JP5558133B2 - Ethylene generator for fruit ripening and fruit ripening method - Google Patents
Ethylene generator for fruit ripening and fruit ripening method Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、有機物やその脂質からエチレンを発生させる果実追熟用のエチレン発生体、および、この果実追熟用のエチレン発生体を用いた果実の追熟方法に関する。 The present invention relates to an ethylene generator for fruit ripening that generates ethylene from organic matter and its lipids, and a fruit ripening method using the ethylene generator for fruit ripening.
エチレンは、植物ホルモンとして生体機能を制御する重要な物質であることが知られている。工業的に、エチレンは石油から大量に生産されているが、近年の石油の大量消費により石油資源の枯渇や環境汚染などの深刻な問題が危惧されている。このため、石油などの化石燃料を用いず、環境負荷が少なく、持続的な新しいエチレンの生成技術の開発が求められている。 It is known that ethylene is an important substance that controls biological functions as a plant hormone. Industrially, ethylene is produced in large quantities from petroleum, but serious problems such as depletion of petroleum resources and environmental pollution are feared due to the recent large consumption of petroleum. For this reason, there is a demand for the development of a new ethylene production technology that does not use fossil fuels such as petroleum and has a low environmental impact.
そこで、例えばブドウ枯葉などの有機物を施与した土壌から大量のエチレン（バイオエチレン）が生成されることが知られている。 Thus, it is known that a large amount of ethylene (bioethylene) is produced from soil to which organic substances such as grape leaves are applied.
有機物中の主要なエチレン生成物質は脂質であり、このようなエチレンの生成は微生物の作用によって起こると推察されており、石油などの化石燃料を用いないエチレンの生成技術として、バチラス（Bacillus）属の細菌の働きによりエチレンを生成させる方法およびその装置が知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。 The main ethylene-producing substances in organic matter are lipids, and it is speculated that such ethylene production is caused by the action of microorganisms. As a technology for producing ethylene without using fossil fuels such as petroleum, the genus Bacillus is used. A method and apparatus for producing ethylene by the action of bacteria are known (for example, see Patent Document 1).
このように微生物を用いて生成したエチレンは、石油から生成したエチレンと同様に、植物ホルモンとして使用でき、未熟な有機栽培のバナナやキウイフルーツなどの果実の熟れを促進できることが知られている（例えば、特許文献２参照。）。 Thus, it is known that ethylene produced using microorganisms can be used as a plant hormone, like ethylene produced from petroleum, and can promote the ripening of fruits such as unripe organically grown bananas and kiwifruits ( For example, see Patent Document 2.)
したがって、このように微生物を用いて生成したエチレンは、環境負荷が小さいだけでなく、化石燃料を用いて生成したエチレンと同様に果実の熟れを促進させることができるので、いわゆる食の安全という観点から特に園芸分野にて用いられるエチレンとして有用である。 Therefore, ethylene produced using microorganisms not only has a small environmental load, but can promote fruit ripening in the same manner as ethylene produced using fossil fuel. It is particularly useful as ethylene used in the field of horticulture.
また、エチレンを生成する方法として、２価の鉄イオン（Ｆｅ２＋）を用いたブドウ枯葉からエチレン生成の工業化のための基本的な手法が知られている（例えば、非特許文献１参照。）。 Further, as a method for producing ethylene, a basic method for industrialization of ethylene production from vine leaves using divalent iron ions (Fe 2+ ) is known (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1). .
しかしながら、上述の特許文献１および特許文献２のように微生物を用いてエチレンを生成する場合には、微生物を培養する必要があり、生成装置の構成が複雑かつ大型なものになるので、容易に製造できず、また、発生させたエチレンを一旦回収する必要があるので、容易に取り扱うことができないと考えられる。 However, when ethylene is produced using microorganisms as in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 described above, it is necessary to culture the microorganisms, and the configuration of the production apparatus becomes complicated and large. It cannot be manufactured, and since it is necessary to recover the generated ethylene once, it cannot be easily handled.
また、非特許文献１の手法では、２価鉄イオンとブドウ枯葉からエチレンが生成できる点が記載されているにすぎず、実験の際に使用した生成装置は構成が複雑かつ大型なものであるので、容易に製造できず、また、発生させたエチレンを一旦回収する必要があるので、容易に取り扱うことができないと考えられる。 Moreover, in the method of nonpatent literature 1, only the point which can produce | generate ethylene from a bivalent iron ion and grape dead leaves is described, and the production | generation apparatus used in the case of an experiment has a complicated and large structure. Therefore, it cannot be easily manufactured, and since it is necessary to recover the generated ethylene once, it cannot be easily handled.
本発明は、このような点に鑑みなされたもので、容易に製造でき、また、容易に取り扱うことができる果実追熟用のエチレン発生体およびこの果実追熟用のエチレン発生体を用いた果実の追熟方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and can be easily manufactured, and can be handled easily. An ethylene generator for fruit ripening and a fruit using the ethylene generator for fruit ripening The purpose is to provide a method of ripening.
請求項１に記載された果実追熟用のエチレン発生体は、密閉可能な収容体に果実とともに収容されてこの果実を追熟する果実追熟用のエチレン発生体であって、通気性を有する外側部と、この外側部の内側に位置し通気性および吸水性を有する内側部とを有する収容部材を具備し、この収容部材の内側部内には、有機物およびこの有機物から得られる脂質の少なくとも一方と、二価鉄イオン（Ｆｅ２＋）および一価銅イオン（Ｃｕ＋）の少なくとも一方を含む溶液が封入された溶液封入体とが収容され、前記有機物は、ブドウ葉およびスギ葉の少なくとも一方であり、前記有機物に含まれる脂質は、酸素官能基を有する不飽和脂肪酸であり、前記溶液封入体に外力が加えられることにより、前記溶液封入体から前記溶液が流出し、前記収容部材内にて前記有機物および前記脂質の少なくとも一方と前記溶液とが接触してエチレンが発生し、このエチレンが前記内側部および前記外側部を透過して前記収容部材から流出するとともに、前記溶液の過剰な水分が前記内側部に吸収されるものである。 The ethylene generator for fruit ripening according to claim 1 is an ethylene generator for fruit ripening that is housed together with fruit in a sealable container and ripens the fruit, and has air permeability. A housing member having an outer portion and an inner portion located inside the outer portion and having air permeability and water absorption; and in the inner portion of the housing member, at least one of an organic substance and a lipid obtained from the organic substance And a solution inclusion body in which a solution containing at least one of divalent iron ions (Fe 2+ ) and monovalent copper ions (Cu + ) is enclosed, and the organic matter is at least one of grape leaves and cedar leaves And the lipid contained in the organic substance is an unsaturated fatty acid having an oxygen functional group , and when the external force is applied to the solution enclosure, the solution flows out from the solution enclosure, and the accommodation In the member, at least one of the organic substance and the lipid comes into contact with the solution to generate ethylene. The ethylene passes through the inner portion and the outer portion and flows out of the containing member. Excess water is absorbed by the inner part.
請求項２に記載された果実の追熟方法は、請求項１記載の果実追熟用のエチレン発生体と、果実とを密閉可能な収容体に収容し、前記果実追熟用のエチレン発生体にてエチレンを発生させて前記収容体を密閉し、発生したエチレンにて果実を追熟させるものである。 The method for ripening a fruit according to claim 2 is a method of accommodating the ethylene generator for fruit ripening according to claim 1 and a fruit in a sealable container, and the ethylene generator for fruit ripening. Is used to generate ethylene to seal the container and to ripen the fruit with the generated ethylene.
請求項１に記載された発明によれば、通気性を有する収容部材に、有機物およびこの有機物から得られる脂質の少なくとも一方と、二価鉄イオン（Ｆｅ２＋）および一価銅イオン（Ｃｕ＋）の少なくとも一方を含む溶液が封入された溶液封入体とが収容された構成であるので、簡単な構成であり、容易に製造できる。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, at least one of an organic substance and a lipid obtained from the organic substance, a divalent iron ion (Fe 2+ ), and a monovalent copper ion (Cu + ) Since the solution inclusion body in which the solution containing at least one of these is enclosed is accommodated, the structure is simple and can be easily manufactured.
また、溶液封入体に外力が加えられることにより、収容部材内にて有機物および脂質の少なくとも一方と溶液とが接触可能な構成であり、有機物および脂質の少なくとも一方と溶液とが接触することによりエチレンが発生するので、容易に取り扱うことができる。 In addition, when an external force is applied to the solution enclosure, at least one of the organic matter and lipid can be brought into contact with the solution in the housing member, and ethylene can be brought into contact with at least one of the organic matter and lipid and the solution. Can be easily handled.
さらに、有機物は、ブドウ葉およびスギ葉の少なくとも一方であることにより、これらブドウ葉およびスギ葉はいずれも容易に入手できるので、容易に製造できるとともに、有機物に含まれる脂質が酸素官能基を有する不飽和脂肪酸であるため、脂質の分解が連続的に生じ、エチレンが生成されやすい。 Furthermore, since the organic substance is at least one of grape leaves and cedar leaves, these grape leaves and cedar leaves can be easily obtained, so that they can be easily manufactured, and lipids contained in the organic substance have an oxygen functional group. Since it is an unsaturated fatty acid, lipid decomposition occurs continuously and ethylene is likely to be produced.
また、収容部材は、通気性を有する外側部と、通気性および吸水性を有する内側部とを備えたことにより、収容部材内にて有機物および脂質の少なくとも一方と溶液とを接触させる際に、溶液の過剰な水分を内側部にて吸収できるので、収容部材からの溶液の漏出を防止でき、容易に取り扱うことができる。 Further, the housing member includes an outer portion having air permeability and an inner portion having air permeability and water absorption, so that when the organic material and the lipid are brought into contact with the solution in the housing member, Since excess moisture of the solution can be absorbed at the inner side, leakage of the solution from the housing member can be prevented and can be handled easily.
請求項２に記載された発明によれば、請求項１記載の果実追熟用のエチレン発生体が容易に製造でき、また、容易に取り扱うことができるので、この果実追熟用のエチレン発生体にてエチレンを発生させて、果実を容易に追熟できる。 According to the invention described in claim 2, since the ethylene generator for fruit ripening according to claim 1 can be easily produced and handled easily, the ethylene generator for fruit ripening can be used. The ethylene can be generated in order to easily ripen the fruit.
以下、本発明の一実施の形態の構成について図１を参照しながら詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
図１（ａ）において、１は果実追熟用のエチレン発生体であり、この果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１は、通気性を有する袋状の収容部材２を具備し、この収容部材２には、有機物３と、二価鉄イオン（Ｆｅ２＋）を含む溶液４が封入された溶液封入体５とが収容されている。また、収容部材２内では、溶液封入体５に外力が加えられることにより、溶液封入体５から溶液４が流出し、有機物３と溶液封入体５から流出した溶液４とが接触可能である。 In FIG. 1 (a), 1 is an ethylene generator for fruit ripening, and the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening comprises a bag-like storage member 2 having air permeability. Accommodates an organic substance 3 and a solution enclosure 5 in which a solution 4 containing divalent iron ions (Fe 2+ ) is enclosed. Further, in the housing member 2, by applying an external force to the solution enclosure 5, the solution 4 flows out from the solution enclosure 5, and the organic matter 3 and the solution 4 flowing out from the solution enclosure 5 can come into contact with each other.
そして、図１（ｂ）に示すように、収容部材２内にて有機物３と溶液４とが接触することにより、有機物３中の脂質に溶液のＦｅ２＋が作用してエチレンが発生する。 And as shown in FIG.1 (b), when the organic substance 3 and the solution 4 contact in the accommodating member 2, the Fe2 + of a solution will act on the lipid in the organic substance 3, and ethylene will generate | occur | produce.
収容部材２は、通気性を有する外側部６と、この外側部６の内側に位置し、通気性および吸水性を有する内側部７とを備えている。外側部６は、例えば、紙、ポリエステル、ウールおよび綿などの通気性を有しガスを通しやすい素材にて形成されている。内側部７は、例えば、紙、脱脂綿、高吸収性ポリマおよび不織布などの通気性および吸水性を有しガスを通しやすく水を吸収しやすい素材にて形成されている。また、これら外側部６と内側部７とは互いに接合されておらずそれぞれ別個である。 The housing member 2 includes an outer part 6 having air permeability and an inner part 7 located inside the outer part 6 and having air permeability and water absorption. The outer portion 6 is formed of a material having air permeability such as paper, polyester, wool, and cotton and allowing gas to easily pass therethrough. The inner portion 7 is formed of a material that has air permeability and water absorption, such as paper, absorbent cotton, superabsorbent polymer, and non-woven fabric, and can easily pass gas and absorb water. The outer portion 6 and the inner portion 7 are not joined to each other and are separate from each other.
このような収容部材２は、収容部材２の内部、すなわち外側部６および内側部７より内側の空間内に有機物３と溶液封入体５とが収容された状態にて、端部が例えばボンドなどで封着されて密閉されている。なお、封着された収容部材２内は、有機物３および溶液封入体５やその他のものが充填されている必要はなく、これら有機物３および溶液封入体５の周囲には空隙がある。 Such a storage member 2 has an end portion of, for example, a bond or the like in a state where the organic substance 3 and the solution enclosure 5 are stored in the storage member 2, that is, in a space inside the outer portion 6 and the inner portion 7. Sealed with and sealed. The sealed housing member 2 does not need to be filled with the organic substance 3 and the solution enclosure 5 and other things, and there is a space around the organic substance 3 and the solution enclosure 5.
有機物３は、ブドウ葉およびスギ葉の少なくとも一方であり、ブドウ葉としてのブドウ枯葉やスギ葉としてのスギ枯葉が好ましく、ブドウ枯葉やスギ枯葉を粉末状にしたものが用いられるとより好ましい。有機物３としてブドウ枯葉およびスギ枯葉を用いる場合は、葉内に脂質が含まれているものであればよく、特別な品種を用いる必要はなく一般的なブドウやスギの葉を用いることができる。また、有機物３としてブドウ枯葉およびスギ枯葉の粉末を混合したものを用いてもよい。 The organic substance 3 is at least one of a grape leaf and a cedar leaf, and is preferably a grape leaf or cedar leaf as a grape leaf, and more preferably a powdered grape leaf or cedar leaf. In the case of using grape defoliation and cedar defoliation as the organic matter 3, it is only necessary that lipids are contained in the leaves, and it is not necessary to use special varieties, and general grape and cedar leaves can be used. Moreover, you may use what mixed the powder of the grape leaf and cedar leaf as the organic substance 3.
溶液封入体５は、袋状の封入体本体８を有し、この封入体本体８に二価鉄イオン（Ｆｅ２＋）を含む溶液４が封入されている。また、封入体本体８は、外力を加えることにより破断し、封入された溶液４が流出するものであるので、例えば合成樹脂などのように、通常時は封入する溶液４が漏出しにくく、外力を加えた際には破れやすい素材が好ましい。 The solution enclosure 5 has a bag-like enclosure body 8 in which a solution 4 containing divalent iron ions (Fe 2+ ) is enclosed. Further, since the enclosure body 8 is broken by applying an external force and the encapsulated solution 4 flows out, the encapsulated solution 4 is normally difficult to leak out, such as a synthetic resin. The material which is easy to tear when adding is preferred.
溶液４は、還元鉄由来のＦｅ２＋（２価鉄イオン）を有している。還元鉄は、例えば、硫酸第一鉄、塩化第一鉄、酢酸第一鉄、クエン酸第１鉄、酒石酸第一鉄、硝酸鉄（II）、スルファミン酸第一鉄、ギ酸第一鉄など、溶液にするとＦｅ２＋を生成する化合物であればよい。 The solution 4 has Fe2 + (divalent iron ion) derived from reduced iron. Reduced iron is, for example, ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride, ferrous acetate, ferrous citrate, ferrous tartrate, ferric nitrate (II), ferrous sulfamate, ferrous formate, Any compound that produces Fe 2+ in solution may be used.
ここで、果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１においては、有機物３に対して溶液４の還元鉄の濃度が高いほど、エチレンを多く生成できるものの溶液４の水質が悪化してしまう。したがって、有機物３および溶液４は、エチレン生成量および溶液４の水質を考慮すると、例えば、有機物３であるブドウ枯葉粉末が６６．７ｍｇ（ブドウ枯葉脂質１０ｍｇに相等）に対して、還元鉄としての硫酸第一鉄の濃度が１０ｍＭの溶液４が５ｍｌ程度であると好ましい。 Here, in the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening, the higher the concentration of reduced iron in the solution 4 with respect to the organic matter 3, the more the ethylene can be produced, but the water quality of the solution 4 deteriorates. Therefore, in consideration of the amount of ethylene produced and the water quality of the solution 4, the organic substance 3 and the solution 4 have, for example, 66.7 mg of grape powder of grapes as the organic substance 3 (equivalent to 10 mg of grape leaves leaf lipid) as reduced iron. The solution 4 having a ferrous sulfate concentration of 10 mM is preferably about 5 ml.
次に、上記一実施の形態の作用および効果を説明する。 Next, the operation and effect of the one embodiment will be described.
果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１にてエチレンを発生させる際には、収容部材２を例えば揉んだり振ったりすることなどにより、収容部材２内の溶液封入体５に外力を加える。 When ethylene is generated by the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening, an external force is applied to the solution enclosure 5 in the housing member 2 by, for example, kneading or shaking the housing member 2.
加えられた外力により封入体本体８が破断して、溶液封入体５の溶液４が封入体本体８から流出する。 The enclosure body 8 is broken by the applied external force, and the solution 4 of the solution enclosure 5 flows out of the enclosure body 8.
流出した溶液４は、有機物３に接触して付着し、有機物３に含まれる脂質に溶液のＦｅ２＋が作用して、エチレンが生成される。なお、エチレンの他に低級炭化水素はほとんど生成されない。 The solution 4 that has flowed out contacts and adheres to the organic substance 3, and the Fe 2+ of the solution acts on the lipid contained in the organic substance 3 to generate ethylene. In addition to ethylene, almost no lower hydrocarbon is produced.
生成されたエチレンは、収容部材２の内側部７および外側部６を透過して、収容部材２の外部へ流出し、果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１からエチレンが発生する。 The produced ethylene passes through the inner part 7 and the outer part 6 of the housing member 2 and flows out of the housing member 2, and ethylene is generated from the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening.
なお、溶液封入体５において、封入体本体８から流出した溶液の過剰の水分は、収容部材２の内側部７にて吸収される。 In the solution enclosure 5, excess moisture of the solution flowing out from the enclosure body 8 is absorbed by the inner portion 7 of the housing member 2.
ここで、有機物３にＦｅ２＋が作用することによるエチレンの生成について調査するため、例えば有機物３としてのブドウ枯葉に含まれる脂質をＮＭＲにて分析したところ、この脂質は、酸素官能基を有する不飽和脂肪酸であり、糖が結合した糖脂質であった。また、この脂質にＦｅ２＋を添加すると、大きな変化を起こし、特に二重結合の強度が弱くなって、酸素原子の隣接部のシグナルが大きくなるという変化が現れた。 Here, in order to investigate the formation of ethylene due to the action of Fe 2+ on the organic matter 3, for example, when lipids contained in the dead leaves of grapes as the organic matter 3 were analyzed by NMR, this lipid was found to have oxygen functional groups. It was a saturated fatty acid and a glycolipid to which sugar was bound. In addition, when Fe 2+ was added to this lipid, a large change occurred, and in particular, the double bond strength was weakened, and a change was observed in which the signal adjacent to the oxygen atom was increased.
したがって、エチレン生成に関与する有機物３の脂質はカスケード状に酸素原子を有する長鎖の不飽和脂肪酸であり、酸素がＦｅ２＋によって奪われて、脂質の分解が連続的に生じ、エチレンが瞬時に生成されるものと考えられる。 Therefore, the lipid of the organic substance 3 involved in ethylene production is a long-chain unsaturated fatty acid having oxygen atoms in a cascade form, and oxygen is deprived by Fe 2+ , resulting in continuous degradation of the lipid, and ethylene instantly It is considered to be generated.
そして、このような果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１は、通気性を有する収容部材２に、有機物３と、二価鉄イオン（Ｆｅ２＋）を含む溶液４が封入された溶液封入体５とが収容された構成であるので、特殊な器具や設備を必要とせず簡単な構成であり、容易に製造できる。 And such an ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening includes a solution enclosure 5 in which an organic material 3 and a solution 4 containing divalent iron ions (Fe 2+ ) are encapsulated in a breathable housing member 2. Therefore, it is a simple configuration without the need for special equipment or equipment, and can be easily manufactured.
このように果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１は、簡単な構成であるので、想定される用途に応じて容易に小型化または大型化できる。 Thus, since the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening has a simple configuration, it can be easily reduced in size or increased in size depending on the intended use.
果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１は、収容部材２を揉んだり振ったりするなどして、収容部材２内の溶液封入体５に外力を加えることにより、封入体本体８が破断して溶液封入体５から溶液が流出し、収容部材２内にて有機物３と溶液４とが接触可能であり、有機物３と溶液４とが接触するとエチレンが生成され、このエチレンが収容部材２を透過して果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１からエチレンが発生する。したがって、例えば生成されたエチレンを一旦回収する作業などを必要とせず、有機物３と溶液４とを接触させた状態でエチレンを発生させたい場所や空間に放置するだけでよいので、容易に取り扱うことができる。 The ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening is subjected to an external force applied to the solution enclosure 5 in the accommodation member 2 by, for example, squeezing or shaking the accommodation member 2, whereby the enclosure body 8 is broken and the solution is enclosed. The solution flows out from the body 5, and the organic substance 3 and the solution 4 can come into contact with each other in the housing member 2. When the organic substance 3 and the solution 4 come into contact with each other, ethylene is generated, Ethylene is generated from the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening. Therefore, for example, it is not necessary to collect the generated ethylene once, and it is only necessary to leave it in a place or space where the organic substance 3 and the solution 4 are in contact with each other, so that it can be handled easily. Can do.
また、果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１は、エチレンの他に低級炭化水素がほとんど生成されないので、発生した気体からエチレンを分離するなどの作業の必要がなく、容易に取り扱うことができる。 Further, since the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening hardly generates lower hydrocarbons in addition to ethylene, there is no need for operations such as separation of ethylene from the generated gas, and it can be handled easily.
さらに、果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１は、収容部材２が、通気性を有する外側部６と通気性および吸水性を有する内側部７とを備えたことにより、収容部材２内にて、有機物３と溶液４とを接触させた際における溶液の過剰な水分を内側部７にて吸収できるので、収容部材２からの溶液の漏出を防止でき、容易に取り扱うことができる。 Furthermore, the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening has the accommodating member 2 provided with an outer part 6 having air permeability and an inner part 7 having air permeability and water absorption. Since the excess water of the solution when the organic substance 3 and the solution 4 are brought into contact with each other can be absorbed by the inner portion 7, leakage of the solution from the housing member 2 can be prevented and can be easily handled.
有機物３は、ブドウ枯葉やスギ枯葉であることにより、これらのブドウやスギは特別な品種のものではなく、いずれの葉も容易に入手できるので、容易に製造できる。 Since the organic matter 3 is a grape leaf or a cedar leaf, these grapes and cedar are not of a special variety, and any leaf can be easily obtained and can be easily produced.
特に現在の果樹栽培は、多くの場合に果実生産という１次産業的な役割が主な目的とされており、ブドウ枯葉は農業生産の過程から排出される農業廃棄物である。したがって、有機物３としてブドウ枯葉を用いると、食糧生産と競合せずに有機物３を回収できるので、ブドウ枯葉は、石油などの化石燃料と違って永続的なエネルギ源として確保できる。 In particular, the current fruit cultivation has a primary industrial role of fruit production in many cases, and grape leaves are agricultural waste discharged from the process of agricultural production. Therefore, if grape leaves are used as the organic matter 3, the organic matter 3 can be recovered without competing with food production, so that the grape leaf can be secured as a permanent energy source unlike fossil fuels such as oil.
なお、上記一実施の形態では、収容部材２を袋状の構成にしたが、このような構成には限定されず、例えば箱状の構成などにしてもよく、収容部材２の大きさも適宜設定できる。 In the above-described embodiment, the storage member 2 has a bag-like configuration. However, the storage member 2 is not limited to such a configuration. For example, the storage member 2 may have a box-like configuration. it can.
収容部材２は、外側部６と内側部７とが別個の構成には限定されず、外側部６と内側部７とを接合して一体的な構成にしてもよい。 The housing member 2 is not limited to a configuration in which the outer portion 6 and the inner portion 7 are separate, and the outer member 6 and the inner portion 7 may be joined to form an integral configuration.
さらに、収容部材２は、例えばボンドなどで封着された構成にしたが、このような構成には限定されず、例えば、収容部材２が箱状の場合は、蓋体などにて密閉する構成や、収容部材２が袋状の構成に場合には、収容部材２の端部を結んで簡易的に密閉する構成などにしてもよい。 Furthermore, the housing member 2 is configured to be sealed with, for example, a bond, but is not limited to such a configuration. For example, when the housing member 2 is box-shaped, the housing member 2 is sealed with a lid or the like. Alternatively, when the housing member 2 has a bag-like configuration, the housing member 2 may be simply sealed by connecting the end portions thereof.
収容部材２内は、有機物３および溶液封入体５の周囲に空隙がある構成には限定されず、溶液封入体５に外力を加えることにより有機物３と溶液４とが接触可能な構成であれば、有機物３および溶液封入体５を充填した構成などでもよい。 The inside of the housing member 2 is not limited to a configuration in which there are voids around the organic substance 3 and the solution enclosure 5 as long as the organic substance 3 and the solution 4 can contact each other by applying an external force to the solution enclosure 5. Alternatively, the organic material 3 and the solution enclosure 5 may be filled.
有機物３は、有機物３そのものではなく、有機物３から抽出される脂質を用いてもよく、これら有機物３および脂質の少なくとも一方が用いられていればよい。 The organic substance 3 may be a lipid extracted from the organic substance 3 instead of the organic substance 3 itself, as long as at least one of the organic substance 3 and the lipid is used.
溶液封入体５は、二価鉄イオン（Ｆｅ２＋）を含む溶液が封入された構成には限定されず、二価鉄イオン（Ｆｅ２＋）および一価銅イオン（Ｃｕ＋）の少なくとも一方を含む溶液が封入されていればよい。溶液に一価銅イオン（Ｃｕ＋）を付与する還元銅としては、例えば塩化第一銅など、溶液にした際に一価銅イオン（Ｃｕ＋）を生成する化合物であればよい。このように還元銅を用いた場合は、還元鉄を用いた場合と同様に、有機物３における脂質の酸素がＣｕ＋によって奪われて、脂質の分解が連続的に生じ、エチレンが生成されると考えられる。 The solution enclosure 5 is not limited to a configuration in which a solution containing divalent iron ions (Fe 2+ ) is enclosed, and includes at least one of divalent iron ions (Fe 2+ ) and monovalent copper ions (Cu + ). What is necessary is just to enclose the solution. The reduced copper that imparts monovalent copper ions (Cu + ) to the solution may be any compound that generates monovalent copper ions (Cu + ) when made into a solution, such as cuprous chloride. When reduced copper is used in this way, as in the case of using reduced iron, lipid oxygen in the organic matter 3 is deprived by Cu + , and lipid decomposition occurs continuously, producing ethylene. Conceivable.
また、溶液封入体５は、封入体本体８が例えば合成樹脂などで形成された袋状の構成にしたが、このような構成には限定されず、外力を加えることにより溶液封入体５から溶液が流出する素材や構成であればよく、例えば箱状やカプセル状の構成などにしてもよい。 The solution enclosure 5 has a bag-like configuration in which the enclosure body 8 is formed of, for example, a synthetic resin. However, the solution enclosure 5 is not limited to such a configuration, and the solution enclosure 5 can be removed from the solution enclosure 5 by applying an external force. Any material or configuration may be used, for example, a box-shaped or capsule-shaped configuration.
収容部材２に収容された有機物３と溶液４との比率は、有機物３であるブドウ枯葉粉末が６６．７ｍｇに対して、還元鉄としての硫酸第一鉄の濃度が１０ｍＭの溶液４が５ｍｌ程度という構成に限定されず、適宜設定できる。 The ratio of the organic substance 3 and the solution 4 accommodated in the accommodating member 2 is 66.7 mg of the grape leaf powder that is the organic substance 3 and about 5 ml of the solution 4 having a ferrous sulfate concentration of 10 mM as reduced iron. The configuration is not limited to this, and can be set as appropriate.
次に、上記果実追熟用のエチレン発生体を用いた果実の追熟方法について説明する。 Next, the fruit ripening method using the ethylene generator for fruit ripening will be described.
果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１にて果実を追熟させる際には、果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１と追熟させる果実とを密閉可能な収容体に収容する。 When ripening a fruit with the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening, the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening and the fruit to be ripened are accommodated in a sealable container.
果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１に外力を加えてエチレンを発生させた状態で、収容体を密閉し、放置して、果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１から発生したエチレンにより果実を追熟させる。 In a state where ethylene was generated by applying external force to the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening, the container was sealed and left to ripen the fruit with ethylene generated from the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening. Let
なお、果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１からエチレンを発生させた状態で、収容体を密閉するという順番にて説明したが、果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１にて果実を追熟させる際にはこのような順番に限定されず、例えば、収容体を密閉した後に、収容体上から果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１に外力を加えてエチレンを発生させてもよい。 In addition, it demonstrated in the order of sealing a container in the state which generated ethylene from the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening, When ripening a fruit with the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening The order is not limited to this, and for example, after the container is sealed, ethylene may be generated by applying external force to the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening from the container.
また、密閉可能な収容体は、特別な器具である必要はなく、箱状、袋状のいずれでもよく、例えば、ポリ塩化ビニル製のいわゆるビニル袋や、ポリプロピレン製のいわゆるポリ袋などを用いることも可能である。 Moreover, the container which can be sealed does not need to be a special instrument, and may be either a box shape or a bag shape. For example, a so-called vinyl bag made of polyvinyl chloride or a so-called plastic bag made of polypropylene is used. Is also possible.
そして、このような果実の追熟方法によれば、果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１は容易に製造でき、また、容易に取り扱うことができるものであるので、密閉可能な収容体内に果実とともに果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１を放置するだけで、果実を容易に追熟できる。 And according to such a fruit ripening method, since the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening can be easily produced and handled easily, it can be contained together with the fruit in a sealable container. By leaving the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening alone, the fruit can be ripened easily.
また、このように果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１を用いることにより、化石燃料に依存しないエチレンを発生でき、果実を安全に追熟できるので、食の安全という面にて非常に有用である。 In addition, by using the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening as described above, ethylene that does not depend on fossil fuel can be generated, and the fruit can be safely ripened, which is very useful in terms of food safety. .
次に、本発明の実施例について説明する。 Next, examples of the present invention will be described.
有機物と接触させる化合物の違いによるエチレンの生成について確認した。 It confirmed about the production | generation of ethylene by the difference in the compound contacted with organic substance.
ブドウ枯葉粉末１００ｍｇ、または、枯葉脂質１０ｍｇをそれぞれ小瓶に入れた後、表１に示す各化合物を添加し、シリコン製の蓋で小瓶を密閉した。そして、３時間後の小瓶内の気相部に生成されたガスを採取し、このガスをＦＩＤガスクロマトグラフにて分析した。この実験に用いた化合物および実験結果を表１に示す。 After putting grape grape leaf powder 100 mg or dead leaf lipid 10 mg into each small bottle, each compound shown in Table 1 was added, and the small bottle was sealed with a silicon lid. And the gas produced | generated in the gaseous-phase part in the small bottle after 3 hours was extract | collected, and this gas was analyzed with the FID gas chromatograph. Table 1 shows the compounds used in this experiment and the experimental results.
表１に示すように、還元銅である塩化第一銅を用いた本実施例や、還元鉄である硫酸第一鉄、塩化第一鉄および酢酸第一鉄のいずれかを用いた本実施例では、ブドウ枯葉粉末およびブドウ枯葉脂質のいずれからもエチレンが多量に生成されている。 As shown in Table 1, this example using cuprous chloride, which is reduced copper, and this example using any one of reduced iron, ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride, and ferrous acetate. In this case, a large amount of ethylene is produced from both grape leaf powder and grape leaf lipid.
一方、硫酸コバルト、硫酸マンガン、硫酸ニッケル、硫酸第二鉄、硝酸第二鉄、クエン酸第二鉄およびＦｅ（III）−ＥＤＴＡを用いた比較例では、ブドウ枯葉粉末およびブドウ枯葉脂質のいずれからもエチレンがほとんど生成されなかった。 On the other hand, in the comparative example using cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, nickel sulfate, ferric sulfate, ferric nitrate, ferric citrate and Fe (III) -EDTA, from any of grape defoliation powder and grape defoliation lipid However, almost no ethylene was produced.
有機物やその脂質の種類よるエチレンの生成について確認した。 The production of ethylene by the kind of organic matter and its lipid was confirmed.
ブドウ枯葉粉末１００ｍｇ、スギ枯葉粉末１００ｍｇ、ブドウ枯葉脂質１０ｍｇおよびスギ枯葉脂質１０ｍｇのいずれかの有機物をそれぞれ小瓶に入れた後、硫酸第一鉄１０ｍｌを小瓶にいれ、シリコン製の蓋で密閉した。そして、３時間後、小瓶内の気相部に生成されたガスを採取し、ＦＩＤガスクロマトグラフで分析した。この結果を表２に示す。 Either 100 mg of grape leaf powder, 100 mg of cedar leaf powder, 10 mg of grape leaf leaf lipid and 10 mg of cedar leaf leaf lipid were placed in a small bottle, respectively, 10 ml of ferrous sulfate was placed in the small bottle, and sealed with a silicon lid. After 3 hours, the gas produced in the gas phase portion in the small bottle was collected and analyzed by an FID gas chromatograph. The results are shown in Table 2.
表２に示すように、有機物やその脂質としてブドウ枯葉を用いた方が多くのエチレンを生成できるものの、スギ枯葉を用いても十分にエチレンを生成できる。 As shown in Table 2, although a lot of ethylene can be produced by using grape leaves as an organic substance or its lipid, ethylene can be produced sufficiently even if cedar leaves are used.
有機物としてブドウ枯葉脂質が用いられた果実追熟用のエチレン発生体による果実の追熟効果を確認した。 The ripening effect of the fruit was confirmed by the ethylene generator for ripening the fruit in which the grape leaf lipid was used as an organic substance.
有機物としてブドウ枯葉脂質が用いられた果実追熟用のエチレン発生体と、キウイフルーツ果実２０ｋｇとを収容体としてのビニル袋に収容しビニル袋を密閉状態にした後、ビニル袋上から果実追熟用のエチレン発生体を軽く揉んでエチレンを発生させて１週間放置した。１週間後、ビニル袋を開放し、キウイフルーツ果実の硬度を測定するとともに、キウイフルーツ果実の断面を観察した。また、無処理の比較例として、キウイフルーツ果実２０ｋｇをビニル袋に収容しビニル袋を密閉状態にして１週間放置し、この無処理のキウイフルーツ果実の硬度を測定するとともに、キウイフルーツ果実の断面を観察した。さらに、市販されている果実追熟剤を用いた比較例として、果実追熟剤の熟れごろ（登録商標）３袋と、キウイフルーツ果実２０ｋｇとをビニル袋に収容しビニル袋を密閉状態にして１週間放置し、キウイフルーツ果実の硬度を測定するとともに、キウイフルーツ果実の断面を観察した。果実の硬度測定の結果を表３に示す。なお、一般的に硬度が高いほどキウイフルーツ果実の熟れが進んでおらず、硬度が低いほどキウイフルーツ果実の熟れが進んでいるものとされている。また、１週間放置後のそれぞれのキウイフルーツ果実の断面の写真を図２に示す。（ａ）は無処理のものであり、（ｂ）は市販の果実追熟剤を使用したものであり、（ｃ）は果実追熟用のエチレン発生体を使用したものである。 An ethylene generator for fruit ripening using grape defoliation lipid as an organic substance and 20 kg of kiwifruit fruit are accommodated in a vinyl bag as a container, and the vinyl bag is sealed, and then fruit ripening from the top of the vinyl bag. The ethylene generator for use was lightly massaged to generate ethylene and left for 1 week. One week later, the vinyl bag was opened, the hardness of the kiwifruit fruit was measured, and the cross section of the kiwifruit fruit was observed. As an untreated comparative example, 20 kg of kiwifruit fruit is placed in a vinyl bag, the vinyl bag is sealed and left for one week, the hardness of the untreated kiwifruit fruit is measured, and the cross section of the kiwifruit fruit is measured. Was observed. Furthermore, as a comparative example using a commercially available fruit ripening agent, 3 ripening (registered trademark) bags of fruit ripening agent and 20 kg of kiwifruit fruit are housed in a vinyl bag and the vinyl bag is sealed. After standing for one week, the hardness of the kiwifruit fruit was measured, and the cross section of the kiwifruit fruit was observed. Table 3 shows the results of the fruit hardness measurement. In general, the higher the hardness is, the less ripe the kiwifruit fruit is, and the lower the hardness is, the more ripe the kiwifruit fruit is. Moreover, the photograph of the cross section of each kiwifruit fruit after leaving for one week is shown in FIG. (A) is an untreated thing, (b) is what uses a commercially available fruit ripening agent, (c) is what uses the ethylene generator for fruit ripening.
表３に示すように、ブドウ枯葉脂質が用いられた果実追熟用のエチレン発生体を使用した本実施例と果実追熟剤を使用した比較例とは、キウイフルーツ果実の硬度が同等であり、いずれも無処理の比較例に比べて硬度が低くなっている。また、図２に示すように、キウイフルーツ果実の断面を比較すると、図２（ｃ）に示すブドウ枯葉脂質が用いられた果実追熟用のエチレン発生体を使用したものおよび図２（ｂ）に示す果実追熟剤を使用したものの方が、図２（ａ）に示す無処理のものに比べて多汁な状態になっている。これらの結果から、ブドウ枯葉脂質が用いられた果実追熟用のエチレン発生体を使用したものは、果実の熟れが進んでおり追熟されていることが明らかである。 As shown in Table 3, the hardness of kiwifruit fruit is equivalent to the present example using an ethylene generator for fruit ripening using grape defoliation lipid and the comparative example using a fruit ripening agent. Both have lower hardness than the untreated comparative example. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 2, when comparing the cross-sections of kiwifruit fruits, those using an ethylene generator for fruit ripening using the grape defoliation lipid shown in FIG. 2 (c) and FIG. 2 (b). Those using the fruit ripening agent shown in Fig. 2 are in a more juicy state than the untreated one shown in Fig. 2 (a). From these results, it is clear that in the case of using an ethylene generator for fruit ripening in which grape defoliation lipid is used, the fruit is matured and ripened.
また、果実追熟用のエチレン発生体を使用したキウイフルーツ果実と、果実追熟剤を使用したキウイフルーツ果実との硬度や断面を比較しても、ブドウ枯葉脂質が用いられた果実追熟用のエチレン発生体の追熟能力は果実追熟剤と同等であるといえる。 In addition, even when comparing the hardness and cross section of kiwifruit fruit using an ethylene generator for fruit ripening and kiwifruit fruit using a fruit ripening agent, it is for fruit ripening using grape defoliation lipid. It can be said that the ripening ability of the ethylene generator is equivalent to that of a fruit ripening agent.
有機物としてブドウ枯葉が用いられた果実追熟用のエチレン発生体、および有機物としてスギ枯葉が用いられた果実追熟用のエチレン発生体による果実の追熟効果を確認した。 The ripening effect of the fruit was confirmed by the ethylene generator for fruit ripening using grape leaves as the organic substance and the ethylene generator for ripening fruit using cedar dead leaves as the organic substance.
上記実施例３と同様に、有機物としてブドウ枯葉の粉末が用いられた果実追熟用のエチレン発生体と、キウイフルーツ果実２０ｋｇとをビニル袋に収容しビニル袋を密閉状態にして１週間放置し、キウイフルーツ果実の硬度を測定した。また、有機物としてスギ枯葉の粉末が用いられた果実追熟用のエチレン発生体と、キウイフルーツ果実２０ｋｇとをビニル袋に収容しビニル袋を密閉状態にして１週間放置し、キウイフルーツ果実の硬度を測定した。さらに、無処理の比較例として、キウイフルーツ果実２０ｋｇをビニル袋に収容しビニル袋を密閉状態にして１週間放置し、この無処理のキウイフルーツ果実の硬度を測定した。これら果実の硬度測定の結果を表４に示す。 In the same manner as in Example 3 above, an ethylene generator for fruit ripening in which powder of dead grape leaves was used as an organic substance and 20 kg of kiwifruit fruit were placed in a vinyl bag, and the vinyl bag was sealed and left for one week. The hardness of the kiwifruit fruit was measured. In addition, an ethylene generator for fruit ripening using powdered cedar leaf as an organic substance and 20 kg of kiwifruit fruit are placed in a vinyl bag, and the vinyl bag is sealed and allowed to stand for one week, and the hardness of the kiwifruit fruit Was measured. Furthermore, as an untreated comparative example, 20 kg of kiwifruit fruit was placed in a vinyl bag, the vinyl bag was sealed and left for one week, and the hardness of the untreated kiwifruit fruit was measured. Table 4 shows the results of the hardness measurement of these fruits.
表４に示すように、ブドウ枯葉が用いられた果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１を使用した本実施例、およびスギ枯葉が用いられた果実追熟用のエチレン発生体を使用した本実施例のいずれも、無処理の比較例に比べて硬度が低くなっている。この結果から、ブドウ枯葉が用いられた果実追熟用のエチレン発生体１を使用したものは、果実の熟れが進んでおり追熟されていることが明らかである。 As shown in Table 4, the present example using the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening using the vine leaves and the present example using the ethylene generator for fruit ripening using the cedar dead leaves In either case, the hardness is lower than that of the untreated comparative example. From this result, it is clear that in the case of using the ethylene generator 1 for fruit ripening in which the grape defoliation is used, the fruit is matured and ripened.
１ 果実追熟用のエチレン発生体
２ 収容部材
３ 有機物
４ 溶液
５ 溶液封入体
６ 外側部
７ 内側部
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ethylene generator for fruit ripening 2 Housing member 3 Organic substance 4 Solution 5 Solution inclusion body 6 Outer part 7 Inner part
Claims (2)
通気性を有する外側部と、この外側部の内側に位置し通気性および吸水性を有する内側部とを有する収容部材を具備し、
この収容部材の内側部内には、有機物およびこの有機物から得られる脂質の少なくとも一方と、二価鉄イオン（Ｆｅ２＋）および一価銅イオン（Ｃｕ＋）の少なくとも一方を含む溶液が封入された溶液封入体とが収容され、
前記有機物は、ブドウ葉およびスギ葉の少なくとも一方であり、
前記有機物に含まれる脂質は、酸素官能基を有する不飽和脂肪酸であり、
前記溶液封入体に外力が加えられることにより、前記溶液封入体から前記溶液が流出し、前記収容部材内にて前記有機物および前記脂質の少なくとも一方と前記溶液とが接触してエチレンが発生し、このエチレンが前記内側部および前記外側部を透過して前記収容部材から流出するとともに、前記溶液の過剰な水分が前記内側部に吸収される
ことを特徴とする果実追熟用のエチレン発生体。 An ethylene generator for fruit ripening that is contained together with fruit in a sealable container and ripens this fruit,
A housing member having an outer portion having air permeability and an inner portion located inside the outer portion and having air permeability and water absorption;
A solution containing at least one of an organic substance and a lipid obtained from the organic substance and at least one of a divalent iron ion (Fe 2+ ) and a monovalent copper ion (Cu + ) is enclosed in the inner portion of the housing member. Containment bodies,
The organic matter is at least one of grape leaves and cedar leaves,
The lipid contained in the organic substance is an unsaturated fatty acid having an oxygen functional group ,
When an external force is applied to the solution enclosure, the solution flows out from the solution enclosure, and at least one of the organic matter and the lipid comes into contact with the solution in the housing member to generate ethylene, The ethylene generator for fruit ripening is characterized in that the ethylene passes through the inner part and the outer part and flows out of the housing member, and excessive water in the solution is absorbed by the inner part.
前記果実追熟用のエチレン発生体にてエチレンを発生させて前記収容体を密閉し、
発生したエチレンにて果実を追熟させる
ことを特徴とする果実の追熟方法。 The ethylene generator for fruit ripening according to claim 1 and the fruit are accommodated in a sealable container,
The ethylene generator for ripening the fruit generates ethylene and seals the container,
A method for ripening a fruit, comprising ripening the fruit with the generated ethylene.
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