JP5571983B2 - Isolated driving avoidance device, isolated driving avoidance method and isolated driving avoidance program - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an isolated operation avoidance device, an isolated operation avoidance method, and an isolated operation avoidance program.

  Conventionally, when a distribution line that supplies power to a customer from a distribution substation in the distribution system has a distribution line maintenance or distribution line failure, the circuit breaker (CB: Circuit Breaker) is released. By doing so, the distribution line is stopped.

  Here, when only the load is connected to the distribution line, when the circuit breaker is released and the power supply to the distribution substation is cut off, the voltage of the distribution line quickly decreases to zero. FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining an isolated operation.

  However, even if the circuit breaker is released at the distribution substation in order to cut off the power supply from the substation transformer, as shown in FIG. 14, the distribution lines such as photovoltaic (PV) devices are dispersed. When the power supply is connected, and the balance between the “power generated by the distributed power supply” and the “power consumption of the load on the distribution line”, a phenomenon called a single operation in which the voltage of the distribution line is maintained without stopping the distributed power supply. Is known to occur (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

Control and protection of a distributed photovoltaic system connected to a low-voltage distribution line, IEEJ Transactions. B, Vol. 108 (1988) No. 1 pp.45-52

  However, at present, there is no effective method for avoiding an isolated operation that may occur when a distributed power source is connected to a power distribution system, and there has been a safety problem. That is, for example, even if a failure occurs in the distribution line and the power supply of the distribution line is stopped by the circuit breaker of the distribution substation, the voltage of the distribution line is maintained when a single operation occurs, thus ensuring safety. I can't.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and it is possible to avoid an isolated operation that may occur when a distributed power source is connected to a power distribution system. An object of the present invention is to provide an isolated operation avoidance device, an isolated operation avoidance method, and an isolated operation avoidance program.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the object, this device supplies active power and reactive power measured by a distribution line connected to a distributed power source that supplies power from a distribution substation to consumers. If but it became islanding operation approximate range including the occurrence range processing to the polygon obtained in the dispersed power source, so that the measured active power or reactive power is the polygonal outer, the power distribution line It is a requirement that a control means for controlling an adjustment amount by an adjustment device for adjusting active power or reactive power is provided on the customer side of the circuit breaker.

In addition, this method supplies power from a distribution substation to consumers, and the active power and reactive power measured by a distribution line connected to a distributed power supply include a range where the distributed operation includes an isolated operation occurrence range. when became approximation to the polygon asked to, the so measured active power or reactive power is the polygonal outside the active power in the consumer side of the circuit breaker in the power distribution line or It is a requirement that a control step for controlling the adjustment amount by the adjustment device for adjusting the reactive power is included.

In addition, this program supplies power from distribution substations to consumers. Active power and reactive power measured by a distribution line connected to a distributed power source include a range where the distributed power source includes an isolated operation occurrence range. when became approximation to the polygon asked to, the so measured active power or reactive power is the polygonal outside the active power in the consumer side of the circuit breaker in the power distribution line or It is a requirement that the computer execute a control procedure for controlling the adjustment amount by the adjustment device that adjusts the reactive power.

  According to the disclosed apparatus, method, or program, it is possible to avoid an isolated operation that may occur when a distributed power source is connected to a power distribution system.

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the power supply system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the isolated operation avoidance device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of the range 1 and the range 2 used for the processing of the adjustment device control unit. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an example of the adjustment amount of the capacitive reactive power by the adjustment device. FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining processing of the adjustment device control unit according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the states of active power and reactive power when the isolated operation avoidance device is not installed in the power supply system. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining states of active power and reactive power when an isolated operation avoidance device is installed in the power supply system. FIG. 8 is a diagram (1) for explaining the setting method of the range 1. FIG. 9 is a diagram (2) for explaining a setting method of the range 1. FIG. 10 is a diagram (3) for explaining the setting method of the range 1. FIG. 11 is a diagram (4) for explaining the setting method of the range 1. FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining processing of the control operation switching unit. FIG. 13 is a flowchart for explaining processing of the adjustment device control unit according to the second embodiment. FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining an isolated operation.

  Embodiments of an isolated operation avoidance device, an isolated operation avoidance method, and an isolated operation avoidance program according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following, a power supply system in which an isolated operation apparatus according to the present invention is incorporated will be described as an example.

  First, the configuration of the power supply system according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the power supply system according to the first embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the power supply system according to the first embodiment includes a distribution substation 1 that supplies power to consumers via a distribution line 2, a load 3 and a distributed power source that are connected to the distribution line 2. 4. The distribution substation 1 is installed in a demand area, transforms a high voltage sent from a transmission line into a low voltage, and supplies the transformed voltage to consumers via the distribution line 2.

  The load 3 is a device that is installed in a consumer and operates by consuming electric power supplied from the distribution line 2. The distributed power source 4 is a small-scale power generation facility that generates power, such as a photovoltaic power generation (PV) device that outputs power using solar energy. Although only one load 3 is shown in FIG. 1, actually, a plurality of loads 3 are linked to the distribution line 2. Further, FIG. 1 shows only one distributed power source 4, but two or more distributed power sources 4 may be connected to the distribution line 2.

  And the distribution substation 1 has the substation transformer 11 and the circuit breaker (CB: Circuit Breaker) 12 as shown in FIG. The substation transformer 11 transforms high-voltage power sent from a power transmission substation upstream of the distribution line into low-voltage power, and supplies the transformed power to consumers via the distribution line 2. To do. The circuit breaker 12 is used to cut off the power supply from the substation transformer 11 when maintenance of the distribution line 2 or a failure in the distribution line occurs. Specifically, the circuit breaker 12 is normally in the on state and is released when the power supply is stopped.

  Furthermore, a PQ measuring device 15 and an adjusting device 16 are installed in the distribution substation 1. The PQ measuring device 15 determines the active power (P) and reactive power in the distribution line 2 from the respective measurement results of the current sensor 13 that measures the current on the distribution line 2 and the voltage sensor 14 that measures the voltage on the distribution line 2. (Q) is a device for measuring.

  The adjustment device 16 is a device that adjusts reactive power on the customer side of the circuit breaker 12 on the distribution line 2. For example, the adjustment device 16 according to the first embodiment is a device in which three capacitors C1 to C3 are connected in parallel as illustrated in FIG. 1 and switches (S1 to S3) corresponding to the respective C1 to C3 are provided. It is a device that adjusts capacitive reactive power by turning on and off.

  And in the power supply system which concerns on Example 1, in order to avoid the single operation which may generate | occur | produce when the distributed power supply 4 is connected to a power distribution system, for example, as shown in FIG. An isolated operation avoidance device 17 is installed in the substation 1. Hereinafter, the processing of the isolated operation avoidance device 17 will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the isolated operation avoidance device according to the first embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the isolated operation avoidance device 17 includes an input unit 17a, an adjustment device control unit 17b, an output unit 17c, and a control operation switching unit 17d.

  The input unit 17a receives instruction information from the administrator of the power supply system and various information output from the circuit breaker 12, the voltage sensor 14, and the PQ measuring device 15, and the received various information is transmitted to the adjusting device control unit 17b and the control unit. Transfer to the operation switching unit 17d. Specifically, the input unit 17a receives the measured values of active power and reactive power in the distribution line 2 measured by the PQ measuring device 15 from the adjusting device 16, and adjusts the received measured values of active power and reactive power. Transfer to the device controller 17b.

  The input unit 17a receives information about whether the circuit breaker 12 is in the on state or the released state from the circuit breaker 12, and transfers the received state information of the circuit breaker 12 to the control operation switching unit 17d. Moreover, the input part 17a receives the voltage at the time of the release | release of the circuit breaker 12 in the distribution line 2, and the injection | throwing-in from the voltage sensor 14, and transfers the received voltage to the control action switching part 17d.

  The adjustment device control unit 17b controls the adjustment amount (capacitance) of the capacitive reactive power by the adjustment device 16 so that the isolated operation is avoided. First, the range 2 including the range 1 and the range 1 is set for the control process of the adjusting device control unit 17b. Specifically, range 1 is a range that coincides with the isolated operation generation range determined by the values of active power and reactive power generated by isolated operation. More specifically, in range 1 (single operation generation range), when the values of active power and reactive power stay within the range, the circuit breaker 12 is released and power supply to the distribution line 2 is stopped. In addition, since the distributed power source 4 continues to supply power to the load, the voltage of the distribution line 2 is maintained, and there is a possibility that an isolated operation may occur. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of the range 1 and the range 2 used for the processing of the adjustment device control unit.

  In the example shown in FIG. 3, the range 1 is simplified as a circle. In the example illustrated in FIG. 3, the range 2 is set as a concentric circle including the circular range 1. That is, in the example shown in FIG. 3, when the active power (P) and the reactive power (Q) in the distribution line 2 are within the circular range 1, the isolated operation occurs even if the breaker 12 is released. It is determined that there is a possibility. The range 2 is set as a concentric circle including the circular range 1. The setting method of range 1 will be described in detail later.

  When the range 1 and the range 2 are set, the adjustment device control unit 17b illustrated in FIG. 2 performs the case where the active power and the reactive power in the distribution line 2 measured by the PQ measurement device 15 are within the range 1. The adjustment amount by the adjustment device 16 is controlled so that the measured reactive power is out of the range 1. In addition, the adjustment device control unit 17b causes the measured reactive power to be within the range 2 when the active power and reactive power in the distribution line 2 measured by the PQ measuring device 15 are out of the range 2. The adjustment amount (capacitance) by the adjustment device 16 is controlled.

  Specifically, the adjustment device control unit 17b controls the adjustment device 16 so that the capacitive reactive power increases when the measured active power and reactive power are within the range 1. In addition, the adjustment device control unit 17b performs capacitive invalidation when the measured active power and reactive power are out of the range 1, or when the measured active power and reactive power are out of the range 2. The adjustment device 16 is controlled so that the electric power decreases.

  More specifically, the adjustment device control unit 17b adjusts the reactive power by the adjustment device 16 so that the values of the active power and the reactive power are “out of range 1 and in range 2”. Determine the amount (increase / decrease amount). Then, the output unit 17c shown in FIG. 2 transmits a control signal based on the adjustment amount determined by the adjustment device control unit 17b to the adjustment device 16, and the adjustment device 16 that has received the control signal from the output unit 17c includes the switch S1. ~ S3 ON / OFF operation control is performed.

  Here, the adjustment amount of the capacitive reactive power by the adjustment device 16 is determined by, for example, the input pattern of the switches S1 to S3 shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an example of the adjustment amount of the capacitive reactive power by the adjustment device.

  In the example illustrated in FIG. 4, the input patterns (CN) of the switches S1 to S3 are classified into eight patterns “0 to 7”. First, “CN: 0” is a state in which all the switches S1 to S3 are released (OFF), and indicates a state in which the reactive power is not adjusted (hereinafter may be referred to as CMIN). “CN: 1” is a state in which only the switch S1 is turned on, “CN: 2” is a state in which only the switch S2 is turned on, and “CN: 3” is a state in which only the switch S3 is turned on. It is the state that was done.

  “CN: 4” is a state in which the switch S1 and the switch S2 are turned on, “CN: 5” is a state in which the switch S1 and the switch S3 are turned on, and “CN: 6” In this state, S2 and switch S3 are turned on. “CN: 7” is a state in which all of the switches S1 to S3 are turned on, and a state in which the capacitive reactive power by the adjustment device 16 is increased to the maximum (hereinafter, may be referred to as CMAX). Show.

  Here, the capacitances of the capacitors C1 to C3 of the adjustment device 16 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are “C1 <C2 <C3”, and the increase amount of the capacitive reactive power by the adjustment device 16 is “CN: As the input pattern changes from “0” to “CN: 7”, it increases.

  That is, the increase / decrease value of the reactive power by the adjustment device 16 is a value limited by the sum of the capacities of the capacitors C1 to C3. Therefore, the adjustment device control unit 17b executes the reactive power adjustment within a predetermined adjustment amount. The amount of increase or decrease in reactive power by the adjusting device 16 can be arbitrarily set by the administrator of the power supply system by adjusting the number of capacitors and the capacity of each capacitor in the adjusting device 16.

  Using the setting information of the ranges 1 and 2 and the information on the adjustment amount of the capacitive reactive power by the adjusting device 16, the adjusting device control unit 17 b causes the adjusting device 16 to perform the above-described reactive power adjustment. Hereinafter, the processing content executed by the adjustment device control unit 17b will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining processing of the adjustment device control unit according to the first embodiment.

  As illustrated in FIG. 5, the isolated operation avoidance device 17 according to the first embodiment determines whether an isolated operation avoidance start request has been received in a state where the circuit breaker 12 is turned on (step S <b> 101). Here, when the independent operation avoidance start request has not been received (No at Step S101), the independent operation avoidance device 17 enters a standby state.

  On the other hand, when the independent operation avoidance start request is received (Yes at Step S101), the adjustment device control unit 17b outputs a control signal “CN = CMIN” to the adjustment device 16 via the output unit 17c (Step S102). ), The state of the active power and the reactive power in the distribution line 2 is acquired from the PQ measuring device 15 (step S103).

  And the adjustment apparatus control part 17b determines whether the value of the active power and reactive power which were acquired from the PQ measurement apparatus 15 exists in the range 1 (step S104). Here, when it is within the range 1 (Yes at Step S104), the adjustment device control unit 17b determines whether or not the switch-on pattern (CN) of the adjustment device 16 is smaller than CMAX (Step S105). When “CN <CMAX” is satisfied (Yes at Step S105), the adjustment device control unit 17b increments the input pattern by 1 and sets “CN = CN + 1” (Step S106), and controls the CN set at Step S106. The signal is output to the adjustment device 16 via the output unit 17c (step S110). Thereafter, the adjustment device control unit 17b returns to step S103 and acquires the active power and reactive power states in the distribution line 2.

  On the other hand, when “CN <CMAX” is not satisfied (No at Step S105), “CN = CMAX” is satisfied and the reactive power increase cannot be adjusted. Therefore, the adjustment device control unit 17b returns to Step S103, and the distribution line 2 The active power and reactive power status is acquired.

  When the values of the active power and reactive power acquired from the PQ measurement device 15 are not within the range 1 (No at Step S104), the adjustment device control unit 17b determines that the values of the active power and reactive power are within the range 2. It is determined whether or not there is (step S107). Here, when it exists in the range 2 (step S107 affirmation), the adjustment apparatus control part 17b returns to step S103, and acquires the state of the active power in the distribution line 2, and the reactive power.

  On the other hand, when the values of the active power and reactive power acquired from the PQ measuring device 15 are not within the range 2 (No in step S107), the adjustment device control unit 17b indicates that the switch-on pattern (CN) of the adjustment device 16 is from CMIN. It is determined whether or not it is larger (step S108). If “CN> CMIN” (step S108 affirmative), the insertion pattern is decreased by 1 and set to “CN = CN−1” (step S109), and step S109. The CN control signal set in step 1 is output to the adjustment device 16 via the output unit 17c (step S110). Thereafter, the adjustment device control unit 17b returns to step S103 and acquires the active power and reactive power states in the distribution line 2.

  On the other hand, when “CN> CMIN” is not satisfied (No at Step S108), “CN = CMIN” is satisfied and the reduction of reactive power cannot be adjusted. The active power and reactive power status is acquired.

  The above is the control flow of the control process of the adjustment device control unit 17b. Here, when the control flow shown in FIG. 5 is summarized, the adjustment device control unit 17b increases the CN by 1 when the values of the active power and the reactive power are within the range 1 and “CN <CMAX”. Then, the adjustment device 16 is caused to execute the reactive power increase adjustment. The adjustment device control unit 17b does not perform the adjustment control process when the values of the active power and the reactive power are outside the range 1 and inside the range 2. Further, the adjustment device control unit 17b reduces the CN by 1 when the values of the active power and the reactive power outside the range 1 are further outside the range 2 and “CN> CMIN”. The adjustment device 16 is caused to perform power reduction adjustment.

  In addition, in order to prevent the reactive power from being inadvertently increased in the distribution system when the values of the active power and the reactive power are within the range 1 and “CN = CMAX”, the adjustment device control unit 17b The adjustment control process is not performed. In addition, when the values of the active power and the reactive power are outside the range 2 and “CN = CMIN”, the adjustment device control unit 17b does not inadvertently reduce the reactive power in the distribution system. The adjustment control process is not performed.

  By performing the control flow as described above, the values of the active power and the reactive power in the distribution line 2 are always out of the range 1, and the occurrence of isolated operation is avoided regardless of when the breaker 12 is released at any time. It becomes possible to do. In addition, by setting the range 2 together with the range 1, it is possible to provide a width in the range in which the increase or decrease in reactive power is started, and reduce unnecessary operations for increasing or decreasing the reactive power in the vicinity of the boundary of the range 1. It becomes possible. As a result, for example, when the reactive power is increased or decreased by switch operation control as in the first embodiment, the number of switch operations can be reduced, and the life of the switch is extended.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the states of active power and reactive power when the isolated operation avoidance device is not installed in the power supply system, and FIG. 7 is the case where the isolated operation avoidance device is installed in the power supply system. It is a figure for demonstrating the state of active power and reactive power. Specifically, FIG. 6 shows active power (P) and reactive power (Q) in the case where photovoltaic power generation, which is the distributed power source 4, is connected to a number of distribution lines 2 in a state where the isolated operation avoidance device 17 is not installed. ) And the measured values are plotted. Moreover, FIG. 7 shows the active power (P) and reactive power (Q) when the photovoltaic power generation that is the distributed power source 4 is connected to the multiple distribution lines 2 with the isolated operation avoidance device 17 installed. The measured values are plotted.

  When the isolated operation avoidance device is not installed in the power supply system, as shown in FIG. 6, (P, Q) exists in the range 1, and the isolated operation occurs when the circuit breaker 12 is released. It turns out that there is a possibility. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7, when the isolated operation avoidance device 17 is installed in the power supply system, (P, Q) existing in the range 1 moves to the outside of the range 1. Since (P, Q) does not exist within the range 1, even if the circuit breaker 12 is released, the isolated operation is avoided.

  Here, the setting method of the range 1 will be described again with reference to FIGS. 8 to 11 are diagrams for explaining a setting method of the range 1.

  In the first embodiment, the range 1 is set as an isolated operation generation range as described above. Specifically, when the same type of distributed power supply 4 is connected to the distribution line 2, the isolated operation generation range is standardized by the rated capacity of the same type of distributed power supply alone as shown in FIG. It is determined within the capacity of the distribution line 2 by using a range determined by multiplying the “distributed power generation range of the distributed power supply” by the “distributed power supply total capacity linked to the distribution line 2”.

  In addition, the isolated operation generation range is as follows. When a plurality of different types of distributed power sources 4 are connected to the distribution line 2, as shown in FIG. 9, each isolated operation standardized with the rated capacity of each type of distributed power source alone. It is determined from the range determined by the union of the generation ranges. That is, the isolated operation generation range is determined using a range determined by multiplying the range determined by the union by the total distributed power source capacity linked to the distribution line 2.

  As described above, the isolated operation generation range includes the types of the distributed power supply 4, the isolated operation generation range of each of the various distributed power sources 4, and the total of the various distributed power sources 4 even when the plurality of distributed power sources 4 are connected to the distribution line 2. Set by capacity.

  It is difficult for the isolated operation generation range set by such a method to be simplified and represented by a circle as shown in FIG. Thus, in the first embodiment, the approximate operation of the isolated operation generation range is performed. Specifically, the isolated operation generation range is approximately set as a polygon as shown in FIG. Thereby, the isolated operation range having a complicated shape can be set as a range surrounded by a straight line. As a result, the adjusting device control unit 17b has the measured (P, Q) position outside the range 1. It can be easily determined whether or not there is.

  Furthermore, the isolated operation occurrence range may be approximated as a polygon represented as a triangular union as shown in FIG. Thereby, the isolated operation generation range approximated to a polygon can be further divided by a plurality of triangles surrounded by a straight line. As a result, the adjustment device control unit 17b has a position (P, Q) in the range. It becomes possible to more easily perform the process of determining whether or not it is outside of 1 using each triangle.

  Returning to FIG. 2, the control operation switching unit 17 d controls the adjustment device control unit 17 b so as to stop the control operation on the adjustment device 16 after confirming no voltage of the distribution line 2 when the circuit breaker 12 is released. Then, the control operation switching unit 17d confirms that the voltage of the distribution line 2 becomes a predetermined voltage when the circuit breaker 12 is turned on again, and then restarts the control operation for the adjustment device 16 so as to resume the adjustment device control unit 17b. To control. Hereinafter, the process of the control operation switching unit 17d will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining processing of the control operation switching unit.

  As illustrated in FIG. 12, the control operation switching unit 17d determines whether the circuit breaker 12 has been released from the information received by the input unit 17a (step S201). Here, when the circuit breaker 12 is not released (No at Step S201), the control operation switching unit 17d enters a standby state, and the control flow of the adjustment device control unit 17b described with reference to FIG. 5 is continued.

  On the other hand, when the circuit breaker 12 is released (No at Step S201), the control operation switching unit 17d performs control to stop the control flow of the adjustment device control unit 17b (Step S202). Then, the control operation switching unit 17d determines whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed (step S203). Here, when the predetermined time has not elapsed (No at Step S203), the control operation switching unit 17d enters a standby state.

  On the other hand, when the predetermined time has elapsed (Yes at Step S203), the control operation switching unit 17d receives the voltage value in the distribution line 2 measured by the voltage sensor 14 from the input unit 17a, and refers to the received voltage value. Then, it is determined whether or not the distribution line 2 has no voltage (step S204). Here, when the distribution line 2 is not in a no-voltage state (No at Step S204), the control operation switching unit 17d performs the determination process at Step S203 again.

  On the other hand, when the distribution line 2 is in a no-voltage state (Yes at Step S204), the control operation switching unit 17d performs control so as to stop the output of the control signal from the output unit 17c (Step 205). Thereby, the reactive power adjustment control of the adjustment device 16 by the adjustment device control unit 17b is completely stopped. That is, S1 to S3 are all turned OFF after no voltage is applied, and the reactive power adjustment control of the adjustment device 16 is stopped.

  Thereafter, the control operation switching unit 17d determines whether or not the circuit breaker 12 has been turned on from the information received by the input unit 17a (step S206). Here, when the circuit breaker 12 is not turned on (No at Step S206), the control operation switching unit 17d enters a standby state.

  On the other hand, when the circuit breaker 12 is turned on (Yes at Step S206), the control operation switching unit 17d receives the voltage value in the distribution line 2 measured by the voltage sensor 14 from the input unit 17a, and refers to the received voltage value. Then, it is determined whether or not the distribution line 2 has reached a predetermined voltage (step S207). Here, when the distribution line 2 is not at the predetermined voltage (No at Step S207), the control operation switching unit 17d continues the determination process at Step S207.

  On the other hand, when the distribution line 2 becomes a predetermined voltage (Yes at Step S207), the control operation switching unit 17d performs control so that the control flow shown in FIG. 5, that is, the process of Step S103 shown in FIG. 5 is resumed. To do.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, the adjustment device control unit 17b is measured when the active power and reactive power of the distribution line 2 measured by the PQ measuring device 15 are within the range 1. The adjustment amount by the adjustment device 16 that adjusts the reactive power is controlled on the consumer side of the circuit breaker 12 on the distribution line 2 so that the reactive power is out of the range 1. In other words, according to the first embodiment, the active power and reactive power of the distribution line 2 can be obtained by setting the range 1 as a range where the distributed power supply 4 and the load 3 connected to the distribution line are balanced and the single operation occurs. Is maintained outside the range 1, and the output power of the distributed power supply 4 and the power consumption of the load 3 are not balanced. As a result, according to the first embodiment, it is possible to avoid an isolated operation that may occur when the distributed power supply is connected to the power distribution system.

  Further, according to the first embodiment, the adjustment device control unit 17b determines that the measured invalidity when the active power and reactive power measured by the distribution line 2 are outside the range 2 including the range 1. The reactive power adjustment amount by the adjustment device 16 is controlled so that the electric power is within the range 2. That is, according to the first embodiment, by setting the range 2 together with the range 1, it is possible to provide a range in a range where the increase or decrease of the reactive power is started, and the increase or decrease of the reactive power near the boundary of the range 1 It is possible to reduce unnecessary operations. Thus, for example, when the reactive power is increased or decreased by switch operation control as in the first embodiment, the number of switch operations can be reduced, and the life of the switch is extended.

  Further, according to the first embodiment, when the adjusting device 16 adjusts the capacitive reactive power, the adjusting device control unit 17b determines that the capacity is increased when the measured active power and reactive power are within the range 1. The adjustment device 16 is controlled so that the reactive power of the power increases. Further, according to the first embodiment, the adjustment device control unit 17b determines that the active power and reactive power measured by the distribution line are in the range 2 when the measured active power and reactive power are out of the range 1. When it becomes outside, the adjusting device 16 is controlled so that the capacitive reactive power is reduced. Therefore, according to the first embodiment, by using the adjustment device 16 having a simple configuration using a capacitor, it is possible to achieve avoidance of an isolated operation at a low cost.

  Further, according to the first embodiment, the adjustment device control unit 17b performs control so that the reactive power adjustment in the adjustment device 16 is performed within a predetermined adjustment amount range. Therefore, according to the first embodiment, the amount of increase and decrease in reactive power can be limited, and an appropriate amount of reactive power generated can be set in the operation of the distribution system.

  In addition, according to the first embodiment, the range 1 is a range that coincides with the isolated operation generation range determined by the values of the active power and the reactive power generated by the isolated operation in the distribution line 2. Can be avoided.

  Further, according to the first embodiment, the range 1 (independent operation generation range) is standardized by the rated capacity of the same type of distributed power source when a plurality of the same type of distributed power sources are connected to the distribution line 2. The range determined by multiplying the total range by the total capacity of the distributed power source connected to the distribution line is determined from the range of isolated operation of the distributed power source alone to the range of isolated operation of the distribution line 2 It becomes possible to set accurately.

  Moreover, according to Example 1, range 1 (single operation generation range) was standardized by the rated capacity of each type of distributed power source when a plurality of different types of distributed power sources are connected to distribution line 2. Since the range determined by multiplying the range determined by the union of each isolated operation generation range by the total capacity of the distributed power sources connected to the distribution line is determined, a plurality of types of distributed power sources 4 are distributed. Even in the case of linking to 2, it is possible to accurately set the isolated operation generation range.

  Moreover, according to Example 1, since the range 1 (single operation generation range) is approximated to a polygon, the single operation generation range of the distribution line 2 having a complicated shape is set as a range surrounded by a straight line. As a result, the adjustment device control unit 17b can easily determine whether or not the measured position (P, Q) is outside the range 1.

  In addition, according to the first embodiment, the range 1 (single operation generation range) is approximated to a polygon represented as a union of triangles. Therefore, the single operation generation range approximated to a polygon is further represented by a straight line. As a result, the adjustment device control unit 17b further determines whether or not the position of (P, Q) is outside the range 1 by using each triangle. It can be easily performed.

  Moreover, according to Example 1, according to the instruction | indication of the control operation switching part 17d, the adjustment apparatus control part 17b confirms the no-voltage of the distribution line 2 at the time of release | release of the circuit breaker 12, Then, control operation with respect to the adjustment apparatus 16 is performed. When the circuit breaker 12 is turned on again, after confirming that the voltage of the distribution line 2 has reached a predetermined voltage, the control operation for the adjusting device 16 is resumed. Therefore, according to the first embodiment, when the circuit breaker 12 is released, after confirming the no-voltage of the distribution line 2, the control is stopped, so that the isolated operation avoidance state is maintained, while the circuit breaker 12 is turned on. After confirming that the voltage of the distribution line 2 has been restored, the control can be resumed to continue the isolated operation avoidance state. As a result, the adjustment device 16 is not required during the release of the circuit breaker 12. It is possible to avoid operating.

  In the first embodiment, the case where the adjustment amount control for the adjustment device 16 is executed regardless of the state of the breaker 12 has been described. However, in the second embodiment, the adjustment amount control for the adjustment device 16 is performed by releasing the breaker 12. The case where it is sometimes executed will be described.

  The isolated operation avoidance device 17 according to the second embodiment has the same configuration as the isolated operation avoidance device according to the first embodiment described with reference to FIG. 2, but the content of the control processing of the adjustment device control unit 17 b is the first embodiment. And different. Hereinafter, this will be mainly described.

  The adjustment device control unit 17b according to the second embodiment is based on active power and reactive power sequentially measured by the PQ measurement device 15 when the circuit breaker 12 is in the on state according to an instruction from the control operation switching unit 17d. Thus, the adjustment amount for controlling the adjustment device 16 is sequentially calculated. Then, the adjustment device control unit 17b according to the second embodiment controls the adjustment device 16 with the adjustment amount calculated immediately before the release of the circuit breaker 12 immediately after the release of the circuit breaker 12, according to the instruction from the control operation switching unit 17d. To do.

  Details of this processing will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 13 is a flowchart for explaining processing of the adjustment device control unit according to the second embodiment.

  As illustrated in FIG. 13, the isolated operation avoidance device 17 according to the second embodiment determines whether an isolated operation avoidance start request has been received in a state where the circuit breaker 12 is turned on (step S <b> 301). Here, when the independent operation avoidance start request has not been received (No at Step S301), the independent operation avoidance device 17 enters a standby state.

  On the other hand, when the independent operation avoidance start request is received (Yes at Step S301), the adjustment device control unit 17b outputs a control signal “CN = CMIN” to the adjustment device 16 via the output unit 17c (Step S302). ), The status of active power and reactive power in the distribution line 2 is acquired from the PQ measuring device 15 (step S303).

  And the adjustment apparatus control part 17b adds the adjustment amount calculated in step S311 mentioned later to the state quantity of the active power and the reactive power acquired from the PQ measurement apparatus 15 (step S304).

  Thereafter, the adjustment device control unit 17b determines whether or not the addition result calculated in step S304 is within the range 1 (step S305). Here, when it is within the range 1 (Yes at Step S305), the adjustment device control unit 17b determines whether the switch-on pattern (CN) of the adjustment device 16 is smaller than CMAX (Step S306), and “CN < If “CMAX” (Yes in step S306), the input pattern is incremented by 1 and set to “CN = CN + 1” (step S307), and the adjustment amount based on the CN set in step S307 is calculated (step S311).

  And the adjustment apparatus control part 17b determines whether the circuit breaker 12 was released (step S312), and when the circuit breaker 12 is not released (step S312 negative), it returns to step S302 and the distribution line 2 The active power and reactive power status is acquired.

  On the other hand, when the circuit breaker 12 is released (Yes at Step S312), the adjustment device control unit 17b causes the output device 17c to output a control signal based on the adjustment amount calculated at Step S312 to the adjustment device 16 (Step S312). S313), the process ends.

  When the addition result calculated in step S304 is not in the range 1 (No in step S305), the adjustment device control unit 17b determines whether the addition result is in the range 2 (step S308). Here, when it is within the range 2 (Yes at Step S308), the adjustment device control unit 17b performs the determination process at Step S312.

  On the other hand, when the addition result calculated in step S304 is not within the range 2 (No in step S308), the adjustment device control unit 17b determines whether the switch-on pattern (CN) of the adjustment device 16 is greater than CMIN. (Step S309) If “CN> CMIN” (Yes in Step S309), the insertion pattern is decreased by 1 and set to “CN = CN−1” (Step S310), and based on the CN set in Step S310. An adjustment amount is calculated (step S311). And the adjustment apparatus control part 17b performs the determination process of step S312.

  On the other hand, when “CN> CMIN” is not satisfied (No at Step S309), the adjustment device control unit 17b performs the determination process at Step S312.

  As described above, according to the second embodiment, since the adjusting device 16 is operated immediately after the circuit breaker 12 is released, the reactive power and the active power can be set to arbitrary amounts in the normal operation before the circuit breaker 12 is released. Therefore, in the introduction of the isolated operation avoidance device 17, the distribution line 2 can be operated without restricting the reactive power and the active power passing through the circuit breaker 12. That is, according to the second embodiment, it is possible to avoid the isolated operation even when the reactive power adjustment becomes a problem in the operation of the distribution line 2.

  In the above-described first and second embodiments, the case where the adjustment device 16 is a device that adjusts capacitive reactive power has been described. However, in the present invention, the adjustment device 16 adjusts inductive reactive power using a reactor. Even if it is an apparatus, it is applicable. In such a case, the adjustment device control unit 17b controls the adjustment amount (inductance) of the inductive reactive power by the adjustment device 16 so that the isolated operation is avoided. Specifically, the adjustment device control unit 17b controls the adjustment device 16 so that the inductive reactive power increases when the measured active power and reactive power are within the range 1. In addition, the adjustment device control unit 17b determines inductive invalidity when measured active power and reactive power are out of range 1, or when measured active power and reactive power are out of range 2. The adjustment device 16 is controlled so that the electric power decreases.

  Further, in the above-described first and second embodiments, the case where the isolated operation generation range is set as the range 1 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. That is, the present invention may be a case where the range including the isolated operation occurrence range is set as the range 1. Specifically, the present invention may be a case where the range 1 is set wider than the isolated operation generation range. By setting the range including the isolated operation generation range as range 1, for example, it is possible to reliably respond to an output change of the distributed power supply 4 and avoid the occurrence of isolated operation.

  In the first and second embodiments, the case where the adjustment device 16 is a device that adjusts reactive power has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. That is, the present invention may be a case where the adjustment device 16 is a device that adjusts the active power, for example, a charging device such as a battery. In such a case, the adjustment device control unit 17b controls charging and discharging of the adjustment device 16. That is, the adjustment device control unit 17b outputs a control signal for controlling charging / discharging of the adjustment device 16 from the output unit 17c, thereby adjusting the increase / decrease amount of the active power so that the values of the active power and the reactive power are outside the range 1. Control to be

  In the first and second embodiments, the case where the adjusting device 16 is installed on the customer side of the circuit breaker 12 in the distribution substation 1 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Absent. That is, according to the present invention, the adjustment device 16 to be controlled by the adjustment device control unit 17b is a device that adjusts active power or reactive power installed in a consumer, or active power or reactive power installed in the distribution line 2. It may be a case of a device for adjusting power. Specifically, the adjusting device 16 is a power factor improving capacitor installed at a consumer, a device that adjusts the active power or reactive power of the load 3, or the active power or reactive power of the distributed power source 4. Or a device for adjusting the active power or reactive power of an electric vehicle linked to the distribution line 2 may be used.

  Further, the adjusting device 16 is a capacitor, a reactor, a static reactive power compensator (SVC), a self-excited reactive power compensator (STATCOM), a loop controller (LPC), or the like installed in the distribution line 2. There may be some cases. By substituting such a device as the adjustment device 16 to be controlled by the adjustment device control unit 17b, adjustment amount control processing can be performed without introducing new equipment to the distribution substation 1, so that electric power that can avoid isolated operation Construction of the supply system can be realized at a lower cost.

  In the first and second embodiments, the case where the PQ measuring device 15 is installed independently of the isolated operation avoidance device 17 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. That is, the present invention may be a case where the PQ measurement device 15 is incorporated in the isolated operation avoidance device 17.

  In addition, among the processes described in this embodiment, all or part of the processes described as being performed automatically can be performed manually, or the processes described as being performed manually can be performed. All or a part can be automatically performed by a known method. In addition, the processing procedure, control procedure, specific name, and information including various data and parameters shown in the above-described document and drawings can be arbitrarily changed unless otherwise specified.

  Further, each component of each illustrated apparatus is functionally conceptual, and does not necessarily need to be physically configured as illustrated. In other words, the specific form of distribution / integration of each device is not limited to that shown in the figure, and all or a part thereof may be functionally or physically distributed or arbitrarily distributed in arbitrary units according to various loads or usage conditions. Can be integrated and configured. Further, all or any part of each processing function performed in each device may be realized by a CPU and a program analyzed and executed by the CPU, or may be realized as hardware by wired logic.

  The isolated operation avoidance method described in the present embodiment can be realized by executing a prepared isolated operation avoidance program on a computer such as a personal computer or a workstation. This program can be distributed via a network such as the Internet. The program can also be executed by being recorded on a computer-readable recording medium such as a hard disk, a flexible disk (FD), a CD-ROM, an MO, and a DVD and being read from the recording medium by the computer.

  As described above, the isolated operation avoidance device, the isolated operation avoidance method, and the isolated operation avoidance program according to the present invention are useful when the distributed power source is connected to the distribution system, and in particular, the distributed power source is connected to the distribution system. It is suitable for avoiding islanding that may occur when connected.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Substation for power distribution 11 Substation transformer 12 Circuit breaker 13 Current sensor 14 Voltage sensor 15 PQ measuring device 16 Adjustment device 17 Isolated operation avoidance device 17a Input unit 17b Adjustment device control unit 17c Output unit 17d Control operation switching unit 2 Distribution line 3 Load 4 Distributed power supply

Claims (15)

Obtain power by supplying power from distribution substations to consumers. The active power and reactive power measured by the distribution lines connected to the distributed power supply are obtained by approximating the range including the isolated operation occurrence range in the distributed power supply. when it becomes a polygonal in shape, which is, as the measured active power or reactive power is the polygonal outer adjusts the effective power or reactive power in the consumer side of the circuit breaker in the power distribution line An isolated operation avoidance device comprising a control means for controlling an adjustment amount by the adjustment device. When the active power and reactive power measured by the distribution line are outside the second predetermined range including the polygon , the control means determines that the measured active power or reactive power is the first power. 2. The isolated operation avoidance device according to claim 1, wherein an adjustment amount of active power or reactive power by the adjustment device is controlled so as to be within a predetermined range of 2. When the adjustment device performs capacitive reactive power adjustment,
The control means controls the adjustment device so that capacitive reactive power increases when active power and reactive power measured in the distribution line are within the polygon , If the active and reactive power measured Te becomes the polygonal outer alone according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the controller controls the adjusting device as a capacitive reactive power is decreased Driving avoidance device.   The control means controls the adjustment device so that capacitive reactive power is reduced when active power and reactive power measured by the distribution line are out of the second predetermined range. The isolated driving avoidance device according to claim 3. When the adjustment device adjusts inductive reactive power,
The control means controls the adjusting device so that inductive reactive power increases when active power and reactive power measured in the distribution line are within the polygon , alone according to claim 1 or 2 active and reactive power measured is when it becomes to the polygonal outer, reactive power inducibility and controls the adjustment device to reduce Te Driving avoidance device.   The control means controls the adjustment device so that inductive reactive power decreases when active power and reactive power measured by the distribution line are out of the second predetermined range. The isolated driving avoidance device according to claim 5.   The isolated operation avoidance according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the control means performs control so that the adjustment of the reactive power in the adjustment device is executed within a range of a predetermined adjustment amount. apparatus. If the same type of distributed power source is connected to the distribution line, the isolated operation generation range is linked to the distribution line within the range standardized by the rated capacity of the same type of distributed power source. 2. The isolated operation avoidance device according to claim 1 , wherein the single operation avoidance device is determined using a range determined by multiplying the total distributed power source capacity. The isolated operation generation range is a range determined by the union of each isolated operation generation range standardized by the rated capacity of each type of distributed power supply when a plurality of different types of distributed power supplies are connected to the distribution line. The isolated operation avoidance device according to claim 1 , wherein the isolated operation avoidance device is determined by using a range determined by multiplying a total distributed power capacity connected to the distribution line. The isolated driving avoidance device according to claim 1 , wherein the polygon is a polygon represented as a union of triangles. The control means is an adjustment device that adjusts active power or reactive power installed in the distribution substation, an adjustment device that adjusts active power or reactive power installed in the consumer, or the distribution line. islanding avoidance device according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that to control the adjustment device to adjust the active power or reactive power installed in. The control means stops the control operation for the adjusting device after confirming no voltage of the distribution line when the circuit breaker is released, and the voltage of the distribution line becomes a predetermined voltage when the circuit breaker is turned on again. The isolated operation avoidance device according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , wherein the control operation for the adjustment device is resumed after confirming that the adjustment has been completed. The control means sequentially calculates an adjustment amount for controlling the adjustment device based on active power and reactive power sequentially measured on the distribution line when the circuit breaker is in an on state, immediately after release of the circuit breaker, independent operation avoidance device according to any one of claims 1 to 1 2, wherein the controller controls the adjusting device by the adjustment amount calculated to release immediately before the breaker. Obtain power by supplying power from distribution substations to consumers. The active power and reactive power measured by the distribution lines connected to the distributed power supply are obtained by approximating the range including the isolated operation occurrence range in the distributed power supply. when it becomes a polygonal in shape, which is, as the measured active power or reactive power is the polygonal outer adjusts the effective power or reactive power in the consumer side of the circuit breaker in the power distribution line An isolated operation avoidance method comprising a control step of controlling an adjustment amount by an adjustment device. Obtain power by supplying power from distribution substations to consumers. The active power and reactive power measured by the distribution lines connected to the distributed power supply are obtained by approximating the range including the isolated operation occurrence range in the distributed power supply. when it becomes a polygonal in shape, which is, as the measured active power or reactive power is the polygonal outer adjusts the effective power or reactive power in the consumer side of the circuit breaker in the power distribution line An isolated operation avoidance program for causing a computer to execute a control procedure for controlling an adjustment amount by an adjustment device.

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