JP5581052B2 - 医療デバイス - Google Patents
医療デバイス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5581052B2 JP5581052B2 JP2009528783A JP2009528783A JP5581052B2 JP 5581052 B2 JP5581052 B2 JP 5581052B2 JP 2009528783 A JP2009528783 A JP 2009528783A JP 2009528783 A JP2009528783 A JP 2009528783A JP 5581052 B2 JP5581052 B2 JP 5581052B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- implant
- infection
- power source
- wireless transmission
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- A61B5/0031—Implanted circuitry
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
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- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
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- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
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- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
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- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Description
臨床的に、患者は、休息時および活動時の両方で、インプラント近傍の赤み、腫れ、圧痛を伴う増大する痛みに気づくことがある。採点法が、患者の証言を定量化するのに使用されてきた。特に、マッギール疼痛質問表(MPQ)は、痛みの3つの主要な精神的な大きさ、感覚の区別、情動の動機付けおよび評価的な認識を使用して、患者の主観的な痛みの経験を測定する(非特許文献9)。このような証言は、信頼できず、間違いやすいことは明白である。
植え込み後の一連の放射線検査は、有益であり得るが、感染を診断するのに感度が高くなく、的確でもない(非特許文献10)。2mmを超える連続する放射線透過ラインの急速な拡張、または最初の年の内の複数の病巣の骨変性は、感染に関わることが多い。コンピュータ断層撮影法(CT)および磁気共鳴映像法(MRI)は、代替の撮像技術である。CTおよびMRIの主な欠点は、金属インプラント近傍での撮像妨害である。陽電子射出断層撮影法(PET)は、インプラント撮像に関してさらに評価を必要とする。
赤血球沈降速度、C-反応性タンパク質(CRP)血清レベル、および白血球数は、人工器官周辺の感染を診断するのに日常的に使用される(非特許文献12)。血液白血球計数および分画は、感染の有無を予測するのに十分に差別的ではない(非特許文献13)。手術後、C-反応性タンパク質(CRP)レベルは、上昇し、数週間以内に通常に戻る。したがって、手術後の期間において、繰り返し測定することは、単一回の値と比べてより有益である。
滑液流体白血球計数および分画は、人工関節に関する感染を、無菌処置の不履行と区別するための試験である。微小透析プローブを使用して、感染箇所で細胞外流体の微小な試料を取り出すことができる。試料の分析は、インプラント感染に応答する初期の兆候を示すことができるサイトカインなど多様な化学マーカーの存在および量を検知することができる。この技術の限界は、それが、比較的回避的手順であり、理想的な感度および特異性を有さない点である。
人工器官周辺組織生検の病理組織検査は、インプラント感染を評価するための回避的技法である。一般に、それは80%より劣る感度、および90%より劣る特異性を実証する(非特許文献14)。しかしながら、炎症細胞による浸潤の度合いは、同一の患者からの種同士間で、個々の組織部分の中でさえ著しく変化し得る。病理組織検査の主たる限界は、それが、原因となる有機体、すなわち、適切な抗菌療法の選択における基本要素を識別しない点である。さらに、根源的な炎症関節疾患を有する患者からの組織の病理組織学の解釈は、困難な場合がある。
本発明の実施形態によるインプラントは、閉鎖ループシステムで以下の動作を行うように機器を備えたスマート整形外科人工股関節置換術(THR)である。(a)インプラント感染に関連するデータを感知し記憶する(例えば、温度、圧力、酸素消費およびペーハー)、(b)関節の感染に関する情報を処理するように特別に開発された外科的治療アルゴリズムを使用して、感知データに応答して患者/臨床医が行動を要求されるかどうかを決定するためのインテリジェンスを適用する、(c)差し迫る感染を臨床医に警告するために、遠隔測定中継局を作動させ、彼/彼女が、バイオフィルムを撲滅させ、抗生物質療法の送達を高めるために破壊療法を適用することを可能にする。
本発明の実施形態によるインプラント感染を早期に監視するためのインプラント/システムが、図1および2に概略的に示される。図1は、センサを備えるインプラントを示す。図2は、センサと、破壊剤の形態の抗菌手段とを備えるインプラントを示す。インプラントは、バイオフィルム過程に関連する連続的な消去されないデータを提供し、水性環境において機能することができ、試料の除去を必要とせず、凝集相内の有機体または汚染物質からの信号を最小限にし、リアルタイムデータを提供する。
本発明の実施形態によるインプラントは、バイオフィルム形成を阻止する/中断させる、表面から付着細菌を分散させる、およびそれらの多細胞構造を破壊するために、機械的(例えば、超音波、音波、衝撃波)、電気的(電圧、電解)、または生物/化学的(例えば、酵素処理)刺激を与えるために、インテリジェント微小電気機械システム(MEMS)デバイスを使用する。これらのインテリジェントデバイスの作動は、臨床医の直接の制御下であってよく、植え込み可能であるか、外部から装着されるかのどちらかのデバイスであってよい。これらの破壊療法は、予防の抗生物質と併せて使用されてよく、その有効性/作用状態を向上させる。
本発明によるインプラントおよびシステムは、初期の細菌感染の診断および治療、ならびに遠隔測定中継局を介して患者と医師にフィードバックを提供することが可能である。人工関節の感染の外科的な治療アルゴリズムを強調するフローチャートが、図3に示される。本発明は、オンボードセンサの配列によって作成された測定値に応じて、患者の中に配置した後インプラントを修正するためのフィードバックループと、手段とを提供する。対象とするパラメータは、それらが、患者または臨床医のどちらかによって解釈され得るような方法でアルゴリズムによって処理される。センサからのフィードバックは、現在の診断方法よりさらに適時な様式で、臨床医に何らかの行動が要求されるかどうかを警告する。臨床医は、次いで、インプラント抗菌手段(例えば、オンボード破壊療法)を作動させることによって、感知データに対して行動するかどうかを決定し、感染を根絶するためにより回避的処置が要求される際、同時に抗生物質を投与することができる。治療アルゴリズムはまた、破壊療法が予防として適用される場合の患者の高いリスクを考慮する。
感染性の緩みは、手術の指標の後、またはその15年から20年後に生じる場合がある。したがって、システムが、長期間にわたって機能することが重要である。電力管理戦略は、植え込まれた電源、例えば、電池を含んでよい、または振動を動力とした圧電発電機または電磁発動機および関連する電荷蓄積デバイスなど、エネルギースカベンジングデバイスを使用してよい。電源の他の形態は、誘導式に結合されたシステム、または高周波(RF)電磁場を含んでよい。また、単一回の測定を行い、続いて結果を処理し伝達するために、蓄積デバイスを十分なエネルギーで充電する(誘導/RF結合または内部エネルギースカベンジングのいずれかによって)ことが可能であり得る。
本発明によるインプラントおよびシステムは、医師または看護人が、インプラントと遠隔式に相互作用するために監視または使用することができるPDA、電話システムデバイスなどのデバイスによって利用可能なインターネットまたはコンピュータなど、遠隔式データ記録システムに患者を接続するのに使用されてよい。
本発明によるインプラントおよびシステムは、ジグビー、ブルートゥースまたは高周波(RF)など利用可能な技術を使用する無線通信によって、記録された情報を伝送する能力を有する。ジグビーは、無線パーソナルエリアネットワーク(WPAN)用に設計された高レベル伝達プロトコールの公表仕様セットである。ブルートゥースは、無線デバイス同士で短距離伝達を容易にする技術的業界基準である。RFは、電磁波を使用して、約0.1MHzを超える周波数の信号を使用してデータを送受信する無線通信技術である。
本発明の一実施形態により、遠隔測定整形外科インプラントが提供される。インプラントは、インプラント感染に関する1セットの値を連続して測定し、次いで、負荷を支持するその一次機能を妨げることなく、それらをインプラントから読み取りデバイスへ伝送する。インプラントは、外科的挿入過程において、センサおよび導線を剥離による損傷から保護するために、0.5mmまでの厚みのくぼみを有して製作されてよい。センサは、エポキシ樹脂、ポリウレタン、紫外線硬化接着剤、および医療グレードのシアノアクリレートを含めた高い剛性範囲の接着剤を使用して、金属空隙の表面に固定されてよい。これらの固定法は、センサの性能に悪影響を与えない。
単独の希釈剤中で音波処理、
4μg/mlトブラマイシンを含む希釈剤中での音波処理、および
10分間の希釈剤中で最初の音波処理、次いで4μg/mlのトブラマイシンの添加、その後静止状態に置かれた。
2 大腿骨構成要素
3 センサ
4 マイクロプロセッサ/アンテナ
5 寛骨臼
6 細菌フィルム
7 大腿骨
8 骨盤
9 プラスチックカップ人工器官
11 破壊剤
Claims (11)
- 骨に植え込まれるインプラントであって、
前記骨の中に位置付けられる機械手段であって、前記インプラントの表面に形成された微生物含有バイオフィルムを分解させ、劣化させ、又は侵食することができる機械手段を含む抗菌手段と、
前記抗菌手段を作動させるための作動手段と、
前記作動手段に電力を供給するための電源とを備えるインプラントにおいて、
前記作動手段が、前記抗菌手段を作動させるための無線伝達手段を備える、インプラント。 - 前記インプラントが、複数の抗菌手段を備える、請求項1に記載のインプラント。
- 前記抗菌手段が、衝撃波生成デバイス、音波処理デバイス、および静水圧デバイスからなる群から選択される、請求項1または2に記載のインプラント。
- 感染に関するパラメータを測定するセンサを備え、
前記無線伝達手段は、前記センサの出力を伝達し、前記電源が、前記センサおよび前記無線伝達手段に電力を供給する、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。 - 前記センサからの出力を処理するためのプロセッサをさらに備え、前記無線伝達手段が、前記プロセッサからの出力を伝達し、前記電源が、前記プロセッサに電力を供給する、請求項4に記載のインプラント。
- 前記センサからの出力および/または前記プロセッサからの出力を記憶するメモリ記憶装置をさらに備え、前記電源が、前記メモリ記憶装置に電力を供給する、請求項4または5に記載のインプラント。
- 前記インプラントが、複数のセンサを備える、請求項4から6のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 前記センサの少なくとも1つが、身体の現象を検知する、請求項4から7のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 前記センサが、温度センサ、圧力センサ、負荷センサ、抵抗センサ、電位センサ、酸素センサおよびペーハーセンサからなる群から選択される、請求項4から8のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 使用する際、前記無線伝達手段が、前記センサの出力を外部読み取りデバイスに伝達する、請求項4から9のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
- 前記電源が、電池、エネルギースカベンジングデバイス、振動を動力とした圧電発電機および関連する電荷蓄積デバイス、振動を動力とした電磁発電機および関連する電荷蓄積デバイス、誘導式に結合されたシステムおよび高周波結合からなる群から選択される、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載のインプラント。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB0618612.6A GB0618612D0 (en) | 2006-09-21 | 2006-09-21 | Medical device |
| GB0618612.6 | 2006-09-21 | ||
| PCT/GB2007/003587 WO2008035089A1 (en) | 2006-09-21 | 2007-09-21 | Medical device |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013146838A Division JP2013230390A (ja) | 2006-09-21 | 2013-07-12 | 医療デバイス |
Publications (2)
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| JP2010504124A JP2010504124A (ja) | 2010-02-12 |
| JP5581052B2 true JP5581052B2 (ja) | 2014-08-27 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009528783A Expired - Fee Related JP5581052B2 (ja) | 2006-09-21 | 2007-09-21 | 医療デバイス |
| JP2013146838A Pending JP2013230390A (ja) | 2006-09-21 | 2013-07-12 | 医療デバイス |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP2013146838A Pending JP2013230390A (ja) | 2006-09-21 | 2013-07-12 | 医療デバイス |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100204802A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2088960A1 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP5581052B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101573085A (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2007298793B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2664059A1 (ja) |
| GB (1) | GB0618612D0 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2008035089A1 (ja) |
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2006
- 2006-09-21 GB GBGB0618612.6A patent/GB0618612D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2007
- 2007-09-21 CN CNA2007800423678A patent/CN101573085A/zh active Pending
- 2007-09-21 US US12/441,632 patent/US20100204802A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-09-21 WO PCT/GB2007/003587 patent/WO2008035089A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-09-21 JP JP2009528783A patent/JP5581052B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-09-21 AU AU2007298793A patent/AU2007298793B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-09-21 EP EP07804353A patent/EP2088960A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-09-21 CA CA002664059A patent/CA2664059A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20100204802A1 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
| JP2013230390A (ja) | 2013-11-14 |
| CA2664059A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
| WO2008035089A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
| AU2007298793A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
| AU2007298793B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
| JP2010504124A (ja) | 2010-02-12 |
| GB0618612D0 (en) | 2006-11-01 |
| CN101573085A (zh) | 2009-11-04 |
| EP2088960A1 (en) | 2009-08-19 |
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