JP5595232B2 - Gas turbine and cooling method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a gas turbine that generates combustion gas from compressed air and is driven by the combustion gas.

  Conventionally, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for extracting air from a compressor and sending the air to a cooling target such as a turbine blade or a combustor in a gas turbine.

JP-A-5-59965

In the technique of the above-mentioned patent document 1, the programmable controller adjusts the opening degree of the cooling air flow rate control valve, controls the cooling air of the turbine blade that has been excessively supplied to an appropriate amount, and improves the performance of the gas turbine. Is.
Here, in the gas turbine technology as described above, a technology for increasing the output of the gas turbine is desired.

  Then, this invention aims at providing the gas turbine which can solve the above-mentioned subject.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a compressor that generates compressed air, a combustor that generates combustion gas from the compressed air, a turbine that is driven by the combustion gas, and a compressor that is extracted from the compressor . a bleed pipe and out feeding the first cooling air to the cooling target of the turbine or combustor, is provided in the extraction pipe, a first adjusting means for adjusting the flow rate of the first cooling air, the second cooling air to be stored Cooling air storage means connected to a connection pipe connected to the extraction pipe downstream of the flow of the first cooling air from the first adjustment means via second adjustment means for adjusting the flow rate of the output amount of , performs control to suppress the flow rate of the first cooling air by the first adjusting means so that the output increase is obtained based on the detection output increases demand, the cooling air storage hand by controlling the second adjusting means A gas turbine, characterized in that it comprises a control means for outputting the second cooling air to the bleed pipe to be stored in.

  Further, in the gas turbine described above, when the control unit detects an output increase request, the control unit detects a temperature at one or more predetermined locations of the combustor, a pressure at a predetermined location of the combustor, or an output value. The adjusting means is controlled by an opening based on a value obtained by any one or more of the above.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the gas turbine includes a second compressor connected to the extraction pipe and sending third cooling air to a cooling target of the turbine or the combustor.

The present invention also provides a compressor that generates compressed air, a combustor that generates combustion gas from the compressed air, a turbine that is driven by the combustion gas, and the first cooling air extracted from the compressor as the turbine or A bleed pipe for sending to the cooling target of the combustor, a first adjusting means provided in the bleed pipe for adjusting the flow rate of the first cooling air, and an adjustment of the flow rate of the output amount of the second cooling air stored Control of a gas turbine comprising: cooling air storage means connected to a connection pipe connected to the extraction pipe downstream of the flow of the first cooling air from the first adjustment means via second adjustment means to be performed Means for controlling the flow rate of the first cooling air by the first adjusting means so as to obtain an output increase based on the detection of the output increase request, and controlling the second adjusting means to control the cooling A cooling method and outputting the second cooling air to be stored in the air storage means to the extraction pipe.

  According to the present invention, when the flow rate of the cooling air is adjusted based on the output increase request and the flow rate of the cooling air is suppressed, a larger amount of the compressed air in the compressor can be sent to the combustor. it can. Therefore, by increasing the combustion gas, it is possible to increase the fuel whose input is controlled in accordance with the amount of the combustion gas, and thereby it is possible to temporarily increase the output of the gas turbine.

It is a schematic block diagram of the gas turbine by 1st Embodiment. It is a functional block diagram of a control device. It is a 1st figure which shows the control logic of the control valve of a control apparatus. It is a 2nd figure which shows the control logic of the control valve of a control apparatus. It is a 3rd figure which shows the control logic of the control valve of a control apparatus. It is a 4th figure which shows the control logic of the control valve of a control apparatus. It is a 1st schematic block diagram of the gas turbine by 2nd Embodiment. It is a 2nd schematic block diagram of the gas turbine by 2nd Embodiment. It is a 1st schematic block diagram of the gas turbine by 3rd Embodiment. It is a 2nd schematic block diagram of the gas turbine by 3rd Embodiment.

<First Embodiment>
Hereinafter, a gas turbine according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a gas turbine according to a first embodiment.
In this figure, reference numeral 1 is a compressor that generates compressed air, reference numeral 2 is a passenger compartment, reference numeral 3 is a combustor that generates combustion gas from the compressed air, reference numeral 4 is a turbine driven by the combustion gas, reference numerals 5a, 5b, Reference numeral 5c denotes an extraction pipe for sending the cooling air extracted from the compressor 1 to the turbine 4, and reference numeral 5d denotes the cooling air extracted from the compressor 1 to an object to be cooled (a rotor in this embodiment) of the combustor 3. Extraction piping. Reference numerals 6a, 6b, and 6c are control valves (adjusting means) that are provided in the extraction pipes 5a, 5b, and 5c, respectively, and reference numeral 6d is an extraction pipe 5d (hereinafter collectively referred to as the extraction pipe 5). A control valve (adjusting means) for adjusting the flow rate of the cooling air provided in the control valve 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d (hereinafter collectively referred to as the control valve 6) so as to obtain a temporary increase in output. Is a control device (control means) that performs control to suppress the flow rate of the cooling air. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 8 denotes a rotor that penetrates the compressor 1 and the turbine 4, and a generator 9 is connected to the rotor 8.

In such a gas turbine, the compressor 1 sucks and compresses air from the atmosphere to generate compressed air, and the combustor 3 mixes fuel with the compressed air generated by the compressor 1 to generate combustion gas. The turbine 4 is rotationally driven by the combustion gas generated by the combustor 3. Then, the rotor 8 rotates, and the generator 9 generates power based on this rotation.
In the present embodiment, one or a plurality of opening degrees of the control valves 6a to 6c for adjusting the flow rate of the cooling air for cooling the turbine blades and the control valve 6d for adjusting the flow rate of the cooling air for cooling the rotor 8 are used. The control device 7 adjusts one or both of the opening degrees.

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the control device.
As shown in this figure, the control device 7 acquires the values detected by the various sensors via signal lines, and calculates a parameter processing unit 71 that calculates parameters used for calculating the opening degree of the control valves 6a to 6d. One of the control valves 6a to 6d is opened based on the output from the storage unit 72 that stores information used to calculate the opening degree of the valves 6a to 6d, the control unit 73 that performs PID control, and the like. A valve opening degree adjusting unit 74 that notifies the corresponding control valve 6 via a signal line is provided.
As various sensors, there are a temperature sensor 10, a pressure sensor 11, an output value sensor 12, and the like, which are respectively provided at predetermined locations of the gas turbine.

FIG. 3 is a first diagram showing the control logic of the control valve of the control device.
As shown in FIG. 3, in the control device 7, the parameter processing unit 71 inputs a GT (gas turbine) output and a rotor temperature from the output value sensor 12 and the temperature sensor 10, and is stored in the storage unit 72. Is used to calculate a set temperature, and a parameter value of a difference between the set temperature value and the rotor temperature is calculated. Then, the control unit 73 inputs parameter values from the parameter processing unit 71 and reads the output increase request flag from the storage unit 72. If the output increase request flag (for example, “0” indicates no output request and “1” indicates an output request) is “1”, PID control is performed based on the input parameter value. The opening degrees of the valves 6 a to 6 d are calculated and output to the valve opening degree adjustment unit 74. When the output increase request flag is “0”, the control valves 6a to 6d are not adjusted for increasing the output, and the process is terminated.

The valve opening degree adjusting unit 74 normally turns off the opening degree command switch T, whereby the control valves 6a to 6d are fully opened. When the opening degree is input from the control unit 73, the valve opening degree adjustment unit 74 turns on the opening degree command switch T, whereby the opening degree command switch T is transferred to the control valves 6a to 6d to be controlled. The signal of the opening degree is output via the signal line. Thereby, control valve 6a-6d suppresses the opening degree of a valve to the opening degree which input the signal. Note that the control valves 6a to 6d may be shut-off valves that are fully opened or fully closed when the opening is indicated by a binary value ("0" or "1"). Further, the control device 7 may control ON / OFF of only the opening degree command switch T corresponding to only the control valves 6 a to 6 c for adjusting the flow rate of the cooling air of the turbine blades, or cooling the rotor 8. You may make it control only ON / OFF of the opening degree command switch T corresponding only to the control valve 6d which adjusts the flow volume of air. Further, ON / OFF of the opening degree command switch T corresponding to both the control valves 6a to 6c for adjusting the cooling air flow rate of the turbine blades and the control valve 6d for adjusting the cooling air flow rate of the rotor 8 is controlled simultaneously. It may be.

  Here, when the flow rate of the cooling air of the turbine blade is adjusted and the flow rate of the cooling air is suppressed, the compressed air in the compressor 1 can be sent to the combustor 3 correspondingly. Accordingly, the fuel that is controlled to be input according to the amount of the combustion gas can be increased by increasing the combustion gas, so that the output of the gas turbine can be increased.

FIG. 4 is a second diagram showing the control logic of the control valve of the control device.
As shown in FIG. 4, when the value calculated by the control unit 73 is equal to or lower than the lower limit value, the control device 7 controls the lower limiter that stops the output to the valve opening degree adjustment unit 74 after the PID control. You may make it prepare.
For example, by providing a lower limit limiter, it is possible to control the apparatus such as turbine blades so as not to be damaged by significantly reducing the flow rate of the cooling air. With such a mechanism, it is possible to provide a gas turbine that temporarily compensates for insufficient output.

FIG. 5 is a third diagram showing the control logic of the control valve of the control device.
As shown in FIG. 5, the control device 7 may adjust the opening of the control valve 6 based on the turbine-side extraction chamber pressure and the disk cavity temperature.
Specifically, the parameter processing unit 71 inputs the pressure in the turbine-side extraction chamber from the pressure sensor 11 and outputs it to the control unit 73. Further, the parameter processing unit 71 inputs the temperature of the disk cavity from the temperature sensor 10 and calculates the required cooling air amount using a predetermined function (FX). And the control part 73 calculates the opening degree of the control valves 6a-6d uniquely from the turbine side extraction chamber pressure input from the parameter process part 71, and required cooling air amount. For example, the opening degree is calculated by interpolation calculation from the correspondence relationship between each value of the turbine-side extraction chamber pressure, the required cooling air amount, and the opening degree value recorded in the storage unit 72.

FIG. 6 is a fourth diagram showing the control logic of the control valve of the control device.
As shown in FIG. 6, the control device 7 may adjust the opening of the control valve 6 based on the passenger compartment pressure and the output value of the gas turbine.
In this case, the parameter processing unit 71 inputs the pressure in the passenger compartment 2 from the pressure sensor 11 and outputs it to the control unit 73. Further, the parameter processing unit 71 inputs the value of the gas turbine output from the output value sensor 12, and calculates the required cooling air amount using a predetermined function (FX). And the control part 73 calculates the opening degree of the control valves 6a-6d uniquely from the vehicle interior pressure input from the parameter process part 71, and required cooling air amount. For example, the opening degree is calculated by interpolation calculation from the correspondence relationship between the values of the passenger compartment pressure, the required cooling air amount, and the opening degree values recorded in the storage unit 72.

<Second Embodiment>
FIG. 7 is a first schematic configuration diagram of a gas turbine according to the second embodiment.
As shown in this figure, the gas turbine includes tanks 13a to 13c (collectively referred to as tanks 13), which are cooling air storage means for storing cooling air flowing through the extraction pipes 5a to 5c, in the extraction pipes 5a to 5c, respectively. You may do it.
In the example of FIG. 7, tanks 13 a to 13 c are interposed downstream of the control valves 6 a to 6 c in the extraction pipes 5 a to 5 c. The tank 13 stores cooling air at a predetermined pressure.
In such a configuration, the control device 7 performs control to close the control valves 6 a to 6 c provided in the extraction pipes 5 a to 5 c on the compressor 1 side (upstream side) from the tank 13 in response to an output increase request. This increases the output of the gas turbine. At the same time, the control device 7 controls the tanks 13a to 13c to open the control valves 6e, 6f and 6g provided on the extraction pipes 5e, 5f and 5g on the turbine 4 side (downstream side) from the tanks 13a to 13c. The cooling air stored in 13c can be extracted to the turbine 4.
Thereby, the output of the gas turbine can be increased and the cooling air can be sent to the turbine 4. In the extraction pipe 5d for sending the cooling air to the rotor 8, the tank 13 and the control valve 6 may be interposed on the downstream side of the control valve 6d to perform the same control.

FIG. 8 is a second schematic configuration diagram of a gas turbine according to the second embodiment.
The gas turbine shown in this figure differs from the configuration of the gas turbine shown in FIG. That is, in the example of the gas turbine shown in FIG. 8, the connection pipes Aa, Ab, Ac are connected to the downstream sides of the control valves 6a-6c in the extraction pipes 5a-5c, and the connection pipes Aa, Ab, Ac are respectively connected. Tanks 13a, 13b and 13c are connected. For this reason, the tank 13a is connected to the extraction pipe 5a via the connection pipe Aa. Similarly, the tanks 13b and 13c are also connected to the extraction pipes 5b and 5c via the connection pipes Ab and Ac, respectively. In addition, control valves 6e to 6g are provided in the connection pipes Aa to Ac, respectively.
Accordingly, in the example of FIG. 7, the volume of the cooling air between the compressor 1 and the turbine 4 is the sum of the capacity in the extraction pipe 5 and the capacity in the tank 13, but in the example in FIG. The volume of the cooling air is reduced by the capacity of. Note that the volume of the connecting pipes Aa to Ac is considered to be relatively small. Thereby, the quantity of the cooling air extracted to the turbine 4 can be suppressed with good reactivity. Therefore, the reaction when increasing the output of the gas turbine is improved. The timing for adjusting the opening degree of the control valve 6 is the same as the example shown in FIG.

<Third Embodiment>
FIG. 9 is a first schematic configuration diagram of a gas turbine according to a third embodiment.
As shown in this figure, the gas turbine may include a second compressor 14 that compresses only the cooling air that is sent to the turbine 4 or the combustor 3 to be cooled. When the control device 7 temporarily increases the output, even if the opening of the extraction pipes 6a to 6c and 6d is suppressed, the cooling air sent from the compressor 14 passes through the connection pipes Ba, Bb, and Bc. Then, the air is sent to the downstream side of the control valves 6a to 6c of the respective extraction pipes 5a to 5c.
With such a configuration, even if the control device 7 controls the control valves 6 a to 6 c that suppress cooling air to the turbine blades to be closed, the cooling of the turbine 4 and the combustor 3 from the second compressor 14 is performed. Cooling air can be delivered to the subject.

FIG. 10 is a second schematic configuration diagram of the gas turbine according to the third embodiment.
As shown in this figure, in addition to the configuration shown in FIG. 9, tanks 13 a to 13 c are respectively installed in connection pipes Ba to Bc, and control valves 6 e to g are respectively installed downstream thereof. Also good. In the case of such a configuration, the control device 7 controls the control valves 6e, 6f, and 6g to be opened after suppressing the opening of the extraction pipes 6a to 6c and 6d when temporarily increasing the output. Thereby, even if the control device 7 controls the control valves 6a to 6c for suppressing the cooling air to the turbine blades to be closed, the cooling from the second compressor 14 to the turbine 4 and the combustor 3 is cooled. Air can be delivered. Further, the control device 7 controls the opening degree of the control valves 6e, 6f, 6g, so that the flow rate of the cooling air extracted to the turbine 4 can be freely adjusted.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Compressor 2 ... Cabin 3 ... Combustor 4 ... Turbine 5 ... Extraction piping 6 ... Control valve 7 ... Control apparatus 8 ... Rotor 9 ... Generator 10 ... temperature sensor 11 ... pressure sensor 12 ... output value sensor 13 ... tank 14 ... second compressor

Claims (4)

A compressor for generating compressed air;
A combustor for generating combustion gas from the compressed air;
A turbine driven by the combustion gas;
A bleed pipe which exits feeding the first cooling air bled from the compressor to be cooled of the turbine or combustor,
A first adjusting means provided in the extraction pipe for adjusting a flow rate of the first cooling air;
Connected to the connecting pipe connected to the extraction pipe downstream of the flow of the first cooling air from the first adjusting means via the second adjusting means for adjusting the flow rate of the output amount of the second cooling air stored. Cooling air storage means,
The first adjustment means controls the flow rate of the first cooling air so that an increase in output is obtained based on the detection of the output increase request, and the second adjustment means is controlled to control the second air to the cooling air storage means. Control means for outputting the stored second cooling air to the extraction pipe ;
A gas turbine comprising: When the output increase request is detected, the control means is obtained by any one or more of a temperature at one or more predetermined locations of the combustor, a pressure at a predetermined location of the combustor, or an output value. The gas turbine according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting unit is controlled by an opening based on a value. Connected to said bleed pipe, the third cooling air the turbine or combustor according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the gas turbine, characterized in that it comprises a second compressor for delivering a cooling target.   A compressor for generating compressed air;
  A combustor for generating combustion gas from the compressed air;
  A turbine driven by the combustion gas;
  A bleed pipe for delivering the first cooling air extracted from the compressor to a cooling target of the turbine or the combustor;
  A first adjusting means provided in the extraction pipe for adjusting a flow rate of the first cooling air;
  Connected to the connecting pipe connected to the extraction pipe downstream of the flow of the first cooling air from the first adjusting means via the second adjusting means for adjusting the flow rate of the output amount of the second cooling air stored. Cooling air storage means,
  A gas turbine control means comprising:
  The first adjustment means controls the flow rate of the first cooling air so that an increase in output is obtained based on the detection of the output increase request, and the second adjustment means is controlled to control the second air to the cooling air storage means. The stored second cooling air is output to the extraction pipe.
  A cooling method characterized by that.

Images