JP5603832B2 - Winding element loss measuring method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a winding element loss measuring method for measuring a loss in a winding element such as a reactor, and more particularly to a winding element loss measuring method capable of individually measuring eddy current loss and hysteresis loss and the winding. The present invention relates to a winding element loss measuring apparatus that implements an element loss method.

  A winding element (coil) that winds a long conductor and uses the inductance in the circuit, a reactor intended to introduce reactance into the circuit, or multiple windings by using electromagnetic induction Transformers (transformers, transformers) that transmit energy between them are known. This transformer is used in various electric circuits and electronic circuits in order to perform voltage conversion, impedance matching, current detection, and the like.

  Such a winding element is used by being energized, but this energization usually involves a loss. For this reason, in order to improve the performance of the winding element, it is important to design this loss to a value according to the use of the winding element. For example, energy efficiency can be improved by reducing this loss. The loss of this winding element is roughly classified into copper loss and iron loss, and this iron loss is further classified into hysteresis loss and eddy current loss. Copper loss is the electrical energy lost due to the electrical resistance in the winding conductor, and the iron loss is the electrical energy lost when the winding is wound around the iron core (iron core, core) of the magnetic material and magnetized by alternating current. is there. The hysteresis loss is a loss that is lost when the magnetic domain of the iron core changes the direction of the magnetic field by an alternating magnetic field, and is represented by an area surrounded by a so-called hysteresis loop. And eddy current loss is loss lost by the eddy current which arises in an iron core. Thus, although the loss of a winding element is divided roughly according to the generation | occurrence | production factor, in order to obtain the winding element with a desired characteristic, it is important to obtain | require each of these loss. Such a method of obtaining the loss of the winding element is disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1 as a motor loss analysis method.

  The motor loss analysis method disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a method of analyzing the iron loss of a motor from the magnetic field analysis result applied to the motor, and based on the magnetic field analysis result applied to the motor, the hysteresis loss and Estimate the eddy current loss, directly analyze the eddy current loss by magnetic field analysis, and compare the eddy current loss directly obtained and the eddy current loss estimated from the magnetic flux density, if the former is larger than the latter, The correction coefficient is calculated from the eddy current loss estimated directly from the eddy current loss estimated from the magnetic flux density, and then the hysteresis loss estimated from the magnetic flux density is corrected using the correction coefficient to directly calculate the eddy current loss and correction. In this method, the iron loss is the sum of the hysteresis loss. Alternatively, in the motor loss analysis method disclosed in Patent Document 1, when the former is smaller than the latter, the correction coefficient is obtained from the eddy current loss directly estimated and the eddy current loss estimated from the magnetic flux density. Thereafter, both the eddy current loss and the hysteresis loss estimated from the magnetic flux density are corrected using the correction coefficient, and the sum of the corrected eddy current loss and the hysteresis loss is used as the iron loss.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-6009

  By the way, the method disclosed in Patent Document 1 estimates hysteresis loss and eddy current loss by analysis, and does not actually measure. The method disclosed in Patent Document 1 is an analysis method based on an iron core formed of an electromagnetic steel sheet, and is not general.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to implement a winding element loss measuring method capable of individually measuring hysteresis loss and eddy current loss, and to implement this winding element loss method. An object of the present invention is to provide a winding element loss measuring apparatus.

As a result of various studies, the present inventor has found that the above object is achieved by the present invention described below. That is, the winding element loss measuring method according to one aspect of the present invention interacts with a copper loss measuring step for measuring a copper loss in a winding element to be measured and a magnetic field generated by the winding element to be measured. A total loss measurement step of measuring a plurality of total losses of the winding element to be measured and the probe conductor while changing a resistance value of the probe conductor arranged on the probe conductor, and a plurality of totals measured in the total loss measurement step Based on a plurality of subtraction results obtained by subtracting the copper loss measured in the copper loss measurement step from each of the losses, at least a hysteresis loss is obtained among eddy current loss and hysteresis loss in the winding element to be measured. And an individual loss derivation step.

The winding element loss measuring device according to one aspect of the present invention includes a probe conductor arranged to interact with a magnetic field generated by a winding element to be measured, and a copper loss in the winding element to be measured. Measured with a copper loss measuring unit to be measured, a total loss measuring unit that measures a plurality of total losses of the winding element to be measured and the probe conductor while changing the resistance value of the probe conductor, and the total loss measuring unit Of the eddy current loss and hysteresis loss in the winding element to be measured based on a plurality of subtraction results obtained by subtracting the copper loss measured by the copper loss measuring unit from each of the plurality of total losses And an individual loss deriving unit that obtains at least a hysteresis loss .

  In the winding element loss measuring method and the winding element loss measuring apparatus having such a configuration, the probe conductor is arranged so as to interact with the magnetic field generated by the winding element to be measured, and the resistance value of the probe conductor is changed. However, a plurality of total losses of the winding element to be measured and the probe conductor are measured. For this reason, eddy current loss and hysteresis loss can be separately obtained based on a plurality of subtraction results (iron loss) obtained by subtracting copper loss from each of the plurality of total losses. Therefore, the winding element loss measuring method and winding element loss measuring apparatus having such a configuration can individually measure hysteresis loss and eddy current loss.

  In another aspect, in the above-described winding element loss measurement method, the individual loss derivation step may be performed when the x-axis is the resistance of the probe conductor and the y-axis is the total loss. It is characterized in that at least a hysteresis loss is obtained based on a y-intercept value in a graph representing a change in the total loss with respect to a resistance change.

  According to another aspect, in the above-described winding element loss measuring apparatus, the individual loss deriving unit is configured such that when the x axis is the resistance of the probe conductor and the y axis is the total loss, It is characterized in that at least a hysteresis loss is obtained based on a y-intercept value in a graph representing a change in the total loss with respect to a change in resistance value.

  The y-intercept in the graph showing the change in the total loss with respect to the change in resistance of the probe conductor can be considered as the sum of copper loss and hysteresis loss. For this reason, the winding element loss measuring method and the winding element loss measuring apparatus having such a configuration can obtain the hysteresis loss separately from the eddy current loss by subtracting the copper loss from the y-intercept value. it can.

  In another aspect, in the above-described winding element loss measurement method, the individual loss derivation step includes the probe when the x-axis is the reciprocal of the resistance of the probe conductor and the y-axis is the total loss. When the straight line portion in the graph representing the change in the total loss with respect to the change in the reciprocal of the conductor resistance is extended in the y-axis direction, at least the hysteresis loss is obtained based on the value of the intersection between the extension line and the y-axis. Features.

  According to another aspect, in the above-described winding element loss measuring apparatus, the individual loss deriving unit is configured to use the probe when the x-axis is the reciprocal of the resistance of the probe conductor and the y-axis is the total loss. When the straight line portion in the graph representing the change in the total loss with respect to the change in the reciprocal of the conductor resistance is extended in the y-axis direction, at least the hysteresis loss is obtained based on the value of the intersection between the extension line and the y-axis. Features.

  When the straight line portion in the graph representing the change in the total loss with respect to the change in the reciprocal of the probe conductor resistance is extended in the y-axis direction, the value of the intersection of the extension line and the y-axis is copper loss and hysteresis loss. It is considered the sum of For this reason, the winding element loss measuring method and the winding element loss measuring apparatus having such a configuration subtract the copper loss from the value of the intersection of the extension line and the y axis, thereby reducing the hysteresis loss from the eddy current loss. It can be determined separately.

In another aspect, in the winding element loss measuring method, the total loss measuring step interacts with a magnetic field generated by the winding element to be measured for each of a plurality of different frequencies. A plurality of total losses of the winding element to be measured and the probe conductor are measured while changing a resistance value of the arranged probe conductor, and the individual loss derivation step includes the total loss for each of a plurality of different frequencies. The copper loss measured in the copper loss measurement step is subtracted from each of the plurality of total losses measured in the measurement step, and eddy current loss and hysteresis loss in the winding element to be measured based on the plurality of subtraction results. Among these, at least a hysteresis loss is obtained. In this case, preferably, the individual loss derivation step uses the division results obtained by subtracting the copper loss from the total loss and further divided by the frequency as the respective coordinate axes. A graph representing a plurality of division results obtained for each of a plurality of different frequencies in each resistance value when changing the resistance value of the probe conductor in an n-dimensional space of the same number n as the number n of At least the hysteresis loss is obtained based on the value of the intersection with the straight line having an inclination of 1.

According to another aspect, in the above-described winding element loss measuring device, the total loss measuring unit changes the resistance value of the probe conductor for each of a plurality of mutually different frequencies. A plurality of total losses of the element and the probe conductor are measured, and the individual loss deriving unit is configured to calculate the copper loss measuring unit from each of the plurality of total losses measured by the total loss measuring unit for each of a plurality of different frequencies. Each of the copper losses measured in (1) is subtracted, and at least a hysteresis loss is obtained from eddy current loss and hysteresis loss in the winding element to be measured based on the plurality of subtraction results. In this case, it is preferable that the individual loss deriving unit uses the division results obtained by further subtracting the copper loss from the total loss as a result of dividing the frequency by the respective coordinate axes. A graph representing a plurality of division results obtained for each of a plurality of different frequencies in each resistance value when changing the resistance value of the probe conductor in an n-dimensional space of the same number n as the number n of At least the hysteresis loss is obtained based on the value of the intersection with the straight line having an inclination of 1.

  In each resistance value when changing the resistance value of the probe conductor, the value of the intersection of the plurality of division results obtained for each of a plurality of different frequencies and the straight line having an inclination of 1 is It is considered to represent hysteresis loss. For this reason, the winding element loss measuring method and the winding element loss measuring apparatus having such a configuration use the eddy current loss of the winding element and the resistance loss of the probe conductor by measuring at a plurality of frequencies by changing the frequency. Therefore, without knowing these losses, the hysteresis loss can be obtained from the value of the intersection with the straight line having the slope of 1.

  According to another aspect, the above-described winding element loss measuring device further includes a resistance changing unit that changes a resistance value of the probe conductor, and the total loss measuring unit is configured to change the probe conductor by the resistance changing unit. A plurality of total losses in the winding element to be measured and the probe conductor are measured while changing the resistance value.

  Since the winding element loss measuring apparatus having such a configuration further includes a resistance changing unit, the resistance value of the probe conductor can be easily changed.

  According to another aspect, in the above-described winding element loss measuring apparatus, the probe conductor includes a loop-shaped conductor disposed concentrically with the winding element to be measured.

  In the winding element loss measuring apparatus having such a configuration, the probe conductor is a loop conductor (annular conductor) arranged concentrically with the winding element to be measured. The generated magnetic flux can be captured more reliably. As a result, the probe conductor can more reliably interact with the magnetic field generated by the winding element to be measured. Therefore, the winding element loss measuring apparatus having such a configuration can measure more accurately.

  In another aspect, in the above-described winding element loss measuring device, the winding element to be measured includes a plurality of coils around which a plurality of long conductors are wound, and the probe conductor is It is any one of a plurality of coils.

  In the winding element loss measuring apparatus having such a configuration, any one of a plurality of coils is used as a probe conductor. For this reason, the winding element loss measuring apparatus having such a configuration eliminates the need to separately prepare a probe conductor in addition to the winding element to be measured.

  The winding element loss measuring method and winding element loss measuring apparatus according to the present invention can individually measure hysteresis loss and eddy current loss.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the coil | winding element loss measuring apparatus in embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structure of a coil | winding element and a probe conductor. It is a figure for demonstrating the arrangement | positioning state of the probe conductor with respect to a coil | winding element. It is a circuit diagram which shows the equivalent circuit of a reactor and a probe conductor. The resistance of the probe conductors (including the eddy current loss of the winding elements) shows a graph showing changes in total loss with respect to changes in the R ₂ (Part 1). The resistance of the probe conductors (including the eddy current loss of the winding elements) shows a graph showing changes in total loss with respect to changes in the R ₂ (Part 2). Is a diagram illustrating an example of a graph showing the change in total loss with respect to changes of the reciprocal of the resistance value r ₂ of the probe conductor (1 / r _2). It is a figure which shows an example of the graph plotted on the coordinate system which changed Re (Z ((omega)))-R / (omega) of a mutually different frequency, changing the resistance value of a probe conductor.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, the structure which attached | subjected the same code | symbol in each figure shows that it is the same structure, The description is abbreviate | omitted suitably. Further, in this specification, when referring generically, it is indicated by a reference symbol without a suffix, and when referring to an individual configuration, it is indicated by a reference symbol with a suffix.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a winding element loss measuring apparatus according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of the winding element and the probe conductor. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an arrangement state of the probe conductor with respect to the winding element. FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the reactor and the probe conductor. Figure 5 is the resistance of the probe conductors (including the eddy current loss of the winding elements) shows a graph showing changes in total loss with respect to changes in the R ₂ (Part 1). Figure 6 is the resistance of the probe conductors (including the eddy current loss of the winding elements) shows a graph showing changes in total loss with respect to changes in the R ₂ (Part 2). The horizontal axis of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 represents a change in the resistance value (including the eddy current loss of the winding element) R ₂ probe conductor, the vertical axis represents the overall loss.

The winding element loss measuring apparatus D of the present embodiment is an apparatus for measuring a loss in the winding element SM to be measured, a copper loss measuring step for measuring the copper loss in the winding element SM, and the winding element SM. A total loss measurement step for measuring a plurality of total losses of the winding element SM and the probe conductor 1 while changing a resistance value of the probe conductor 1 arranged so as to interact with the magnetic field generated by the measurement, and a total loss measurement step. Of the eddy current loss and hysteresis loss in the winding element SM based on a plurality of subtraction results (iron loss) obtained by subtracting the copper loss measured in the copper loss measurement step from each of the plurality of total losses by executing the individual losses deriving step of obtaining at least hysteresis loss, a device for measuring the eddy current loss and hysteresis loss separately.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the winding element loss measuring apparatus D includes a probe conductor 1, a measuring unit 2, and a deriving unit 3, and in the present embodiment, an input unit 5, And an output unit 6.

  The winding element SM to be measured is an element in which a long conductor member is wound, and is, for example, a coil used for a reactor, a transformer, or the like. At the time of measurement, sinusoidal AC power having a frequency f is supplied from the AC power source AC to the winding element SM. The winding element SM to be measured may be arbitrary. For example, in this embodiment, the winding element SM is, for example, a cored reactor, and more specifically, FIG. 2 and FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the winding element SM includes a coil SM1 in which a long strip-shaped conductor member is wound around an insulating member, an outer core portion SM2 (SM21, SM22) and a coil that cover the coil SM1 on the outside. It comprises a core (iron core) SMC (SMC1, SMC2) having a core part SM3 (SM31, SM32) disposed in the core part of SM1. The core SMC is composed of two substantially upper and lower core portions SMC1 and SMC2. In FIG. 2, the core part SM31 of one core part SMC1 is fitted into the core part of the coil SM1 on the left side of the paper surface, and the coil SM1 is arranged in the one core part SMC1. A core portion SMC1 and a coil SM1 are shown, and on the right side of the paper, a core portion core portion SM32 in the other core portion SMC2 is fitted into the loop of the loop-shaped probe conductor body 11 described later, and the other core. The other core part SMC2 and the probe conductor body 11 are shown in a state where the probe conductor body 11 is arranged in the part SMC2. The other core part SMC2 is formed with a notch part SM4 in order to pull out both ends of the probe conductor body 11. On the other hand, in FIG. 3, the core part SM32 in the other core part SMC2 is fitted into the core part of the coil SM1 and is fitted into the loop of the loop-shaped probe conductor main body 11 to form the other core part SMC2. The other core portion SMC2, the coil SM1, and the probe conductor body 11 are shown in a state where the coil SM1 and the probe conductor body 11 are arranged. Thus, in this embodiment, the winding element SM is a core-type reactor in which a so-called core includes a coil.

  The probe conductor 1 is a conductor member that is arranged to interact with a magnetic field generated by the winding element SM to be measured and has a predetermined resistance value. In the present embodiment, the probe conductor 1 includes a probe conductor main body 11 and a variable resistor 12 connected to the probe conductor main body 11, and the probe conductor main body 11 is, for example, as shown in FIGS. A loop conductor (annular conductor) in which a conductor wire having a round or square cross section is formed in a loop (annular), and the core element SM3 is fitted into the loop, whereby the winding element SM to be measured The coil SM1 is concentrically arranged with the coil SM1 of the winding element SM to be measured and is laminated in the radial direction. The probe conductor main body 11 may be arranged so as to be concentric with the coil SM1 of the winding element SM to be measured and laminated in the axial direction with the coil SM1 of the winding element SM to be measured. As described above, the center position of the winding element SM in the coil SM1 and the center position of the loop-shaped probe conductor body 11 substantially coincide with each other. By arranging them concentrically as described above, the magnetic flux generated in the winding element SM to be measured can be captured more reliably. As described above, the probe conductor main body 11 is preferably arranged so that all the magnetic flux generated in the winding element SM to be measured passes through the loop (crosses the loop).

  FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram and does not accurately represent the probe conductor main body 11.

  The measuring unit 2 is a circuit that measures a predetermined loss in the winding element SM to be measured. For example, in this embodiment, the copper loss measuring unit 21 that measures the copper loss in the winding element SM to be measured; An overall loss measuring unit 22 that measures the overall loss of the winding element SM to be measured and the probe conductor 1 is provided. The measuring unit 2 including the copper loss measuring unit 21 and the total loss measuring unit 22 is configured to include a so-called LCR meter, for example. Thus, since the measurement part 2 can be comprised with a LCR meter, it can be comprised easily at comparatively low cost.

  The total loss measuring unit 22 measures a plurality of total losses respectively corresponding to each resistance value while changing the resistance value of the probe conductor 1. A plurality of probe conductors 1 having different resistance values may be prepared, and the resistance value of the probe conductor may be changed by replacing the probe conductor 1, but in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. In order to change the resistance value, a variable resistor 12 capable of changing the resistance value is provided in series with the probe conductor body 11.

  Here, it is preferable that the variable resistor 12 has a non-inductive specification (pure resistor) in order to reduce a measurement error due to an inductive component. For the same reason, the cable (connection conductor line) connecting the variable resistor 12 and the probe conductor body 11 is preferably non-inductive specification (pure resistor). Furthermore, for the same reason, the cable is preferably as short as possible (preferably, the variable resistor 12 and the probe conductor body 11 are connected at the shortest distance), and the two conductors constituting the cable (connection conductor line) The lines are preferably placed close together.

The deriving unit 3 subtracts a plurality of subtractions obtained by subtracting the copper loss measured by the copper loss measuring unit 21 of the measuring unit 2 from each of the plurality of total losses measured by the total loss measuring unit 22 of the measuring unit 2. Based on the result (iron loss), at least the hysteresis loss is obtained from the eddy current loss and hysteresis loss in the winding element SM to be measured. The deriving unit 3 corresponds to an example of an individual loss deriving unit. The deriving unit 3 includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), various programs executed by the CPU, ROM (Read Only Memory) or EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) that stores data necessary for the execution in advance, and the like. The microcomputer includes a RAM (Random Access Memory) serving as a so-called working memory of the CPU and a peripheral circuit thereof. The derivation unit 3 is functionally configured with a hysteresis loss derivation unit 31 and an eddy current loss derivation unit 32 by executing a program.

  The hysteresis loss deriving unit 31 is obtained by subtracting the copper loss measured by the copper loss measuring unit 21 of the measuring unit 2 from each of the plurality of total losses measured by the total loss measuring unit 22 of the measuring unit 2. The hysteresis loss in the winding element SM to be measured is obtained based on the subtraction result (iron loss). The eddy current loss deriving unit 32 is obtained by subtracting the copper loss measured by the copper loss measuring unit 21 of the measuring unit 2 from each of the plurality of total losses measured by the total loss measuring unit 22 of the measuring unit 2. The eddy current loss is obtained by subtracting the hysteresis loss obtained by the hysteresis loss deriving unit 31 from a plurality of subtraction results (iron loss).

Here, a method of separating and measuring the hysteresis loss and the eddy current loss separately will be described more specifically. As shown in FIG. 4, an equivalent circuit of a system of the reactor SM and the probe conductor 1 which is an example of the winding element SM has a resistance element having a resistance value R ₁ and an inductance L ₁ connected in series to the resistance element. a first circuit with inductor, a resistance element the resistance value R _2, composed of the second circuit of the inductance of the inductor L ₂ is connected in series with the resistive element. In this embodiment, since the probe conductor 1 magnetically interacts with the reactor SM, the inductor of the first circuit and the inductor of the second circuit are coupled by a mutual inductance M. The resistance value R ₂ is 1 / R ₂ = 1 / when the resistance value related to the eddy current loss of the winding element SM is r ₁ and the resistance value related to the resistance loss of the probe conductor is r _2. r ₁ + 1 / r ₂ . In the present embodiment, the probe conductors 1, since it is constituted by a probe conductor body 11 and the variable resistor 12, the resistance value involved in the resistance loss of the probe conductor body 11 and r _21, a variable resistor the resistance value involved in the resistance loss of 12 in the case of the _{r 22,} is _{r 2 = r 21 + r 22} . The total impedance Z of the system of the reactor SM and the probe conductor 1 represented by such an equivalent circuit is represented by the following formula 1.

Where k is k ² = L ₂ / L ₁ , ω is the angular frequency of the AC power fed to the reactor SM (ω = 2πf, f is the frequency), and i is , The imaginary unit (i ² = −1). The mutual inductance M is M = (L ₂ × L ₁ ) ^1/2 = k × L ₁ .

Therefore, the total loss P _loss of the system of the reactor SM and the probe conductor 1 is expressed by the following formula 2.

Here, V is a voltage applied to the reactor SM, I is a current flowing through the reactor SM, and φ is a phase difference between the voltage V and the current I. * Represents conjugate, and Re (x) represents the real part of the complex number x.

_Also, if _{r 21} is _{r 22} sufficiently small _(r 21 _{«r 22),} and _{r 2} and _{r 22,} can be approximated substantially equal _{(r 2} ≒ _r 22), _{r 2} is sufficiently than _{r 1} the smaller _(r 2 _{«r 1), R 2} and _{r 2,} can be approximated substantially equal _{(R 2} ≒ _{r 2).} Therefore, in these cases (r ₂₁ << r ₂₂ , r ₂ << r ₁ ), it can be approximated that R ₂ and r ₂₂ are substantially equal (R ₂ ≈r ₂₂ ).

The first term of the formula 2 represents a copper loss. As can be seen from the first term of the formula 2, the copper loss is represented by the probe conductor 1 (in this embodiment, the probe conductor main body 11 and the variable resistance). vessel 12) without depending, a constant value even when changing the resistance value r ₂ of the probe conductor 1.

The second term of Equation 2 represents eddy current loss. This eddy current loss is mainly obtained when the angular frequency ω of the feed power is constant, as can be seen from the second term of Equation 2. And the resistance value R ₂ is (1 / k ² ) × R ₂ in the range where the resistance value R ₂ is relatively small, and is mainly proportional to the resistance of the probe conductor 1. In a range where the resistance value R ₂ is relatively large, the resistance value R ₂ is mainly inversely proportional to the resistance of the probe conductor 1. Here, when the coil conductor constituting the winding element SM is thick and the magnetic flux line penetrates, eddy current loss due to the coil conductor occurs. In this embodiment, this eddy current loss is made sufficiently small and can be ignored.

  The third term of Equation 2 represents a hysteresis loss, and this hysteresis loss depends on the current value of the feed power when the angular frequency ω of the feed power is constant. Hysteresis loss is obtained by bringing the current value of the feed power close to zero.

Therefore, the total loss P _loss is a profile indicated by a solid line in FIGS. 5 and 6 with respect to the resistance of the probe conductor 1. That is, according to the resistance value _{R 2} is increased, total loss _{P loss} is the resistance value _{R 2} is proportional to sufficiently small conditions _{(R 2} → 0) the resistance value _{R 2} at, said resistance value _{R 2} It becomes a peak at a certain predetermined value _RC , and then is inversely proportional to the resistance value R _{2 under the} condition that the resistance value R ₂ is sufficiently large (R ₂ → ∞). In other words, this is the second term of the above formula 2 with respect to, the overall loss _{P loss} can be approximated with the resistance value _{R 2} is sufficiently small conditions _{(R 2} → 0) in proportion to the resistance value _{R 2,} the This means that when the resistance value R ₂ is sufficiently large (R ₂ → ∞), it can be approximated as being inversely proportional to the resistance value R ₂ . When the resistance value R ₂ is related to the resistance of the probe conductor 1 and the resistance value r ₁ related to the eddy current loss due to the coil conductor is negligible, the resistance value r _{2 of the} probe conductor is used as the profile. , As the resistance value r ₂ of the probe conductor 1 increases, the total loss P _loss is proportional to the resistance of the probe conductor 1, and the resistance value r ₂ peaks at a certain predetermined value R _C2 . This is inversely proportional to the resistance of the probe conductor 1.

As can be seen from FIG. 5, when the loss of the winding element SM is measured, if the resistance of the probe conductor 1 can be changed within a relatively small range, that is, the resistance of the probe conductor 1 is reduced. When the total loss P _loss is changed within a range of a value smaller than the predetermined value R _C (R _C2 ) at which the total loss P _loss reaches a peak, the total loss P _loss is measured in a region approximately proportional to the resistance of the probe conductor 1. Will do. Therefore, a plurality of measurement results obtained by measuring a plurality of total losses of the winding element SM to be measured and the probe conductor 1 while changing the resistance value r ₂ of the probe conductor 1 are represented by the resistance of the probe conductor 1 (strictly speaking, the x axis). Is a resistance value R ₂ ), and a graph obtained by plotting in the xy coordinate system with the y-axis as the total loss P _loss (a graph representing the change in the total loss with respect to the resistance change of the probe conductor), The y-intercept is the sum of copper loss and hysteresis loss. For this reason, the hysteresis loss is actually measured by subtracting the copper loss from the value of this y-intercept. That is, a plurality of subtraction results obtained by subtracting the copper loss measured by the copper loss measuring unit 21 of the measuring unit 2 from each of the plurality of total losses P _loss measured by the total loss measuring unit 22 of the measuring unit 2. In the graph obtained by plotting (iron loss) in the xy coordinate system in which the x-axis is the resistance of the probe conductor 1 (strictly, the resistance value R ₂ ) and the y-axis is the total loss P _loss , The y intercept is a hysteresis loss, and the hysteresis loss in the winding element SM to be measured is actually measured by obtaining the y intercept of the graph. Since the hysteresis loss is constant without depending on the resistance of the probe conductor 1, the copper loss of the measuring unit 2 is calculated from each of the plurality of total losses P _loss measured by the total loss measuring unit 22 of the measuring unit 2. By subtracting the obtained hysteresis loss from a plurality of subtraction results (iron loss) obtained by subtracting the copper loss measured by the measurement unit 21, the eddy current loss in the winding element SM to be measured is reduced. Measured.

From the above, when measuring the loss of the winding element SM, the resistance of the probe conductor 1 is changed within a range of a value smaller than the predetermined value _RC ( _RC2 ) at which the total loss _Ploss peaks. The hysteresis loss deriving unit 31 of the deriving unit 3 includes a copper loss measured by the copper loss measuring unit 21 of the measuring unit 2 from each of the plurality of total losses P _loss measured by the total loss measuring unit 22 of the measuring unit 2. In a graph obtained by plotting a plurality of subtraction results (iron losses) obtained by subtracting each in the xy coordinate system in which the x-axis is the resistance of the probe conductor 1 and the y-axis is the total loss P _loss . The hysteresis loss in the winding element SM to be measured is obtained by obtaining the value of the y intercept. Then, the eddy current deriving unit 32 of the deriving unit 3 calculates the copper loss measured by the copper loss measuring unit 21 of the measuring unit 2 from each of the plurality of total losses P _loss measured by the total loss measuring unit 22 of the measuring unit 2. By subtracting the hysteresis loss obtained by the hysteresis loss deriving unit 31 from a plurality of subtraction results (iron losses) obtained by subtraction, the eddy current loss in the winding element SM to be measured is obtained. is there.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6, when measuring the loss of the winding element SM, if the resistance of the probe conductor 1 can be changed within a relatively large value range, that is, the resistance of the probe conductor 1 Is changed in a range larger than the predetermined value R _C (R _C2 ) where the total loss P _loss reaches a peak, the total loss P _loss is a region that is substantially inversely proportional to the resistance of the probe conductor 1. Will be measured. Therefore, a plurality of measurement results obtained by measuring a plurality of total losses of the winding element SM to be measured and the probe conductor 1 while changing the resistance value of the probe conductor 1 are represented by the reciprocal of the resistance of the probe conductor 1 (strictly speaking, the x axis). the total loss for the change of the reciprocal of the resistance of the resistance value is R reciprocal 1 / R 2 _2), the graph obtained by plotting the xy coordinate system with the total loss P _loss the y-axis (the probe conductor When the straight line portion of the graph is extended in the y-axis direction, the intersection of the extension line and the y-axis is the sum of copper loss and hysteresis loss (see FIG. 7 described later). ). For this reason, the hysteresis loss is measured by subtracting the copper loss from the value of this intersection. That is, a plurality of subtraction results obtained by subtracting the copper loss measured by the copper loss measuring unit 21 of the measuring unit 2 from each of the plurality of total losses P _loss measured by the total loss measuring unit 22 of the measuring unit 2. In the graph obtained by plotting (iron loss) in the xy coordinate system in which the x axis is the reciprocal of the resistance of the probe conductor 1 and the y axis is the total loss P _loss , the reciprocal of the resistance of the probe conductor 1 is large. When the straight line portion of the graph in the portion is extended in the y-axis direction, the intersection of the extension line and the y-axis is a hysteresis loss, and the hysteresis in the winding element SM to be measured is obtained by obtaining the intersection. The loss is measured. Since the hysteresis loss is constant without depending on the resistance of the probe conductor 1, the copper loss of the measuring unit 2 is calculated from each of the plurality of total losses P _loss measured by the total loss measuring unit 22 of the measuring unit 2. By subtracting the obtained hysteresis loss from a plurality of subtraction results (iron loss) obtained by subtracting the copper loss measured by the measurement unit 21, the eddy current loss in the winding element SM to be measured is reduced. Measured.

As described above, when measuring the loss of the winding element SM, the resistance of the probe conductor 1 is changed within a range of a value larger than the predetermined value _RC ( _RC2 ) at which the total loss _Ploss reaches a peak. The hysteresis loss deriving unit 31 of the deriving unit 3 includes a copper loss measured by the copper loss measuring unit 21 of the measuring unit 2 from each of the plurality of total losses P _loss measured by the total loss measuring unit 22 of the measuring unit 2. Obtained by plotting a plurality of subtraction results (iron losses) obtained by subtracting each in the xy coordinate system in which the x-axis is the reciprocal of the resistance of the probe conductor 1 and the y-axis is the total loss P _loss . In the graph, when the linear portion of the graph at the portion where the reciprocal of the resistance of the probe conductor 1 is large is extended in the y-axis direction, the value of the intersection of the extension line and the y-axis is obtained to obtain the winding of the measurement target. In line element SM The hysteresis loss is calculated. Then, the eddy current deriving unit 32 of the deriving unit 3 calculates the copper loss measured by the copper loss measuring unit 21 of the measuring unit 2 from each of the plurality of total losses P _loss measured by the total loss measuring unit 22 of the measuring unit 2. By subtracting the hysteresis loss obtained by the hysteresis loss deriving unit 31 from a plurality of subtraction results (iron losses) obtained by subtraction, the eddy current loss in the winding element SM to be measured is obtained. is there.

  As described above, the winding element loss measuring apparatus D of the present embodiment can separately measure hysteresis loss and eddy current loss separately.

In FIG. 7, in the range where the reciprocal value is relatively small, the actually measured value of the total loss (solid line) and the straight line portion (broken line) of the graph are different. This is because the eddy current loss of the winding element SM, which can be ignored in this analysis, has an influence (r ₂ << r ₁ does not hold true). When r ₂ is larger, R ₂ no matter how large r _2, since r ₁ above shall not, such displacement occurs. For this reason, in this embodiment, as described above, the linear portion of the graph at the portion where the reciprocal of the resistance of the probe conductor 1 is large is used, and the influence of the eddy current loss of the winding element SM is reduced. It has been avoided.

  The input unit 5 receives, for example, various commands such as a command for instructing the start of measurement, and various data necessary for measuring the loss such as the identifier of the winding element SM to be measured, for example. For example, a keyboard or a mouse. The output unit 6 is a device that outputs a command or data input from the input unit 5 and a loss value predicted by the winding element loss measuring device D. For example, a CRT display, LCD, organic EL display, and plasma display Or a printing device such as a printer.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. When measurement is started, sinusoidal AC power having a predetermined frequency f is supplied to the winding element SM, the variable resistor 12 is set to a predetermined first resistance value r ₂₂ (1), and the measurement unit 2 The copper loss of the winding element SM is measured by the copper loss measuring unit 21.

Subsequently, when the variable resistor 12 has the first resistance value r ₂₂ (1) (1 / R ₂ = 1 / r ₁ + 1 / r ₂ (1), r ₂ (1) = r ₂₁ + r ₂₂ ( In 1)), the first total loss P _loss1 is measured by the total loss measurement unit 22 of the measurement unit 2. Next, when the variable resistor 12 is set to the next predetermined second resistance value r ₂₂ (2) and the variable resistor 12 has this second resistance value r ₂₂ (2) (1 / R ₂ = 1) / R ₁ + 1 / r ₂ (2), r ₂ (2) = r ₂₁ + r ₂₂ (2)), the second total loss P _loss2 is measured by the total loss measurement unit 22 of the measurement unit 2. Next, when the variable resistor 12 is set to the next predetermined third resistance value r ₂₂ (3) and the variable resistor 12 has this third resistance value r ₂₂ (3) (1 / R ₂ = 1) / R ₁ + 1 / r ₂ (3), r ₂ (3) = r ₂₁ + r ₂₂ (3)), the third total loss P _loss3 is measured by the total loss measurement unit 22 of the measurement unit 2. Thus, while changing the resistance value r ₂₂ (n) of the variable resistor 12, that is, the resistance value r ₂ (n) of the probe conductor 1 (1 / R ₂ = 1 / r ₁ + 1 / r ₂ (n), A plurality of total losses P _lossn are sequentially measured by the total loss measuring unit 22 of the measuring unit 2 while changing r ₂ (n) = r ₂₁ + r ₂₂ (n)).

Subsequently, when the measurement of the plurality of total losses P _lossn is completed, the hysteresis loss derivation unit 31 of the derivation unit 3 determines the measurement unit from each of the plurality of total loss P _loss measured by the total loss measurement unit 22 of the measurement unit 2. A plurality of subtraction results obtained by subtracting the copper losses measured by the copper loss measuring unit 21 of 2 are plotted in an xy coordinate system in which the x axis is the resistance of the probe conductor 1 and the y axis is the total loss P _loss. In the graph obtained by doing so, the hysteresis loss in the winding element SM to be measured is obtained by obtaining the value of the y-intercept. Alternatively, _when the measurement of the plurality of total losses P _lossn is completed, the hysteresis loss derivation unit 31 of the derivation unit 3 determines the measurement unit 2 from each of the plurality of total losses P _loss measured by the total loss measurement unit 22 of the measurement unit 2. A plurality of subtraction results (iron losses) obtained by subtracting the copper losses measured by the copper loss measuring unit 21 of the X-axis are the reciprocal of the resistance of the probe conductor 1 and the y-axis is the total loss P _loss . In the graph obtained by plotting in the xy coordinate system, when the linear portion of the graph where the reciprocal of the resistance of the probe conductor 1 is large is extended in the y-axis direction, the intersection of the extension line and the y-axis Is obtained, the hysteresis loss in the winding element SM to be measured is obtained.

Subsequently, the eddy current deriving unit 32 of the deriving unit 3 determines the copper loss measured by the copper loss measuring unit 21 of the measuring unit 2 from each of the plurality of total losses P _loss measured by the total loss measuring unit 22 of the measuring unit 2. Are further subtracted from the plurality of subtraction results (iron losses) obtained by subtracting the hysteresis losses obtained by the hysteresis loss deriving unit 31, thereby obtaining the eddy current loss in the winding element SM to be measured. .

  Then, the actually measured hysteresis loss and eddy current loss in the winding element SM to be measured are output to the output unit 6 by the derivation unit 3.

One example of the result of actual measurement by the winding element loss measuring apparatus D and the winding element loss measuring method mounted thereon is shown in FIGS. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a graph representing a change in total loss with respect to a change in the reciprocal (1 / r ₂ ) of the resistance value r ₂ of the probe conductor. The horizontal axis of FIG. 7 represents the reciprocal (1 / r ₂ ) of the resistance value of the probe conductor (including the eddy current loss of the winding element), and the vertical axis represents the total loss P _loss . In FIG. 7, the measured value of total loss (total loss) P _loss is indicated by ◆, and the measured value of copper loss is indicated by ■. If the horizontal axis is 1 / R ₂ , the line is as theoretically, but since the horizontal axis is 1 / r ₂ , in a region where r ₂ is large, that is, 1 / r ₂ is small, FIG. As shown in FIG.

  By operating in this way, the winding element loss measuring apparatus D and the winding element loss measuring method mounted thereon can separately measure hysteresis loss and eddy current loss separately. .

In the above-described embodiment, each measurement item is measured for a predetermined frequency ω, but each measurement item is measured for a plurality of different frequencies ωn, and hysteresis loss is obtained from the measurement results. Good. More specifically, first, the total impedance Z expressed by the above equation 1 can be transformed as the following equation 3.
P _loss = Re (Z (ω)) = R ₁ + αω + β (1 / R ₂ ) ω ² (3)
The first term R ₁ in Equation 3 represents a copper loss, and the second term αω in Equation 3 represents a hysteresis loss.

Here, the above equation 3 can be transformed into the following equation 4.
(Re (Z (ω)) − R ₁ ) / ω = α + βω (1 / R ₂ ) (4)
As can be seen from Equation 4, the subtraction result (Re (Z (ω)) − R ₁ ) obtained by subtracting the copper loss R ₁ from the total loss Re (Z (ω)) is further expressed at the frequency ω. The resistance of the probe conductor 1 in an n-dimensional space of the same number n as the number n of the plurality of frequencies ω _n with the division result ((Re (Z (ω)) − R ₁ ) / ω) as each coordinate axis. A plurality of division results ((Re (Z (ω))) obtained for each of a plurality of different frequencies ω _n in each resistance value when changing the value r ₂ (strictly, the resistance value R ₂ ). The value of the intersection point between the graph representing -R ₁ ) / ω _n ) and a straight line having an inclination of 1 is α. This, in Formula 4, corresponds to that of the resistance value R ₂ and infinity (∞). Therefore, the hysteresis loss is obtained by multiplying this α by the frequency ω. Since the iron loss can be obtained as described above, the eddy current loss can also be obtained by subtracting the hysteresis loss αω thus obtained from the iron loss.

In this way, the total loss Re (Z (ω _k )) between the winding element SM to be measured and the probe conductor 1 while changing the resistance value r ₂ of the probe conductor 1 for each of a plurality of different frequencies ω _n. Are measured (k = 1 to n), and the copper loss R ₁ is subtracted from each of the plurality of total losses Re (Z (ω _k )) for each of a plurality of different frequencies ω _n , Based on the subtraction result, at least the hysteresis loss is obtained from the eddy current loss and the hysteresis loss in the winding element SM to be measured.

As an example of this, FIG. 8 shows a case where the plurality of frequencies ω _n are two (n = 2; k = 1, 2). FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a graph plotted in a coordinate system with Re (Z (ω)) − R / ω having different frequencies as the respective axes while changing the resistance value of the probe conductor. FIG. 8 shows a case where the measurement frequency is two frequencies ω ₁ and ω ₂ , and the horizontal axis is ((Re (Z (ω)) − R ₁ ) / ω ₁ ), The axis is ((Re (Z (2ω)) − R ₁ ) / ω ₂ ).

  As shown in FIG. 8, α is obtained by obtaining an intersection where a straight line portion or an extended portion (broken line) of the graph intersects a straight line (y = x, solid line) having an inclination of 1.

Therefore, when measuring the loss of the winding element SM, the hysteresis loss deriving unit 31 of the deriving unit 3 replaces the above-described method described with reference to FIG. 5 and the above-described method described with reference to FIG. By adopting the above-described method based on 4, the hysteresis loss αω of the winding element SM can be obtained. For this reason, the winding element loss measuring apparatus D and the winding element loss measuring method mounted thereon can be separately measured by separating the hysteresis loss and the eddy current loss by such a method. In this method, the eddy current loss r ₁ of the winding element SM, the resistance loss r ₂ of the probe conductor 1 and the resistance value R ₂ are used by measuring at a plurality of frequencies ω _n by changing the frequency ω. Therefore, without knowing these losses r ₁ , r ₂ , R ₂ , the hysteresis loss αω of the winding element SM can be obtained by obtaining the intersection α with the straight line having the inclination of 1. In particular, the eddy current loss r ₁ of the winding element SM is often unknown, and in the former method, it is necessary to pay attention to the effective range of approximation, but in the latter method, the effective range of this approximation is required. There is an advantage that it is not necessary to pay attention to.

  In order to express the present invention, the present invention has been properly and fully described through the embodiments with reference to the drawings. However, those skilled in the art can easily change and / or improve the above-described embodiments. It should be recognized that this is possible. Therefore, unless the modifications or improvements implemented by those skilled in the art are at a level that departs from the scope of the claims recited in the claims, the modifications or improvements are not covered by the claims. To be construed as inclusive.

D Winding Element Loss Measuring Device SM Winding Element 1 Probe Conductor 2 Measuring Unit 3 Deriving Unit 11 Probe Conductor Body 12 Variable Resistor 21 Copper Loss Measuring Unit 22 Total Loss Measuring Unit 31 Hysteresis Loss Deriving Unit 32 Eddy Current Loss Deriving Unit

Claims (13)

A copper loss measurement step for measuring the copper loss in the winding element to be measured;
Total loss measurement for measuring a plurality of total losses between the measurement target winding element and the probe conductor while changing the resistance value of the probe conductor arranged to interact with the magnetic field generated by the measurement target winding element. Steps,
Vortex in the winding element to be measured based on a plurality of subtraction results obtained by subtracting the copper loss measured in the copper loss measurement step from each of the plurality of total losses measured in the total loss measurement step. An individual loss derivation step for obtaining at least a hysteresis loss of a current loss and a hysteresis loss, and a winding element loss measuring method. The individual loss deriving step is based on at least a y-intercept in a graph representing a change in the total loss with respect to a change in the resistance of the probe conductor when the x-axis is the resistance of the probe conductor and the y-axis is the total loss. The winding element loss measuring method according to claim 1, wherein a hysteresis loss is obtained. The individual loss derivation step is a straight line in a graph representing a change in the total loss with respect to a change in the reciprocal of the resistance of the probe conductor when the x-axis is the reciprocal of the resistance of the probe conductor and the y-axis is the total loss. The winding element loss measuring method according to claim 1, wherein when the portion is extended in the y-axis direction, at least a hysteresis loss is obtained based on a value of an intersection of the extension line and the y-axis. In the total loss measurement step, the winding of the measurement target is changed while changing the resistance value of the probe conductor arranged to interact with the magnetic field generated by the winding element of the measurement target for each of a plurality of different frequencies. Measure multiple total losses between the element and the probe conductor,
The individual loss derivation step subtracts the copper loss measured in the copper loss measurement step from each of the plurality of total losses measured in the total loss measurement step for each of a plurality of different frequencies, and subtracts the plurality of subtractions. The winding element loss measuring method according to claim 1, wherein at least a hysteresis loss is obtained from an eddy current loss and a hysteresis loss in the winding element to be measured based on a result. In the individual loss derivation step, n is the same number n as the number n of the plurality of frequencies, and each coordinate axis is a division result obtained by further subtracting the copper loss from the total loss and dividing the result by the frequency. In a dimension space, in each resistance value when changing the resistance value of the probe conductor, an intersection of a graph representing a plurality of division results obtained for each of a plurality of different frequencies and a straight line having an inclination of 1 5. The winding element loss measuring method according to claim 4, wherein at least a hysteresis loss is obtained based on the value of. A probe conductor arranged to interact with the magnetic field produced by the winding element to be measured;
A copper loss measuring unit for measuring copper loss in the winding element to be measured;
A total loss measuring unit for measuring a plurality of total losses of the winding element to be measured and the probe conductor while changing the resistance value of the probe conductor;
Vortex in the winding element to be measured based on a plurality of subtraction results obtained by subtracting the copper loss measured by the copper loss measuring unit from each of the plurality of total losses measured by the total loss measuring unit. A winding element loss measuring apparatus comprising: an individual loss deriving unit that obtains at least hysteresis loss among current loss and hysteresis loss. The individual loss deriving unit is based on a y-intercept in a graph representing a change in the total loss with respect to a change in the resistance value of the probe conductor when the x-axis is the resistance of the probe conductor and the y-axis is the total loss. The winding element loss measuring apparatus according to claim 6, wherein at least a hysteresis loss is obtained. The individual loss deriving unit is a straight line in a graph representing a change in the total loss with respect to a change in the reciprocal of the resistance of the probe conductor when the x axis is the reciprocal of the resistance of the probe conductor and the y axis is the total loss. The winding element loss measuring apparatus according to claim 6, wherein when the portion is extended in the y-axis direction, at least a hysteresis loss is obtained based on a value of an intersection between the extension line and the y-axis. The total loss measurement unit measures a plurality of total losses of the winding element to be measured and the probe conductor while changing the resistance value of the probe conductor for each of a plurality of different frequencies.
The individual loss deriving unit subtracts the copper loss measured by the copper loss measuring unit from each of a plurality of total losses measured by the total loss measuring unit for each of a plurality of different frequencies, and subtracts the plurality of subtractions. The winding element loss measuring apparatus according to claim 6, wherein at least a hysteresis loss is obtained from eddy current loss and hysteresis loss in the winding element to be measured based on the result. The individual loss deriving unit has n as many as the number n of the plurality of frequencies, each coordinate axis having a division result obtained by further subtracting the copper loss from the total loss and dividing the result by the frequency. In a dimension space, in each resistance value when changing the resistance value of the probe conductor, an intersection of a graph representing a plurality of division results obtained for each of a plurality of different frequencies and a straight line having an inclination of 1 The winding element loss measuring apparatus according to claim 9, wherein at least a hysteresis loss is obtained based on the value of. Further comprising a resistance changing section for changing the resistance value of the probe conductor;
The total loss measuring unit measures a plurality of total losses in the winding element to be measured and the probe conductor while changing the resistance value of the probe conductor by the resistance changing unit. Item 11. The winding element loss measuring apparatus according to any one of Items 10 to 10. The winding element loss measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 11, wherein the probe conductor includes a loop-shaped conductor disposed concentrically with the winding element to be measured. The winding element to be measured includes a plurality of coils wound with a plurality of long conductors,
The winding element loss measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 11, wherein the probe conductor is any one of the plurality of coils.

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