JP5658147B2 - アンモニアを製造するプロセス - Google Patents
アンモニアを製造するプロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP5658147B2 JP5658147B2 JP2011515165A JP2011515165A JP5658147B2 JP 5658147 B2 JP5658147 B2 JP 5658147B2 JP 2011515165 A JP2011515165 A JP 2011515165A JP 2011515165 A JP2011515165 A JP 2011515165A JP 5658147 B2 JP5658147 B2 JP 5658147B2
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- C01B3/48—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
- F22B1/1838—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations
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- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
- F28D7/0075—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with particular circuits for the same heat exchange medium, e.g. with the same heat exchange medium flowing through sections having different heat exchange capacities or for heating or cooling the same heat exchange medium at different temperatures
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- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
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- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/26—Arrangements for connecting different sections of heat-exchange elements, e.g. of radiators
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Description
(a)炭化水素原料を改質セクションに通し、上記改質セクションから合成ガスを引き出すステップと;
(b)上記合成ガスを、過熱水蒸気発生器を用いずに、1個または複数の廃熱ボイラーに通し、ここで、合成ガスは、水−水蒸気混合物によって間接熱交換され、上記廃熱ボイラーから水蒸気を引き出し、上記水蒸気を1個または複数の水蒸気ドラム内に導くステップと;
(c)これにより冷却された、ステップ(b)の合成ガスを、合成ガス内の一酸化炭素を水素に転化するシフト転化段階、続いて、合成ガス内に残存する二酸化炭素、一酸化炭素およびメタンを除去する洗浄プロセスに通し、窒素と水素とを含有する合成ガスを引き出すステップと;
(d)ステップ(c)において生成された合成ガスを、アンモニア転化器内の1個または複数の触媒床を通過させることで合成ガスをアンモニアに触媒転化することを含むアンモニア合成セクションに通し、1個または複数の触媒床からアンモニア含有プロセスガスを引き出すステップと;
(e)上記アンモニア含有プロセスガスを、ステップ(b)の1個または複数の水蒸気ドラムからの水蒸気が過熱される1個または複数の過熱水蒸気発生器に通し、過熱された水蒸気のストリームを上記1個または複数の過熱水蒸気発生器から引き出すステップと;
(f)これにより冷却された、ステップ(e)のプロセスガスを、プロセスガスが水−水蒸気混合物によって間接熱交換される1個または複数の廃熱ボイラーに通し、上記1個または複数の廃熱ボイラーから水蒸気を引き出し、上記水蒸気をステップ(b)の1個または複数の水蒸気ドラム内に導くステップと
を含むプロセスを提供する。
シェル305、管板303、後端部307、管束309、バッフルプレート317、およびシェル305に適合した水蒸気入口315を備える第1区画301、ならびにシェル306、管板304、後端部308、管束310、バッフルプレート317、およびシェル306に適合した水蒸気出口316を備える第2区画302と;
第1区画と第2区画とを分離し、管板303、304間の空間によって画定されている移行区画311と;
管板303、304、ひいては移行室311を通り、第1区画301から第2区画302まで過熱水蒸気発生器30の長軸320に沿って延在するチャネリングパイプ312と;
入口室318と出口室319との間に位置付けられている分離壁321と
を含み、
上記移行区画311は、移行区画の入口室318内に延在するプロセスガス入口313を備え、入口室318が、チャネリングパイプ312の壁と、片側にあって第1区画301の管束309が延在する管板303の壁と、反対側にあって第2区画302の管束310が延在する管板304の壁との間の範囲内にあり;
上記移行区画311は、移行区画の出口室319から延在するプロセスガス出口314を備え、出口室319が、チャネリングパイプ312の壁と、片側にあって第1区画301の管束309が延在する管板303の壁と、反対側にあって第2区画302の管束310が延在する管板304の壁との間の範囲内にあり;
ここで、第1および第2区画301、302が、水蒸気流に関して直列に、かつプロセスガス流に関して並列に接続されている、過熱水蒸気発生器30も包含する。
Claims (4)
- 炭化水素原料からアンモニアを製造するプロセスであって、
(a)炭化水素原料を改質セクションに通し、前記改質セクションから合成ガスを引き出すステップと;
(b)前記合成ガスを、過熱水蒸気発生器を用いずに、1個または複数の廃熱ボイラーに通し、ここで、合成ガスは、水−水蒸気混合物によって間接熱交換され、前記廃熱ボイラーから水蒸気を引き出し、前記水蒸気を1個または複数の水蒸気ドラム内に導くステップと;
(c)これにより冷却された、ステップ(b)の合成ガスを、合成ガス内の一酸化炭素を水素に転化するシフト転化段階、続いて、合成ガス内に残存する二酸化炭素、一酸化炭素およびメタンを除去する洗浄プロセスに通し、そして窒素と水素とを含有する合成ガスを引き出すステップと;
(d)ステップ(c)において生成された合成ガスを、アンモニア転化器内の1個または複数の触媒床を通過させることで合成ガスをアンモニアに触媒転化することを含むアンモニア合成セクションに通し、そして1個または複数の触媒床からアンモニア含有プロセスガスを引き出すステップと;
(e)前記アンモニア含有プロセスガスを、ステップ(b)の1個または複数の水蒸気ドラムからの水蒸気が過熱される1個または複数の過熱水蒸気発生器に通し、そして過熱された水蒸気のストリームを前記1個または複数の過熱水蒸気発生器から引き出すステップと;
(f)これにより冷却された、ステップ(e)のプロセスガスを、プロセスガスが水−水蒸気混合物によって間接熱交換される1個または複数の廃熱ボイラーに通し、前記1個または複数の廃熱ボイラーから水蒸気を引き出し、そして前記水蒸気をステップ(b)の1個または複数の水蒸気ドラム内に導くステップと
を含み、
ステップ(a)が、炭化水素原料を一次改質ステップに通して部分改質ガスを生成するステップと;前記部分改質ガスを熱交換改質ステップおよび二次改質ステップに通すステップと;前記熱交換改質段階から得られた合成ガスストリームを引き出すステップとを含み、熱交換改質段階を通過する部分改質ガスが、前記二次改質ステップから引き出された合成ガスによる間接熱交換によって改質される、プロセス。 - 複数の二重管を有し、前記熱交換改質ステップを実施するのに用いられる1個または複数の熱交換型反応器内で混合ガスを形成し、その形成を前記自己熱改質ステップまたは二次改質ステップから引き出された合成ガスと1個または複数の熱交換型反応器の二重管の少なくとも外側に設置されている触媒床を離れる改質ガスとを混合することによってなし、次いで、前記混合ガスを前記二重管の環状空間に通して前記触媒床を間接加熱することとを含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 熱交換改質ステップが、バヨネット型反応器において実施される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- ステップ(a)において改質される炭化水素原料が、1つまたは複数の熱交換改質ステップおよび自己熱または二次改質ステップに並行して通され、前記自己熱または二次改質段階から引き出された熱合成ガスが、前記1つまたは複数の熱交換改質ステップにおいて熱交換媒体として用いられる、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
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| US9475696B2 (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2016-10-25 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Methods for producing synthesis gas for ammonia production |
| EP3037386A1 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2016-06-29 | Casale SA | A plant and a process for ammonia production with cryogenic purification, and a related method of revamping |
| KR101713606B1 (ko) * | 2015-04-03 | 2017-03-08 | 고등기술연구원연구조합 | 합성가스 정제 시스템 및 방법 |
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| DE102017201681A1 (de) * | 2017-02-02 | 2018-08-02 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Verfahren zur Behandlung eines Synthesegasstroms |
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| DE102019218350A1 (de) | 2019-11-27 | 2021-05-27 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Verfahren und Anlage zur Herstellung von Ammoniak |
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| JP2011525469A (ja) | 2011-09-22 |
| HK1160097A1 (en) | 2012-08-10 |
| CA2728858C (en) | 2014-12-23 |
| CA2728858A1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
| US20110104037A1 (en) | 2011-05-05 |
| WO2009156085A2 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
| EP2294009A2 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
| KR101562527B1 (ko) | 2015-10-22 |
| WO2009156085A3 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
| EP2294009B1 (en) | 2015-02-25 |
| JP2014206370A (ja) | 2014-10-30 |
| CN102137817A (zh) | 2011-07-27 |
| AU2009262595A1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
| CN102137817B (zh) | 2015-02-18 |
| JP5757598B2 (ja) | 2015-07-29 |
| RU2011102620A (ru) | 2012-08-10 |
| US8261700B2 (en) | 2012-09-11 |
| KR20110037968A (ko) | 2011-04-13 |
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