JP5660571B2 - Method for promoting flower bud differentiation in strawberry - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for promoting flower bud differentiation using, for example, a slow-release coated urea fertilizer.

  In strawberry forcing cultivation, regardless of the cultivation method, such as tall installation or ground floor, the flower bud differentiation time is delayed in the autumn due to the recent warming of the climate, and depending on the cropping type, it is shipped at a time when the annual yield decreases or the unit price is relatively high Problems such as so-called “breaking harvest breaks” that face the valleys of the region are becoming apparent.

  In particular, in the super-enhanced (early shipment) type, which aims to ship from October to November, the differentiation of the primary coral inflorescence is delayed due to the high temperature after planting after the top inflorescence (first inflorescence) is shipped. The harvest period (break break) will occur. Therefore, it cannot be shipped in a period when the unit price is relatively high (December to January), resulting in a situation where both yield and income decrease.

  Furthermore, in the high cultivation where the culture medium is isolated and the buffering capacity for the temperature is small, the culture medium temperature is likely to be high due to the influence of the air temperature, and is more significantly affected by the warming. Highly-priced cultivation, which is superior in terms of labor saving and light labor, is increasing the installation area mainly for new farmers, and measures for “breaking harvest” due to global warming are the only cultivation methods expected to be introduced in the future. Must be taken as soon as possible. Moreover, when taking countermeasures, in view of the high cost at the time of initial introduction of high-altitude cultivation, it is desired that the technology and method to be developed suppress cost as much as possible.

  On the other hand, in the past, focusing on the point that strawberry flower bud differentiation is induced at a low temperature, the temperature of the medium is raised by locally cooling the crown (Non-patent Documents 1 and 2) or using latent heat of vaporization. Techniques for accelerating the differentiation of primary florets after planting have been developed by the suppression methods (Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 3).

  In Non-Patent Document 1, cooling of the crown part is performed by sending cool air from the spot cooler through a narrow duct to the stock company. In Non-Patent Document 2, cold water is passed through a special double tube and the tube is moved to the crown part. We carry out by making it adhere. Both methods are highly effective and can control the flower bud differentiation time with high accuracy, but the problem is that the introduction cost and running cost are high (for example, the apparatus disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2 has an introduction cost per 10a. Is about 2.5 million yen). In addition, the above-described method for suppressing the temperature rise of the medium using latent heat of vaporization has the advantage that it can be carried out at a low cost. However, since it uses a spontaneous amount of heat, precise temperature control is difficult and is expected depending on the conditions. It may be difficult to obtain such an effect.

  Non-Patent Document 4 tries to apply the nitrogen content during the entire cultivation period at the time of planting using nitrogen fertilizer that controls fertilization effect in mulch cultivation of strawberries, and maintains yield while reducing fertilizer A possible fertilization method is disclosed. Similarly, Non-Patent Document 5 discloses that a fertilizer control nitrogen fertilizer was used to apply a nitrogen component during the entire cultivation period in a seedling pot, and a labor saving test for fertilizer management was performed. Non-patent document 5 combines nitrogen fertilizers with different fertilization periods and periods, and nitrogen fertilizer elutes quickly after application to the seedling pot, and elution of the seedling fertilizer almost completes one month before planting. Furthermore, the elution of fertilizer for the main field started immediately after planting, and an elution pattern was produced in which the fertilization effect continued until the end of harvesting. Non-Patent Document 6 discloses that a labor-saving test of fertilization management by applying a whole-basis fertilizer to a seedling pot using a slow-release coated urea fertilizer was performed.

  Thus, in the cultivation method and the fertilization method using the fertilization effect adjustment type nitrogen fertilizer and slow-release coated urea fertilizer which have already been reported in this way, all aim at labor saving of the cultivation management in strawberry cultivation. Fertilizer-regulated nitrogen fertilizer and slow-release urea fertilizer are not used for the purpose of reducing the “break break” or promoting the differentiation of primary florets.

JP 2006-271314 A

Saito and Yabe, “Sonozo miscellaneous”, 2005, 74 (2): 440 Sone et al., “Sono Gakken”, 2007, 6 (2): 162 K. Yamazaki et al., "Acta Horticulturae", 2009, 842, pp. 733-736 Sayoko Kobuchi, Takao Higashi, Masahiko Saegusa, "Sonogakuzo", 2001, 70, 616-621 Sayoko Kobuchi, Yuki Yamada, Takao Higashi, Masahiko Saegusa, “The Journal of Japanese Society of Soil Fertilizers”, 2001, 72, pp. 88-91 Takamori et al., “Sonogaku miscellaneous”, 1997, 66 (Another 1): 801

  Then, in view of the above-mentioned situation, the present invention aims to provide a method for reducing the period of “breaking break” in strawberry cultivation and maintaining the yield of strawberry.

  As a result of earnest research to solve the above problems, when planting strawberry seedlings, as a nitrogen component of the basic fertilizer, a combination of slow-release coated urea fertilizers with different start times and durations By doing so, the delay in differentiation and development of the primary floret (second floret) that caused the `` break break '' was dramatically accelerated and the harvest break was reduced and The inventors have found that the yield in the primary floret can be maintained, and have completed the present invention.

The present invention includes the following.
(1) A method for promoting strawberry flower bud differentiation, comprising a step of planting a strawberry seedling in a medium to which a slow-release coated urea fertilizer is applied.
(2) The method according to (1), wherein the strawberry seedling is a seedling in which the top flower clusters are differentiated.
(3) The method according to (1) or (2), wherein the flower bud differentiation is flower bud differentiation of a primary cocoon inflorescence.
(4) Slow-release coated urea fertilizer has an initial dissolution suppression period of 100 days and an dissolution period of 100 days, and a slow-release coated urea fertilizer and an initial dissolution suppression period of 40-50 days and an dissolution period of 50 days The method according to any one of (1) to (3), which is a mixture of a slow-release coated urea fertilizer with an initial elution suppression period of 30 days and an elution period of 30 days.
(5) A strawberry flower bud differentiation promoter containing a slow-release coated urea fertilizer as an active ingredient.
(6) The strawberry flower bud differentiation promoter according to (5), wherein the flower bud differentiation is primary bud flower bud flower bud differentiation.
(7) Slow-release coated urea fertilizer has an initial elution suppression period of 100 days and an elution period of 100 days, and a slow-release coated urea fertilizer of 40 to 50 days and an elution period of 50 days. The strawberry flower bud differentiation promoter according to (5) or (6), which is a mixture of a slow-release coated urea fertilizer with an initial elution suppression period of 30 days and an elution period of 30 days.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the period of the "break of a harvest" can be reduced in the production site of strawberry cultivation, and the initial yield of a strawberry can be improved.

It is a graph which shows transition of the nitrate ion density | concentration in the petal juice of the 3rd new leaf in the strawberry cultivar "Sachinoka" cultivated by applying the slow-release coated urea fertilizer. It is a graph which shows the temperature increase inhibitory effect of the culture medium temperature by using a slow-acting coated urea fertilizer. It is a graph which shows transition of the yield per 1 stock | strain every season in the strawberry cultivar "Sachinoka" cultivated by fertilizing the slow-release coated urea fertilizer.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The method for promoting the bud differentiation of strawberries according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the present method”) is a method including the step of planting strawberry seedlings in a medium to which a slow-release coated urea fertilizer is applied. In this method, we focus on the ecology in which strawberry is easily differentiated by reducing the nitrogen concentration in the body, and use slow-release coated urea fertilizer that suppresses initial elution as a nitrogen component to be given by the base fertilizer. During this period, the nitrogen content of the strawberry is kept as low as possible, and the flower bud differentiation in the primary bud inflorescence is induced at an early stage, while it is slow-acting from the beginning of differentiation. Start elution of nitrogen components of coated urea fertilizer and promptly promote the growth of strains and flower clusters. In addition, by using a slow-release coated urea fertilizer as a fertilizer, it absorbs heat when urea dissolves in water, can lower the medium temperature in the high temperature period, and suppress the temperature rise of the medium, Assists in inflorescence differentiation.

  Strawberry varieties targeted by the present method are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include Sachinoka and red cheeks.

  Here, “flower bud differentiation” means to form buds (flower buds) that grow and become flowers after germination. In this method, flower bud differentiation is promoted, and flower buds grow into flower bunches such as primary cocoon bunches (second flower bunches), and bloom and fruit.

  Moreover, examples of the strawberry seedling used in the present method include seedlings in which the top flower clusters (first flower clusters) are differentiated. For example, after raising seedlings, seedlings are subjected to night-cooled short-day treatment (e.g., 8 hours day length, dark period 15 ° C) for 10 to 30 days to prepare seedlings with differentiated top florets (first florets). it can.

  In this method, an organic medium to which a slow-release coated urea fertilizer is applied is used as the medium. Here, “slow release coated urea fertilizer” means that the component urea-containing fertilizer is coated with resin, etc., and suppresses the initial elution of the fertilizer. After a certain period of time, the fertilizer gradually elutes, Means persistent fertilizer. Examples of slow-acting coated urea fertilizer include urea fertilizer in which elution of fertilizer exhibits a sigmoid curve (sigmoid type). Specific slow-acting coated urea fertilizers include, for example, LP coat, M-coat (sold by: Jacam Aguri Co., Ltd.), coated urea (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), Ceracoat (manufacturer: Central Kasei Co., Ltd.) , Distributor: Central Joint Fertilizer Co., Ltd.), Sigma Coat (manufactured by Katakura Chikkarin Co., Ltd.), Yu Coat (manufactured by MC Faticom Co., Ltd.), Taki Coat (manufactured by Taki Chemical Co., Ltd.) and the like.

  In this method, preferably, a slow-release coated urea fertilizer having an initial elution suppression period of about 100 days and an elution period of about 100 days and a slow-release coated urea fertilizer having an initial elution suppression period of about 40 to 50 days and an elution period of about 50 days And a slow-release coated urea fertilizer having an initial dissolution suppression period of about 30 days and an elution period of about 30 days are used as the slow-release coated urea fertilizer. By using the mixture, after planting, for a specific period (for example, 15 to 25 days), the nitrogen component is not supplied as much as possible, and the body's nitrogen concentration in the strawberry is maintained at a low state, while differentiation. The elution of the nitrogen component of the slow-release coated urea fertilizer can be started from the time of coming (for example, 20-30 days after planting), and nitrogen can be continuously supplied to the strawberry. Here, the “initial elution suppression period” means a reference period until about 10% of the retained components of urea, which is a component of slow-release coated urea fertilizer, in 25 ° C. water. In addition, the “elution period” means a standard period from 10% to 80% of the guaranteed content of the urea, which is a component of the slow-release coated urea fertilizer, in 25 ° C. water.

  Examples of slow-release coated urea fertilizers with an initial elution suppression period of about 100 days and an elution period of about 100 days include, for example, LP Coat S200 (Distributor: Jicam Aguri Co., Ltd.), Coated Urea W39-1 and Coated Urea W38.5 No.-1 (above, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.).

  Examples of slow-release coated urea fertilizers with an initial elution suppression period of about 40 to 50 days and an elution period of about 50 days include, for example, LP Coat SS100 (distributor: Jacam Aguri Co., Ltd.), Ceracoat R90, Ceracoat R110 (and above, manufacturer: Central Kasei Co., Ltd., distributor: Central Joint Fertilizer Co., Ltd.), Sigma Coat S200 4M (manufactured by Katakura Chikkarin Co., Ltd.) and the like.

  Examples of slow-release coated urea fertilizers with an initial elution suppression period of about 30 days and an elution period of about 30 days include LP Coat S60 (Distributor: Jacam Aguri Co., Ltd.), Ceracoat R50, Ceracoat R70 (and above, manufacturer: Central Kasei) Co., Ltd., distributor: Central Joint Fertilizer Co., Ltd.), Sigma Coat S200 2.5M (manufactured by Katakura Chikkarin Co., Ltd.) and the like.

  Slow release coated urea fertilizer (“100/100”) with initial dissolution suppression period of about 100 days and dissolution period of about 100 days in the mixture and slow release coating with initial dissolution suppression period of about 40-50 days and dissolution period of about 50 days As a ratio of urea fertilizer (“50/50”) and slow-release coated urea fertilizer (“30/30”) having an initial dissolution suppression period of about 30 days and an dissolution period of about 30 days, for example, “100/100”: “ 50/50 ":" 30/30 "= 67: 20: 13, = 67: 13: 20, = 53: 20: 27, and the like.

  The medium to which the slow-acting coated urea fertilizer is applied contains the slow-acting coated urea fertilizer so that, for example, the amount of nitrogen contained in the slow-acting coated urea fertilizer is 3 to 4 g per strawberry seedling. In addition, in order to support the normal growth of strawberries, the medium to which the slow-release coated urea fertilizer is applied, in addition to the slow-release coated urea fertilizer, for example, a single fertilizer containing phosphoric acid, potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc. It is necessary to include complex fertilizer as appropriate.

  In this method, the prepared strawberry seedling is planted and grown in a medium to which a fertilizer containing a slow-release coated urea fertilizer and other necessary components is applied. The grown strawberries can be blossomed and then fruited to harvest the fruits. For example, seedlings with differentiated apical bunches (first florets) can be planted from late August to early September, targeting early shipment crops from October to November. The cultivation method may be any cultivation method, but the elevated cultivation method is preferable.

  In this method, during the maturation and harvest period of the fruits of the top flower bunches (first flower bunches), the flower bud differentiation of the primary cocoon flower bunches (second flower bunches) is promoted, so that the non-harvest period (“ The period of harvest break ") is reduced. In addition, as shown in the examples below, the fruit yield of the top flower bunches and primary cocoon flower bunches is comparable to that of nitrate-based fertilizers used in conventional cultivation, and the yield can be maintained. it can. Furthermore, in this method, fertilization management after planting can be performed by controlling the concentration of nutrient solution by using a liquid fertilizer mixing device, etc., but on the other hand, these expensive devices are not used and labor saving. This can be done only by applying chemical fertilizer with a basic fertilizer.

  On the other hand, the strawberry flower bud differentiation promoter according to the present invention contains a slow-release coated urea fertilizer as an active ingredient, and can be used in this method. The type and blending amount of the slow-acting coated urea fertilizer in the accelerator can be based on, for example, the type of slow-acting coated urea fertilizer described in the above method and the content in the medium. Furthermore, the strawberry flower bud differentiation promoter according to the present invention can appropriately contain, for example, phosphoric acid, potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like in addition to the slow-release coated urea fertilizer.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated in detail using an Example, the technical scope of this invention is not limited to these Examples.

[Example 1] Promotion of strawberry flower bud differentiation using slow-release coated fertilizer
1. Materials and methods The test site was Ayabe City, Kyoto Prefecture.
Elution of ingredients used in conventional methods as basic fertilizers for upland cultivation is linear type long total 313-180 (distributor: Jacam Aguri Co., Ltd .; nitric acid-based fertilizer, "control zone") and sigmoid type fertilizer Three test plots were set, in which three combinations of LP coats (sales source: Jacam Aguri Co., Ltd.) of slow-release coated urea fertilizers with different efficacy dates and fertilization durations were set.

In this example, as a fertilizer ("100/100") that suppresses initial elution for about 100 days and then elutions continuously for about 100 days thereafter, slow-release coated urea fertilizer LP coat S200 (distributor: Jacom Agri Corporation) Company). In addition, after suppressing initial elution for about 40 to 50 days, as a fertilizer that elutes for about 50 days (“50/50”), use slow-release coated urea fertilizer LP coat SS100 (distributor: Jacam Aguri Co., Ltd.) did. Furthermore, after suppressing the initial dissolution for about 30 days, as a fertilizer that elutes for about 30 days (“30/30”), a slow-release coated urea fertilizer LP coat S60 (distributor: Jacam Aguri Co., Ltd.) was used.
Each fertilizer was mixed with the medium so that the nitrogen amount per strain was 3 g, and was applied on the day before planting.

  Using the strawberry cultivar "Sachinoka", seedlings were picked on June 25, 2009 and inserted into small pots. Seedlings that had been confirmed to have flower bud differentiation by night-cooled short-day treatment (8 hours day length, dark period 15 ° C.) for 30 days after seedling were planted 22 strains at a high-level cultivation device in each fertilizer section.

  In the area using slow-release coated urea fertilizer, 10 mg of nitrogen per strain was applied with Otsuka A prescription culture solution (manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.) at the time of planting. The nitrate ion concentration in the petiole juice of the new 3rd leaf (3rd new leaf) was measured every 1O days, and the date of harvesting, starting date of harvesting and yield of the top and primary florets were investigated.

2. Results The results are shown in Table 1 and FIGS.

  Table 1 shows the effect of slow-release coated urea fertilizer on continuous fertility and yield in strawberry cultivar “Sachinoka”.

  FIG. 1 is a graph showing changes in nitrate ion concentration in the petiole juice of the third new leaf in a strawberry variety “Sachinoka” cultivated by applying a slow-release coated urea fertilizer.

  FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of suppressing the temperature increase of the culture medium temperature by using the slow-acting coated urea fertilizer.

  FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change in yield per strain of the strawberry cultivar “Sachinoka” cultivated by applying a slow-release coated fertilizer, and the season of the top floret and the primary cocoon floret every season. In FIG. 3, panel (A) is the result of applying conventional slow-release coated fertilizer (nitrate-based fertilizer), and panel (B) is the slow-release coated fertilizer (“100/100 + 50/50 + 30/30”). ) Is the result of fertilization.

  By using a slow-release coated urea fertilizer that suppresses the initial elution as the nitrogen component to be given by the basic fertilizer, create a state where the nitrogen component is not supplied as much as possible for a certain period after planting and maintain the strawberry body nitrogen concentration at a low level Thus, the differentiation of the primary coral inflorescence was induced at an early stage, and the elution of the nitrogen component of the coated urea fertilizer started from the time when the differentiation began, and the growth of the strain and inflorescence was promptly promoted.

  As shown in FIG. 1, among slow-release coated urea fertilizers, the initial elution is suppressed for about 100 days, and then the fertilizer that elutes continuously for about 100 days (“100/100”), and the initial elution is 40-50 Fertilizer mixed with fertilizer that elutes for about 50 days (`` 50/50 '') and fertilizer that elutes for about 30 days after initial suppression for about 30 days (`` 30/30 '') In the area (“100/100 + 50/50 + 30/30”) where “100/100 + 50/50 + 30/30”; hereinafter referred to as “three kinds of mixed fertilizers” is applied, the nitrogen concentration in the body is about 20 days after planting. Was kept low.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, by using a slow-release coated urea fertilizer, heat is absorbed when urea is dissolved in water, and the medium temperature in the high temperature period can be reduced by about 2 ° C. at the maximum during the day. did it. Thus, by suppressing the temperature rise of the culture medium, the differentiation of primary florets is promoted in an auxiliary manner.

  As shown in Table 1, among the slow-release coated urea fertilizers, the initial elution is suppressed for about 100 days, and then the fertilizer that elutes continuously for about 100 days ("100/100"), and the initial elution is 40-50 Per day, fertilizers that elute for about 50 days (“50/50”) and fertilizers that elute for about 30 days (“30/30”) per share When the amount of nitrogen is 3.0g and mixed at a rate of 66.7%, 20.0%, and 13.3%, respectively (“100/100 + 50/50 + 30/30”), slow-release coated fertilizer (nitric acid, which is popular in conventional strawberry cultivation) Compared with the fertilization method using the fertilizer (based fertilizer), the average production of the primary cocoons was 17 days earlier and about 20 days earlier at the start of harvesting.

  In addition, when fertilized with slow-release coated urea fertilizer, the yield was secured at the same level or higher between the top flower bunches and the primary cocoon florets (Table 1 and FIG. 3), and the primary pods were maintained while maintaining the yield. I was able to expedite the flowering and flowering of flower bunches. Actually, in the conventional fertilization method using slow-release coated fertilizer (nitrate-based fertilizer) (Fig. 3 (A)), there is a one-month break in January, while slow-release In the fertilization method using three kinds of mixed fertilizers of sexually coated urea fertilizer (FIG. 3 (B)), there was no period during which no harvest was possible. If the result is calculated as the sales price in the Tokyo market, which was produced in 2008, the harvest time (from November to April) was assumed assuming that 8000 plants were grown per 10a. Compared to the above, according to the fertilization method using the mixed fertilizer of slow-release coated urea fertilizer, the sales amount increased by about 180,000 yen per 10a.

  Furthermore, among the above-mentioned three kinds of slow-release coated urea fertilizers, the initial elution is suppressed for about 100 days, and then the fertilizer that elutes for about 100 days ("100/100") is used as the base (66.7%). In fertilizers mixed with 33.3% of each seed (two mixed fertilizers: "100/100 + 30/30" and "100/100 + 50/50"), the fertilizer that elutes for about 50 days after suppressing the initial dissolution for about 40-50 days When mixed with (100/100 + 50/50), fertilization effect is over-suppressed for a long time (Figure 1). A decrease was also confirmed (Table 1). On the other hand, after the initial elution is suppressed for about 30 days, when fertilizer that elutes for about 30 days is mixed (“100/100 + 30/30” ward), the output of the primary cocoon flower bunches is the same as the conventional nitric acid-based fertilizer. Compared to the fertilization method used, it was about 10 days earlier and the yield was good, but it was inferior in reducing `` harvest break '' compared to the case of mixing the three types of mixed fertilizers in the above ratio ( Table 1).

Claims (5)

A method of promoting strawberry flower bud differentiation, comprising a step of planting a strawberry seedling in a medium to which a slow-release coated urea fertilizer is applied , wherein the slow-release coated urea fertilizer has an initial elution suppression period of 100 days and Slow-release coated urea fertilizer with a dissolution period of 100 days and an initial dissolution inhibition period of 40-50 days and a slow-release coated urea fertilizer with a dissolution period of 50 days Said method, which is a mixture with fertilizer .   The method according to claim 1, wherein the strawberry seedling is a seedling in which the top flower clusters are differentiated.   The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flower bud differentiation is flower bud differentiation of a primary cocoon inflorescence. A strawberry flower bud differentiation promoter containing a slow-release coated urea fertilizer as an active ingredient , wherein the slow-release coated urea fertilizer comprises a slow-release coated urea fertilizer and an initial The strawberry flower bud differentiation promoter, which is a mixture of a slow-release coated urea fertilizer with an elution suppression period of 40 to 50 days and an elution period of 50 days and a slow-release coated urea fertilizer with an initial elution suppression period of 30 days and an elution period of 30 days . The strawberry flower bud differentiation promoter according to claim 4 , wherein the flower bud differentiation is flower bud differentiation of a primary cocoon inflorescence.

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