JP5685448B2 - Sliding guide structure of moving table and replacement method of shoe in machine tool - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a sliding guide structure for a moving table such as a tool rest or a moving head stock provided in a machine tool, and the above-described apparatus that allows a shoe that slides on a rail to be easily exchanged, and the shoe in the apparatus. Is related to the exchange method .

  The machine tool includes a moving table such as a tool post or a moving spindle head that reciprocates along a linear guide (rail). In order to realize the high machining accuracy and smooth machining operations required for machine tools, a sliding guide structure with high support rigidity and excellent vibration proofing is adopted as a structure that supports the moving table and guides its movement. Is done.

  This sliding guide structure is formed by a rail fixed to a base (frame or bed) and a shoe fixed to the moving base and sliding along the rail. The shoe has a structure in which a sliding face material made of a low friction material is attached to one surface of a rectangular block-shaped metal base. The surface of the sliding face material (sliding face) is in sliding contact with the rail surface. To do.

  Normally, two rails are provided in parallel, and the moving table is based on the upper surface of the two rails (the surface receiving the weight of the moving table) and the side surface on which the moving table is pressed by its own weight (reference side surface). Has been guided. The moving table is guided up and down by the upper surface and the lower surface of the rail, and is guided by the pair of the inner side surface or the outer side surface of the two rails. Therefore, three shoes, an upper shoe, a side shoe, and a lower shoe, are attached to each of the rails on the moving base.

  When attaching a moving platform to a machine tool, mount the moving platform with the upper and reference side shoes on the rail attached to the base, and move along the rail while moving the moving platform. The deviation between the reference position and the reference position of the base is measured. Thereafter, the shoes on the upper surface and the reference side surface are once removed, and these shoes are polished so that the deviation of the measured reference position becomes zero. Then, the thickness of the processed shoe is recorded, the shoe is mounted on a moving base and mounted on a rail, and the shoes on the anti-reference side and bottom surfaces are polished to a thickness that provides an appropriate clearance with the rail. Assemble by attaching.

  On the sliding contact surface, an oil groove is carved in the sliding direction, that is, the direction intersecting the longitudinal direction of the rail, and the shoe is moved while supplying lubricating oil to the oil groove. A rubber wiper with the tip side in contact with the surface of the rail is attached to both ends of the shoe in the moving direction, so that dust such as chips adhering to the rail is moved between the rail and the shoe when the moving base moves. Is prevented from entering. Patent Document 1 proposes a structure of a wiper device for facilitating the replacement of the wiper.

JP 2004-106066 A

  Since the sliding surface material made of the low friction material is softer than the rail, the sliding surface material is worn by the sliding movement of the moving table for a long time. In particular, when the upper shoe is constantly worn by the load of the moving table, and the upper shoe is worn, the reference position of the moving table is shifted from the reference position of the base, and the machining accuracy of the machine tool is lowered. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the worn shoe with a new one.

  Conventionally, when exchanging the shoe, it has been necessary to lift the moving table with a crane, move it from the rail to the work table, replace the shoe, and mount the moving table on the rail again. When assembling the moving base for the first time, the shoe thickness required to match the reference position of the moving base and the base is recorded. If it does so, the reference position of a movable stand will return to the position before a shoe wears out.

  The machine tool platform is equipped with a blade indexing device, a rotational drive device, a spindle that grips and rotates a workpiece and a large tool, and a drive motor. Since the pipes and electric cables to be supplied are connected, the work of attaching and detaching the moving base from the rail requires a large-scale device and requires a lot of work time.

  In view of such a current situation, an object of the present invention is to obtain a sliding device having a structure in which a worn shoe can be easily replaced with a new shoe.

This invention comprises a rail 2 which is fixed to the base 1, the fixed to the mobile base 3 in a machine tool and a Cie-menu 4 are in sliding contact with the upper surface of the rail 2 moving on the base slide It relates to a guide structure.

In the sliding guide structure of the present invention, the shoe 4 on the upper surface of the rail , which is likely to require replacement, is divided into two at the substantially longitudinal center, and one end of each of the divided shoes 4a and 4b (hereinafter referred to as “ It is attached so that 41 is located on the end surface 31 on each side of the movable table 3. Lubricating oil is supplied to the oil grooves 42 of the divided shoes 4 a and 4 b from an oil hole 43 provided in the exposed end 41.

  The exposed end 41 of each of the divided shoes 4a and 4b is provided with a screw hole 44 for screwing a bolt 54 used when the shoes 4a and 4b are exchanged, and the end surface 31 of the movable table 3 is provided. Is provided with a mounting screw hole 32 around the exposed end 41 for screwing a mounting bolt 52 for mounting the jig 5 used when the shoes 4a and 4b are replaced.

  On the other hand, a jack receiving surface 11 is formed on the base 1 to which the rail 2 is fixed at a position below the movable table 3 with a space 6 therebetween. The jack receiving surface 11 is provided below a position where the movable table 3 is positioned when exchanging the shoes 4a and 4b.

  The jig 5 used for exchanging the shoes 4a and 4b of the sliding guide structure of the present invention is pulled out by a seat surface 51 that contacts the end surface 31 of the moving base, a bolt insertion hole 53 through which the mounting bolt 52 is inserted. A recess 56 for receiving the exposed end 41 of the shoe and a bolt insertion hole 55 through which the extraction bolt 54 is inserted.

Replacing the Cie-menu put in a sliding guide structure of the present invention is performed in the following procedure. First, the wiper device (not shown) attached to the exposed end 41 portion of the shoe is removed, the lower surface shoe 46 is removed, and the oil supply pipe connected to the oil hole 43 is removed. Next, the mounting bolt 52 inserted through the mounting bolt insertion hole 53 is screwed into the mounting screw hole 32 provided in the end surface 31 of the moving table, and the jig 5 is fixed to the moving table. Then remove the fixing bolts 12 that secure the shoe 4a, the mobile base 3 and biased upward by a jack 7 that is inserted into the space 6 between the jack receiving surface 11 and the mobile base 3, sheet-menu 4a and rails The load acting between the upper surfaces of the two is released.

Next, the extraction bolt 54 is inserted into the bolt insertion hole 55 of the jig, and the tip thereof is screwed into the extraction screw hole 44 provided in the exposed end 41 of the shoe. Head of the punching bolt 54 in the middle of this screwing contacts the jig 5, by further screwing the vent bolt 54, sheet-menu 4a with boosting action of the screw is drawn into the jig 5 side. The recess 56 of the jig is provided in order to avoid interference between the end face 41 of the drawn shoe and the jig 5.

  When the shoe is pulled out a little, it can be pulled out by hand, so the mounting bolt 52 that fixes the jig 5 is removed, and the shoe 4a screwed to the tip of the extraction bolt 54 is attached to the jig. Pull 5 out by hand. Then, the new shoe is inserted into the space after the old shoe is pulled out, the new shoe is fixed to the moving table 3 with the fixing bolt 12, the lifting force of the moving table by the jack 7 is released, and an unillustrated oiling pipe is connected. Further, a wiper device (not shown) is attached, and the replacement of one shoe is completed.

  After the replacement of one shoe is completed, the shoe 4b on the opposite side divided in the same operation is replaced, and the shoe on the other rail is replaced in the same operation. End the exchange.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to replace the shoes mounted on the machine tool main body, the tool feed base, the saddle and the like without removing the moving base from the machine tool body, and the work time required for the shoe replacement And the work load is greatly reduced.

  In addition, since the shoe replacement operation is facilitated, the load required for maintaining the braking of the machine tool is reduced, and it is possible to obtain a machine tool capable of maintaining high machining accuracy.

Front view showing an example of a movement guide structure Bottom view of moving guide structure part of moving table Perspective view of jig 1st figure which shows the removal method of a shoe 2nd figure which shows the removal method of a shoe

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings showing examples in which the present invention is applied to a spindle feed base of a lathe. In the figure, 1 is a base (bed), 2 is a rail in the Z-axis direction (spindle axis direction) fixed to the base 1, 3 is a moving base (spindle feed base) that moves along the rail 2, and 13 is A feeding device (feed screw and feed nut) mounted between the base 1 and the movable table 3.

  The rail 2 has an upper surface 24, an inner side surface 25, and a lower surface 26 formed by cutting a cross section into an inverted L shape to serve as a guide surface. An upper shoe 4, a side shoe 45 and a lower shoe 46 are fixed to the movable table 3 with fixing bolts 12, 15, and 16, and the sliding surfaces of these shoes are on the corresponding guide surfaces 24, 25, and 26 of the rail 2. It is in sliding contact. A sliding surface material made of a low friction material is attached to the sliding surface of each shoe.

  By operating the machine tool, the movable table 3 repeatedly moves back and forth along the rail 2. During this movement, the weight and reaction force of the moving table and the spindle table (not shown) mounted on the moving table are mainly supported by the upper surface shoe 4. Since the sliding surface material adhered to the shoe is softer than the rail 2, the sliding surface material of the upper surface shoe on which a large load is applied due to repeated movement of the moving table 3 wears, thereby moving the moving table relative to the base 1. An error occurs at position 3, and this error reduces the high accuracy of the machine tool. On the other hand, the side shoe 45, the lower surface shoe 46, and particularly the lower surface shoe 46 are not loaded, so that the wear of these shoes is extremely small compared to the upper surface shoe.

  The illustrated embodiment employs the sliding guide structure of the present invention in order to facilitate replacement of the upper shoe 4 that is highly worn. As shown in FIG. 2, the upper surface shoe 4 is divided into two by a length intermediate portion 47 in the longitudinal direction (Z-axis direction). One end 41 of each of the divided shoes is exposed on the end surfaces of the movable table 3 in the front and rear directions. Actually, a wiper device that removes cutting oil and chips dropped on the rail 2 by the moving operation of the movable table 3 is attached to the end portions where these shoes 4a and 4b are exposed. Shown with device removed. The sliding surface of the shoe is provided with an oil groove 42 for supplying lubricating oil between the shoe and the rail, and an oil hole (lubricating oil supply hole) 43 communicating with the oil groove is provided on each upper surface. Opened to the exposed end 41 of the shoe. Further, each exposed end 41 of each shoe is provided with a screw hole 44 for screwing a bolt which will be described later. An attachment screw hole 32 for attaching a jig 5 to be described later is provided on the end surface 31 of the moving table adjacent to the exposed end of the shoe. The mounting screw hole 32 can also be used as a screw hole for mounting the wiper device described above. On the other hand, on the base 1, a jack receiving surface 11 is formed at a position below the lower surface shoe 46 with a space 6 therebetween.

  FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a jig used to replace the upper surface shoe 4a. The jig 5 is provided with a recess 56 into which one end of the upper surface shoe 4a can be inserted on one surface of a rectangular plate-shaped metal plate, and the upper surface shoe attached to the mounting screw hole 32 of the moving table and the moving table. It has a simple shape in which bolt insertion holes 53 and 55 are provided in accordance with the position of the screw hole 44 of 4a. The jig 5 of the illustrated embodiment is provided with a push screw hole 58 into which the push bolt 48 is screwed in the recess 56.

  Next, with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, the procedure for replacing the upper surface shoe 4a will be described. First, the wiper device provided at the exposed end of the upper shoe to be replaced is removed, and the oil supply pipe connected to the oil hole 43 is removed. Further, the lower surface shoe 46 is removed, and the fixing bolt 12 fixing the upper surface shoe is extracted. In this state, the upper surface shoe 4a is in a state where it can be pulled out in the Z-axis direction. However, the shoe 4a is attached to the movable table 3 after a long period of use, and the upper surface shoe 4a includes Since the load of the movable table 3 and the equipment installed on the movable table is applied, the shoe 4a cannot be removed.

  Accordingly, the fixture 5 is fixed to the movable table 3 with the mounting bolt 52 with the recess 56 facing the exposed end 41 of the shoe, and the lower surface 36 and the jack receiving surface 11 of the movable table after the lower surface shoe 46 is removed. The jack 7 is inserted between them, and the supporting force of the jack is applied to the moving table 3 so that the load of the moving table 3 and the headstock on the moving table 3 is applied to the jack 7. Then, the extraction bolt 54 inserted into the bolt insertion hole 55 of the jig is screwed into the extraction screw hole 44 of the shoe 4a, and the extraction bolt is screwed, thereby utilizing the boosting action of the screw. Pull out. Once the shoe 4a has moved in the pulling direction, it can be easily pulled out, so the shoe 4a is pulled out by removing the mounting bolt 52 and pulling out the jig 5 by hand in the Z-axis direction.

  Next, in this state, the new shoe is inserted into the space after the old shoe is removed. At this time, if necessary, the jig 5 is fixed to the movable table 3 again with the mounting bolt 52, and the shoe 4a inserted with the push bolt 48 screwed into the push screw hole 58 of the jig is pushed in. Then, a new shoe is fixed to the movable table 3 with the fixing bolt 12. Further, the upper surface shoe 4b on the opposite side is replaced in the same procedure. Thereafter, the jack 7 is shrunk and removed, the oil supply pipe and the wiper device are attached as they are, and the replacement of the upper surface shoe with respect to one rail is completed. Replace the upper shoe on the opposite rail in the same way.

  As described above, according to the sliding guide structure of the present invention, the worn shoe can be easily replaced only by preparing the jig 5 and the jack 7 having a simple structure. In the above embodiment, the structure in which the upper surface of the base 1 is horizontal has been described. However, when the rail 2 is provided horizontally on the vertical surface of the base, the side shoe shown in FIG. 45 or the lower shoe 46 may be an upper shoe on which a self-weight such as a moving base acts, and when the upper surface of the base is inclined, the upper shoe 4 and the side shoe 45 in FIG. The two shoes shown as above may be the upper surface shoe to which a load such as a moving table acts, and even in those structures, the structure of the present invention can be adopted as the structure of the upper surface shoe with great wear. . The jack receiving surface 11 in each case may be provided at a position where the jack inserted at a position where the load of the movable table 3 or the like with respect to the shoe to be replaced becomes zero can be received.

1 base 2 rail 3 moving base
4 (4a, 4b) Top shoe 5 Jig 6 Space 7 Jack
11 Jack receiving surface
12 Fixing bolt
31 End face of moving platform
32 Jig mounting screw hole
41 Exposed end
43 Oil hole
44 unplug Flip hole
45 Side shoe
46 Bottom shoe
56 recess

Claims (2)

Base and fixed rail (1) (2), the moving base (3) shoe is fixed you slip displaced on the rail (4) moving on said base and a tool machine having In the sliding guide structure,
It said shoe receiving the weight of the moving base (3) (4) is divided into two sections by an intermediate portion of the moving direction (47), movable carriage in divided respective shoe (4a, 4b) of a fixing bolt (12) ( 3) Oil holes (43) that open to the exposed ends (41) of the divided shoes (4a, 4b) and communicate with the oil grooves of the shoes, and are provided at the exposed ends. was a unplug it Flip hole (44), and each movable carriage around the exposed end of the shoe (3) the jig mounting screw hole formed in the end face (31) of (32), the moving base (3) And a jack receiving surface (11) formed on the base (1) with a space (6) below, and is inserted into a jig (5) that is in contact with the end surface of the movable base and into the screw screw hole. The shoe can be pulled out by using the boosting action of the screwed bolt .
A sliding guide structure for machine tools. In replacing the previous carboxymethyl-menu of the structure of claim 1, wherein mounted on the moving platform,
A jig (5) which is mounted on an end face of the moving base, accept exposed end of the shoe which has been withdrawn and the insertion hole of the punching bolt inserted into the unplug it Flip hole (41) a recess (56 )
Biases movable carriage and the jack receiving surface (11) moving table with the jack (7) inserted into the space (6) between (3) and (3) above, the recess in the exposed end of the shoe by screwing counter is allowed by the jig (5) vent bolt inserted through the insertion hole of the punching bolts being in contact with the end face of the moving base of the vent screw holes drawer the shoe,
A method of exchanging shoes on a moving table in a machine tool, wherein the pulled out shoe is removed from the moving table, and a new shoe is inserted and fixed in a subsequent space.

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