JP5690141B2 - 希土類焼結磁石製造方法及び希土類焼結磁石製造用粉末充填容器 - Google Patents
希土類焼結磁石製造方法及び希土類焼結磁石製造用粉末充填容器 Download PDFInfo
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
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- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
- B22F2005/103—Cavity made by removal of insert
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- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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Description
それと共に、圧縮成形体に対して機械加工を行うと、欠けやひびが生じるおそれがある。
a) 粉末充填容器に希土類磁石合金の粉末を、該粉末充填容器の深さよりも浅く挿入した複数個の空隙形成部材と共に充填する充填工程と、
b) 前記希土類磁石合金粉末を磁界中で配向する配向工程と、
c) 前記希土類磁石合金粉末を前記粉末充填容器ごと加熱することにより、該希土類磁石合金粉末を焼結する焼結工程と、
をこの順で行い、
d) 前記配向工程よりも後であって、前記希土類磁石合金粉末の焼結が始まる前に前記複数個の空隙形成部材を除去する、
ことにより、空隙を有する希土類焼結磁石を製造することを特徴とする。
図1及び図2は、本発明の第1の実施形態を示している。第1実施形態では、図1に示すモールド(粉末充填容器)10及び空隙形成部材14が用いられる。モールド10は平板状磁石を得るためのものであり、希土類磁石合金の粉末を充填する直方体の収容部11を有する。収容部11の上部は希土類磁石合金粉末の充填及び焼結後の希土類焼結磁石を取り出すための開口が設けられており、その開口を塞ぐように蓋13が取り付けられている。モールド10及び蓋13の材料には、例えば磁性ステンレス鋼、非磁性ステンレス鋼、カーボン(希土類焼結磁石の焼結温度以上の耐熱性を有するもの)を用いることができる。蓋13には、収容部11の直方体の長手方向に延びる挿入口131が2個、平行に設けられている。挿入口131にはそれよりもわずかに幅及び長さが小さい、板状の空隙形成部材14を挿入することができる。空隙形成部材14の材料には各種金属、カーボン、プラスチック(本実施形態では耐熱性は要しない)を用いることができる。空隙形成部材14は、板状の空隙形成部材取付具15に2枚、2個の挿入口131と同じ間隔で立設されている。
まず、希土類焼結磁石の使用時に渦電流が発生することを防ぐことを主目的とする場合について、好適な空隙形成部材の幅、挿入深さ、本数及び間隔を説明する。この場合、スリットの幅がわずかであっても渦電流を遮断することができるため、目的を達することができる。そのため、磁石本来の性能を高めるために、焼結体に形成されるスリットの幅はできる限り小さいほうがよい。従って、空隙形成部材の厚みもできる限り小さいほうがよい。例えば薄い板状部材の典型例であるカミソリ刃と同様の部材を用いると、空隙形成部材の厚みの下限は0.05mm程度である。この場合、焼結による収縮を考慮すると、焼結体に形成されるスリットの幅は0.04mm程度になる。また、挿入深さは、深いほど渦電流喪失を低減する観点からは好ましいが、焼結体の機械的強度を考慮して、挿入深さ方向の磁石の厚みより1mm以上、好ましくは2mm以上小さいことが好ましい。
空隙形成部材の厚みが大きすぎると、磁石の体積率(焼結磁石の外形の体積に対する磁石が存在する部分の体積の比率)が低くなり、それにより磁気特性が低下する。そのため、空隙形成部材の厚みは体積率が90%以上になるように定めることが望ましい。
スリットの間隔、即ち空隙形成部材の間隔は、磁石中に発生する渦電流による損失が磁石の大きさの2乗に比例して大きくなることを考慮すると、短い方が好ましい。一方、スリットの本数が多くなると磁石の体積率が低下する。そのため、空隙形成部材の間隔及び本数は、上述の厚み及び挿入深さを考慮しつつ、所定の磁気特性が得られる体積率を上回るように定める。
11、21、41…モールドの収容部
12…モールドの底
13、23、53…モールドの蓋
131、221、431、531…挿入口
14、24、34、44、54…空隙形成部材
15、25、35…空隙形成部材取付具
17、27…磁界発生コイル
18、28…空隙
19、29…希土類磁石合金粉末
31…焼結体
Claims (11)
- a) 粉末充填容器に希土類磁石合金の粉末を、該粉末充填容器の深さよりも浅く挿入した複数個の空隙形成部材と共に充填する充填工程と、
b) 前記希土類磁石合金粉末を磁界中で配向する配向工程と、
c) 前記希土類磁石合金粉末を前記粉末充填容器ごと加熱することにより、該希土類磁石合金粉末を焼結する焼結工程と、
をこの順で行い、
d) 前記配向工程よりも後であって、前記希土類磁石合金粉末の焼結が始まる前に前記複数個の空隙形成部材を除去する、
ことにより、空隙を有する希土類焼結磁石を製造することを特徴とする希土類焼結磁石製造方法。 - 前記除去を前記焼結工程の前に行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の希土類焼結磁石製造方法。
- 前記空隙形成部材が板材及び/又は棒材であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の希土類焼結磁石製造方法。
- 前記配向工程において前記希土類磁石合金粉末を前記空隙形成部材に平行な方向の磁界中で配向することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の希土類焼結磁石製造方法。
- 前記充填工程において前記希土類磁石合金粉末と共にバインダを粉末充填容器に充填することを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の希土類焼結磁石製造方法。
- 前記除去後に、前記空隙に埋込部材を埋め込むことを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の希土類焼結磁石製造方法。
- 前記希土類磁石合金がNd-Fe-B系磁石合金であり、
前記焼結工程により得られた焼結体が有する空隙にDy及び/又はTbを含む物質を注入して加熱することにより、Dy及び/又はTbを該焼結体中に拡散させる拡散工程を行うことを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の希土類焼結磁石製造方法。 - 前記拡散工程後に前記空隙に埋込部材を埋め込むことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の希土類焼結磁石製造方法。
- 前記埋込部材が絶縁体であることを特徴とする請求項6又は8に記載の希土類焼結磁石製造方法。
- 前記充填工程時においては前記粉末充填容器又は該粉末充填容器の蓋に設けられた挿入口から該粉末充填容器内に前記空隙形成部材を挿入し、前記除去時においては該挿入口から該空隙形成部材を抜き取ることを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の希土類焼結磁石製造方法。
- 希土類磁石合金の粉末を充填するモールドと、
前記モールドに取り付けられる蓋と、
前記モールドに設けられ、該蓋を該モールドに装着した際に該モールドへの挿入深さが該モールドの深さよりも浅く、前記粉末の焼結温度よりも低い温度で液化又は気化する材料から成る空隙形成部材と、
を備えることを特徴とする希土類焼結磁石製造用粉末充填容器。
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| PCT/JP2009/005726 WO2010052862A1 (ja) | 2008-11-06 | 2009-10-29 | 希土類焼結磁石製造方法及び希土類焼結磁石製造用粉末充填容器 |
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| EP2348518A4 (en) | 2015-02-25 |
| CN102209999A (zh) | 2011-10-05 |
| EP2348518A1 (en) | 2011-07-27 |
| US20110250087A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
| WO2010052862A1 (ja) | 2010-05-14 |
| JPWO2010052862A1 (ja) | 2012-04-05 |
| EP2348518B1 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
| CN105355415A (zh) | 2016-02-24 |
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