JP5755157B2 - Fuel evaluation method and fuel adjustment method for avoiding slugging of low-grade fuel - Google Patents
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本発明は、例えば褐炭又はバイオマス等の低品位燃料のスラッギングを回避する燃料評価方法及び燃料調整方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a fuel evaluation method and a fuel adjustment method for avoiding slugging of low-grade fuel such as lignite or biomass.
例えば褐炭又はバイオマス等の低品位燃料の灰は付着性が大きく、それら燃料の単独での燃焼は難しく、瀝青炭等のスラッギング性のない高品位炭と混焼することが提案されている（特許文献１）。
この混焼においても適切に付着性を予測する必要がある。
For example, low-grade fuel ash such as lignite or biomass has high adhesion, and it is difficult to burn these fuels alone. ).
It is necessary to appropriately predict adhesion even in this mixed firing.
石炭の場合、灰のスラッギング・ファウリング性を評価する手法は各種あり、一般には、石炭を灰化処理した灰を用いて、その灰組成から推算する方法が主流であり、ＪＩＳに規定されている（非特許文献）。 In the case of coal, there are various methods for evaluating the slagging and fouling properties of ash, and in general, the method of estimating the ash composition from the ash obtained by ashing coal is the mainstream, and is defined in JIS. (Non-patent literature).
石炭類やコークス類の燃料における灰の溶融性試験方法としては、ＪＩＳ Ｍ ８８０１、ＪＩＳ Ｍ ８８１２、ＪＩＳ Ｍ ８８１５等がある。 Examples of ash melting test methods for coal and coke fuels include JIS M 8801, JIS M 8812, and JIS M 8815.
褐炭等やバイオマス等の低品位燃料を用いる場合も、同様なＪＩＳに準拠した手法により評価することが提案されている。 When using low grade fuels such as lignite and biomass, it has been proposed to evaluate by a similar method based on JIS.
しかしながら、ＪＩＳに準拠した評価方法における灰化温度は、灰化温度が８１５℃と規定されているので、これを低品位燃料に適用した場合には、以下のような問題がある。
すなわち、低品位燃料を用いて、高品位炭と同じ手法の８１５℃で灰化して、灰組成を分析しようとすると、灰試料の作成時に、灰が試料皿に固着し、全量回収が困難になり、低品位燃料中の正しい組成が得られない、という問題がある。
However, since the ashing temperature in the evaluation method based on JIS is defined as 815 ° C., when this is applied to a low-grade fuel, there are the following problems.
In other words, using low grade fuel and ashing at 815 ° C. in the same way as high grade coal and trying to analyze the ash composition, the ash sticks to the sample pan when making the ash sample, making it difficult to recover the entire amount. Therefore, there is a problem that a correct composition in a low-grade fuel cannot be obtained.
これは、低品位燃料では、高品位炭に較べて、Ｎａ、Ｋ等のアルカリ分を多く含むので灰が低融点化する。低融点物の存在は、固着の要因となるからである。 This is because the low-grade fuel contains a higher amount of alkali such as Na and K than the high-grade coal, so that the ash has a low melting point. This is because the presence of a low-melting-point material causes sticking.
このため、低品位燃料の灰化温度を６００℃程度と低温灰化して灰組成を評価することが提案されているが、この場合には、炭酸（ＣＯ2）分や硫酸（ＳＯ3）分が組成に存在する。この結果、各種燃料評価（例えば「Ｒｆ値評価方法」等）において、炭酸（ＣＯ2）分や硫酸（ＳＯ3）分が組成を含んだ状態での評価となり、適切な評価ができない、という問題がある。 For this reason, it has been proposed to evaluate the ash composition by ashing a low-grade fuel at a low ash temperature of about 600 ° C. In this case, the carbonic acid (CO 2 ) content or sulfuric acid (SO 3 ) content is evaluated. Is present in the composition. As a result, in various fuel evaluations (for example, “Rf value evaluation method”, etc.), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) content and sulfuric acid (SO 3 ) content are evaluated in a state containing the composition, and appropriate evaluation cannot be performed. There is.
一方、ボイラ燃焼の際には、高温場燃焼（一般に１，４００〜１，５００℃）であり、このような高温場においては、通常炭酸分や硫酸分が存在しないので、燃料評価が適正ではない、という問題がある。 On the other hand, in the case of boiler combustion, high-temperature field combustion (generally 1,400 to 1,500 ° C.), and in such a high-temperature field, since there is usually no carbonic acid or sulfuric acid, the fuel evaluation is not appropriate. There is no problem.
本発明は、前記問題に鑑み、例えば褐炭又はバイオマス等の低品位燃料のスラッギングを回避することが可能な低品位燃料のスラッギングを回避する燃料評価方法及び燃料調整方法を提供することを課題とする。 This invention makes it a subject to provide the fuel evaluation method and fuel adjustment method which avoid the slugging of the low quality fuel which can avoid the slugging of low quality fuels, such as lignite or biomass, etc. in view of the said problem, for example. .
上述した課題を解決するための本発明の第１の発明は、低品位燃料の灰を分析して、低品位燃料のスラッギングを回避する燃料評価方法であって、低品位燃料を灰化して得た灰組成分析値から低品位燃料に含まれる炭酸（ＣＯ2）分の組成割合を全体の割合から除去して灰成分組成を校正した校正値に基づいて、低品位燃料の下記式（１）に基づいて算出したＲｆ値評価方法に基づくＲｆ値の評価を行うことを特徴とする低品位燃料のスラッギングを回避する燃料評価方法にある。
Ｒｆ値＝低品位燃料中の塩基性成分の合計量／低品位燃料中の酸性成分の合計量×低品位燃料中のＮａ ２ Ｏ含有量 ・・・式（１）
A first invention of the present invention for solving the above-described problem is a fuel evaluation method for analyzing ash of low-grade fuel and avoiding slugging of low-grade fuel, and obtained by ashing low-grade fuel. Based on the calibration value obtained by calibrating the ash component composition by removing the composition ratio of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) contained in the low grade fuel from the ash composition analysis value, the following formula (1) of the low grade fuel is obtained. In the fuel evaluation method for avoiding slugging of low-grade fuel, the Rf value is evaluated based on the Rf value evaluation method calculated based on
Rf value = total amount of basic components in low grade fuel / total amount of acidic components in low grade fuel × Na 2 O content in low grade fuel Formula (1)
第２の発明は、第１の発明において、低品位燃料を灰化して得た灰組成分析値から低品位燃料に含まれる硫酸（ＳＯ3）分の組成割合を全体の割合から除去して灰成分組成を校正した校正値に基づいて、低品位燃料のＲｆ値の評価を行うことを特徴とする低品位燃料のスラッギングを回避する燃料評価方法にある。 The second invention is the first invention, to remove the composition ratio of sulfate (SO 3) component contained from ash composition analysis values obtained by ashing the low grade fuels to low-grade fuel from the entire proportion of ash There is a fuel evaluation method for avoiding slugging of a low-grade fuel, characterized in that an Rf value of a low-grade fuel is evaluated based on a calibration value obtained by calibrating a component composition.
第３の発明は、第１又は２の発明において、低品位燃料を８００℃以下で灰化した第１灰化灰を用いて灰組成分析値を得ることを特徴とする低品位燃料のスラッギングを回避する燃料評価方法にある。 The third invention is the invention of the first or 2, the low-grade fuel, characterized in Rukoto give ash composition analysis value using the first ashing ash the low-grade fuel ashed at 800 ° C. or less slagging There is a fuel evaluation method that avoids this.
第４の発明は、第１又は２の発明において、低品位燃料を８００℃以下で灰化して第１灰化灰を得た後、さらに、前記第１灰化灰を１，１００℃以上で灰化した第２灰化灰を用いて試験錐を作製して灰溶融特性試験を実施することを特徴とする低品位燃料のスラッギングを回避する燃料評価方法にある。 According to a fourth invention, in the first or second invention, after the low-grade fuel is incinerated at 800 ° C. or lower to obtain the first incinerated ash, the first incinerated ash is further added at 1,100 ° C. or higher. A fuel evaluation method for avoiding slugging of low-grade fuel, characterized in that a test cone is produced using the second ashed ash that has been ashed, and an ash melting characteristic test is performed.
第５の発明は、第１乃至４のいずれか一つの発明の低品位燃料のスラッギングを回避する燃料評価方法により評価された低品位燃料について、その評価度合いに応じて、高品位炭との混合割合を調整し、混合燃焼用の燃料を調整することを特徴とする低品位燃料のスラッギングを回避する燃料調整方法にある。
A fifth invention is the low-grade fuel, which is evaluated by the fuel evaluation method to avoid slugging of low-grade fuels of any one invention of the first to fourth, according to the evaluation degree, mixing with high-grade coal There is a fuel adjustment method for avoiding slugging of low-grade fuel, characterized by adjusting a ratio and adjusting a fuel for mixed combustion.
本発明によれば、灰分析値から、炭酸分や硫酸分を差し引いた灰成分組成を校正し、その値をもって評価するので、燃料評価が適正となる。この結果、灰のスラッギング・ファウリングが生じないように、低品位燃料に対する高品位炭の混合割合を調整し、燃焼性が良好な混合燃料を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, the ash component composition obtained by subtracting the carbonic acid content and sulfuric acid content from the ash analysis value is calibrated and evaluated based on the value, so that the fuel evaluation becomes appropriate. As a result, it is possible to provide a mixed fuel with good combustibility by adjusting the mixing ratio of high-grade coal to low-grade fuel so that ash slugging / fouling does not occur.
以下、この発明につき図面を参照しつつ詳細に説明する。なお、この実施例により本発明が限定されるものではなく、また、実施例が複数ある場合には、各実施例を組み合わせて構成するものも含むものである。また、下記実施例における構成要素には、当業者が容易に想定できるもの、あるいは実質的に同一のものが含まれる。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited by this Example, Moreover, when there exists multiple Example, what comprises combining each Example is also included. In addition, constituent elements in the following embodiments include those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art or those that are substantially the same.
本発明による実施例に係る低品位燃料のスラッギングを回避する燃料評価方法及び燃料調整方法について、図面を参照して説明する。
本発明で、低品位燃料とは、褐炭や亜瀝青炭等の石炭燃料や、バイオマス等の木質燃料等の高品位炭に較べて炭化度の低い燃料をいう。
A fuel evaluation method and a fuel adjustment method for avoiding slugging of low-grade fuel according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In the present invention, the low-grade fuel refers to a fuel having a low carbonization degree compared to coal fuel such as lignite and subbituminous coal, and high-grade coal such as woody fuel such as biomass.
表１は、高品位炭である瀝青炭と、低品位燃料であるバイオマス（木質ペレット）との灰組成の分析結果の一例を示す。
灰化温度は、高品位炭は８１５℃、低品位燃料は６００℃とした。
The ashing temperature was 815 ° C. for high-grade coal and 600 ° C. for low-grade fuel.
高品位炭では、炭酸（ＣＯ2）分の割合が極僅かであるので、分析結果の生値と、炭酸（ＣＯ2）分を差し引いて除去した値の校正値（ＣＯ2、ＳＯ3補正値）とは変化が見られない。 For high-grade coal, the proportion of carbonic acid (CO 2 ) is very small, so the raw value of the analysis result and the calibration value (CO 2 , SO 3 correction value) of the value obtained by subtracting the carbonic acid (CO 2 ) component. ) And no change.
これに対し、低品位燃料では、炭酸（ＣＯ2）分の割合が多い（約半分）ので、分析結果の生値と、炭酸（ＣＯ2）分を差し引いて除去した値の校正値（ＣＯ2、ＳＯ3補正値）とは大きな変化が見られた。 On the other hand, since the ratio of carbonic acid (CO 2 ) is large (about half) in the low-grade fuel, the raw value of the analysis result and the calibration value (CO 2 ) obtained by subtracting the carbonic acid (CO 2 ) component are removed. , SO 3 correction value) was significantly changed.
この結果より、燃料を評価する一手法である「Ｒｆ値評価方法」を用いて、燃料を評価する場合、高品位炭では、そのＲｆ値には生値と校正値とでは変化は無い。
これに対して低品位燃料では、生値と校正値とではそのＲｆ値が大きく異なるので、Ｒｆ値の評価結果に大きな影響が生ずることとなる。
From this result, when the fuel is evaluated using the “Rf value evaluation method” which is one method for evaluating the fuel, the high-quality coal has no change between the raw value and the calibration value.
On the other hand, in the low-grade fuel, the Rf value is greatly different between the raw value and the calibration value, so that the evaluation result of the Rf value is greatly affected.
ここで、Ｒｆ値は、Ｂ／Ａ×％Ｎａ2Ｏより求められ、表１中の合計の塩基性成分（Ｆｅ2Ｏ3、ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯ、Ｋ2Ｏ、Ｎａ2Ｏ）量「Ｂ値」を、合計の酸性成分（ＳｉＯ2、ＴｉＯ2、Ａｌ2Ｏ3）量「Ａ値」で割り、これにＮａ2Ｏ量を乗じた値をいう。 Here, the Rf value is obtained from B / A ×% Na 2 O, and the total amount of basic components (Fe 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO, K 2 O, Na 2 O) in Table 1 “B value”. Is divided by the total amount of acidic components (SiO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 ) “A value” and multiplied by the amount of Na 2 O.
よって、低品位燃料の燃料評価をする場合には、所定温度で灰化した灰分析値から、炭酸分や硫酸分を差し引いた灰成分組成を校正し、その値をもって評価することが必須となる。
この校正の結果により、灰組成が本来のボイラ燃焼での灰組成となるので、燃料評価が適正となる。
この結果、灰のスラッギング・ファウリングが生じないように、低品位燃料に対する高品位炭の混合割合を調整し、燃焼性が良好な混合燃料を提供することができる。
Therefore, when fuel evaluation of low-grade fuel is performed, it is essential to calibrate the ash component composition obtained by subtracting carbonic acid and sulfuric acid from the ash analysis value incinerated at a predetermined temperature, and to evaluate with that value. .
As a result of this calibration, the ash composition becomes the ash composition in the original boiler combustion, so that the fuel evaluation is appropriate.
As a result, it is possible to provide a mixed fuel with good combustibility by adjusting the mixing ratio of high-grade coal to low-grade fuel so that ash slugging / fouling does not occur.
図１は、各種燃料の灰化温度（℃）と灰の重量減少率（ｗｔ％）との関係図である。
図２は、高品位炭の灰化軟化状態を示す図である。図３は、低品位燃料の灰化軟化状態を示す図である。
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the ashing temperature (° C.) of various fuels and the weight reduction rate (wt%) of ash.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the ashing and softening state of high-grade coal. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the ashing softening state of the low-grade fuel.
図１に示すように、１，０００℃以上での灰化温度の場合、瀝青炭の場合、灰の重量減少率はほとんど変化が無い。
これに対し、木質ペレット（バイオマス）、亜瀝青炭等の低品位燃料では、これらに含まれる炭酸（ＣＯ2）分や硫酸（ＳＯ3）分の影響により、灰化の際にガスとして灰から放出されるので、灰の重量減少が見られる。
As shown in FIG. 1, in the case of an ashing temperature of 1,000 ° C. or higher, in the case of bituminous coal, there is almost no change in the weight reduction rate of ash.
In contrast, low-grade fuels such as wood pellets (biomass) and sub-bituminous coal release from ash as gas during ashing due to the carbon (CO 2 ) and sulfuric acid (SO 3 ) content contained in these fuels. As a result, the weight of ash is reduced.
木質ペレット（バイオマス）は、炭酸（ＣＯ2）分が放出されるだけであるので、１，１００℃以上での変化は見られない。
これに対し、亜瀝青炭では、１，０００℃から昇温するにつれて、炭酸（ＣＯ2）分や硫酸（ＳＯ3）分が共に放出されるので、灰の重量減少が１，３００℃まで確認された。
Since wood pellets (biomass) only release carbonic acid (CO 2 ), no change is observed at 1,100 ° C. or higher.
On the other hand, in subbituminous coal, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and sulfuric acid (SO 3 ) are released together as the temperature rises from 1,000 ° C., so the weight reduction of ash is confirmed to 1,300 ° C. It was.
ここで、灰溶融特性試験の一例を示す。
一般に、高品位炭由来の灰の軟化状態は、図２に示すように、所定の円錐形状の試験錐を作製する。次いで、例えば８００℃付近から炉の最高温度（例えば１，６００℃）まで均一な速度で昇温し、その間における灰の溶融状況を観測し、各特性温度を計測する。
計測する温度により、ＩＤＴ、ＳＴ、ＨＴ、ＦＴ等の灰の軟化点、融点、溶流点を測定により求めている。
ここで、ＩＤＴとは、試験錐の変形開始温度であり、頂点が丸くなり始める温度である。
ここで、ＳＴとは、試験錐の球軟化温度であり、高さと底辺が等しくなり始める温度である。
ここで、ＨＴとは、試験錐の半球軟化温度であり、高さが底辺の１／２になる温度である。
ここで、ＦＴとは、試験錐の流動温度であり、高さが底辺の最大１／１６になる温度である。
Here, an example of an ash melting characteristic test is shown.
In general, the softened state of ash derived from high-grade coal produces a test cone having a predetermined conical shape as shown in FIG. Next, for example, the temperature is raised at a uniform rate from around 800 ° C. to the maximum temperature of the furnace (for example, 1,600 ° C.), the ash melting state in the meantime is observed, and each characteristic temperature is measured.
The softening point, melting point, and melting point of ash such as IDT, ST, HT, and FT are determined by measurement according to the temperature to be measured.
Here, IDT is the deformation start temperature of the test cone, and is the temperature at which the apex begins to become round.
Here, ST is the sphere softening temperature of the test cone, and is the temperature at which the height and base start to be equal.
Here, HT is the hemispheric softening temperature of the test cone, and is the temperature at which the height is ½ of the base.
Here, FT is the flow temperature of the test cone and is the temperature at which the height is 1/16 at the maximum of the bottom.
灰化の際の試料皿への固着を防止するために６００℃で灰化した灰を用いる場合には、灰溶融特性試験を実施する際に、灰中に炭酸（ＣＯ2）分が含まれているので、図３に示すように、加熱により炭酸（ＣＯ2）分が放出される現象により、試験錐が変化したと判断して、ＳＴ（試験錐の球軟化温度）とかＩＤＴ（試験錐の変形開始温度）とか判断を見誤ることがあり、適正な評価ができない。 When using ash that has been incinerated at 600 ° C. in order to prevent sticking to the sample pan during ashing, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is contained in the ash when the ash melting property test is performed. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, it is determined that the test cone has changed due to the phenomenon that carbonic acid (CO 2 ) is released by heating, and ST (test cone sphere softening temperature) or IDT (test cone). May be misunderstood, and proper evaluation cannot be made.
よって、灰の評価の際において、先ず、低品位燃料を８００℃以下で灰化して第１灰化灰を得た後、次に、前記第１灰化灰を１，１００℃以上で更に灰化して第２灰化灰を得るようにする。そして、２段階の灰化により得られた第２灰化灰を用いて、試験錐を作製して、灰溶融特性試験を実施する。 Therefore, in the evaluation of ash, first, the low grade fuel is incinerated at 800 ° C. or lower to obtain the first incinerated ash, and then the first incinerated ash is further ashed at 1,100 ° C. or higher. To obtain second incinerated ash. Then, using the second ashed ash obtained by the two-step ashing, a test cone is prepared and an ash melting characteristic test is performed.
これにより、第２灰化の際に、含まれる炭酸（ＣＯ2）分や硫酸（ＳＯ3）分を除去させることで、炭酸（ＣＯ2）分や硫酸（ＳＯ3）分等による影響を除外し、誤差のない灰溶融特性試験を実施することができる。 Thus, excluded in the second ashing, the carbonate (CO 2) content and sulfate (SO 3) thereby removing the components contained, the effect of carbon dioxide (CO 2) content and sulfate (SO 3) content such as Thus, an ash melting characteristic test without error can be performed.
ここで、８００℃以下の第１灰化温度は、好適には、５００〜６００℃の範囲とするのが好ましい。これは６００℃以上で灰化する場合、アルカリ溶融化合物による固着の影響を回避するためである。 Here, the first ashing temperature of 800 ° C. or lower is preferably in the range of 500 to 600 ° C. This is for avoiding the influence of fixation by the alkali molten compound when ashing at 600 ° C. or higher.
以上より、本発明によれば、低品位燃料のスラッギングを回避する燃料評価方法により評価された低品位燃料は、その評価度合いに応じて、高品位炭との混合割合を調整して混合燃焼用の燃料とすることで、灰付着性の無いスラッギングを回避した燃料調整が可能となる。 As described above, according to the present invention, the low-grade fuel evaluated by the fuel evaluation method that avoids the slugging of the low-grade fuel is used for mixed combustion by adjusting the mixing ratio with the high-grade coal according to the evaluation degree. By using this fuel, fuel adjustment that avoids slagging without ash adhesion is possible.
Claims (5)
低品位燃料を灰化して得た灰組成分析値から低品位燃料に含まれる炭酸（ＣＯ2）分の組成割合を全体の割合から除去して灰成分組成を校正した校正値に基づいて、低品位燃料の下記式（１）に基づいて算出したＲｆ値評価方法に基づくＲｆ値の評価を行うことを特徴とする低品位燃料のスラッギングを回避する燃料評価方法。
Ｒｆ値＝低品位燃料中の塩基性成分の合計量／低品位燃料中の酸性成分の合計量×低品位燃料中のＮａ ２ Ｏ含有量 ・・・式（１） A fuel evaluation method that analyzes ash of low-grade fuel and avoids slugging of low-grade fuel,
Based on the calibrated value obtained by calibrating the ash component composition by removing the composition ratio of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) contained in the low-grade fuel from the total ratio from the ash composition analysis value obtained by ashing the low-grade fuel. A fuel evaluation method for avoiding slugging of low-grade fuel, characterized in that an Rf value is evaluated based on an Rf value evaluation method calculated based on the following formula (1) for a high-grade fuel.
Rf value = total amount of basic components in low grade fuel / total amount of acidic components in low grade fuel × Na 2 O content in low grade fuel Formula (1)
低品位燃料を灰化して得た灰組成分析値から低品位燃料に含まれる硫酸（ＳＯ3）分の組成割合を全体の割合から除去して灰成分組成を校正した校正値に基づいて、低品位燃料の前記Ｒｆ値の評価を行うことを特徴とする低品位燃料のスラッギングを回避する燃料評価方法。 In claim 1,
Based on the calibrated value obtained by calibrating the ash component composition by removing the composition ratio of sulfuric acid (SO 3 ) contained in the low grade fuel from the ash composition analysis value obtained by ashing the low grade fuel, A fuel evaluation method for avoiding slugging of low-grade fuel, wherein the Rf value of the grade fuel is evaluated.
低品位燃料を８００℃以下で灰化した第１灰化灰を用いて灰組成分析値を得ることを特徴とする低品位燃料のスラッギングを回避する燃料評価方法。 In claim 1 or 2,
A fuel evaluation method for avoiding slugging of low-grade fuel, characterized in that an ash composition analysis value is obtained using first ashed ash obtained by ashing low-grade fuel at 800 ° C. or lower.
低品位燃料を８００℃以下で灰化して第１灰化灰を得た後、さらに、前記第１灰化灰を１，１００℃以上で灰化した第２灰化灰を用いて試験錐を作製して灰溶融特性試験を実施することを特徴とする低品位燃料のスラッギングを回避する燃料評価方法。 In claim 1 or 2,
After obtaining the first Haikahai by a low-grade fuel ashed at 800 ° C. or less, further, a test cone with second ashing ash said first Haikahai ashed at 1,100 ° C. or higher A fuel evaluation method for avoiding slugging of low-grade fuel, characterized in that it is manufactured and subjected to an ash melting characteristic test.
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