JP5757616B2 - Impact reduction device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an impact mitigation device, and in particular, is installed on a vehicle such as an automobile, a train, an aircraft, a spacecraft, a ship, a cableway, an elevator, or a guardrail, a power pole, a road branch, a road bend, a runway, a heliport, etc. It relates to an impact mitigation device that can sometimes protect passengers and equipment.

  An impact absorbing device is provided to protect passengers and equipment in the event of a vehicle collision. The conventional shock absorbing device absorbs shock depending on its structure and material, and does not change the characteristics of the constituent materials. In addition, the shock absorbing performance cannot be adjusted instantaneously.

  Conventional shock absorbers include a type using plastic deformation (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2) and a type using friction (for example, see Patent Document 3). However, the impact cannot be absorbed sufficiently, sufficient rigidity cannot be obtained, the weight and volume become large, the amount of deformation and energy absorption of the member that instantaneously plastically deforms depending on the situation cannot be controlled, Since it is easy to break, there is a problem that a large impact is applied to the surroundings and surrounding members may be scattered.

  Further, the technology for forming the crushable zone with a monocoque structure is adopted in many vehicles, but there are problems similar to those described above and the impact absorbing device. For example, in order to ensure the necessary strength and rigidity, the impact absorption must be sacrificed to some extent. Furthermore, in order to ensure higher strength and rigidity, a partial skeleton is often added, and the impact cannot be absorbed sufficiently.

  Japanese Patent Publication No.59-9775 (Fig. 1)   Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2005-225397 (Fig. 1)   Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 5-141465 (Fig. 1)

  As described above, the conventional technology cannot absorb the impact sufficiently, the rigidity cannot be obtained, the weight / volume increases, and the amount of deformation and energy absorption of the member that instantaneously deforms depending on the situation can be reduced. There is a problem that it cannot be controlled, a member is easily broken, a large impact is applied to the surroundings, and surrounding members may be scattered.

  The present invention has been devised to solve such problems, and while maintaining the necessary rigidity, it can reduce and absorb impacts reliably, contribute to light weight and compactness, and respond to the situation. It is an object of the present invention to provide an impact mitigation device capable of instantaneously controlling impact absorption / reduction characteristics and preventing members from scattering.

  The impact reducing device of the present invention that achieves the above object is characterized in that a vibrator is brought into contact with an object to apply vibration.

The first problem solving means is to reduce the deformation resistance of an object such as a metal by applying vibration in the ultrasonic region, for example. The phenomenon that the deformation resistance is lowered by application of ultrasonic waves is known as the Blaha effect. The first problem solving means you mainly use this Blaha effect.

The second problem-solving means reduces frictional resistance by applying vibrations in the ultrasonic region, for example. Normally, the vibrator is pressed against an object such as metal with a large frictional resistance, but at the moment of impact, the frictional resistance decreases and the vibrator and the object slide against each other. To absorb the shock. You may make it the structure which press-fits a vibrator | oscillator in a cylinder.

The third problem solving means is characterized in that it can move the object which is thus in contact with the vibrator. For example, the relative speed of the collision object can be changed by exciting the complex vibration and moving the object like an ultrasonic motor. Lowering the relative speed can further reduce the impact. In addition, the movement of the collision object can be stopped using the driving force by vibration energy.

The fourth problem-solving means is characterized in that, for example, frictional resistance with a collision object is reduced by application of vibration in an ultrasonic region, and the movement direction of the collision object is changed.

The fifth problem solving means is characterized in that a desired impact reduction performance is obtained by adding a vibration adjustment function. That is, the vibration amplitude, frequency, waveform, etc. are adjusted according to the situation such as the magnitude of the impact to control the deformation amount and frictional resistance of the object.

As described above, according to the present invention, for example, vibration in the ultrasonic region is applied to an object such as a metal. According to the first problem solving means , a highly rigid structure is normally maintained and an impact is applied. At the moment of receiving, the object can be easily bent and the shock can be reliably absorbed. Since a vehicle body or the like can be configured using a material having high rigidity, a structure having high rigidity can be realized with a small number of members, and the overall structure can be reduced in weight and size. It can also be used for heavy vehicles that require high rigidity, rough road vehicles, disaster vehicles, high-speed vehicles, spacecrafts, and the like. In addition, since the object can be bent without breaking by application of vibration, damage to the next stage can be reduced, and secondary damage such as scattering of members accompanying breakage can be prevented.

According to the second problem solving means , the vibrator and the object slide with each other at the moment of receiving the impact, and the impact can be absorbed by the frictional force at that time. Since the means is different from the first problem solving means , the same effect can be obtained although the magnitude of the effect is different. Since the deformation of the member is not used, the secondary damage such as the scattering of the member accompanying the fracture can be further reduced.

According to the third problem solving means , the relative speed of the collision object can be changed. Lowering the relative speed can further reduce the impact. In addition, the movement of the collision object can be stopped using the driving force by vibration energy.

According to the fourth problem solving means , at the moment when the impact is received, the frictional resistance with the collision object can be reduced by applying the vibration, and the movement direction of the collision object can be changed. For example, when applied to the bow, it is possible to prevent the collision object from sinking into the bow and reduce the amount of damage.

According to the fifth problem solving means , the shock absorption / reduction characteristics can be instantaneously controlled according to the situation. For example, in the case of a shock that is so large that the vehicle collides with a utility pole and the space where the passenger is present is destroyed. However, when the vehicle collides with a person or the like, the rigidity can be further reduced.

1 is a conceptual diagram of an impact reducing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram of the impact reduction apparatus concerning the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram of the impact reduction apparatus concerning the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram of the impact reduction apparatus concerning the 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram of the impact reduction apparatus concerning the 5th Embodiment of this invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is an external view of Example 1 of the impact reduction apparatus using the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is an external view of Example 2 of the impact reducing apparatus using the first embodiment of the present invention. It is an external view of Example 3 of the impact reducing apparatus using the first embodiment of the present invention. It is an external view of Example 4 of the impact reducing apparatus using the fourth embodiment of the present invention. It is an external view of Example 5 of an impact mitigation device using both the first and fifth embodiments of the present invention. It is an actual measurement graph which shows the result of having carried out the verification test about the 1st Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention. It is roughly composed of a vibrator 1 such as a bolted Langevin vibrator and an object 2 such as an aluminum alloy or steel with which the vibrator 1 is brought into contact. The vibrator 1 is preferably driven at a frequency in the ultrasonic region. The object 2 may be rod-shaped or plate-shaped. The vibrator 1 and the object 2 may be in a state where they are not fixed completely but pressed against each other, such as screwing with bolts, welding, adhesion, pressure bonding, and integral processing. When the vibrator 1 vibrates like, for example, the axial vibration distribution 3, the deformation resistance of the object 2 decreases, and when the colliding object 4 collides with the object 2, the object 2 deforms as shown by the dotted line and absorbs the impact. To do.

  FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. The collision object 4 has the function of the object 2 and the vibrator 1 and the object 2 are separated before the collision. When the collision object 4 collides with the vibrator 1, the deformation resistance of the object 2 is reduced by the vibration, and the object 2 is deformed as indicated by a dotted line to absorb the impact.

  FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. Similar to the first embodiment, the vibrator 1 and the object 2 with which the vibrator 1 is brought into contact are roughly configured. However, the vibrator 1 and the object 2 are configured to be slidable with respect to each other. By applying the vibration, the frictional resistance decreases, the vibrator 1 and the object 2 slide with each other, and the impact is absorbed by the frictional force at that time. A structure in which the object 2 is cylindrical and the vibrator 1 is press-fitted may be used.

  FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention. It is roughly composed of a composite vibrator 5 and an object 2 in contact with the composite vibrator 5. The composite vibrator 5 and the object 2 are slidable with each other, and the object 2 can be moved in both directions by applying the composite vibration. By moving the object 2, it is possible to change the relative speed of the collision object and further reduce the impact. Further, the movement of the collision object can be stopped using the driving force of the object 2.

  FIG. 5 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Similar to the first to fourth embodiments, the vibrator 1 and the object 2 with which the vibrator 1 is brought into contact are roughly configured. However, unlike the first to fourth embodiments, the object 2 and the collision object 4 And the direction of motion of the collision object 4 is changed.

  FIG. 6 is Example 1 using the first embodiment. When a plurality of vibrators 1 are installed on a frame 6 such as a vehicle body and vibrated, each part is easily deformed and absorbs an impact. FIG. 6A shows the state before the collision, and FIG. 6B shows the state after the collision. It is also preferable to round the tip portion of the vibrator 1 in consideration of the bending of the frame 6.

  FIG. 7 is Example 2 using the first embodiment. For example, a plurality of vibrators 1 are installed on a hexagonal frame 6 as shown in FIG. FIG. 7 shows an example in which the vibrator 1 is installed in a direction perpendicular to the surface formed by the frame 6, but it may be installed in the surface formed by the frame 6 as in FIG. 6. 7A shows a case where the vibrator 1 is installed only on one side of the side surface of the frame 6, and FIG. 7B shows a case where the vibrator 1 is installed on both sides of the side surface of the frame 6. An impact absorbing device having a honeycomb structure in which a plurality of the embodiments are combined can also be realized.

  FIG. 8 is Example 3 using the first embodiment. The vibrator 1 is fixed to the slidable collision portion 7 with a flange 8, and the vibrator 1 is pressed against the object 2. The object 2 is placed on the table 9, and when an impact is applied to the collision part 7, it bends and absorbs the impact. The collision part 7 is slid using the shaft 10 and the linear bush 11, for example.

  FIG. 9 is Example 4 using the fourth embodiment. The impact mitigation device of this embodiment shown in the figure includes a composite vibrator 5, an object 2 in contact with the composite vibrator 5, a slide guide 12 on which the object 2 is installed, a collision portion 7, a pressure application spring 13, and pressure application. It is comprised roughly from the spring fixing tool 14 and the housing | casing 15. FIG. By applying the composite vibration, the slide guide 12 is moved in an arbitrary direction.

  FIG. 10 is Example 5 using the first and fifth embodiments at the same time. The impact reducing device of this embodiment shown in the figure is an example applied to a skid 16 of a helicopter. The impact is reduced by reducing friction with the landing point and deforming the skid 16.

Demonstration Test FIG. 11 shows the results of a demonstration test on the first embodiment. A wedge type horn (15 mm in width at the tip) was attached to a bolted Langevin type vibrator having a resonance frequency of about 17 kHz with a diameter of 56 mm to constitute an impact absorbing device. A shock application weight is dropped on the top plate of the shock absorber, and the impact is absorbed by bending an aluminum alloy plate (JISA6063) pressed against the tip of the horn. The used aluminum alloy plate has a width of 20 mm, a length of 200 mm, and a thickness of 2 mm. The impact sensor was fixed with a bolt at a position (on the top plate) that was 105 mm away from the center position where the weight for impact application collided, and the output was measured. It was confirmed that the impact was absorbed by application of ultrasonic vibration.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment and the Example of this invention were described, the scope of the present invention is not limited to this.

The present invention can be used for vehicles such as automobiles, trains, aircrafts, spacecrafts, ships, cableways, elevators, guardrails, utility poles, road branching parts, road bending parts, runways, heliports, and the like.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vibrator 2 Object 3 Axial vibration distribution 4 Colliding object 5 Compound vibrator 6 Frame 7 Colliding part 8 Flange 9 Base 10 Shaft 11 Linear bush 12 Slide guide 13 Pressure application spring 14 Pressure application spring fixture 15 Housing 16 Skid

Claims (5)

An impact mitigation device having a vibrator and an object that is in contact with the vibrator and is subjected to an impact force , wherein the vibrator is excited to reduce the deformation resistance of the object and reduce the impact. Characteristic impact reduction device.   2. The impact reducing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the object and the vibrator are configured to be slidable with each other, and the frictional resistance between the vibrator and the object is reduced by applying a vibration. . In the impact mitigation device according to claim 2, impact mitigation device characterized by capable of moving the object by the transducer. In the impact mitigation device according to claim 1, by the application of vibration to reduce the frictional resistance between the object and the collision object, impact mitigation device characterized by changing the direction of movement of the collision object. In the impact mitigation device according to any one of claims 1 -4, impact mitigation device, characterized in that by adding a vibration adjusting function adjusts the oscillation amplitude, frequency, and waveform obtain the desired impact mitigation performance.

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