JP5768636B2 - Burner and boiler equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a burner that sprays and burns liquid fuel such as kerosene or heavy oil.

Conventionally, in a boiler apparatus that heats water by burning a liquid fuel such as heavy oil or light oil inside a combustion chamber to generate steam or hot water, the fuel is sprayed downwardly disposed at the upper part of the boiler apparatus. A burner including a combustion nozzle and a plurality of air nozzles arranged around the combustion nozzle and injecting air downward is used (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
In such a burner, the air injected from the plurality of air nozzles and the fuel sprayed from the combustion nozzle are mixed and burned in the space below the combustion nozzle and the plurality of air nozzles.

JP 2005-16781 A

  By the way, in the above burner, the fuel is burned at a position where the air and the fuel are mixed in the space inside the combustion chamber. Therefore, the position where the fuel is burned changes greatly depending on the amount of air injection or the amount of fuel spray. If the position where the fuel is combusted in the space inside the combustion chamber changes greatly, the position of the flame generated with the combustion of the fuel will fluctuate, and the stability of the combustion of the fuel will decrease.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a burner that can stably hold the position of a flame generated as fuel is burned, that is, can improve flame holding performance.

The present invention includes a first combustion nozzle that sprays liquid fuel in a range of a first spray angle centered on a vertically lower side, and a plurality of nozzles that are disposed so as to surround the first combustion nozzle and inject air downward. And a combustion cylinder that is disposed outside the plurality of air nozzles and extends below the plurality of air nozzles, wherein the first combustion nozzle is sprayed from the first combustion nozzle. The fuel is disposed at a position where it reaches the inner peripheral surface in the vicinity of the lower end portion of the combustion cylinder, is disposed in the vicinity of the first combustion nozzle, and is in the second spray angle range centering on the lower part in the vertical direction. further comprising a second combustion nozzle for spraying the liquid fuel into the second combustion nozzles relates burner fuel sprayed from the second combustion nozzle Ru is disposed at a position not reaching the combustion cylinder.

The first combustion nozzle is preferably arranged at a position where a part of the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle reaches a partial region of the inner peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder.

The combustion cylinder is configured in a cylindrical shape, the first combustion nozzle is disposed at a position eccentric from the central axis of the combustion cylinder, and the second combustion nozzle is disposed on the central axis of the combustion cylinder. It is preferred that

  The burner has a first combustion state in which the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle is burned, and a second combustion state in which the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle and the second combustion nozzle is burned. It is preferable to provide.

Further, the first combustion nozzle is configured such that a part of the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle is 80 ° to 180 ° centering on the position of the central axis of the combustion cylinder in the circumferential direction of the lower end of the combustion cylinder. It is preferable to be arranged at a position that reaches the range.

The first combustion nozzle is preferably arranged at a position where a part of the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle reaches a range of 40 mm or less from the lower end of the combustion cylinder.

  The first spray angle is preferably larger than the second spray angle.

  Moreover, this invention relates to the boiler apparatus which comprises the above-mentioned burner.

  According to the burner of the present invention, the flame holding ability in the space inside the combustion chamber can be improved.

It is a longitudinal section showing a boiler device provided with a burner concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which expands and shows the burner in the boiler apparatus shown in FIG. It is an enlarged view of a 1st combustion nozzle and a 2nd combustion nozzle. FIG. 3 is a view as seen from an arrow A in FIG. 2.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the burner of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a boiler device 100 including a burner 1 of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the burner 1 of this embodiment comprises a part of boiler apparatus 100 which heats water by burning liquid fuels, such as heavy oil and light oil, and produces | generates a vapor | steam or warm water.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the boiler device 100 includes a can 20, a plurality of water pipes 30, a lower header 40, an upper header 50, and a burner 1. A combustion chamber 22 and a combustion gas passage 23 are formed inside the can 20.

  The can 20 is configured in a cylindrical shape, and constitutes the main part of the outer shape of the boiler device 100. The can 20 is disposed such that the height direction is along the vertical direction. An opening 21 is formed in the upper part of the peripheral surface of the can body 20.

  The plurality of water tubes 30 are arranged extending in the vertical direction inside the can body 20. As shown in FIG. 1, the plurality of water pipes 30 constitute an inner water pipe group 31 and an outer water pipe group 32 disposed outside the inner water pipe group 31. The inner water tube group 31 is configured by arranging a plurality of water tubes 30 in an annular shape so as to be coaxial with the central axis X of the can body 20. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the water pipe 30 which comprises the inner side water pipe group 31 is comprised by the diameter of the lower part, and in the part except this lower part, the water pipes 30 arrange | positioned adjacently are mutually. Arranged in contact.

  The outer water tube group 32 is configured to be arranged in an annular shape so that the plurality of water tubes 30 are coaxial with the central axis X of the can body 20. The outer water tube group 32 is disposed in the vicinity of the inner surface of the can 20 so that a predetermined space is formed between the outer water tube group 31 and the inner water tube group 31. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the water pipes 30 constituting the outer water pipe group 32 are configured such that the diameter of the upper part is thin, and the water pipes 30 that are arranged adjacent to each other in a portion other than the upper part are arranged. Arranged in contact.

As shown in FIG. 1, the combustion chamber 22 is configured by a space surrounded by the inner water tube group 31 inside the can body 20. In the combustion chamber 22, the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle 13 and the second combustion nozzle 14 of the burner 1 described later is combusted.
The combustion gas passage 23 is configured by a space between the outside of the inner water tube group 31 and the inner surface of the can body 20. The combustion gas generated by the combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber 22 flows through the combustion gas passage 23.

The lower header 40 is disposed at the lower part inside the can 20. The lower header 40 is constituted by an annular container. The lower header 40 is connected to lower ends of a plurality of water tubes 30 (the inner water tube group 31 and the outer water tube group 32).
The upper header 50 is disposed in the upper part inside the can 20. The upper header 50 is constituted by an annular container. The upper header 50 is connected to upper ends of a plurality of water tubes 30 (the inner water tube group 31 and the outer water tube group 32).

  The burner 1 is arranged at the upper part of the can 20, more specifically at the upper part of the combustion chamber 22. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the burner 1 includes an inner cylinder part 11, an outer cylinder part 12 arranged outside the inner cylinder part 11, and a first arranged inside the inner cylinder part 11. A combustion nozzle 13, a second combustion nozzle 14, an ignition unit 15, a plurality of air nozzles 16, and a combustion cylinder 17 are provided.

The inner cylinder part 11 has a cylindrical shape and is arranged at the center part of the upper part of the can body 20. The inner cylinder portion 11 is arranged so that the central axis coincides with the central axis X of the can body 20. As shown in FIG. 3, an opening 111 communicating with the combustion chamber 22 is formed on the bottom surface of the inner cylinder portion 11.
The outer cylinder part 12 is formed in a cylindrical shape having a diameter larger than the diameter of the inner cylinder part 11. The outer cylinder portion 12 is arranged such that the central axis coincides with the central axis of the inner cylindrical portion 11. A space is formed between the inner surface of the outer tube portion 12 and the outer surface of the inner tube portion 11, and this space is supplied from an air supply device (not shown) connected to the upper portion of the outer tube portion 12. Air is supplied. As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of openings 121 are formed on the bottom surface of the outer cylinder portion 12. The plurality of openings 121 are annularly arranged around the central axis X of the can body 20.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the first combustion nozzle 13 is disposed at a position slightly decentered with respect to the central axis X of the can body 20. The first combustion nozzle 13 includes a first fuel supply pipe 131 and a first nozzle tip 132.
The first fuel supply pipe 131 is disposed inside the inner cylinder portion 11 so as to extend in the vertical direction (vertical direction). The base end portion (upper end portion) of the first fuel supply pipe 131 is connected to a fuel supply device (not shown).
The first nozzle tip 132 is disposed at the distal end (lower end) of the first fuel supply pipe 131. The first nozzle tip 132 is configured to be able to spray liquid fuel in the range of the first spray angle θ1 with the vertical downward direction as the center. The first spray angle θ1 is preferably 65 ° to 85 ° from the viewpoint of causing a part of the sprayed combustion to suitably reach the combustion cylinder 17.

  According to the first combustion nozzle 13 described above, the liquid fuel supplied from the fuel supply device to the first fuel supply pipe 131 falls within the first spray angle θ1 from the first nozzle tip 132 around the lower part in the vertical direction. Sprayed.

The second combustion nozzle 14 is disposed in proximity to the first combustion nozzle 13. More specifically, the second combustion nozzle 14 is disposed at a position that coincides with the central axis X of the can body 20. The second combustion nozzle 14 includes a second fuel supply pipe 141 and a second nozzle tip 142.
The second fuel supply pipe 141 is disposed in the inner cylinder portion 11 so as to extend in the vertical direction (vertical direction). A base end portion (upper end portion) of the second fuel supply pipe 141 is connected to a fuel supply device (not shown).
The second nozzle tip 142 is disposed at the tip (lower end) of the second fuel supply pipe 141. The second nozzle tip 142 is configured to be able to spray liquid fuel in the range of the second spray angle θ2 with the vertical downward direction as the center. In the present embodiment, the second spray angle θ2 is configured to be smaller than the first spray angle θ1 described above. More specifically, the second spray angle θ2 is preferably 55 ° to 65 ° from the viewpoint of preventing the fuel to be sprayed from reaching the combustion cylinder 17.

  According to the second combustion nozzle 14 described above, the liquid fuel supplied from the fuel supply device to the second fuel supply pipe 141 falls within the range of the second spray angle θ2 from the second nozzle tip 142 centered vertically downward. Sprayed. The distance W (see FIG. 3) between the second combustion nozzle 14 and the first combustion nozzle 13 is preferably 10 mm to 30 mm from the viewpoint of configuring the burner 1 in a compact manner.

  The ignition part 15 is arranged extending in the vertical direction. The front end (lower end) of the ignition unit 15 is disposed in the vicinity of the first nozzle chip 132. The ignition unit 15 ignites the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle 13 by generating a spark, and starts combustion of the fuel.

  The plurality of air nozzles 16 are arranged so as to surround the first combustion nozzle 13 and the second combustion nozzle 14. More specifically, the plurality of air nozzles 16 are arranged at positions where a plurality of openings are formed on the bottom surface of the outer cylinder portion 12. The plurality of air nozzles 16 inject air supplied downward from an air supply device (not shown) to the space between the inner surface of the outer cylinder portion 12 and the outer surface of the inner cylinder portion 11.

The combustion cylinder 17 rectifies the flow of air injected downward from the plurality of air nozzles 16. The combustion cylinder 17 is disposed outside the plurality of air nozzles 16 and extends below the plurality of air nozzles 16.
The combustion cylinder 17 includes a first cylinder part 171 attached to the outer surface of the lower part of the outer cylinder part 12, and a second cylinder part 172 connected to the lower part of the first cylinder part 171.
The first cylinder part 171 includes an outer cylinder connecting part 171a configured to have an inner diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter of the outer cylinder part 12, a diameter-increased part 171b provided below the outer cylinder connecting part 171a, and an enlarged diameter part 171b. A second cylinder connecting part 171c provided below the enlarged diameter part 171b and connected to the second cylinder part 172.
The second cylinder portion 172 is formed in a cylindrical shape with an upper surface and a lower surface opened, and is connected to the inner surface of the second cylinder connection portion 171c.
The combustion cylinder 17 (second cylinder portion 172) described above is disposed at a position where the central axis coincides with the central axis X of the can body 20.

  In the burner 1 described above, when the fuel is sprayed from the first combustion nozzle 13 at the first spray angle θ <b> 1, a part of the sprayed fuel is the lower end of the second cylindrical portion 172. It arrange | positions in the position which reaches | attains the internal peripheral surface in the vicinity of a part. Further, when the fuel is sprayed from the second combustion nozzle 14 at the second spray angle θ2, the fuel sprayed on the inner peripheral surface in the vicinity of the lower end portion of the second cylindrical portion 172. It is placed at a position that does not reach it.

In the present embodiment, the first combustion nozzle 13 is disposed at a position eccentric from the center axis of the combustion cylinder 17 (center axis X of the can body 20), and as a result, the sprayed fuel is in the second cylinder portion 172. Reaches a part of the inner peripheral surface.
More specifically, the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle 13 is centered on the position of the central axis of the second cylindrical portion 172 in the circumferential direction of the lower end portion of the second cylindrical portion 172, as shown in FIG. As for it, it is preferable to arrange | position in the position which reaches | attains the range (range of angle (theta) 3 in FIG. 4) of 80 degrees-180 degrees. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle 13 reaches a range of 40 mm or less (range h in FIG. 2) from the lower end of the combustion cylinder 17 (second cylinder part 172). It is preferable to do.

When the fuel sprayed reaches a range exceeding 180 ° centering on the position of the central axis of the second cylinder part 172, the amount of fuel hitting the combustion cylinder 17 becomes too large and volatilizes as the fuel of the burner 1. When heavy oil or the like having low properties is used, a large amount of soot may be generated as the fuel burns.
Further, when the fuel sprayed from the lower end portion of the combustion cylinder 17 to an upper portion of 40 mm or more reaches, the amount of fuel hitting the combustion cylinder 17 becomes too large as described above, and accompanying the combustion of the fuel A large amount of soot may occur. In particular, when heavy oil having low volatility or the like is used as the fuel for the burner 1, the sprayed fuel is 15 mm from the lower end of the combustion cylinder 17 (second cylinder part 172) from the viewpoint of further reducing the generation of soot. It is more preferable to reach the following range.
In addition, when the range in which the sprayed fuel reaches the combustion cylinder 17 is less than 40 ° centering on the position of the central axis of the second cylinder portion 172, it may be difficult to suitably ensure flame holding properties.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the second combustion nozzle 14 is disposed on the central axis of the combustion cylinder 17 (the central axis X of the can body 20), whereby the fuel sprayed from the second combustion nozzle 14 is The combustion cylinder 17 is not reached.

  In the burner 1 described above, the fuel is sprayed from only the first combustion nozzle 13 and the fuel is combusted, so that the low combustion state as the first combustion state and the fuel from both the first combustion nozzle 13 and the second combustion nozzle 14 are used. The high combustion state as the second combustion state in which the fuel is sprayed and the three combustion states (three positions) of the stop state in which the fuel is not combusted can be switched.

  In the burner 1, when fuel is burned in a low combustion state, first, fuel is sprayed from the first combustion nozzle 13 to the range of the first spray angle θ 1, and air is injected downward from the plurality of air nozzles 16. The And the fuel sprayed from the 1st combustion nozzle 13 is ignited by the ignition part 15, and a fuel burns, generating a flame. Here, a part of the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle 13 reaches the inner surface of the second cylindrical portion 172. Then, the position of the flame generated by the combustion of the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle 13 is stabilized using the position where the fuel reaches the inner surface of the second cylindrical portion 172 as a flame holding source.

  On the other hand, when the fuel is burned in the burner 1 in the high combustion state, the fuel spray from the first combustion nozzle 13 sprayed with the fuel in the low combustion state is maintained, and further from the second combustion nozzle 14. Fuel is sprayed in the range of the second spray angle θ2. As a result, the amount of fuel burned in the burner 1 is increased, and a high combustion state is achieved. Here, since the fuel spray from the first combustion nozzle 13 is maintained even in the high combustion state, the flame stabilization state with the fuel arrival position on the inner surface of the second cylindrical portion 172 as the flame holding source is Maintained. Further, since the fuel sprayed from the second combustion nozzle 14 does not reach the combustion cylinder 17, it is possible to prevent the amount of fuel hitting the combustion cylinder 17 from being excessively increased.

Next, operation | movement of the boiler apparatus 100 which comprises the burner 1 of this embodiment is demonstrated.
In the boiler device 100, first, fuel is burned in the combustion chamber 22 by the burner 1 as described above. Combustion gas generated by burning the fuel in the combustion chamber 22 heats the water flowing through the plurality of water tubes 30 (inner water tube group 31) arranged so as to surround the combustion chamber 22. Next, the combustion gas heats the water flowing through the combustion gas passage 23 from the gap formed in the lower portion of the combustion chamber 22 and further through the plurality of water pipes 30 (the inner water pipe group 31 and the outer water pipe group 32). Then, the combustion gas that has passed through the combustion gas passage 23 is discharged from an opening 21 formed in the upper portion of the can body 20 through an exhaust pipe (not shown) connected to the opening 21 to the outside.

  Note that water is supplied into the plurality of water pipes 30 from a lower header 40 disposed below the plurality of water pipes 30. And the water heated in the inside of the several water pipe 30 turns into a vapor | steam, and is supplied to a vapor | steam supply pipe (not shown) from the upper header 50. FIG.

  According to the burner 1 of this embodiment demonstrated above, there exist the following effects.

  (1) The first combustion nozzle 13 is disposed at a position where a part of the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle 13 reaches the inner surface of the second cylindrical portion 172. Thereby, the position of the flame generated by the combustion of the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle 13 can be stabilized with the position where the fuel reaches the inner surface of the second cylindrical portion 172 as a flame holding source. Therefore, the flame holding property in the space inside the combustion chamber 22 can be improved.

  (2) The first combustion nozzle 13 is disposed at a position that reaches a partial region of the inner peripheral surface of the second cylindrical portion 172. As a result, it is possible to prevent the amount of fuel hitting the combustion cylinder 17 from increasing too much, so even if heavy oil with low volatility or the like is used as the fuel for the burner 1, a large amount of soot is generated as the fuel burns. You can prevent it.

  (3) The burner 1 is configured to include the second combustion nozzle 14, and the second combustion nozzle 14 is disposed at a position where the fuel sprayed from the second combustion nozzle 14 does not reach the combustion cylinder 17. Thereby, when fuel is sprayed from both the first combustion nozzle 13 and the second combustion nozzle 14, the fuel sprayed from the second combustion nozzle 14 does not reach the combustion cylinder 17, so the amount of fuel hitting the combustion cylinder 17 Can be adapted. Therefore, the flame holding ability when fuel is sprayed from both the first combustion nozzle 13 and the second combustion nozzle 14 can be improved.

  (4) The burner 1 has a low combustion state in which the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle 13 is combusted and a high combustion state in which the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle 13 and the second combustion nozzle 14 is combusted. It was configured to be switchable. Thereby, fuel is sprayed from the first combustion nozzle 13 in both the low combustion state and the high combustion state. Therefore, in both the low combustion state and the high combustion state, it is possible to maintain a state in which a part of the fuel reaches the combustion cylinder 17, so that the flame holding ability can be improved regardless of the combustion state of the burner 1.

  (5) The first combustion nozzle 13 is arranged at a position that reaches a range of 80 ° to 180 ° centering on the position of the central axis of the combustion cylinder 17 in the circumferential direction of the lower end portion of the combustion cylinder 17. Thereby, since the quantity of the fuel which reaches | attains the combustion cylinder 17 can be maintained in the appropriate range, flame-holding property can be improved more.

  (6) The first combustion nozzle 13 is disposed at a position where the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle 13 reaches a range of 40 mm or less from the lower end portion of the combustion cylinder 17. Thereby, since the quantity of the fuel which reaches | attains the combustion cylinder 17 can be maintained in the appropriate range, flame-holding property can be improved more.

  (7) The first spray angle θ1 is configured to be larger than the second spray angle θ2. As a result, only a part of the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle 13 can reach the inner peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder 17 while the first combustion nozzle 13 and the second combustion nozzle 14 are arranged at close positions. . Therefore, the burner 1 can be made compact.

As mentioned above, although one preferable embodiment of the burner 1 of this invention was described, this invention is not restrict | limited to embodiment mentioned above, A change is possible suitably.
For example, in the present embodiment, a part of the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle 13 is allowed to reach only a partial region of the inner peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder 17, but this is not restrictive. That is, when highly volatile kerosene or the like is used as the fuel, a part of the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle 13 may reach the entire circumference of the inner peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder. .

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Nozzle 13 1st combustion nozzle 14 2nd combustion nozzle 16 Air nozzle 17 Combustion cylinder 100 Boiler apparatus (theta) 1 1st spray angle (theta) 2 2nd spray angle

Claims (8)

A first combustion nozzle that sprays liquid fuel in a range of a first spray angle centered on a vertically lower side;
A plurality of air nozzles arranged so as to surround the first combustion nozzle and injecting air downward;
A burner disposed outside the plurality of air nozzles and extending below the plurality of air nozzles,
The first combustion nozzle is disposed at a position where a part of the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle reaches an inner peripheral surface in the vicinity of a lower end portion of the combustion cylinder ,
A second combustion nozzle that is disposed in the vicinity of the first combustion nozzle and sprays liquid fuel in a range of a second spray angle centering on a lower portion in the vertical direction;
The second combustion nozzle burner fuel sprayed from the second combustion nozzle Ru is disposed at a position not reaching the combustion cylinder. 2. The burner according to claim 1, wherein the first combustion nozzle is disposed at a position where a part of the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle reaches a partial region of an inner peripheral surface of the combustion cylinder. The combustion cylinder is configured in a cylindrical shape,
The first combustion nozzle is disposed at a position eccentric from the central axis of the combustion cylinder,
The burner according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the second combustion nozzle is disposed on a central axis of the combustion cylinder. A first combustion state for burning fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle;
The burner in any one of Claims 1-3 provided with the 2nd combustion state which burns the fuel sprayed from the said 1st combustion nozzle and the said 2nd combustion nozzle. In the first combustion nozzle, a part of the fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle is in a range of 80 ° to 180 ° around the center axis of the combustion cylinder in the circumferential direction of the lower end portion of the combustion cylinder. The burner in any one of Claims 1-4 arrange | positioned in the position which reaches | attains. Wherein the first combustion nozzle, according to any one of claims 1 to 5, a part of fuel sprayed from the first combustion nozzle is placed in the position reached in the range from the lower end following 40mm of the combustion cylinder Burner . The burner according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the first spray angle is larger than the second spray angle. Boiler apparatus comprising a burner according to any one of claims 1-7.

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