JP5805683B2 - Viscous molding method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to viscous-forming way to form a predetermined viscous body moldings by extruding the viscous body through the mouthpiece.

As an outer wall of a house, there is one that fixes an outer wall material made of cement by engaging with a metal fitting fixed to an outer wall base material of the house. One example is disclosed in Patent Document 1 below. Such an outer wall material has a flat plate shape, and has an upper end edge and a lower end edge engaged with a metal fitting. Therefore, the upper and lower end edges need to be in an engagement shape. However, it is difficult to form a relatively complicated engagement shape at the same time when molding a cement material. For this reason, the engagement shape is formed by cutting the outer wall material into a flat plate shape and then cutting it with a diamond cutter. Has been.
However, such a forming method is time consuming and increases the manufacturing cost. Thus, the inventors have tried to form clay, including the engagement shape, at once by extruding it through a die (unknown).

JP 2000-73517 A

However, as a result of the trial, cracks and creases occurred in the engagement shape portion, and the required quality as a molded product could not be ensured. As a result of investigating this cause, the engagement shape part has a thinner part than the other parts, so the flow resistance when the clay is extruded is larger than that of the other part. In the part, the extrusion speed of the clay is slower than in the other parts. In spite of this, it has been found that the molded product is extruded as a single unit at the same time, so that the surface of the engagement-shaped portion having a low speed is cracked or rolled up.
In view of such problems, an object of the present invention is to increase the productivity of a molded product by enabling molding including a relatively complicated shape such as an engagement shape in a single molding process.

According to the present invention, a predetermined viscous body molded product is formed by extruding a viscous body through a die, and a part of the viscous body molded product has a thinner plate thickness than other parts, and a viscous body at the time of extrusion. a viscous body molding method comprising a specific site where flow resistance is the larger such complex extrusion shape, viscous material that is extruded from the spinneret, besides the viscous body moldings, adjacent to the specific portion Then, at the position to compensate for the reduction in the thickness of the specific part, the removed viscous material is continuously extruded while being separated from the viscous molded product , and the removed viscous material is transformed into the molded product. This is a viscous material molding method characterized in that a molded product separated so as not to contact and continuously extruded is cut to a predetermined length.
The specific part where the plate thickness is reduced is thinner than other parts in the viscous molded product, so the flow resistance of the viscous body increases and the extrusion speed is slow. With this method, cracks and creases can occur at specific sites, making it impossible to produce clean molded products. According to the present invention, the viscous material extruded through the die becomes a removed material at a position that is adjacent to the specific part and compensates for the reduced thickness of the specific part in addition to the viscous body molded product. By continuously extruding the viscous body separated from the viscous molded product , a clean molded product including a specific part can be formed. Therefore, a molded product can be formed only by cutting the viscous material extruded through the die, and the molded product can be formed in a single molding process. Moreover, since the removed product of the viscous material extruded adjacent to the molded product is separated so as not to touch the molded product, even if there is a slight difference in the extrusion speed between the two, the removed product having a speed difference. It is possible to prevent cracking and rolling of the surface of the molded product caused by touching the molded product.

It is a front view which shows the principal part containing the nozzle | cap | die of one Embodiment of the viscous body shaping | molding apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a top view of the principal part in embodiment similar to FIG. It is a side view in embodiment similar to FIG. It is a fragmentary sectional front view which shows the peripheral part of embodiment similar to FIG. It is a partial fragmentary top view in embodiment similar to FIG. It is a front view which shows the left side die in embodiment similar to FIG. It is a bottom view of the left side die similar to FIG. It is a front view which shows the right side die | dye in embodiment similar to FIG. It is a bottom view of the right side die similar to FIG. It is a front view which shows the center ball in embodiment similar to FIG. FIG. 11 is a plan view of a middle ball similar to FIG. 10. FIG. 11 is a side view of a middle ball similar to FIG. 10. It is a front view which shows the starting adjustment component in embodiment similar to FIG. It is a top view of the starting adjustment component similar to FIG. FIG. 14 is a side view of a starting adjustment part similar to FIG. 13. It is a perspective view which shows the state by which the molded article is extruded by the said embodiment. It is the perspective view similar to FIG. 16, and the perspective view seen from another angle. FIG. 18 is a perspective view similar to FIGS. 16 and 17 and a perspective view seen from a wider range. It is a perspective view which shows the molded article shape | molded by the said embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 1st modification of the said embodiment. It is a front view which shows the grooved component in the said 1st modification. It is a side view of the grooved component similar to FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 2nd modification of the said embodiment. It is a front view which shows the cutter in the said 2nd modification. It is a bottom view of the cutter similar to FIG. It is a side view of the cutter similar to FIG. It is a front view which shows another form of the cutter in the said 2nd modification. It is a bottom view of the cutter similar to FIG. It is a side view of the cutter similar to FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the 3rd modification of the said embodiment. It is a front view which shows the grooved component in the said 3rd modification. FIG. 32 is a side view of a grooved component similar to FIG. 31. It is a front view which shows the 4th modification of the said embodiment. It is a top view in the 4th modification of the above. It is a side view in the said 4th modification. It is a front view of the side die in the 4th modification, and a foot adjustment component. FIG. 37 is a plan view of a side die and a foot adjustment component similar to FIG. 36. FIG. 37 is a front view of a starting adjustment part similar to FIG. 36. It is a top view of the starting adjustment component similar to FIG. FIG. 39 is a side view of a starting adjustment part similar to FIG. 38. FIG. 37 is a perspective view of a side die and a foot adjustment component similar to FIG. 36. FIG. 37 is a perspective view of a state in which a side die and a foot adjustment component similar to FIG. 36 are assembled to a base metal.

As an embodiment of the present invention, a case where the present invention is applied to molding of an outer wall material of a house will be described based on the drawings. In this embodiment, clay that is generally used to produce roof tiles is used as the viscous material.
FIG. 19 shows an outer wall material formed by this embodiment. In the molded product 71 as the outer wall material, when used as the outer wall material, an end portion 71b serving as an upper end edge and an end portion 71a serving as a lower end edge are formed as a complicated extruded shape portion. A number of hollows 71c are formed for weight reduction and heat insulation performance improvement.
4 and 5 show the entire molding apparatus for molding the molded product 71. FIG. The molding apparatus 50 includes a receiving unit 51 for receiving clay and sending it to the next process, a deaeration unit 55 for removing air from the received clay, and an extrusion unit for extruding the clay from which air has been removed toward the base 10. 58, an earth retaining part 59 for guiding the extruded clay to the base 10, and a base 10 which is a main part of the present invention.
The receiving unit 51 includes a hopper 51a for receiving clay from the outside, a blade 53 for sending the received clay toward the deaeration unit 55, and a pair of pressings for pressing the upper clay received toward the lower blade 53 A blade 52 is provided. In addition, in order to rotate the blade | wing 53 and the pushing blade | wing 52, the motor (not shown) is connected to each shaft end.
The deaeration unit 55 includes an airtight chamber 55a to which a vacuum pump (not shown) is connected, and the clay sent from the receiving unit 51 is configured to form a clay wall at the inlet 54 of the airtight chamber 55a. . Further, below the deaeration unit 55, a screw 57 is provided coaxially with the blade 53 of the receiving unit 51, and a pair of pushing blades 56 is provided above the screw 57 as in the receiving unit 51. The deaeration unit 55 prevents air from being mixed into the clay extruded toward the base 10 with the above configuration.
The clay from the deaeration unit 55 is pressed by the extrusion unit 58 and is extruded from the base 10 through the soil storage unit 59.

1 to 3 show details of the base 10. The base 10 includes a base 11 coupled to the outlet of the earth retaining portion 59, upper and lower top dies 12 and 13 and left and right side dies 14 and 15 fixed to the base 11 and forming a clay extrusion passage. . An opening 11a is formed in the base metal 11 corresponding to the extrusion passage. The opening of the opening 11a includes the opening of the extrusion passage and has a larger opening area. Further, on the base metal 11, support columns 18 and 19 are fixed to the left and right sides, respectively, on the rear side that is the upstream side when viewed in the direction of clay extrusion. 40 is supported. Furthermore, a plurality of foot adjustment fittings 21 to 28 are fixed to the base metal 11 so as to surround the clay extrusion passage formed by the top dies 12 and 13 and the side dies 14 and 15.
The starting adjustment parts 30 and the starting adjustment fittings 21 to 28 are adjusted in their fixed positions and shapes so that the flow resistance when the clay passes through the extrusion passage becomes uniform as a whole.
In addition, each component fixed behind the base 11 is located in the earth accumulation part 59.
The upper and lower top dies 12, 13 are fixed to the base 11 with bolts (not shown) so that the gap between them is the thickness of the molded product 71, and the left and right side dies 14, 15 have a gap between them. Positioned in the front-rear direction by bolts (not shown) that are sandwiched between the upper and lower top dies 12 and 13 so as to be the width of the molded product 71 and penetrate the top die 12 vertically. The upper and lower top dies 12 and 13 are fixed by bolting fixing plates 16 and 17 on both left and right sides. The fixing plates 16 and 17 may be fixed to the front side of the top dies 12 and 13.

As shown in FIGS. 6 to 9, the left and right side dies 14 and 15 are each provided with cutting edges 14a and 15a at the tip portions, and the shapes of the cutting edges 14a and 15a are respectively lower end edges of a molded product 71 as an outer wall material. The end portion 71a and the end portion 71b serving as the upper end edge are formed so as to have a shape. Each side die 14 and 15 is formed with an annular portion including each cutting edge 14a and 15a, and formed with small passages 14c and 15c into which clay is extruded. 7 and 9, the annular portion including the cutting edges 14a and 15a has a dimension in the front-rear direction (clay extrusion direction) of about a quarter of that of the side die bodies 14b and 15b. And formed on the front side (clay extrusion side) of the side die bodies 14b, 15b. The front-rear direction dimensions of the side die bodies 14b, 15b are equal to those of the top dies 12, 13. This is because the flow resistance of the clay passing through the small passages 14c and 15c formed by the annular portion is likely to be larger than that of the central portion separated from the side dies 14 and 15, so that the dimension of the annular portion in the front-rear direction is the top. The flow resistance is made smaller than the longitudinal dimensions of the dies 12 and 13 so that the flow resistance becomes equal as a whole.
Since the cutting blades 14a and 15a are formed on a part of the side dies 14 and 15 which are one part forming the base 10, they can be configured easily and at low cost even if the extrusion shape is complicated. In addition, by changing the side dies 14 and 15, molded products having various shapes can be formed.
Through holes 14d and 15d are formed in the vertical direction of each side die body 14b and 15b, and a bolt (not shown) that penetrates the top die 12 passes therethrough for positioning the side dies 14 and 15 in the front-rear direction. . The side die bodies 14b and 15b have female screws 14e and 15e cut on both outer sides, and the female screws 14e and 15e are adjustment screws (not shown) that penetrate the left and right fixing plates 16 and 17 from both outer sides. ) And the left and right directional positions of both side dies 14 and 15 can be adjusted by rotating the adjusting screw.

10 to 12 show details of the center ball 40. The center ball 40 is formed so as to protrude to the front side of the plate-like body 41 and a plate-like body 41 supported behind the base metal 11 by inserting the support pillars 18 and 19 at both end portions 43 and 44. A rod-like body 42. The plate-like body 41 is formed to be tapered toward the rear side (upstream side in the direction of clay extrusion) so as to suppress the flow resistance of the clay.
Each of the rod-shaped bodies 42 has a lateral dimension that is larger on the tip side 42b (downstream side in the clay extrusion direction) than the side 42a (upstream side in the clay extrusion direction) close to the plate-like body 41, and the vertical dimension is on the distal side. The side 42a closer to the plate-like body 41 is made larger than 42b. By adopting such a dimensional relationship, the gap between the rod-like bodies 42 is large on the upstream side of the clay and small on the downstream side, so that the clay that has entered a large amount in the gap on the upstream side becomes a small gap as it goes downstream. It is possible to prevent the clay density between the hollows 71c of the molded article 71 formed by the rod-like body 42 from being roughened. Moreover, even if the side 42a (upstream side) of the rod-like body 42 close to the plate-like body 41 is made smaller in the left-right dimension, it is enlarged in the vertical dimension. The strength of the body 42 can be ensured. Further, the tip of the rod-like body 42 (downstream end in the direction of extrusion of clay) extends to the outlet of the base 10 as well shown in FIG.
In addition, although clay is cut | disconnected up and down by passing the part of the plate-shaped body 41, after passing the plate-shaped body 41, what was isolate | separated up and down again will be integrated. This is because air is not mixed in the clay, so that no separation layer is formed in the separated part. As a result, the hollow balls 71 c are formed in the molded product 71 by the center ball 40.
The hollow 71 c of the molded product 71 can be selected from various shapes by changing the cross-sectional shape of the rod-shaped body 42 of the center ball 40 and the mounting position on the plate-shaped body 41. Of course, a plurality of hollow shapes and positions in the same molded product can be made different from each other.

  13 to 15 show details of the start adjustment component 30. The starting adjustment part 30 is wide in the left-right direction, forms a passage body 31 having a central portion in the width direction slightly widened up and down, and the left and right end portions 32, 33 are penetrated and fixed to the columns 18, 19. Is supported behind the base 11. Resistors 34 to 39 for adjusting the flow resistance of the clay flowing therethrough are formed integrally with the passage body 31 at the left and right ends of the passage body 31. These resistors 34 to 39 have various shapes and sizes for adjusting the flow resistance. Note that female screws 32b and 33b into which screws (not shown) are screwed from above are formed in the holes 32a and 33a through which the support columns 18 and 19 of the both end portions 32 and 33 pass. Thereby, the position of the starting adjustment part 30 on the support columns 18 and 19 can be arbitrarily adjusted.

When the molding apparatus 50 described above is operated and clay is extruded from the die 10, three rows of clay strips are extruded. One row is a central one, which is a molded product 71 as an outer wall material, and two rows at the left and right ends are removed materials 72 and 73 extruded from the small passages 14c and 15c of the side dies 14 and 15, respectively. The removed materials 72 and 73 are returned to the receiving unit 51 again as clay and reused. The flow adjustment resistance when clay passes through the extrusion passage is made uniform as a whole by the start adjustment component 30 and the start adjustment fittings 21 to 28, and the front-rear direction dimensions of the cutting blades 14a and 15a are determined from the corresponding part dimensions of the base. Since the flow resistance is made uniform throughout the molded product by shortening, the molded product 71 including the complicated extruded shape portion is extruded at the same speed as a whole, and the molded product surface can be prevented from cracking and rolling. In addition, a molded product can be formed without post-processing in a single molding process.
Further, the two rows of removed objects 72 and 73 at the left and right ends are separated from the central molded product 71 so as not to touch the molded product 71 as shown in FIGS. As a result, even if a slight difference occurs in the extrusion speed between the molded product 71 and the removed products 72 and 73, cracks on the surface of the molded product caused by the removed products 72 and 73 having a speed difference coming into contact with the molded product 71 It can prevent the poultry
As shown in FIGS. 16 and 18, the molded product 71 is fed by a roller row 61 provided at the extrusion outlet of the base 10, and is slidably supported by a pair of guide bars 63 and 64 beside the roller row 61. By moving a cutter (not shown) along 62, the molded product 71 can be cut to a predetermined length.

20 to 22 show a first modification of the above-described embodiment. Here, two grooved parts 81 are arranged in the front-and-rear direction of the top die 12 and fixed in the left-right direction, and a protrusion 81a is provided so as to partially cross the clay passage. A slit 81b is formed above the protrusion 81a of the grooving component 81. By adjusting the mounting position of the grooving component 81 with respect to the top die 12 by a bolt (not shown) in the vertical direction through the slit 81b, the protrusion 81a is formed. The amount of protrusion into the extrusion passage can be adjusted.
According to the first modification, two streak grooves continuous in the extrusion direction can be formed on the upper surface of the molded product 71, and the design of the molded product 71 can be improved according to preference.

23 to 29 show a second modification of the above-described embodiment. Here, a cutter 82 is fixed to the front lower side of the top die 12. In this case, the top die 12 is positioned higher than in the above-described embodiment, and the gap with the lower top die 13 is widened. For this reason, side die pressers 14f and 15f are provided between the left and right side dies 14 and 15 and the top die 12 below. At the lower end of the cutter 82, a large number of blades 82a (corresponding to the protrusions of the present invention) protrude downward. The vertical dimension of the blade 82a is made equal to the vertical dimension of the side die pressers 14f and 15f. For this reason, when the clay is extruded, a molded product having an increased thickness as compared with the above-described embodiment is formed, and a number of grooves in the extrusion direction are formed on the upper surface. At this time, in order to suppress an increase in the flow resistance of the clay due to the presence of the blade 82a, the blade 82a is formed with a taper on the upstream side of the clay flow.
27-29 shows another form of the blade with respect to the cutter 82, and the lower end rear of the blade 83a is cut away. This is a shape for further suppressing the flow resistance of clay as compared with the blade 82a of FIGS. That is, the surface area of the blade touching the clay is reduced.
According to the above second modified example, a number of grooves similar to those in the first modified example are formed, so that a product having a design different from that of the molded product of the first modified example can be obtained. In addition, by drying and curing the molded product and then removing the clay between the grooves, the surface of the molded product can be made into a cracked surface, and a product with another design can be obtained. .

30 to 32 show a third modification of the above-described embodiment. Here, as in the first modification, two grooved parts 84 are arranged in the left-right direction on the front lower side of the top die 12. In this case, the top die 12 is positioned upward as in the case of the second modification described above, and the gap with the lower top die 13 is widened. For this reason, side die pressers 14f and 15f are provided between the left and right side dies 14 and 15 and the top die 12 below. At the lower end of each grooving component 84, a protrusion 84a protrudes downward. The vertical dimension of the protrusion 84a is slightly larger than the vertical dimension of the side die pressers 14f and 15f. A piano wire (not shown) is stretched and fixed as a cutting material between the upper surfaces of both side dies 14 and 15 and the lower surfaces of both side die pressers 14f and 15f. On the rear surface of the projecting portion 84a of both the grooved parts 84, a groove 84c for receiving the piano wire is provided at a position corresponding to the piano wire.
For this reason, when the clay is extruded, a molded product having an increased thickness is extruded as in the case of the second modification described above, but since the piano wire and the grooved part 84 are present at the extrusion port, A molded product similar to the first modification is formed. However, in the case of the third modified example, the upper surface portion 74 of the molded product is cut by the piano wire, so that the surface is cracked and has a rough surface compared to the molded product in the case of the first modified example. . As a result, a product having a taste different from that of a molded product having a flat upper surface can be produced. Note that the roughness of the upper surface of the molded product can be arbitrarily selected according to the type of piano wire according to preference. Moreover, it can replace with a piano wire and can change the expression of the upper surface of a molded article according to liking using another cutting material.

33 to 35 show a fourth modification of the above-described embodiment. Here, a foot adjustment component 125 (corresponding to a fitting portion in the present invention) is integrally provided on the side dies 114 and 115. The start adjustment component 125 has the same function as the start adjustment component 25 in the above-described embodiment. In FIGS. 33 and 34, for the sake of simplification of explanation, illustration of the starting adjustment parts provided integrally with the side die 114 is omitted, and description thereof is also omitted. The side die 114 and the side die 115 have a bilaterally symmetric shape except for the difference in the shape of the cutting blades, and the starting adjustment parts also have a bilaterally symmetric shape.
As shown in FIGS. 38 to 40, the starting adjustment component 125 has a U-shaped cross section, and the U-shaped outer shape is fitted to the side end of the opening 11 a of the base metal 11 (see FIG. 42). The U-shaped inner side 125b (corresponding to the viscous passage in the present invention) is assembled to the base metal 11 so as to form a clay passage. The outboard adjustment component 125 has a vertical dimension that fits within the vertical dimension of the opening 11 a of the base 11.
The side die 115 and the starting adjustment component 125 are integrated by a bolt 125c screwed into the screw holes 115b and 125a (see FIG. 41). In a state where both are integrated, the cutting edge 115a of the side die 115 corresponds to the portion of the starting adjustment part 125 forming the clay passage, that is, the downstream side of the clay flow on the U-shaped inner 125b. . The outboard adjustment component 125 is appropriately selected from a plurality of components whose sizes of the U-shaped inner side 125b are changed in order to adjust the flow resistance of the clay passing through the U-shaped inner side 125b. 41 and 42 are selected such that the U-shaped inner side 125b is larger than the start adjustment part 125 shown in FIGS.
33 to 35, 121 is a start adjustment part corresponding to the start adjustment part 21 in the above-described embodiment, and here, the top adjustment part 121 is placed on the top die 12 so that the start adjustment part 121 is located in the opening 11 a of the base metal 11. It is fixed. In FIGS. 33 to 35, illustration is omitted for simplification of description, but corresponding to the start adjustment part 121 fixed to the top die 12, the start adjustment part is also fixed to the top die 13. Is also located in the opening 11 a of the base 11 on the lower side of the starting adjustment part 121.
In FIGS. 33 to 35, the side die 115, the start adjustment component 125, and the start adjustment component 121, which are characteristic in the fourth modified example, are illustrated with hatching for the sake of convenience.

According to the fourth modified example, when the top die 12 and the side die 115 are fixed to the base metal 11, as shown in FIG. 42, the start adjustment component 125 is fitted into the opening 11 a of the base metal 11. Since the position of the side die 115 is determined by this, the top dies 12 and 13 can be held and fixed with the side die 115 as a supporting point, and the top dies 12 and 13 and the side die 115 can be positioned with high positional accuracy and workability. Can be fixed well.
In addition, since the portion that forms the clay passage in the starting adjustment component 125, that is, the U-shaped inner side 125b has a function of adjusting the flow resistance of the clay, there is no need to provide another component for adjusting the flow resistance. The configuration of the entire apparatus can be simplified. Moreover, since the start adjustment component 125 is located in the opening 11a of the base 11 near the clay outlet of the apparatus, the start adjustment component 125 is more fluid than in the case of the embodiment in which the start adjustment component 25 is provided on the upstream side of the base 11. The work of exchanging the starting adjustment part 125 for adjusting the resistance can be easily performed.
Further, since the start adjustment part 125 and the side die 115 are separated, when the size of the U-shaped inner side 125b of the start adjustment part 125 is to be changed in order to adjust the flow resistance of the clay, the side die 115 As it is, it can be handled by exchanging with another starting adjustment part 125 whose size of the U-shaped inner side 125b is changed, and it can be dealt with by preparing only the starting adjustment part 125 necessary for replacement. .

The present invention is not limited to the appearance and configuration described in the above embodiment, and various modifications, additions, and deletions can be made without changing the gist of the present invention. For example,
1. Viscous molding how the present invention can be applied to molding of ceramic gears other than the outer wall material. This can be formed by extruding a rod body having a gear-shaped cross section from the die and cutting the rod body to an arbitrary length.
2. The clay may be clay for making porcelain products.

10 Base 12, 13 Top Die 14, 15, 114, 115 Side Die 14 a, 15 a, 115 a Cutting Blade 40 Center Ball 50 Molding Device 125 Starting Adjustment Part (Fitting Part)
125b Inside part of the starting adjustment part U-shaped cross section (viscous body passage)

Claims (1)

A predetermined viscous body molded product is formed by extruding the viscous body through a die, and the viscous body molded product is plate-shaped and has a main portion whose plate width is larger than the plate thickness, and a plate width of the main portion. It has a complicated extrusion shape that is thin at the both ends in the direction and is thinner than the main body and has a large flow resistance of the viscous material during extrusion, and has two specific parts with different extrusion shapes. A viscous body forming method comprising:
Viscous material to be extruded extrusion position in the plate width direction from the adjustable and has been die, in addition of the viscous body moldings, viscous material to be removed substance to compensate for the the thickness of the specific portion thinner each Extruded continuously in a state of being separated from the viscous molded product adjacent to a specific part, and the viscous material as a removed product is separated on both outer sides in the plate width direction so as not to contact the molded product, and continuously extruded. A method for forming a viscous body, wherein the formed product is cut at a predetermined length.

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