JP5836009B2 - Scaffold material and biomaterial - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a scaffold material for inducing hard tissue or soft tissue cells such as an artificial tooth root, an artificial bone, a prosthesis, and a skin terminal, and a biomaterial using the scaffold material.

   Implant artificially manufactured biomaterials (implant materials) in the body or on the body surface in order to suppress the repair, treatment or destruction of body tissues lost due to congenital abnormalities, defects, accidents or illnesses Treatment to make it closely adheres. In such a biomaterial, a scaffold (scaffold) for inducing and proliferating cells in the living body is provided on all or part of the biomaterial.

  Conventionally, as a scaffold (scaffold), in order to induce and proliferate cells, a nonwoven fabric in which metal wires having high biocompatibility such as a metal porous body and titanium are entangled is used. In addition to this, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-15959 describes a coil in which highly biocompatible wire materials are formed and integrated. In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-277718, a thin titanium plate is used as an alkaline aqueous solution. A scaffold provided with a mesh-like erosion layer that induces and proliferates cells by immersing in a cell is disclosed.

  By providing such a scaffold, many body cells are efficiently induced and further proliferated, whereby the body tissue and the biomaterial are connected by the cell tissue. Thereby, the biomaterial can be firmly fixed to the body tissue. Or it seals so that foreign materials, such as a microbe, may not enter from the clearance gap between the said biomaterial and the said body tissue.

JP 2011-15959 A JP 2007-277718 A

  A non-woven scaffold formed by entangled metal porous body or metal wire is hard and difficult to deform, and entanglement is necessary to make a non-woven fabric. When forming as a scaffold material, it is necessary to make it into a desired shape at the time of formation. The same applies to a resin scaffold. A biodegradable absorbent resin such as polylactic acid is hard, difficult to deform, and needs to have a predetermined shape in advance.

  Therefore, for example, when used for a biomaterial such as an artificial tooth root in which a cell guide portion is formed, the biomaterial has a buried portion embedded in the human body, and this scaffold is used as the cell guide portion of the buried portion. Needs to fire the biomaterial in which the titanium wire is disposed. When such firing is necessary, not only the desired shape is obtained, but there is also a possibility that adverse effects such as deformation due to firing may be exerted on the biomaterial.

  Then, an object of this invention is to provide the scaffold material which can be attached easily.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a scaffold material comprising a cell guiding part for guiding cells, and a variable part that is deformed by an external force and deforms so as to return to its original shape when the external force is released. And when the said external force is cancelled | released, the restoring force which tries to return to an original shape is generate | occur | produced, and the said variable part re-deforms with the said restoring force, It fixes to a fixed target object, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

(1) According to the present invention, since the variable portion is deformed by an external force and is fixed to the fixed object by the restoring force, when attaching the scaffold material to the fixed object, sintering or welding is not required. Yes and easy to install.

(2) When at least one of the variable part and the cell guide part of the present invention presses the fixed object with the restoring force, it is easier to attach the fixed object.

(3) When the variable part of the present invention also serves as a part or all of the cell induction part, the manufacturing process can be reduced as compared with the case of manufacturing as another member, and the manufacturing is easy.

(4) When the external shape of the present invention is a ring shape, the shape is simple and the manufacture is easy.

(5) When the variable portion of the present invention is a coil spring, the shape is simple and the manufacture is easy.

(6) Manufacture is easy when the material which induces a cell is arrange | positioned inside the spiral of the said coil spring of this invention.

(7) The present invention includes a biomaterial using the scaffold material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the biomedical material includes an implant portion that is embedded in a human body. In the case where an attachment portion to which the scaffold material is fixed by a restoring force is provided, the scaffold material can be easily attached to the biomaterial.

(8) When the attachment portion of the present invention includes a retaining portion that can pass only when the scaffold material is deformed by an external force, the scaffold material can be easily attached to a biomaterial, It is possible to suppress the scaffold material from falling off.

It is a front view about the artificial tooth root in which the scaffold material concerning this invention was used. The top view of the scaffold material attached to the artificial tooth root shown in FIG. 1 which is an example of the scaffold material of this invention. Sectional view of the scaffold material shown in FIG. 2 cut along line III-III (A) It is a top view of the scaffold material of FIG. (B) It is a top view of the state which deform | transformed the scaffold material of FIG. (C) It is a top view when passing through the 2nd securing part of the artificial tooth root shown in FIG. 1 through the scaffold material of FIG. (D) It is sectional drawing of the artificial tooth root to which the scaffold material of FIG. 2 was attached. (A) It is sectional drawing of the other example of the scaffold material of this invention. (B) It is sectional drawing of the further another example of the scaffold material of this invention. FIG. 6 is a plan view of still another scaffold material of the present invention. (A) It is a top view of the other example of the scaffold material concerning this invention. (B) It is the state top view which deform | transformed the scaffold material of FIG. 7 (A). It is a schematic perspective view of the other example of a bellows-shaped scaffold material.

(First embodiment)
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view of an artificial tooth root that is an example of a biomaterial according to the present invention. In addition, in the artificial tooth root 1 shown in FIG. 1, a part of the denture part It protruding into the oral cavity is shown.

  The artificial tooth root 1 is a fixture for fixing the crown It, which is a substitute for the missing tooth, to the jawbone, and has high corrosion resistance to body fluids and is extremely toxic to living bodies, so it is formed of titanium or a titanium alloy. It is preferred that

As shown in FIG. 1, the artificial dental root 1 includes an embedded part 11 embedded in a human body (in the jawbone and gingiva), a holding part 12 that holds a crown It, and an attachment part to which a scaffold material 2 described later is attached. 13. As shown in FIG. 1, the attachment portion 13 is formed in a part of the embedded portion 11.

  The embedded portion 11 has a male thread 111 formed on the surface of a cylindrical member, and one end portion (lower end in the figure) is formed thin. Further, an attachment portion 13 for attaching the scaffold material 2 is formed at the other end portion (upper end in the figure) of the embedded portion 11.

  The holding part 12 is formed on the other end side of the embedded part 11. The holding portion 12 is formed integrally with a second retaining portion 132 (to be described later) of the mounting portion 13, and includes a recessed hole 121 coaxial with the central axis of the embedded portion 11. As shown in FIG. 1, the crown It is provided with a protruding portion It1, and the protruding portion It1 is inserted into the recessed hole 121, and the protruding portion It1 and the recessed hole 121 are bonded by a conventionally well-known method such as bonding. It is fixed.

  The attachment portion 13 is disposed in the vicinity of the end of the male screw 111, and has a flange-shaped first retaining portion 131 having an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter of the male screw 111, and the first retaining portion 131 opposite to the male screw 11. The second retaining part 132 having the same diameter as the first retaining part 131 and the scaffold material 2 between the first retaining part 131 and the second retaining part 132 are arranged with a gap from the first retaining part 131. And a locking portion 133 to be locked.

  As shown in FIG. 1, since the outer diameters of the first retaining portion 131 and the second retaining portion 132 are larger than the outer diameter of the locking portion 133, when the scaffold material 2 is locked to the locking portion 133, It is possible to suppress the fold material 2 from moving in the axial direction (from the artificial tooth root 1).

  Next, the scaffold material 2 will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is an example of the scaffold material of the present invention, and is a top view of the scaffold material attached to the artificial tooth root shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 shows the scaffold material shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing cut | disconnected.

  Since the scaffold material 2 induces and proliferates cells in the living body, a material having high biocompatibility is preferable. Although the scaffold material 2 will be described in detail later, the scaffold material 2 is deformed by the action of an external force due to the characteristics of the material or the combination of the characteristics of the material and the structure, and returns to its original state when the external force is released. If the restoring force to act acts, the material is not particularly limited. Such a material can be used in a living body and may be appropriately selected from known materials according to the intended use. For example, in addition to titanium, titanium alloy, stainless steel, polylactic acid, fluororesin, urethane material, silicon, Collagen etc. can be mentioned. In particular, the fact that the scaffold material is made of a metal material has a great effect because it can be easily attached to a living body or a living body material even if the shape is formed in advance. The restoring force is a force that attempts to return to the original shape by a force repelling an external force, and examples thereof include an elastic force. In the following description, the restoring force is described as an elastic force, but is not limited thereto. For example, if there is a shape memory alloy that returns to its original shape with a small temperature change and has high biocompatibility, it can be used.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the scaffold material 2 includes a coil spring-like variable portion 21. Furthermore, the scaffold material 2 joins the both ends of the variable part 21, and has a ring-shaped outer diameter. The coil spring-like variable portion 21 has a narrow pitch, and when the scaffold material 2 is arranged so that proliferating cells come into contact with the attachment portion 13, cells in the living body are guided to the cell guiding portion 22. And gingiva etc. can be proliferated. That is, in the scaffold material 2 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the variable portion 21 also serves as the cell guiding portion 22. In the scaffold material 2, cells are induced not only on the outer surface of the coil but also on the inner surface, and the entire coil is the variable portion 21 and also functions as the cell guiding portion 22.

  Here, a procedure for attaching the scaffold material 2 to the artificial tooth root 1 will be described. FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a procedure for attaching the scaffold material to the artificial tooth root. 4 (A) is a plan view of the scaffold material, FIG. 4 (B) is a plan view of a state in which the scaffold material is expanded and deformed, and FIG. 4 (C) is a second stop of the scaffold material. FIG. 4D is a cross-sectional view of the artificial tooth root to which the scaffold material is attached. As shown in the drawing, the inner diameter of the scaffold material before deformation is r1, the inner diameter of the scaffold material when expanded is r2, the outer diameter of the second retaining portion 132 of the artificial root 1 is R1, and the locking portion 133 The outer diameter is R2.

  Since the scaffold material 2 in the state of FIG. 4 (A) has an inner diameter r1 and R1> r1, it cannot pass through the second retaining portion 132 as it is and cannot be attached to the locking portion 133. . Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4B, an outward force is applied to the scaffold material 2. By applying the force in this way, the deformable portion 21 formed in a coil shape having elasticity is elastically deformed to expand its diameter. Since the scaffold material 2 is a coil spring formed in a ring shape, the coil extends when an outward force is applied. Thereby, the scaffold material 2 is expanded to the inner diameter r2 (> r1).

  Since the variable portion 21 is composed of a coil spring, the amount of deformation increases as the external force increases. Since the scaffold material 2 only needs to be able to pass through the second retaining portion 132, the force applied to the scaffold material 2 may be a force such that the inner diameter r <b> 2 is larger than the outer diameter R <b> 1 of the second retaining portion 132. After the scaffold material 2 is expanded so that the inner diameter r2 is larger than the outer diameter of the second retaining portion 132, the scaffold material 2 is allowed to pass outside the second retaining portion 132 (see FIG. 4C). .

  When the scaffold material 2 passes through the second retaining portion 132 and overlaps with the locking portion 133 in the axial direction of the artificial tooth root 1, the external force applied to the scaffold material 2 is released. As a result, the elastic energy accumulated by the deformation is released from the variable portion 21 that is a coil spring, and a restoring force is generated so that the variable portion 21 returns to its original shape. As a result, the spread scaffold material 2 is deformed so as to return from the inner diameter r2 to r1, engages with the locking portion 133, and is fixed to the artificial tooth root 1 (FIG. 4D).

  In the artificial tooth root 1 shown in FIG. 4D, the outer diameter R2 of the locking portion 133 is larger than the inner diameter r1 of the original shape of the scaffold material 2, and the scaffold material 2 is returned to its original shape before Contact with the locking portion 133. As a result, the scaffold material 2 presses the locking portion 133 of the artificial tooth root 1 inward by elastic force (restoring force), and the scaffold material 2 is fixed to the attachment portion 13 of the artificial tooth root 1 that is a fixing object. Will be.

  In some cases, the outer diameter R2 of the locking portion 133 is the same as or smaller than the inner diameter r1 of the scaffold material 2. In this case, to explain, when the scaffold material 2 passes through the second retaining portion 132, it is deformed so as to return to its original shape by an elastic force (restoring force). As a result, the inner diameter of the scaffold material 2 is smaller than the outer diameter R1 of the second retaining portion 132 and suppresses movement beyond the second retaining portion 132 except when an external force is applied. be able to. For this reason, even if the scaffold material 2 does not tighten the locking portion 133, the scaffold material 2 is fixed to the attachment portion 13 while being prevented from coming off.

  In addition, the scaffold material 2 may not completely return to the original shape due to the restoring force depending on the material and shape. That is, the deformation may end in the middle of the return of the scaffold material 2 to the original shape as long as the restoring force is applied. In consideration of the case where the deformation is finished, it is preferable to keep the inner diameter r2 when the scaffold material 2 is expanded so as to pass through the second retaining portion 132. Thus, by determining the size of the expansion, the inner diameter of the scaffold material 2 is larger than the outer diameter R1 of the second retaining portion 132 even when the deformation of the scaffold material 2 stops midway. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the passage through the second retaining portion 132 and to be securely attached to the attachment portion 13.

  In addition, when the outer diameter R2 of the locking part 133 is larger than the inner diameter r1 before the deformation of the scaffold material 2, the scaffold material 2 does not return the locking part 133 even if the scaffold material 2 does not return to the original shape. It may be tightened. Again, the scaffold material 2 is firmly attached.

  Thus, the scaffold material 2 is simple in shape and easy to manufacture. Moreover, since it deform | transforms and attaches to the artificial tooth root 1 which is a biomaterial, processes, such as baking and welding, are unnecessary. From this, the scaffold material 2 and the artificial tooth root 1 can suppress deterioration such as deformation and becoming brittle, and a material that is weak against heat can also be adopted.

  Another example of the scaffold material according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 5A and 5B are cross-sectional views of other examples of the scaffold material. In the scaffold material 2A shown in FIG. 5 (A), a small-diameter coil 23 is inserted in the spiral of a coil-shaped variable portion 21a. The coil 23 is a material for further inducing cells into the lumen of the cell guide portion 22a of the scaffold material 2A. That is, the coil 23 can increase the cross-sectional area per unit volume of the scaffold material 2A, and can induce cells into the spiral.

  In the scaffold material 2A shown in FIG. 5A, the number of the coils 23 arranged in the spiral of the variable portion 21a is one, but two or more may be arranged. The coil 23 is made of a deformable material like the variable portion 21a.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5B, the scaffold material 2B may be provided with a guidance assisting material 24 that assists in the cell guidance of the cell guidance part 22b of the scaffold material 2B. As described above, by arranging the guidance assisting material 24, the amount of cells induced by the scaffold material can be increased, and the fixation between the artificial tooth root and the living tissue can be improved.

  For example, a non-woven fabric or a woven fabric that has a large cross-sectional area per unit volume and can be deformed in accordance with the deformation of the scaffold material 2B can be used as the guidance auxiliary material 24. Moreover, in order to cope with the deformation of the scaffold material 2B, a bundled wire may be formed in an annular shape (for example, a C shape) with a part missing.

  Still another example of the scaffold material according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 6 is a plan view of the scaffold material according to the present invention. The scaffold material 2C shown in FIG. 6 includes four variable parts 21c arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction and a cell guide part 22c arranged between adjacent variable parts 321c.

  As with the guidance assisting material 24, the cell guidance part 22c can use a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, a bundled wire, or the like. As described above, by making a part of the variable portion 21c of the scaffold material 2C to be the cell guide portion 22c, the fixation to the biomaterial is further facilitated. Note that at least one of the cell guide portions 22c may be formed as a rigid body, and may be formed as a rigid portion for applying a force when the scaffold material 2C is expanded. Thus, by providing the rigid portion, it is easy to handle the scaffold material 2C.

  Another example of the scaffold material according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 7A and 7B are plan views of other examples of the scaffold material according to the present invention. The scaffold material 3 includes a variable portion 31 having a bellows shape and formed in a ring shape. The variable unit 31 also serves as the cell guiding unit 32.

  As shown in FIG. 7A, when the bellows-shaped variable portion 31 is contracted, it cannot pass through the second retaining portion 132 of the artificial tooth root 1. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7B, by applying a force toward the outside, the bellows-shaped variable portion 31 spreads and the scaffold material 3 spreads. In this state, when the scaffold material 3 passes through the second retaining portion 132 and releases the force when the scaffold material 3 overlaps the locking portion 133 in the axial direction, the scaffold material 3 presses the locking portion 133. And is fixed to the biomaterial. The scaffold material 3 shown in FIG. 7 has a simple shape and can be easily attached to the artificial tooth root 1.

  Moreover, about the embodiment of the bellows shape in this invention, as shown in FIG. 8, it is good also as a shape by which the folding | turning of the bellows was provided toward the substantially axial center axis direction. The accordion-shaped scaffold material 4 is formed of a wire 41, and the folded-back portions 42 of the accordion are provided so as to be alternately in contact with two parallel imaginary circles C1 and C2. Yes. The scaffold material 4 can be deformed so that the diameter of the substantially cylindrical diameter is increased or decreased by changing the angle formed by the straight portions 44 a and 44 b on both sides of the variable portion 43. By this deformation, the scaffold material 4 can be fixed to the fixed object. The scaffold material 4 can have a cell guiding part by forming the gap formed by the straight portions 44a and 44b to be a cell-inducible gap, but may include a cell guiding part separately. In addition, a plurality of scaffold materials 4 may be stacked in the central axis direction, or a plurality of scaffold materials 4 may be stacked in the radial direction. As described above, by stacking a plurality of the scaffold materials of the present invention, a cell-inducible gap can be formed between the scaffold materials fixed to the fixed object. Therefore, for the living body in which the scaffold material is used The material can be made more useful.

  In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 8 described above, the scaffold material of the present invention is expanded by an external force and then contracted by a restoring force to be fixed to an object. The present invention is not limited to this, and after applying an external force that reduces the shape, the external force may be released and expanded to be fixed to the object. In such a case, for example, the scaffold material of the above-described embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 8 is once contracted and inserted into the pipe, and the external force of the scaffold material is released, so that the circumferential direction in the pipe is reduced. The scaffold material may be fitted and fixed in the groove by an expanding restoring force of the scaffold material.

The scaffold material of the present invention is not limited in use when the biomaterial is used for the artificial tooth root described above. The scaffold material of FIG. 1 is a medical tube used for tube feeding through a fistula. The fold material can be externally fitted and fixed to be used as a skin terminal that suppresses external germs from entering the body. Further, the present invention may be fitted on the outer periphery of a metal or ceramic artificial bone. In addition, the scaffold material of the present invention is formed into a disk shape or the like, and after being contracted by an external force, the scaffold material is inserted into a bone hole and then expanded by releasing the external force to be used as a prosthesis for closing the hole. You can also.
The scaffold material of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the fixed object is not limited to the above-described fixed object, and the function of the present invention can be exhibited.

  Moreover, the shape of the scaffold material of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a three-dimensional shape such as the above-described ring shape, cylindrical shape, plate shape, polygonal shape, or wave shape can be used. In addition, the scaffold material can have various shapes such as a non-woven shape, a net shape, a coil shape, and a bellows shape as a cell-inducible material, and in particular, these scaffold materials can invade cells. It is preferable that the variable part having a gap also serves as part or all of the scaffold material. Such a variable portion may be a coil spring-like body, a stretchable net-like body or a braided body, or a bellows body, a wave-like body, or a zigzag-shaped body. A plurality of these scaffold materials may be juxtaposed, and a small-diameter scaffold material is placed in a large-diameter coiled scaffold material, or a knitted scaffold material is laminated. May be used.

  The scaffold material of the present invention may be further coated with a cell-inducing material. By coating the cell-inducing material, hard tissue and / or soft tissue can be fixed in the scaffold material in a shorter period of time, so that treatment in applications where the scaffold material is used is more efficiently performed. be able to. The cell inducer material is not particularly limited as long as it can induce cells. For example, one or more kinds of apatite, β-TCP, collagen, gelatin and other gloss factors are used. Can be used as appropriate.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this content. The embodiments of the present invention can be variously modified without departing from the spirit of the invention.

  The present invention can be used for biomaterials such as artificial roots, artificial bones, prostheses, and skin terminals that can be firmly connected to the living tissue using a scaffold material that is connected to cells in the living body.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Artificial tooth root 11 Implanted part 111 Male screw 12 Holding part 121 Recessed hole 13 Attachment part 131 1st securing part 132 2nd securing part 133 Locking part 2 Scaffold material 21 Variable part 22 Cell guidance part 23 Coil 24 Guidance auxiliary material 3 Scaffold material 31 of another example Variable part 32 Cell guide part 4 Scaffold material 41 Wire rod 42 Folding part 43 Variable parts 44a, 44b Straight line part

Claims (4)

A cell induction part for inducing cells,
A scaffold comprising a deformable portion that is deformed by an external force and deforms to return to its original shape when the external force is released,
The variable portion is a ring-shaped coil spring formed so as to extend when an outward force is applied,
The coil spring has a ring-shaped inner diameter and an outer diameter, and has a cell guiding portion inside a spiral of a spiral wire rod whose axis is the direction around the axis of the ring-shaped inner diameter,
Generating a restoring force of returning when the external force is released with respect to the variable portion to the original shape, the variable portion in the restoring force can be fixed to a fixed object by re-deformed
Scaffold . The scaffold according to claim 1, wherein a material for inducing cells is arranged in the cell induction portion . A biomaterial using a scaffold according to claim 1, which has an embedded portion embedded in a human body,
The fixed object is the biomaterial;
The biomaterial according to claim 1, wherein the embedded portion includes an attachment portion to which the scaffold is fixed by the restoring force. The biomaterial according to claim 3, wherein the attachment portion includes a retaining portion that can pass only when the scaffold is deformed by an external force.

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