JP5847638B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool including a spindle on which an attachment is detachably attached.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a machine tool described in Patent Document 1 is known as a machine tool including a spindle on which an attachment is detachably attached. The machine tool includes a main shaft that extends in a vertical direction, a housing member such as a quill that is disposed radially outside the main shaft and houses the main shaft, an adapter clamp mechanism that is provided on the main shaft, and the housing member. An attached attachment body clamping mechanism.

  The attachment attached to the main shaft includes an attachment main body, an attachment main shaft housed in the attachment main body and extending in the vertical direction, and an adapter such as a support cylinder provided at the upper end of the attachment main shaft.

  The adapter clamp mechanism is a mechanism for clamping the adapter of the attachment, and can be switched between a state of clamping the adapter and a state of releasing the adapter so that the adapter of the attachment rotates integrally with the spindle of the machine tool. The attachment body clamping mechanism is a mechanism for clamping the attachment body, and is switched between a state of clamping the attachment body and a state of releasing the attachment body so that the attachment body is fixed to the housing member.

  The main shaft can be driven to rotate relative to the housing member around the central axis of the main shaft, and the indexing (adjustment of the orientation) of the attachment is performed using the rotation of the main shaft. Specifically, the adapter clamp mechanism maintains the state in which the adapter of the attachment is clamped, while the attachment body clamp mechanism releases the attachment body and is not fixed to the housing member, and the spindle is driven to rotate. . As a result, the attachment is horizontally turned at a predetermined index angle together with the main shaft. After the attachment turns to a predetermined indexing angle, the attachment body clamping mechanism clamps the attachment body, thereby completing the indexing operation. The attachment after the indexing operation is in a state of being fixed to both the main shaft and the housing member with sufficient strength to process the workpiece.

Japanese Patent No. 27311992

  In a machine tool capable of indexing and turning the attachment as described above, the attachment is held only by the adapter clamp mechanism and not held by the attachment body clamping mechanism when the attachment is turned and indexed. For this reason, during the index turning of the attachment, the attachment may fall if the adapter is not held by the adapter clamp mechanism for some reason. For example, when a held portion such as a pull stud in the adapter is weakened due to aging or the like, the pull stud may break due to the weight of the attachment during indexing turning. In such a case, the attachment may fall onto the table if the pull stud breaks during indexing turning on the table on which the workpiece is placed.

  In addition, the attachment body clamping mechanism can be switched between a state in which the attachment body is released and a state in which the attachment body is clamped so that the attachment body is fixed to the receiving member, but the attachment body is released during the index turning. Since the state, that is, the state in which the attachment main body is not held, the attachment cannot be prevented from falling. Therefore, it is conceivable to provide the attachment with a fall prevention means such as a flange for preventing the attachment from falling apart from the attachment body clamping mechanism. However, in this case, when replacing the attachment, it is necessary to replace the attachment so as not to interfere with the fall prevention means such as the flange, and it may be difficult to smoothly replace the attachment.

  The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above, and is a machine tool capable of preventing the attachment from being dropped during indexing and turning and smoothly replacing the attachment. The purpose is to provide.

  The machine tool of the present invention is provided with a main shaft having an adapter mounting portion having a shape to which an adapter of an attachment can be mounted, a storage member for storing the main shaft, and the main shaft, and fixes the adapter to the adapter mounting portion. Adapter holding mechanism that can be switched between a holding state for holding and a holding release state for releasing the holding, and the storage member, and holds the attachment main body to be fixed to the storage member An attachment holding mechanism that can be switched between a holding state and a release state that releases the main body of the attachment, a restriction state that restricts release of the main body of the attachment by the attachment holding mechanism, and a restriction release that releases the restriction A release restricting mechanism that can be switched to a state. And a first position that holds the attachment body in a closed state so as to fix the main body of the attachment to the storage member, and the first position along the axial direction of the main shaft. A holding portion movable between a second position separated from the holding portion, and a holding portion urging member that urges the holding portion in the opening direction so that the holding portion releases the holding of the attachment body. A holding unit moving unit that moves the holding unit between the first position and the second position, and the holding unit is separated from a main body of the attachment in the second position. The release restricting mechanism is movable between an open position opened to release the main body and a closed position closed so as not to release the main body of the attachment in a state separated from the main body of the attachment. The holding position of the attachment body and the holding position of the attachment body are released so as not to release the holding of the attachment body by contacting the holding section when the holding section is in the second position. The restraint member provided on the housing member and the restraint member are moved from the restraint release position so that the restraint can be moved between a restraint release position that releases the restraint and allows movement to the open position. A restraining member biasing member that biases toward the restraining position; and when the main shaft moves to a detachable position that can be attached to and detached from the replacement attachment placed at a predetermined placement position, An operation unit that operates the restraining member against the biasing force of the restraining member biasing member so as to move from the restraining position to the restraint releasing position, and when the main shaft moves to the attachment / detachment position, The restraint member is moved from the restraint position to the restraint release position by an operation from the operation part, thereby releasing the restraint to the closed position with respect to the holding part. When the holding unit is moved from the first position to the second position by the holding unit moving unit, the holding unit releases the holding of the attachment main body by the urging force of the holding unit urging member. Move to the open position, release the main body of the attachment by the holding portion, thereby placing the attachment at the mounting position described above, or replacement for mounting at the mounting position An attachment can be attached to the main shaft, and when the main shaft is at a position other than the attachment / detachment position, the restraining member is contacted by the operation portion. In a state where there is no operation of the restraining member, the restraining member is positioned at the restraining position by the biasing force from the restraining member biasing member, and the holding portion is moved from the first position by the holding portion moving portion at a position other than the attaching / detaching position. When the restraining member is moved to the second position, the restraining member does not release the holding of the attachment main body while abutting the holding portion and resisting the biasing force of the holding portion biasing member. The attachment main body is separated from the storage member within a predetermined distance within a predetermined range that allows the main body of the attachment to pivot about the central axis of the main shaft with respect to the storage member. On the other hand, when the attachment main body leaves the predetermined distance from the storage member, the attachment is held by the holding portion. The features.

  In the present invention, when the spindle is moved to the detachable attachment position when the replacement attachment placed at the predetermined placement position is moved to the detachable attachment position, when the spindle is at a position other than the attachment position, The release of the attachment body is regulated by the attachment holding mechanism so that the attachment body can be indexed and swiveled, and the holding part is located in a range where the attachment can be held so that the attachment does not fall during the indexing turn. On the other hand, at the attachment / detachment position, the restriction on the release of the attachment body is released. As a result, both the prevention of the attachment falling during the index turning and the smooth exchange of the attachment are achieved.

  That is, in the above configuration, the holding portion of the attachment holding mechanism that holds the attachment main body has the first position for holding the attachment main body to be fixed to the storage member in the closed state by the holding portion moving portion, and the first position. It is moved between a first position and a second position spaced apart in the axial direction of the main shaft. The holding portion is openable and closable, and in the second position, the holding portion is opened to release the attachment main body away from the attachment main body, and the attachment main body is not released in a state separated from the attachment main body. It is possible to move between the closed position and the closed position. And the holding | maintenance part is urged | biased by the opening direction so that the holding | maintenance of an attachment main body may be released by the holding | maintenance part urging member. Further, the release restriction mechanism includes a restraining position that abuts the holding portion when the holding portion is in the second position and restrains the holding portion to the closed position, and a restraining member that can move between a restraint releasing position that releases the restraint. . When the restraining member is in the restraining release position, the holding portion can move to the open position so as to release the attachment body by the biasing force from the holding portion biasing member.

  Therefore, when the restraint member is moved from the restraint position to the restraint release position by the operation from the operation unit at the above attachment / detachment position, the restraint member releases the restraint to the closed position with respect to the holding part. To do. In this attachment / detachment position, when the holding part is moved from the first position holding the attachment body to the second position by the holding part moving part, the holding part is attached to the attachment body by the urging force of the holding part urging member. It is possible to release the holding of the main body of the attachment by the holding portion by moving to an open position where the holding of the attachment is released. Accordingly, the attachment can be placed at the placement position, or the replacement attachment placed at the placement position can be attached to the spindle. In this state, the holding portion is moved to the open position where the main body of the attachment can be released by the biasing force of the holding portion biasing member, so that the holding portion does not contact the main body of the attachment. As a result, it is possible to smoothly replace the attachment at the attachment / detachment position without the attachment being interfered with the holding portion.

  On the other hand, when the main shaft is at a position other than the attaching / detaching position, the restraining member is positioned at the restraining position by the biasing force from the restraining member biasing member in a state where the restraining member is not operated by the operating portion. When the holding part is moved from the first position to the second position by the holding part moving part at a position other than the attaching / detaching position, the restraining member comes into contact with the holding part and the urging force of the holding part urging member The holding part is constrained to the closed position so as not to release the holding of the attachment body while resisting. Thereby, the attachment main body can be separated from the storage member within a predetermined distance range in which the attachment main body can turn around the central axis of the main shaft with respect to the storage member, while the attachment main body can be separated from the storage member. The release of the attachment main body by the holding unit is regulated so that the holding unit holds the attachment body when leaving a predetermined distance. Therefore, at the time of indexing turning of the attachment, since the release of the attachment main body by the holding portion is restricted by the restraining member to such an extent that it can be indexed and turned, it is possible to perform the indexing turning. In addition, even when the adapter holding mechanism is detached from the adapter holding mechanism because the held portion (pull stud or the like) at the tip of the adapter breaks during index turning, the adapter is held by the holding portion in the closed position. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the attachment from dropping during the index turning.

  The operation unit is disposed in the vicinity of the mounting position, and abuts against the urging force of the restraining member urging member by abutting against the restraining member when the main shaft moves to the attach / detach position. It is preferable that a contact member that performs an operation of moving from the restraint position to the restraint release position is provided.

  According to this configuration, the abutting member disposed at the predetermined placement position on which the replacement attachment is placed abuts on the restraining member when the main shaft moves to the attachment / detachment position, thereby restraining the restraining member. An operation of moving the restraint member from the restraint position to the restraint release position against the urging force of the member is performed. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a drive mechanism for moving the restraint member from the restraint position to the restraint release position. As a result, it is possible to simplify and miniaturize the structure of the portion installed on the housing member in the release regulating mechanism.

  Furthermore, the restraint member has a restraint member restraint member main body movable between the restraint position and the restraint release position, and a shape connected to the restraint member main body and capable of coming into contact with the contact member. An operation portion that receives an operation force from the contact member that moves the restraint member main body from the restraint position to the restraint release position when the restraint member main body is in contact with the contact member. It is preferable that the outer peripheral surface of the storage member protrudes outward.

  According to this configuration, since the operated portion of the restraining member protrudes outward from the outer peripheral surface of the storage member, when the contact member contacts the operated portion and operates the operated portion, the storage member Is less likely to interfere with the contact member. Thereby, the operated part can reliably receive an operation force for moving the restraint member main body from the restraint position to the restraint release position from the contact member. As a result, the restraint member can be smoothly operated by the contact member.

  Furthermore, the operated member guide part further guides the operated part so that the restricting member main body can move between the restricted position and the restricted release position. A guide groove for guiding the operated portion; the guide groove is formed in a direction in which a central axis of the main shaft extends; and the operated portion passes through the guide groove from an outer peripheral surface of the storage member. The guide groove has a width that can prevent the operated portion from rotating around the central axis of the main shaft of the restraining member main body, and the guide groove in the restraining member main body. It is preferable to have a length that can secure the amount of movement between the restraint position and the restraint release position.

  According to this configuration, the guide groove of the operated portion guide portion that guides the operated portion has a width that can prevent the operated portion from rotating around the main shaft of the restraining member body, and the restraining member body. It has a length that can ensure the amount of movement between the constraint position and the constraint release position. Therefore, it is possible to ensure the amount of movement between the restraining position and the restraint releasing position in the restraining member body while preventing the restraining member body from rotating, and the restraining member body can be smoothly moved.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the attachment can be prevented from dropping during indexing and turning, and the attachment can be exchanged smoothly.

It is sectional drawing of the spindle vicinity of the machine tool concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the lower end part periphery of the main axis | shaft of FIG. It is an expanded sectional view which shows the release control mechanism of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which the collet guide of FIG. 1 raised and moved to the restraint release position. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which the collet of FIG. 1 descend | falls and the attachment main body was released. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the collet is lowered and the attachment can be indexed and turned when the collet guide of FIG. 1 is in the restraining position. It is sectional drawing which shows the release control mechanism concerning other embodiment of this invention. (A) is an expanded view of the collet guide showing the state where the collet guide regulates the opening operation of the collet when the collet guide of FIG. FIG. 8 is a developed enlarged view of the collet guide and the collet contact portion viewed from above, showing a state in which the restriction of the collet opening operation is released when the collet guide of FIG. 7 is in the restraint release position. It is a release control mechanism concerning other embodiment of the present invention, and is a sectional view showing the state where the opening operation of a collet is controlled. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the collet is lowered and the attachment can be indexed and turned when the collet guide of FIG. 9 is in the restraining position. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the restriction on the collet opening operation is released in the release restricting mechanism of FIG. 9.

  Next, the machine tool of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

  A machine tool 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a main shaft 2, a quill 3 that houses the main shaft 2, an adapter clamp mechanism 4, an attachment clamp mechanism 5, and a release restriction mechanism 6. In the machine tool 1, the main shaft 2 and the quill 3 are arranged extending in the vertical direction.

  In the machine tool 1, the adapter 51 of the attachment 50 is attached to the spindle 2 by the adapter clamp mechanism 4. The attachment body 53 is fixed to the quill 3 by the attachment clamp mechanism 5.

  Here, the attachment 50 attached to the machine tool 1 will be briefly described. As shown in FIG. 2, the attachment 50 includes an adapter 51, a pull stud 52 provided at the tip of the adapter 51, an attachment main body 53, and a carbide gear 54.

  The adapter 51 is attached to the upper end of the attachment main shaft inside the attachment main body 53 so that the adapter 51 can rotate around the central axis C of the main shaft 2 with respect to the attachment main body 53. The adapter 51 is spline-coupled to the attachment main shaft inside the attachment main body 53 so that the adapter 51 can move in the direction of the central axis C in the vertical direction independently of the attachment main body 53, and the rotation of the adapter 51 is transmitted to the attachment main shaft. At the same time, it is always urged upward by a spring (not shown).

  As shown in FIG. 2, the adapter 51 has a conical shape, and a pull stud 52 is provided at the tip of the adapter 51 as a held portion held by the collet 12 of the adapter clamp mechanism 4. . The pull stud 52 includes a shaft portion 52a and a head portion 52b projecting in the radial direction of the shaft portion 52a provided at the tip of the shaft portion 52a. The adapter 51 also has a pair of key holes 51a into which the main shaft end key 2c4 at the lower end of the main shaft 2 can be inserted. Moreover, the clutch pin 51c (refer FIG. 2) is provided so that it may protrude upwards in the position spaced apart from the pull stud 52 in the adapter 51. FIG.

  In a state before the attachment body 53 is fixed to the quill 3 (for example, when the attachment 50 is stored or when the attachment 50 can be indexed and swiveled), the clutch pin 51c of the adapter 51 is inserted into the insertion hole of the attachment body 53. 57, the adapter 51 and the attachment main body 53 can be indexed and swiveled around the central axis C together with being coupled via the clutch pin 51c. On the other hand, in a state where the attachment main body 53 is fixed to the quill 3 (see FIG. 3), the attachment main body 53 rises relative to the clutch pin 51c. Therefore, since the clutch pin 51c has come out of the insertion hole 57 of the attachment main body 53, the coupling between the adapter 51 and the attachment main body 53 via the clutch pin 51c is released. As a result, the adapter 51 and the attachment main shaft splined to the adapter 51 can rotate around the central axis C independently.

  Next, each part of the machine tool 1 will be described in detail.

  The main shaft 2 has a peripheral wall 2b surrounding a central through hole 2a extending along the central axis C in the vertical direction, and an adapter mounting portion 2c provided at the lower end of the peripheral wall 2b.

  The adapter mounting portion 2c has a shape that allows the adapter 51 of the attachment 50 to be mounted. The adapter mounting portion 2c has a space portion 2c1 that opens downward so that the conical adapter 51 can be inserted.

  The space portion 2c1 is formed in a conical shape and is formed at an adapter housing portion 2c2 in which the adapter 51 is housed, and at the tip of the conical portion 2c2, and the collet 12 opens and closes to hold and release the pull stud 52. And a collet opening / closing portion 2c3. The collet opening / closing part 2c3 communicates with the central through hole 2a. The inner diameter of the collet opening / closing portion 2c3 is set to be larger than the inner diameter of the central through hole 2a so that the collet 12 can be opened and closed to perform the operation of holding the pull stud 52 and releasing the holding.

  When the adapter 51 is stored in the adapter storage portion 2c2, the outer peripheral surface of the adapter 51 contacts the inner peripheral surface of the adapter storage portion 2c2. When the adapter 51 is housed in the adapter housing portion 2c2, the shaft portion 52a of the pull stud 52 is positioned at the collet opening / closing portion 2c3. When the shaft portion 52a is in this position, the collet 12 is closed, and the pull stud 52 can be held in a state where the collet 12 is engaged with the head portion 52b.

  The adapter mounting portion 2c includes a spindle end key 2c4 at the lower end thereof. The spindle end key 2c4 is composed of a pair of protrusions arranged on both sides of the space 2c1. The spindle end key 2 c 4 has a shape that can be inserted into the key hole 51 a of the adapter 51.

  The quill 3 is a cylindrical body that rotatably stores the main shaft 2 and corresponds to the storage member of the present invention. The quill 3 has a space portion 3 a that houses the main shaft 2. The main shaft 2 is supported on the inner wall of the space 3 a of the quill 3 via a bearing 11 so as to be rotatable around the central axis C.

  A carbide gear 61 for indexing the attachment 50 is provided at the lower end of the quill 3. The carbide gear 61 has a plurality of teeth 61a protruding downward. The plurality of teeth 61a are arranged at equal intervals in a circumferential shape. When the attachment main body 53 of the attachment 50 is attached to the lower end of the quill 3, the carbic gear 61 can mesh with the carbic gear 54 provided on the upper end side of the attachment main body 53.

  The main shaft 2 and the quill 3 can be moved in the horizontal and vertical directions by a moving mechanism (not shown).

  The adapter clamp mechanism 4 is a mechanism that can be switched between a holding state in which the adapter 51 is held on the adapter mounting portion 2c and a holding release state in which the adapter 51 is released, and corresponds to the adapter holding mechanism of the present invention. Specifically, the adapter clamp mechanism 4 includes a collet 12 that holds the pull stud 52 of the adapter 51, a draw bar 16 that pushes and pulls the collet 12, and a draw bar drive unit.

  The collet 12 is attached to the tip of a draw bar 16 that is passed from the central through hole 2a to the adapter mounting portion 2c. The collet 12 is a cylindrical body having a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 2 and is composed of four pieces obtained by dividing the cylinder into four equal parts in the circumferential direction. The collet 12 includes an engaging portion 12a that is engaged with the tip of the draw bar 16, four tongue pieces 12b that are body portions of the collet 12, and a claw portion 12c that is provided at the tip of the tongue piece 12b. Have. The claw portion 12 c has a shape that can be engaged with the head portion 52 b of the pull stud 52. The tongue piece 12b can move in a direction approaching and leaving the center axis C.

  When the collet 12 receives the operating force from the draw bar 16 and retreats from the adapter mounting portion 2c to the central through hole 2a, each tongue piece 12b is guided to the inner wall of the central through hole 2a of the main shaft 2, and the claw portion By moving 12c closer to the central axis C, the pull stud 52 of the adapter 51 of the attachment 50 can be held. Further, when the collet 12 advances from the central through hole 2a to the adapter mounting portion 2c, the collet opening / closing portion in which the claw portion 12c of each collet 12 has a larger inner diameter than the central through hole 2a from the central through hole 2a of the main shaft 2 When coming out 2c3, the tongue 12b of the collet 12 is guided by the inner wall of the central through hole 2a and opens away from the central axis C, and the claw 12c separates from the pull stud 52 and holds the pull stud 52. Is released.

  The draw bar 16 is disposed inside the central through hole 2a so as to be movable along the central axis C, and performs an operation of moving the collet 12 from the central through hole 2a to the adapter mounting portion 2c. The draw bar 16 is connected to the collet 12.

  The lower end 16a of the draw bar 16 has a recess 16c extending in the circumferential direction of the lower end 16a. The engaging portion 12a of the collet 12 is engaged with the recess 16c. Thus, the collet 12 is held at the lower end portion 16a of the draw bar 16 so that the pull stud 52 can be held and released.

  The draw bar drive unit moves the draw bar 16 in the direction in which the central axis C extends. The draw bar drive unit includes a reverse drive unit 18 and a forward drive unit. The reverse drive unit 18 retracts the draw bar 16 in a direction away from the adapter mounting unit 2c. The advance drive unit advances the draw bar 16 in a direction in which the draw bar 16 approaches the adapter mounting unit 2c.

  The forward drive portion includes a hydraulic cylinder 19 that pushes the draw bar 16 toward the adapter mounting portion 2c.

  Specifically, the reverse drive unit 18 includes a plurality of stacked leaf springs 18a, a first washer 18b, a second washer 18c, and a washer presser nut 18d. The first washer 18b is sandwiched between the lowermost leaf spring 18a and the stepped portion 2e inside the central through hole 2a in the main shaft 2. The washer holding nut 18 d is screwed into a screw portion 16 b provided on the upper part of the draw bar 16. The second washer 18c is sandwiched between the uppermost leaf spring 18a and the washer holding nut 18d. When the draw bar 16 receives a pressing force from the hydraulic cylinder 19, the draw bar 16 descends while the plurality of leaf springs 18a are compressed, and the collet 12 attached to the lower end 16a of the draw bar 16 is moved into the space of the adapter mounting portion 2c. Extrude to part 2c1. On the other hand, when the pressing force from the hydraulic cylinder 19 disappears, the draw bar 16 moves upward by the restoring force of the plurality of leaf springs 18a, so the collet 12 is drawn into the center through hole 2a from the adapter mounting portion 2c. .

  The attachment clamp mechanism 5 includes a collet 25, a hydraulic cylinder 26, and a ring-shaped tension spring 34, as shown in FIGS. The collet 25 holds the attachment main body 53 on the quill 3 and releases the holding. The attachment clamp mechanism 5 corresponds to the attachment holding mechanism of the present invention.

  The collet 25 is an openable / closable member that holds the attachment main body 53, and has a shape obtained by dividing the cylindrical body into four or eight. Each tip portion 25b of the collet 25 has a claw portion 25b1 protruding toward the central axis C. The collet 25 corresponds to the holding unit of the present invention. The collet 25 is movable along the direction of the central axis C of the main shaft 2 together with the piston 26b of the hydraulic cylinder 26. Specifically, the collet 25 has a first position I (see FIG. 3) that holds the attachment body in a closed state so as to fix the attachment body to the quill 3, and a downward direction in which the central axis C extends from the first position I. It is movable between the second positions II (see FIGS. 5 to 6) that are separated from each other.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the base side end portion 25 a of the collet 25 is swingably attached to a downward extension portion 26 b 1 of the piston portion 26 b of the hydraulic cylinder 26. Specifically, the downward extension 26b1 is provided with a groove 26b2 on the circumference near the lower end extending in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. On the other hand, at the base end 25a of the collet 25, an engaging portion 25a1 that is rotatably engaged with the concave groove 26b2 is provided. When the engaging portion 25a1 is engaged with the concave groove 26b2, the collet 25 can turn around the engaging portion 25a1 as a rotation center.

  In addition, a ring-shaped tension spring 34 that contracts in the center direction, such as an O-ring, is provided at the base end 25a of the collet 25. The ring-shaped tension spring 34 biases the collet 25 in the opening direction (the direction of arrow A in FIG. 5) so that the collet 25 releases the holding of the attachment main body 53. The ring-shaped tension spring 34 corresponds to the holding portion biasing member of the present invention.

  The claw portion 25b1 of the distal end portion 25b of the collet 25 has a shape that can be engaged with a stepped portion 55 provided in the carbide gear 54 or the like as a held portion in the attachment main body 53.

  Further, a rear projecting portion 25b2 that abuts on a collet guide main body 32a described later is formed at the tip portion 25b of the collet 25. Further, an insertion recess 25b3 having a shape into which a lower end 32a1 of a collet guide main body 32a, which will be described later, can be inserted is formed on the upper part of the rear projecting portion 25b2 of the collet 25.

  The hydraulic cylinder 26 raises and lowers the collet 25 and corresponds to the holding portion moving portion of the present invention. Specifically, the hydraulic cylinder 26 includes a cylinder portion 26a formed on the peripheral wall of the quill 3 and a piston portion 26b disposed so as to be movable up and down in the space portion 26a1 of the cylinder portion 26a. Yes. It is possible to lower the piston portion 26b and the collet 25 by sending the compressed oil into the space 26a1 above the upper end surface of the piston portion 26b. On the other hand, it is possible to raise the piston part 26b and the collet 25 by sending the compressed oil to the part below the lower end surface of the piston part 26b in the space part 26a1. As a result, the hydraulic cylinder 26 has a first position (position I of the collet 25 in FIG. 3) that holds the attachment body 53 to the quill 3 in a state where the collet 25 is closed, and the first position I is higher than the first position I. It is possible to move the collet 25 between a second position spaced apart downward (position II of the collet 25 in FIGS. 5 to 6).

  The collet 25 is guided by the collet guide body 32a when moving between the first position I and the second position II. Specifically, the collet 25 pushes the rear projecting portion 25b2 of the collet 25 to the collet guide body while being urged by the ring-shaped tension spring 34 in the direction of releasing the holding of the attachment body 53 (the direction of arrow A in FIG. 5). It is guided in the vertical direction in a state where it abuts against the standing face 32a2 of 32a.

(Description of release restriction mechanism 6)
The release restriction mechanism 6 is a mechanism that can be switched between a restriction state that restricts the release of the attachment main body 53 by the attachment clamp mechanism 5 and a restriction release state that releases the restriction.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the release restriction mechanism 6 includes a casing 31, a collet guide 32, a spring 35, and an operation unit that operates the collet guide 32.

  The casing 31 is made of a cylindrical member and is fixed to the lower end of the quill 3. A guide groove 31a extending in the direction in which the central axis C of the main shaft 2 extends, that is, in the vertical direction is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the casing 31 in order to guide a pin 32b of the collet guide 32 described later. The casing 31 corresponds to the operated portion guide portion of the present invention. Two guide grooves 31 a are formed at positions facing each other in the circumferential direction of the casing 31. By inserting the pin 32b of the collet guide 32 into the guide groove 31a of the casing 31, the casing 31 has the collet guide main body 32a in the restrained position P1 (see FIGS. 3 and 6) and the restraint release position P2 (FIGS. 4 to 5). It is possible to guide the pin 32b of the collet guide 32 so that it can be moved between.

  The guide groove 31a has a width (specifically, the width of the guide groove 31a in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. 3) that can prevent the pin 32b from rotating around the central axis of the main shaft 2 in the collet guide body 32a. And having a length L that can secure a movement amount between the restraint position P1 and the restraint release position P2 in the collet guide main body 32a.

  Further, a space portion 31 d extending in the circumferential direction of the casing 31 is formed inside the casing 31. The space 31d has such a size that the collet guide body 32a can be accommodated so that it can move up and down. The space portion 31d communicates with the guide groove 31a. Furthermore, a vertical hole 31b for accommodating the spring 35 is formed at the upper end of the space portion 31d. The vertical holes 31 b are formed at a plurality of locations (for example, 4 to 8 locations) along the circumferential direction of the cylindrical casing 31.

  The outer diameter of the casing 31 is set to be the same as or slightly larger than the outer diameter of the quill 3. Therefore, the outer peripheral surface of the casing 31 extends continuously from the outer peripheral surface of the quill 3 or slightly protrudes outward from the outer peripheral surface of the quill 3.

  The collet guide 32 abuts against the collet 25 when in the lower second position II and restrains the collet 25 to the closed position SH so as not to release the holding of the attachment body 53 (see FIG. 6). And the restraint release position P2 (see FIG. 5) that releases the restraint so as to release the holding of the attachment main body 53 and allows the movement to the open position OP, along the direction in which the central axis C of the main shaft 2 extends. And is provided at the lower end of the quill 3 via a casing 31. The collet guide 32 corresponds to the restraining member of the present invention. The collet guide 32 contacts the collet 25 and guides the collet 25 between the first position I and the second position II. When the collet 25 moves from the second position II to the first position I, the collet guide 32 restrains the collet 25 in a closed state, so that the state in which the collet 25 holds the attachment main body 53 can be maintained. is there.

  Specifically, the collet guide 32 includes a collet guide main body 32a and a pin 32b.

  The collet guide body 32a is made of a cylindrical member, and is accommodated in the space 31d inside the casing 31 so as to be movable between the restraint position P1 and the restraint release position P2.

  The lower end 32a1 of the collet guide main body 32a has a shape that can be inserted into the insertion recess 25b3 of the collet 25. Further, the standing face 32a2 on the inner peripheral side of the collet guide main body 32a is in contact with the rear projecting portion 25b2 of the collet 25 and can guide the collet 25 between the first position I and the second position II. Have

  The collet guide main body 32a has a restriction position P1 (see FIGS. 3 and 6) for restricting the release of the attachment main body 53 and a restriction release position P2 (see FIG. 5) for releasing the restriction of the release of the attachment main body 53. It can move up and down between. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6, when the collet guide main body 32a is in the restraining position P1, the collet guide main body 32a is moved even if the collet 25 moves from the first position I to the second position II. When the standing face 32a2 abuts against the rear projecting portion 25b2 of the collet 25, the collet 25 rotates in the direction A (see FIG. 5) in which the attachment main body 53 is released against the urging force of the ring-shaped tension spring 34. And the release of the attachment main body 53 is restricted. On the other hand, when the collet 25 is moved from the first position I to the second position II in the state where the collet guide main body 32a is moved from the restriction position P1 to the restriction release position P2 as shown in FIGS. The rear projecting portion 25b2 of the collet 25 enters the space below the area where the standing face 32a2 of the collet guide main body 32a is formed, so that the collet 25 rotates in the direction A (see FIG. 5) in which the attachment main body 53 is released. The attachment main body 53 can be released.

  Two pins 32b are connected to the outer peripheral surface of the collet guide main body 32a so as to protrude outward from the outer peripheral surface of the collet guide main body 32a. The pin 32b includes a head portion 32b1, a shaft portion 32b2, and a screw shaft portion 32b3. The head portion 32b1 is provided at the tip of the shaft portion 32b2, and is larger than the outer diameter of the shaft portion 32b2. The head portion 32b1 protruding outward from the outer peripheral surface of the casing 31 is formed of a columnar member extending in the horizontal direction. The shaft portion 32b2 has an outer diameter that is the same as the width of the guide groove 31a (the width in the direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 3), and passes through the guide groove 31a of the casing 31. The screw shaft portion 32b3 fastens the pin 32b to the collet guide body 32a with screws.

  The pin head 32b1 is pushed up from the contact member 100 when the main shaft 2 reaches the attachment attachment / detachment position, and this force is used as an operation force to move the collet guide body 32a from the restraint position P1 to the restraint release position P2. Works.

  The spring 35 is a compression spring that biases the collet guide 32 from the restraint release position P2 toward the restraint position P1. The springs 35 are respectively accommodated in the vertical holes 31 b of the casing 31. The spring 35 is compressed between the inner end 31c of the vertical hole 31b and the upper end 32a2 of the collet guide main body 32a. Thereby, the spring 35 can urge the collet guide 32 from the restraint release position P2 toward the restraint position P1.

  In the operation unit, the spindle 2 and the quill 3 move on a predetermined placement position where the replacement attachment 50 is placed, for example, on a cradle (not shown) having a shape on which the attachment 50 can be placed. The collet guide 32 is operated so that the collet guide 32 is moved from the restraint position P1 to the restraint release position P2 when the spindle 2 moves to the attachment attach / detach position where the attachment 50 can be detached. Specifically, the operation unit includes a contact member 100 that pushes up the collet guide 32 upward.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 to 5, the contact member 100 is disposed at and near a predetermined placement position where a cradle (not shown) on which the replacement attachment 50 is placed is placed. . When the main shaft 2 is lowered to the attachment attachment / detachment position on the cradle, the contact member 100 contacts the collet guide 32 through the pin 32b and resists the urging force of the spring 35 to move the collet guide 32 from the restraining position P1. An operation of moving to the constraint release position P2 is performed.

  The contact member 100 includes a head portion 101, a base portion 102, and a spring 103. The base 102 is fixed to a cradle arranged at the placement position or a position in the vicinity thereof. The head 101 and the base 102 are arranged side by side in the vertical direction, and the head 101 and the base 102 are connected by a spring 103. The upper end 101a of the head 101 has a shape that can be fitted to the cylindrical head 32b1 of the pin 32b. The spring 103 relaxes the impact when the pin 32b is placed on the head 101 and absorbs an excessive amount of movement.

(Explanation on attachment and detachment of attachment 50)
In the machine tool 1 described above, the attachment 50 is mounted in the following procedure.

  First, the main spindle 2 and the quill 3 in a state where the attachment 50 is not mounted are horizontally moved to a predetermined placement position where the cradle on which the attachment 50 is placed by a moving mechanism (not shown) of the machine tool 1. Then, it is lowered to the attachment attachment / detachment position of the cradle. At this time, as shown in FIG. 4, the head portion 101 of the abutting member 100 arranged in the vicinity of the cradle moves upward while resisting the biasing force of the spring 35 against the head portion 32 b 1 of the pin 32 b of the collet guide 32. Push up. As a result, the collet guide 32 is pushed up from the restraint position P1 (see FIG. 3) to the restraint release position P2 (see FIG. 4). Thereby, the restriction | limiting to the closed position SH with respect to the collet 25 is cancelled | released.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 5, the piston 26 b and the collet 25 are lowered by the hydraulic cylinder 26. When the collet 25 is lowered to the second position II, the collet 25 is not restrained from the collet guide 32 at the restraint releasing position P2 to the closed position SH, and therefore the open position OP is applied by the biasing force of the ring-shaped tension spring 34. Open to. Specifically, the rear projecting portion 25b of the collet 25 moves further below the lower end of the standing face 32a2 of the collet guide main body 32a, so that the rear projecting portion 25b is not guided by the standing face 32a2. Therefore, the collet 25 turns in the direction A in which the attachment main body 53 is released by the urging force of the ring-shaped tension spring 34, and as a result, the attachment 50 can be attached to the main shaft 2 and the quill 3.

  At the same time, the hydraulic cylinder 19 is operated before the main shaft 2 reaches the attachment attachment / detachment position, and the draw bar 16 is pushed down by the downward pressing force generated in the hydraulic cylinder 19 against the urging force of the leaf spring 18a. Thereby, the collet 12 attached to the lower end portion 16a of the draw bar 16 is pushed down from the central through hole 2a to the adapter mounting portion 2c, and the claw portion 12c of the collet 12 goes out to the collet opening / closing portion 2c3. At this time, the tongue piece 12b of the collet 12 moves in a direction away from the central axis C, and the claw portion 12c opens to the outside. When the spindle 2 is lowered to the attachment attachment / detachment position, as shown in FIG. 2, the adapter 51 of the attachment 50 is inserted into the space 2c1 of the adapter mounting portion 2c of the spindle 2, and the spindle end key 2c4 is attached to the adapter. 51 is inserted into the keyhole 51a. At this time, the attachment main body 53 and the lower end surface of the quill 3 are in a separated state.

  Subsequently, the downward pressing force of the hydraulic cylinder 19 is unloaded. At this time, the draw bar 16 is raised by the restoring force of the leaf spring 18a. Thereby. The collet 12 attached to the draw bar 16 is pulled back from the adapter mounting portion 2c to the central through hole 2a, and each tongue piece portion 12b is pushed against the inner wall of the central through hole 2a of the main shaft 2 so that the nail at the distal end of the tongue piece portion 12b. The part 12c moves in a direction approaching the central axis C. Thereby, the collet 12 can hold the pull stud 52 of the adapter 51 of the attachment 50.

  Next, after the operation in which the collet 12 holds the pull stud 52, the quill 3 and the main shaft 2 are raised by 5 mm so that the attachment body 53 can be indexed and turned.

  Next, the attachment clamping operation is started. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 3, the collet 25 is raised by the hydraulic cylinder 26 of the attachment clamp mechanism 5. At this time, the protruding portion 25b2 of the distal end portion 25b of the collet 25 comes into contact with the standing face 32a2 of the collet guide main body 32a, so that the collet 25 maintains a closed state in which the collet 25 can be engaged with the stepped portion 55 of the attachment main body 53. While being guided upward, it moves from the second position II to the first position I. The attachment main body 53 engaged with the collet 25 rises together with the collet 25, and the carbyl gear 61 on the quill 3 side and the carbic gear 54 on the attachment main body 53 side mesh with each other. At the same time, in the attachment 50, the clutch pin 51c of the adapter 51 comes out of the insertion hole 57 of the attachment main body 53, and the coupling between the adapter 51 and the attachment main body 53 via the clutch pin 51c is released. The adapter 51 can rotate relative to the attachment main body 53.

  In this state, by raising the main shaft 2 and the quill 3 from the cradle of the attachment 50, the pin 32 b of the collet guide 32 does not receive the upward operating force from the contact member 100, and the collet guide 32 The urging force returns from the restraint release position P2 (see FIG. 4) to the restraint position P1 (see FIG. 3). Thereby, the attachment of the attachment 50 is completed. FIG. 3 shows a normal clamping operation state of the attachment 50 at a position other than the attachment attaching / detaching position.

  On the other hand, when detaching the attachment 50, the above procedure may be reversed. That is, in the normal clamping operation state of the attachment 50 shown in FIG. 3, the main shaft 2 and the quill 3 are moved horizontally to a predetermined placement position with an empty cradle. Next, the main shaft 2 and the quill 3 are moved down to move the main shaft 2 to the attachment attachment / detachment position, and as shown in FIG. 4, the collet guide 32 is placed by the contact member 100 disposed at the mounting position such as a cradle. Moves from the restraint position P1 (see FIG. 3) to the restraint release position P2 (see FIG. 4). Thereafter, the attachment body 53 is moved from the first position I (see FIG. 3) where the collet 25 is lowered by the hydraulic cylinder 26 to hold the attachment body 53 to a second position II (see FIGS. 5 to 6) spaced 5 mm downward. Lower with its own weight. At the same time, the clutch pin 51 c of the adapter 51 enters the insertion hole 57 of the attachment main body 53. And the adapter 51 and the attachment main body 53 are couple | bonded by the clutch pin 51c. At this time, the collet 25 rotates in the direction A in which the collet 25 releases the attachment main body 53 by the biasing force of the ring-shaped tension spring 34, and the claw portion 25 b 1 of the collet 25 is an engaged portion of the attachment main body 53. The stepped portion 55 leaves the radial direction of the central axis C of the main shaft 2. Thereby, the attachment main body 53 is released from the collet 25. In this state, by releasing the holding of the adapter 51 by the adapter clamp mechanism 4 (specifically, holding of the pull stud 52 by the collet 12), the attachment 50 is detached from the main shaft 2 and the quill 3 and is empty. It can be placed on the cradle.

(Explanation about regulation of release of attachment 50)
As shown in FIGS. 4 to 5, the release restriction mechanism 6 configured as described above moves to an attachment attachment / detachment position in which the main shaft 2 can be attached to and detached from the replacement attachment 50 placed at a predetermined placement position. When this is done, it is possible to release the restraint of the attachment clamp mechanism 5 on the collet 25 to the closed position SH.

  Specifically, when the main shaft 2 moves to the attachment attachment / detachment position, the pin 32b of the collet guide 32 receives a push-up operation by the abutting member 100 disposed in the vicinity of the cradle, and the collet guide 32 is restrained from the restraining position P1. It is moved to the release position P2. In this state, when the collet 25 is lowered from the first position I to the second position II by the hydraulic cylinder 26, the attachment main body 53 is attached to the quill 3 by the urging force of the ring-shaped tension spring 34. The holding body 53 is turned in the direction A for releasing the holding and moved to the open position OP, and the holding of the attachment main body 53 by the collet 25 is released. Accordingly, the attachment 50 can be placed at the placement position, or the replacement attachment 50 placed at the placement position can be attached to the spindle 2.

  On the other hand, when the main shaft 2 is at a position other than the attachment attaching / detaching position, the collet guide 32 is restrained by the urging force from the spring 35 in a state where the collet guide 32 is not pushed up by the contact member 100 as shown in FIGS. Positioned at P1. When the collet 25 is moved from the first position I shown in FIG. 3 to the second position II shown in FIG. 6 by the hydraulic cylinder 26 at a position other than the attachment attachment / detachment position, the collet guide 32 moves to the collet 25. The collet 25 is restrained to the closed position SH so as not to release the holding of the attachment body 53 while abutting against the urging force of the ring-shaped tension spring 34. Thereby, the attachment main body 53 can be separated from the quill 3 within the range of the swivelable range B having a predetermined distance that allows the attachment main body 53 to index and swivel around the central axis of the main shaft 2 with respect to the quill 3. On the other hand, it is possible to regulate the release of the attachment main body 53 by the attachment clamp mechanism 5 so that the attachment main body 53 is held by the attachment clamp mechanism 5 when the attachment main body 53 leaves the turnable range B from the quill 3.

  Specifically, in the normal operation state of the attachment 50 at a position other than the attachment attaching / detaching position, as shown in FIG. 3, the collet guide main body 32a is biased downward by the spring 35, and the shaft portion 32b2 of the pin 32b is guided. The collet guide 32 is positioned at the restraining position P1 by contacting the lower end of the inner wall of the groove 31a.

  When the collet 25 is pulled up by the hydraulic cylinder 26 and is in the first position I, the rear projecting portion 25b2 of the tip end portion 25b of the collet is in contact with the standing surface 32a2 of the collet guide body 32a. Remains in the first position I while resisting the biasing force received from the ring-shaped tension spring 34. That is, the collet 25 is in a state in which movement to the open position OP (that is, rotation in the direction of arrow A shown in FIG. 5) is restricted so as to release the attachment main body 53 by the collet guide 32. Thus, when the collet 25 is in the first position I, the claw portion 25b1 of the collet 25 abuts on the stepped portion 55 of the attachment main body 53 to hold (clamp) the attachment main body 53 on the lower end of the quill 3. . Thus, in a state where the attachment main body 53 is held at the lower end of the quill 3, the carbile gear 61 on the quill 3 side and the carbic gear 54 on the attachment main body 53 side are engaged with each other.

  Further, when the indexing turning of the attachment 50 is performed at a position other than the attachment attaching / detaching position, the collet 25 is moved from the first position I (see FIG. 3) to the second position (see FIG. 6) by the hydraulic cylinder 26. The holding of the stepped portion 55 of the attachment main body 53 by the 25 claw portions 25b1 is released. Thereby, the connection between the attachment main body 53 and the quill 3 is released, the attachment main body 53 is lowered by 5 mm by its own weight, and at the same time, the clutch pin 51c of the adapter 51 enters the insertion hole 57 of the attachment main body 53. Then, the meshing between the carbide gears 54 and 61 is also released, and only the connection between the adapter 51 of the attachment 50 and the main shaft 2 is maintained. At this time, since the rear projecting portion 25b2 of the collet 25 is in contact with the standing face 32a2 of the collet guide main body 32a, the collet 25 moves to the open position OP where the attachment main body 53 is released by the ring-shaped tension spring 34. Even if the biasing force is applied to (see FIG. 5), the movement to the open position OP is restricted by the collet guide main body 32a. As a result, the claw portion 25b1 of the collet 25 maintains a position below the stepped portion 55, which is a held portion of the attachment main body 53, with a slight gap from the stepped portion 55. As a result, even when the attachment 51 is turned, even when the adapter 51 of the attachment 50 is disconnected from the main shaft 2 due to the pull stud 52 being broken or the like, the attachment main body 53 falls by the gap between the claw portion 25b1. It is possible to prevent the attachment 50 from dropping from the quill 3 onto the table. As a result, the collet guide 32 allows the attachment main body 53 to be separated from the quill 3 within the range of the turnable range B in which the attachment main body 53 can turn around the central axis C of the main shaft 2 with respect to the quill 3. Even if an unexpected accident such as breakage of the pull stud occurs, the attachment 50 can be prevented from falling.

(Feature)
(1)
In the machine tool 1 of the present embodiment, the main shaft 2 moves to a predetermined mounting position on which the replacement attachment 50 is mounted, and the main shaft 2 moves to an attachment attachment / detachment position where the replacement attachment 50 can be attached / detached. When the main shaft 2 is located at a position other than the attachment attachment / detachment position, the attachment main body 53 can be released and swiveled so that the attachment 50 does not fall during the index turning. The release of the attachment main body 53 by the attachment clamp mechanism 5 is restricted so that the collet 25 is positioned within a certain range, while the restriction on the release of the attachment main body 53 is released at the attachment attachment / detachment position. Thereby, the fall prevention of the attachment 50 at the time of index turning and the smooth replacement | exchange of the attachment 50 are aimed at.

  That is, in the above configuration, the collet 25 that holds the attachment main body 53 is held by the hydraulic cylinder 26 so that the attachment main body 53 is fixed to the quill 3 in the closed state, and the first position I To the second position II spaced apart in the direction in which the central axis C of the main shaft 2 extends. The collet 25 is openable and closable. In the second position II, the collet 25 is in an open position OP (see FIG. 5) that is open to release the attachment main body 53 away from the attachment main body 53, and in a state separated from the attachment main body 53. The attachment main body 53 can be moved between a closed position SH (see FIG. 6) closed so as not to be released. Moreover, the collet 25 is urged in the opening direction by the ring-shaped tension spring 34 so as to release the holding of the attachment body 53. Further, the release restricting mechanism 6 has a collet that can move between a restraint position P1 that abuts on the collet 25 when the collet 25 is in the second position II and restrains the collet 25 to the closed position SH, and a restraint release position P2 that releases the restraint. A guide 32 is provided. When the collet guide 32 is in the restraint release position P2, the collet 25 can move to the open position OP so as to release the holding of the attachment main body 53 by the urging force from the ring-shaped tension spring 34. .

  Therefore, in the attachment attachment / detachment position, the collet guide 32 is moved from the restraint position P1 to the restraint release position P2 by the push-up operation from the contact member 100, so that the collet guide 32 is moved relative to the collet 25. The restriction of the attachment main body 53 to the closed position SH is released. When the collet 25 is moved from the first position I holding the attachment body 53 to the second position II by the hydraulic cylinder 26 at the attachment attachment / detachment position, the collet 25 is moved by the biasing force of the ring-shaped tension spring 34. Thus, the holding of the attachment body 53 by the collet 25 can be released by moving to the open position OP where the holding of the attachment body 53 is released. Accordingly, the attachment 50 can be placed at the placement position, or the replacement attachment 50 placed at the placement position can be attached to the spindle 2. In this state, the collet 25 is moved to the open position OP where the attachment main body 53 can be released by the urging force of the ring-shaped tension spring 34, so the collet 25 does not contact the attachment main body 53. . As a result, the attachment 50 can be exchanged smoothly without the interference of the attachment 50 with the collet 25 at the attachment attachment / detachment position.

  On the other hand, when the main shaft 2 is at a position other than the attachment attaching / detaching position, the collet guide 32 is positioned at the restraining position P1 by the urging force from the spring 35 without the contact member 100 being operated to the collet guide 32. . When the collet 25 is moved from the first position I to the second position II by the hydraulic cylinder 26 at a position other than the attachment attachment / detachment position, the collet guide 32 comes into contact with the collet 25 and the ring-shaped tension spring 34. The collet 25 is restrained to the closed position SH so as not to release the holding of the attachment body 53 while resisting the urging force. Accordingly, the attachment main body 53 can be separated from the quill 3 within the range of the swivelable range B in which the attachment main body 53 can turn around the central axis of the main shaft 2 with respect to the quill 3, while the attachment main body 53 is quilled. The release of the attachment main body 53 by the collet 25 is regulated so that the collet 25 holds it when leaving the turnable range B from 3. Therefore, when the attachment 50 is indexed, the collet guide 32 restricts the release of the attachment body 53 by the collet 25 to such an extent that it can be indexed, so that the indexing can be performed. Moreover, even when the adapter 51 of the attachment 50 is removed by the adapter holding mechanism because the pull stud 52 at the tip of the adapter 51 is broken during the index turning, it is held by the collet 25 in the closed position SH. It is possible to prevent the attachment 50 from falling during the index turning.

(2)
In the machine tool 1 of the present embodiment, the contact member 100 arranged at a predetermined placement position on which the replacement attachment is placed contacts the collet guide 32 when the spindle 2 moves to the attachment attachment / detachment position, As a result, the collet guide 32 can be moved from the restraint position P1 to the restraint release position P2 against the urging force of the spring 35. Therefore, the collet guide 32 is moved from the restraint position P1 to the restraint release position P2. There is no need to provide a drive mechanism on the quill 3. As a result, it is possible to simplify and miniaturize the structure of the portion installed on the quill 3 in the release restriction mechanism 6.

(3)
In the machine tool 1 of the present embodiment, the pin 32b of the collet guide 32 protrudes outward from the outer peripheral surface of the quill 3. Therefore, when the contact member 100 contacts the pin 32b and operates the pin 32b, The possibility that 3 interferes with the contact member 100 is reduced. Accordingly, the pin 32b can reliably receive an operating force for moving the collet guide main body 32a from the contact member 100 from the restraint position P1 to the restraint release position P2. As a result, the collet guide 32 can be smoothly operated by the contact member 100.

(4)
In the machine tool 1 of the present embodiment, the guide groove 31a of the casing 31 that guides the pin 32b has a width that can prevent the pin 32b from rotating around the main shaft 2 in the collet guide body 32a, and the collet guide body. It has a length L that can secure the amount of movement between the constraint position P1 and the constraint release position P2 of 32a. Therefore, it is possible to secure the amount of movement between the restraint position P1 and the restraint release position P2 in the collet guide body 32a while preventing the collet guide body 32a from rotating, and the collet guide body 32a can be smoothly moved. become.

(Modification)
(A)
In the above embodiment, an example is shown in which the contact member 100 for pushing up the pin 32b of the collet guide 32 is arranged at a predetermined placement position such as a cradle on which the attachment 50 is placed. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and at a predetermined placement position, a restraint release position for releasing the restriction from the restraint position P1 for restricting the release of the attachment main body 53 by the collet 25 of the attachment clamp mechanism 5. Various mechanisms can be employed as long as the operation unit can perform an operation of moving the collet guide 32 to P2.

  For example, as a modification of the present invention, the collet guide 32 is automatically moved from the restraint position P1 to the restraint release position P2 when the spindle 2 moves to an attachment attach / detach position that can be attached to and detached from the attachment placed at a predetermined placement position. A release restricting mechanism including an operation unit having a driving means such as a hydraulic cylinder to be moved to a position and a biasing member that biases the collet guide 32 in a direction from the restraint release position P2 toward the restraint position P1 is adopted. May be. In order to detect that the main shaft 2 has arrived at a predetermined attachment attachment / detachment position, the operation unit performs detection using, for example, a detection unit such as a proximity sensor provided in the vicinity of the attachment attachment / detachment position.

  In the above configuration, the attachment clamp mechanism 5 is automatically moved from the restraint position P1 to the restraint release position P2 by the drive means when the attachment clamp mechanism 5 arrives at a predetermined attachment attachment / detachment position, thereby attaching the attachment clamp mechanism. 5, the attachment 50 can be replaced by releasing the holding of the attachment body 53, while the collet guide 32 can be positioned at the restraining position P <b> 1 by the urging member at a position other than the attachment attaching / detaching position. Become. As a result, even when the driving means does not operate due to a power failure or the like, the collet guide 32 can be maintained at the restraining position P1 by the biasing means, and the attachment clamp mechanism 5 can regulate the release of the attachment main body 53. become.

  Further, when the driving means for automatically moving the collet guide 32 from the restraint position P1 to the restraint release position P2 as described above is used, for example, a command is sent to the control unit of the machine tool 1 at a position other than the predetermined attachment attachment / detachment position. The collet guide 32 can be moved from the restraint position P1 to the restraint release position P2 by operating the driving means. As a result, it is possible to replace the attachment 50 by releasing the holding of the attachment main body 53 by the attachment clamp mechanism 5 at a position other than the predetermined attachment attachment / detachment position.

(B)
Moreover, in the said embodiment, it moves to an up-down direction as a release regulation mechanism which can switch the regulation state which regulates the releasing of the attachment main body 53 by the attachment holding mechanism (attachment clamp mechanism 5), and the regulation release state which cancels | releases the said regulation. Although the release restricting mechanism 6 including the collet guide 32 has been described as an example, the present invention is not limited to this. In the present invention, a release restricting mechanism having various configurations may be adopted as long as the mechanism is capable of restricting the attachment holding mechanism in the closed position by restricting the holding portion of the attachment holding mechanism to the closed position. Good.

  For example, as another modification of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 8, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 8, a release restricting mechanism including a collet guide 71 that can horizontally swivel around the collet 25 and the carbide gears 54 and 61 is employed. At the attachment / detachment position, the collet guide 71 is turned horizontally by a predetermined angle θ, so that the restraint position for restraining the collet 25 of the adapter clamp mechanism 5 to the closed position and the restraint release position for releasing the restraint can be switched. Such a configuration may be adopted.

  The release restriction mechanism shown in FIGS. 7 to 8 includes a casing 31, a collet guide 71, a spring (not shown) for urging the collet guide main body 71a from the restriction release position toward the restriction position, and the collet guide 71. And a contact member (not shown) for applying an operating force in a direction from the restraint position toward the restraint release position.

  The casing 31 is made of a cylindrical member and has a space portion 72 extending in the circumferential direction for accommodating the collet guide main body 71a. The casing 31 has a guide groove 73 extending in the horizontal direction (the direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 7). The guide groove 73 has a length that allows the collet guide main body 71a to turn between a restraint position and a restraint release position.

  The collet guide 71 includes a cylindrical collet guide main body 71a and a pin 71b connected to the outer peripheral surface of the collet guide main body 71a. The pin 71 b is inserted into the guide groove 73 of the casing 31. The head of the pin 71b protrudes outside the casing 31. The collet guide main body 71 a is arranged so as to be able to turn in the horizontal direction inside the space 72 of the casing 31. Since the pin 71b connected to the outer peripheral surface of the collet guide main body 71a is inserted into the guide groove 73 of the casing 31, the range in which the collet guide main body 71a can turn in the horizontal direction is within the range of the length of the guide groove 73. It is regulated. Therefore, the collet guide main body 71a can be turned between the restraint position and the restraint release position.

  At the bottom of the collet guide body 71a, a plurality of downwardly projecting teeth 71a1 are arranged in the circumferential direction (that is, the circumferential direction with respect to the central axis of the cylindrical collet guide body 71a) across the gap 71a2. Has been placed.

  When the collet guide main body 71a is in the restraining position, the teeth 71a1 abut against the rearward projecting portion 25b1 of the tip 25b of the collet 25 as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. Restrain to. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, even when the collet 25 is lowered and shifted to a state in which the attachment can be indexed and swiveled, the collet 25 is restrained in the closed position by the teeth 71a1 of the collet guide body 71a. The claw portion 25b1 of the collet 25 is located below the step portion 55 of the attachment main body 53. Therefore, when the attachment is indexed, the claw portion 25b1 of the collet 25 can receive the attachment main body 53 even if the clamp of the adapter is removed, so that the attachment can be prevented from dropping.

  On the other hand, when the collet guide body 71a1 is in the restraint release position, as shown in FIG. 8 (b), the restraint is released by the rear overhanging portion 25b entering the gap 71a2 of the teeth 71a1, and the collet is released. 25 can move to the open position to release the attachment main body 53.

  A spring (not shown) that biases the collet guide body 71a from the restraint release position toward the restraint position is provided in the casing 31 or the like. Thereby, the collet guide main body 71a is maintained in the restrained position at a position other than the predetermined attachment attachment / detachment position.

  An abutting member (not shown) that applies the operating force to the collet guide 71 in the direction from the restraint position toward the restraint release position is disposed at the placement position where the attachment 50 is placed or at a position in the vicinity thereof. The abutting member moves the collet guide 71 horizontally from the restraint position to the restraint release position by pressing the pin 71b in the horizontal direction when the main shaft 2 moves to the mounting position and comes to the attachment attach / detach position for attaching / detaching the attachment. Turn.

  In the above configuration, the collet guide 71 is maintained in the restrained position by the spring when the main shaft 2 is in a position other than the attachment attaching / detaching position. In this restrained position, as shown in FIG. 8A, the rear projecting portion 25 b 2 of the tip portion 25 b of the collet 25 is in contact with the teeth 71 a 1 of the collet guide 71. Thereby, the collet 25 is restrained by the collet guide 71 to the closed position, and the operation | movement which releases the attachment main body 53 is controlled. On the other hand, at the attachment attachment / detachment position, the collet guide 71 is moved from the restraint position to the restraint release position by being horizontally turned by a predetermined angle by the contact member disposed at the attachment placement position. In this restraint release position, as shown in FIG. 8B, the rearward projecting portion 25 b 2 of the tip end portion 25 b of the collet 25 enters the gap 71 a 2 of the teeth 71 a 1 of the collet guide 71. As a result, the collet 25 is released from the closed position and moved to the open position by the urging force of the ring-shaped tension spring 34, so that the restriction on the release of the attachment body 53 is released. Exchange is possible.

(C)
As still another modification of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, when a release restricting mechanism having an egg-shaped eccentric cam 91 is employed and the main shaft 2 moves to the attachment attachment / detachment position, the eccentricity is concerned. By rotating the cam 91, the configuration may be such that the collet 25 is constrained to the closed position and the restraint position for restricting the release of the attachment main body 53 and the restraint release position for releasing the restraint can be switched. 9 to 11 includes a casing 31, an eccentric cam 91, a rotating shaft 92, and a rotary spring (not shown) that biases the eccentric cam 91 from the restraint release position toward the restraint position. And a rotational drive device (not shown) that applies an operating force to the eccentric cam 91 in a direction from the restraint position toward the restraint release position.

  The casing 31 is made of a cylindrical member. The inner surface of the casing 31 abuts the collet 25 together with the eccentric cam 91 when the collet 25 moves up and down, and between the first position where the collet 25 holds the attachment main body 53 and the second position where the holding is released. I will guide you.

  The eccentric cam 91 is an egg-shaped cam. It is rotatably supported by the casing 31 via a rotating shaft 92 extending in the horizontal direction. The eccentric cam 91 has a long-diameter portion 91a having a sharp point, and a short-diameter portion 91b having a rounded tip located on the opposite side of the rotation shaft 92 with respect to the long-diameter portion 91a. The radius of the long diameter portion 91a of the eccentric cam 91 is longer than the radius of the short diameter portion 91b. The eccentric cam 91 abuts on the rear projecting portion 25b2 of the collet 25 and guides the collet 25 between a first position where the attachment main body 53 is held and a second position where the holding is released. The eccentric cam 91 corresponds to the restraining member of the present invention.

  The eccentric cam 91 should just be arrange | positioned in the position which can control the opening / closing of some (for example, two) among the several collets 25. FIG.

  When the eccentric cam 91 is in the restraining position, the eccentric cam 91 is positioned so that the long diameter portion 91a of the eccentric cam 91 faces the inside of the casing 31, as shown in FIGS. At this time, the long diameter portion 91a of the eccentric cam 91 abuts on the rear projecting portion 25b2 of the tip portion 25b of the collet 25, so that the collet 25 is constrained to the closed position and the release of the attachment main body 53 can be restricted. . Also, as shown in FIG. 10, even when the collet 25 is lowered by operating the hydraulic cylinder 26 to shift to the state where the attachment can be indexed and swiveled, the collet 25 is closed by the long diameter portion 91a of the eccentric cam 91. Since it is restrained by the position, the claw portion 25 b 1 of the collet 25 is located below the step portion 55 of the attachment main body 53. Therefore, even when the connection between the main shaft 2 and the adapter 51 is removed during indexing turning of the attachment, the claw portion 25b1 of the collet 25 can receive the attachment main body 53, so that the attachment can be prevented from falling.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 11, when the eccentric cam 91 rotates and moves to the restraint release position, the long diameter portion 91 a of the eccentric cam 91 faces the outside of the casing 31, and the short diameter portion 91 b faces the inside of the casing 31. . At this time, since the short-diameter portion 91b of the eccentric cam 91 faces the rear projecting portion 25b2 of the collet 25, the collet is equal to the difference between the radius of the long-diameter portion 91a and the radius of the short-diameter portion 91b of the eccentric cam 91. 25 rotates around the engaging portion 25 a 1 by the urging force of the ring-shaped tension spring 34, and the rear projecting portion 25 b 2 approaches the rotating shaft 92. As a result, the collet 25 is released from the closed position and can move to the open position. As a result, the attachment body 53 becomes releasable.

  A rotation spring (not shown) that biases the eccentric cam 91 from the restraint release position toward the restraint position is provided in the casing 31 or the like. Thereby, when the main shaft 2 is at a position other than the attachment attaching / detaching position, the eccentric cam 91 is maintained at the restraining position.

  A rotation drive device (not shown) that applies an operating force to the eccentric cam 91 in a direction from the restraint position toward the restraint release position is disposed in the vicinity of a predetermined placement position such as a cradle on which the attachment 50 is placed. . The rotation drive device rotates the eccentric cam 91 from the restraint position to the restraint release position by rotating the eccentric cam 91 around the central axis of the eccentric cam 91 when the eccentric cam 91 comes to the attachment attachment / detachment position. .

  In the above configuration, the eccentric cam 91 is maintained at the restrained position by the spring when the main shaft 2 is at a position other than the attachment attaching / detaching position. In this restrained position, as shown in FIGS. 9 to 10, the rear projecting portion 25 b 2 of the collet 25 is in contact with a portion of the eccentric cam 91 where the notch 82 a is not provided. Thereby, the collet 25 is restrained to the closed position by the eccentric cam 91, and the release of the attachment main body 53 is restricted. On the other hand, when the main shaft 2 moves to the attachment attachment / detachment position, the eccentric cam 91 is moved from the restriction position to the restriction release position by being rotated by a predetermined angle by the rotation drive device. In this restraint release position, as shown in FIG. 11, the short diameter portion 91b of the eccentric cam 91 faces the rear projecting portion 25b2 of the collet 25, and the radius of the long diameter portion 91a of the eccentric cam 91 and the short diameter portion 91b The collet 25 turns around the engaging portion 25a1 by the biasing force of the ring-shaped tension spring 34 by the difference in radius, and the rear projecting portion 25b2 of the collet 25 approaches the rotating shaft 92. As a result, the collet 25 is released from the closed position by the eccentric cam 91 and moved to the open position, whereby the attachment main body 53 is released and the attachment 50 can be replaced.

1 Machine tool 2 Spindle 3 Quill (storage member)
4 Adapter clamp mechanism (adapter holding mechanism)
5 Attachment clamp mechanism (attachment holding mechanism)
6 Release restriction mechanism 25 Collet (holding part)
26 Hydraulic cylinder (holding part moving part)
31 Casing (operated part guide)
31a Guide groove 32 Collet guide (restraint member)
32a Collet guide body (restraint member body)
32b pin (operated part)
34 Ring-shaped tension spring (holding member biasing member)
35 Spring (restraint member biasing member)
50 Attachment 51 Adapter 53 Attachment body 100 Abutting member C Center axis

Claims (4)

A spindle having an adapter mounting portion having a shape to which the adapter of the attachment can be mounted;
A storage member for storing the main shaft;
An adapter holding mechanism provided on the main shaft and capable of switching between a holding state for fixing the adapter to the adapter mounting portion and a holding release state for releasing the holding;
An attachment holding mechanism provided on the storage member and capable of switching between a holding state for fixing the attachment main body to the storage member and a release state for releasing the attachment main body;
A regulation state that regulates release of the attachment main body by the attachment holding mechanism and a regulation release state that can be switched to a regulation release state that releases the regulation; and
The attachment holding mechanism is
A first position for holding the attachment main body so as to be fixed to the storage member in a closed state; and a second position spaced apart from the first position along the axial direction of the main shaft. A holding part movable between positions;
A holding portion biasing member that biases the holding portion in the opening direction so that the holding portion releases the holding of the attachment body;
A holding unit moving unit that moves the holding unit between the first position and the second position;
In the second position, the holding portion is opened to release the attachment main body away from the attachment main body, and does not release the attachment main body in a state separated from the attachment main body. Between the closed position and the closed position,
The release restriction mechanism is
When the holding portion is in the second position, the holding portion is brought into contact with the holding portion so as not to release the holding of the attachment body, and the holding position of the attachment body is released. A restraining member provided in the housing member so as to be able to move between a restraint releasing position that releases the restraint and allows movement to the open position,
A restraining member biasing member that biases the restraining member from the restraint release position toward the restraining position;
The restraint member is attached so that the restraint member moves from the restraint position to the restraint release position when the spindle moves to a detachable position that can be attached to and detached from the replacement attachment placed at a predetermined placement position. An operating portion for operating the restraining member against the biasing force of the biasing member;
With
When the main shaft moves to the attachment / detachment position, the restraining member is moved from the restraining position to the restraint releasing position by an operation from the operation part, thereby restraining the holding part to the closed position. When the holding part is moved from the first position to the second position by the holding part moving part at the attaching / detaching position, the holding part is moved by the urging force of the holding part urging member. Moving to the open position for releasing the holding of the attachment main body to release the holding of the attachment main body by the holding portion, thereby placing the attachment at the mounting position or the mounting position. It is possible to attach the replacement attachment placed at the placement position to the spindle,
When the main shaft is at a position other than the attaching / detaching position, the restricting member is positioned at the restricting position by an urging force from the restricting member urging member in a state in which the restricting member is not operated by the operating portion, and the attaching / detaching position is When the holding part is moved from the first position to the second position by the holding part moving part at a position other than the position, the restraining member comes into contact with the holding part and the holding part biasing member The holding portion is restrained to the closed position so as not to release the holding of the attachment body while resisting an urging force, and thereby the attachment body turns around the central axis of the main shaft with respect to the storage member. The attachment main body can be separated from the storage member within a predetermined distance range, while the attachment main body is attached to the storage member. To be held by the holding part when leaving the predetermined distance and,
A machine tool characterized by that. The operation unit is disposed in the vicinity of the mounting position, and abuts against the urging force of the restraining member urging member by abutting against the restraining member when the main shaft moves to the attach / detach position. A contact member that performs an operation of moving from the restraint position to the restraint release position;
The machine tool according to claim 1. The restraining member is
A restraint member main body movable between the restraint position and the restraint release position;
An operating force that is connected to the restraining member main body and has a shape capable of coming into contact with the abutting member, and moves the restraining member main body from the restraining position to the restraint releasing position when coming into contact with the abutting member. And an operated part that receives from the contact member,
The operated portion protrudes outward from the outer peripheral surface of the storage member.
The machine tool according to claim 2. An operated portion guide portion for guiding the operated portion so that the restraining member main body can move between the restraining position and the restraining release position;
The operated portion guide portion has a guide groove for guiding the operated portion,
The guide groove is formed in a direction in which the central axis of the main shaft extends,
The operated portion protrudes outside the outer peripheral surface of the storage member through the guide groove,
The guide groove has a width capable of preventing the operated portion from rotating around the central axis of the main shaft of the restraining member body, and the restraining position and the restraining release position of the restraining member body. Having a length capable of securing a movement amount between
The machine tool according to claim 3.

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