JP5872272B2 - Retaining wall formation - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a retaining wall formation, and more particularly to a retaining wall formation that forms a retaining wall inside a tunnel.

For some time, retaining wall formations that form retaining walls inside tunnels have been used (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
Patent Document 1 states that “the passage in the tunnel is constructed using an approximately L-shaped block, but the gap between the side groove provided at the end of the roadway and the side wall of the tunnel is narrow, and the basis of the approximately L-shaped block is disclosed. Therefore, the installation work in the narrow region of the side groove and the tunnel side wall is not easy, and the problem to be solved by the present invention is this problem. The present invention was made for the purpose of “providing a wall surface plate for constructing a tunnel passage that can be installed relatively easily” (paragraph number 0006 of Patent Document 1). In the wall plate for constructing the audit passage provided between the side groove and the tunnel side wall, the wall plate is substantially rectangular, and a leg portion is provided on the back side at a part of the lower end, and the wall plate Form a notch on one side of the An extended portion that is large enough to engage with the notch protrudes on the side, and a plurality of reinforcing bars are embedded in the vertical direction on the wall plate, and its lower end is bent horizontally to protrude from the back surface. In addition, a through hole that communicates to the lower end of the wall plate is provided at the notch, and a nut is embedded in the lower end of the through hole, and a long bolt can be screwed to project from the lower end. A wall plate for constructing a tunnel passage, characterized in that a through hole is also provided at the end of the leg, a nut is embedded, and a long bolt is screwed into the nut so that it can protrude from the lower surface ”(Patent Document 1 claim) Item 1) is disclosed, and as a result, “the wall plate for constructing a tunnel passage according to the present invention has a leg portion for preventing overturning at the lower end thereof, so that it falls on the foundation concrete surface. And the leg wall Because the projection length from the side is short, the wall plate can be placed even if the width between the side groove provided at the end of the roadway and the side wall of the tunnel is narrow. By extending concrete, the reinforcing bars are embedded together with the legs, and the overhanging reinforcing bars are vertically embedded in the wall plate and bent horizontally at the lower end to extend horizontally. It is integrated with the cast concrete, and the upper end on one side of the wall plate is notched to form a notch, and the extension provided on the upper end on the other side of the wall plate adjacent to this notch As a result, the notch is provided with a through hole that communicates with the lower end, and the nut embedded in the lower end of the through hole is provided in the notch. The long bolt is screwed and attached, so that the upper end of the long bolt If it rotates, the projection length from the lower end of the wall plate of the long bolt changes, and the height of the wall plate can be adjusted. Similarly, by attaching a long bolt to the leg portion by screwing, the wall surface plate can stand up without falling down to a predetermined height. (Paragraph numbers 0009 to 0010 of Patent Document 1).

In addition, the applicant stated, “Without the need to enlarge the tunnel cross section, drainage from the road surface and spring water from the tunnel side wall can be accurately removed, and construction costs can be reduced. It is another object of the present invention to provide a retaining wall constituting member for a monitoring passage in a tunnel that can reduce the number of processes on site and can greatly shorten the construction period. (Paragraph number 0005 of Patent Document 2) “The retaining wall 10 installed along the tunnel side wall 12 rises higher than the road surface 15 and the standing wall toward the tunnel side wall 12. In order to guide the drainage from the road surface 15 to the water channel 14 by forming the water channel 14 through the bottom wall portion 13 in the length direction. Road drainage hole 1 Is opened to the upper front side of the bottom wall portion 13, and a spring water introduction hole 17 for guiding spring water from the tunnel side wall 12 to the water channel 14 is opened to the upper surface side of the bottom wall portion 13. A patent application has been filed for a retaining wall constituting member of a tunnel supervisor passage formed by precast molding the standing wall portion 11 and the bottom wall portion 13 at a factory (Claim 2 of Patent Document 2) (Patent Document 2) 2).
Furthermore, the applicant stated, “It is possible to significantly reduce the construction period by reducing the number of on-site processes as much as possible, and it is possible to reduce the construction cost, and to stably support and embed piping and cable equipment. "Providing a retaining wall structure for an in-tunnel observer passage capable of creating a rigid observer passage integrally connected to a portion" (problem of the summary of Patent Document 3) The retaining wall member 2 is composed of a standing wall portion 3 that rises higher than the road 5 and a bottom wall portion 4 that projects from the lower front surface of the standing wall portion 3 toward the road 5. 6 is formed through the length direction, a water guide groove 7 for guiding road drainage to the water channel 6 is opened on the upper surface of the bottom wall portion 4, and a plurality of insert fittings 8 are provided on the upper rear surface of the bottom wall portion 4. The retaining wall member 2 is buried at predetermined intervals in the length direction, and the tunnel bottom A plurality of retaining wall members 2 are sequentially installed and connected to the foundation concrete 9 formed in the above, and the space between the tunnel side wall 1 and the bottom wall portion 4 is backfilled with a roadbed material 10 to a predetermined height. A plurality of anchor bars 11 are attached to the tunnel side wall 1, and each anchor bar 11 is connected by a plurality of distribution bars 12 arranged in the length direction of the retaining wall member 2. 12 to place the back concrete 13 between the bottom wall 4 and the tunnel side wall 1 so as to wrap the 12 rebar assemblies, and to install the piping 14 and the cable equipment 15 on the back concrete 13, The space between the tunnel side walls 1 is backfilled with the back sand 16 to a predetermined height, and the top concrete 17 is placed on the top surface of the back sand 16 so that the supervisor passage 18 is formed on the top surface of the top concrete 17. Retaining wall structure tunnel wardens passage to. "Forms a utility model application also (claims 1 literature 3) (Patent Document 3).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2010-7424 (for example, abstract, claim 1, paragraph numbers 0001 to 0010 in the detailed description of the invention, FIGS. 3 and 6, etc.) JP 2002-327600 A Registered Utility Model No. 3092202

The wall plate for tunnel passage construction (corresponding to the retaining wall forming material referred to in the present invention) of Patent Document 1 has a leg portion and a reinforcing bar protruding from its lower end at its lower end, as shown above, and casts concrete. Thus, the reinforcing bars are buried together with the legs, and the retaining wall is formed by fixing the wall plate for retaining the tunnel passage (retaining wall formation).
The concrete for fixing the retaining wall formation (the wall plate for tunnel passage construction in Patent Document 1) has a rear surface (the rear surface in the present invention) of the retaining wall formation and the inside of the tunnel from the viewpoint of improving workability. It is placed only between the side surfaces and is not placed on the front surface (the surface referred to in the present invention) side of the retaining wall formation. For this reason, there is a problem that there is not enough concrete on the front surface (surface in the present invention) side of the retaining wall formation, the retaining wall formation has insufficient fixing strength, or a gap is formed on the surface side of the retaining wall formation. there were.
Therefore, in the present invention, even if concrete is placed only on one side of the rear surface side and the front surface side of the retaining wall formation, the concrete is also present on the other side of the rear surface side and the front surface side of the retaining wall formation material. It aims at providing the retaining wall formation which can be performed.

  The retaining wall formed product of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the formed product”) is installed so that the wall portion having both the front and back main surfaces rises from the installation surface, and then uncured concrete is installed on the installation surface. The lower wall portion is covered with uncured concrete and the concrete is hardened so that the hardened concrete abuts and is fixed to the front and back surfaces of the lower portion to form a retaining wall inside the tunnel. A bottom wall or a bottom wall of the wall, the lower edge or lower surface of the wall facing a reference plane that is a virtual plane along a direction in which the wall is continuous A retaining wall forming article, comprising: an adjacent portion that forms a gap; and a separation portion that is formed so as to be notched upward so that the adjacent portion exists on one side or both sides.

This formation comprises a wall.
The wall portion has both main surfaces of the front surface and the back surface, and the back surface is arranged on the inner side surface side of the tunnel (the surface opposite to the back surface usually faces the tunnel center side). After the wall is installed so that it rises from the installation surface (usually the upper surface of the leveled concrete) where the formation is installed, uncured concrete (similar to the wall plate for tunnel passage construction in Patent Document 1) By placing the wall, the lower part of the wall part is covered with uncured concrete and the concrete is hardened, so that this formation (wall part) is fixed to the installation surface and a retaining wall is formed by the wall part inside the tunnel. Is done. The lower edge or lower surface of the wall portion is in the direction in which the wall portion continues (the direction in which the retaining wall continues, the longitudinal direction of the orthographic projection onto the installation surface of the wall portion, usually along the direction of passage of the tunnel). Along the reference plane (which is an imaginary plane, usually a plane that is coincident with or parallel to the installation plane), the adjacent portion forming the lowest end of the wall, and the adjacent portion is present on one side or both sides (I.e., a distance between the installation surface and the adjacent portion is smaller than a distance between the installation surface and the separation portion).
According to such a formed product, after placing the formed product on the installation surface so that the back surface of the wall portion faces the inner surface of the tunnel, the uncured concrete is placed on one side of the back surface side and the front surface side. The uncured concrete that has been cast smoothly flows from the one side to the other side between the separating portion and the installation surface, so that the lower portion of the wall portion is covered with uncured concrete from both the back side and the front side. be able to. The uncured concrete covering the lower part of the wall from both the back side and the front side is hardened, and the surface and the back of the lower part of the wall are brought into contact (including bonding) with the hardened concrete. The formed product can be securely and firmly fixed to the installation surface (the retaining wall is formed by the fixed wall portion of the formed product). That is, even if concrete is placed only on one side of the back side and the front side of the formed product, the concrete can sufficiently exist on the other side of the back side and the front side of the formed product.

In the present formed product, the separation portion may include a cove-like separation portion formed so that the adjacent portions exist on both sides.
The separation part is formed so as to be cut out upward so that the adjacent part exists on one side or both sides, but the cove-like separation part formed so as to be cut out upward so that the adjacent part exists on both sides May be included. By including the cove-shaped separation part formed so that the adjacent part exists on both sides in this way, the separation part in which the uncured concrete that has been placed easily flows from one side to the other side is between the adjacent parts. Therefore, the uncured concrete can smoothly flow between adjacent portions to the other side, and the lower portion of the wall portion can be well covered with the uncured concrete along the direction in which the wall portion continues.

In the present formed product, the separation portion may include an end separation portion formed so that the adjacent portion exists only on one side.
The separation part is formed so as to be cut out upward so that the adjacent part exists on one side or both sides, but may include an end part separation part formed so that the adjacent part exists only on one side. Thus, by using the end separation portion formed so that the adjacent portion exists only on one side, a decrease in strength of the wall portion due to the provision of the separation portion can be reduced.

In the present product, there are two or more separation portions, and a first separation portion having a first height of a space formed between the separation portion and the reference surface, and a first separation portion larger than the first height. And a second separation portion having a height of 2 (hereinafter referred to as “different height separation portion main product”).
After placing this formation on the installation surface in this way, uncured concrete is placed on one side of the back side and the front side (a part of the placed uncured concrete is placed from one side to the other side. If the uncured concrete is cast to a position higher than the first height and lower than the second height, the first separation portion is sealed by the concrete between the back surface side and the front surface side of the wall portion. However, a communication space (a space formed between the upper surface of the concrete and the upper surface of the second separation portion and communicating the back side and the front side of the wall portion) is formed in the second separation portion. For this reason, the first separation portion is filled with concrete, so that the formed product (wall portion) is reliably fixed by the concrete, and the back surface side of the wall portion and the communication space formed at the upper portion of the second separation portion and Water existing on one side of the surface side (for example, rain water, ground water, etc.) can be drained to the other side (especially rain water, ground water, etc., which tends to collect on the back side of the wall can be drained to the surface side).
In addition, the height of the space formed between the separation portion and the reference surface refers to the minimum height from the reference surface of the separation portion from the front surface to the back surface of the wall portion (direction in which the wall portions are continuous). Out of the maximum height of the cross section of the space from the reference plane that appears in the cross section when the space formed between the separation portion and the reference plane is cut by a plane parallel to the reference plane and perpendicular to the reference plane, the plane is infinite The minimum height given for each of these planes is the height of the space here.)

In the case of the different height separation portion main product, the second separation portion may be formed as an end separation portion formed so that the adjacent portion exists only on one side.
The second separation part is formed so as to be cut out from below to the upper position (second height> first height) higher than the first separation part, so that the adjacent part exists on both sides. Rather than being formed as a cove-like separation part formed, the strength reduction of the wall part can be kept small when formed as an end separation part formed so that the adjacent part exists only on one side.

In this formation, the cross-sectional area of the space formed between at least one separation portion and the reference surface increases monotonically as it goes from one side of the back side and the front side to the other side on the inner side of the tunnel. You may do.
By doing so, the cross-sectional area of the space formed between the separation portion and the reference surface monotonously increases from one side of the back side and the front side of the wall portion to the other side. The uncured concrete that has been made can flow smoothly from the one side to the other side (since the cross-sectional area of the flow path through which the concrete flows from one side to the other increases monotonically, Occurrence can be prevented or reduced).

In this formation, even if it comprises a back side protruding member that protrudes from the back surface located on the inner surface side of the tunnel of the wall (hereinafter referred to as “the back side protruding member provided main formation”). Good.
After the wall is installed so that it rises from the installation surface, uncured concrete is placed on the installation surface, so that the lower part of the wall is covered with uncured concrete, and then the concrete hardens, The part is fixed and a retaining wall is formed. For this reason, the wall portion is supported in a state of rising from the installation surface until the concrete is hardened, and needs to be bonded to the hardened concrete with sufficient strength. In order to support the wall portion in a state where it rises from the installation surface in this way, or to connect the wall portion to the hardened concrete with sufficient strength, a back side protruding member that protrudes from the back surface of the wall portion is provided. May be.

In the case of the back side protruding member-equipped main product, the back side protruding member may include a leg portion that supports the wall portion.
In this way, until the concrete is cured, the legs are supported in a state where the wall is raised from the installation surface, so that special means for supporting the wall in a state where it rises from the installation surface (for example, a temporary support stand) Without the need for a support rope, a support jack, etc.), the wall portion can be reliably supported in a state where it rises from the installation surface, and the retaining wall can be formed well.

In the case of the back side protruding member-equipped main product, the back side protruding member may include a reinforcing bar that reinforces the concrete covering the lower portion of the wall portion.
By doing so, the reinforcing bars are embedded in the concrete covering the lower part of the wall, reinforcing the hardened concrete and bonding with high strength. As a result, the wall portion can be bonded to the cured concrete with sufficient strength.

In this formation, you may further provide the packing arrange | positioned along the up-down direction in the side end surface of a wall part.
In this way, when the formed products are arranged so that the side end surfaces of the walls (the surface along the vertical direction among the surfaces connecting the front surface and the back surface) face each other, The packing (for example, made of rubber or flexible plastic) disposed along the direction and the other side end surface itself or the packing disposed along the vertical direction contact each other, so It is possible to prevent or reduce breakage of the side end surfaces of the wall portions, and to improve the water tightness between the side end surfaces of the wall portions of the present formed products.

The present invention further provides a retaining wall manufacturing method (hereinafter referred to as “the present method”) for manufacturing a retaining wall inside a tunnel using the formed article.
This method is a retaining wall manufacturing method for manufacturing a retaining wall inside a tunnel using the formed article, wherein the retaining wall forming object (the book is formed on the installation surface so that the back surface of the wall portion faces the inner side surface of the tunnel. Between the separation step and the installation surface of the retaining wall formation (main formation) arranged in the arrangement step, the uncured concrete from one side of the back side and the front side to the other Placing uncured concrete on the one side of the installation surface so that it flows to the side, placing the lower portion of the wall with uncured concrete, and curing the concrete placed by the placing step And a hardening step in which the hardened concrete comes into contact with the front and back surfaces of the lower portion of the wall portion and the retaining wall formation (main formation) is fixed.

The method is a retaining wall manufacturing method for manufacturing a retaining wall inside a tunnel using the formed article, and includes an arranging step, a placing step, and a curing step.
In the arranging step, the main article is arranged on the installation surface so that the back surface of the wall portion of the main article faces the inner side surface of the tunnel.
In the placing step, uncured concrete is placed on one side of the rear surface side and the front surface side of the wall portion of the formed article arranged in the arranging step. As a result, the placed concrete flows from one side to the other side between the separation portion of the formed article and the installation surface. Thereby, the lower part of the wall part of this formation is covered with uncured concrete from both the back side and the front side.
In the curing step, the uncured concrete placed in the placing step is cured, so that the hardened concrete comes into contact (including adhesion) with the lower and front surfaces of the wall portion of the formed product, and the formed product is Fixed.
As described above, a retaining wall (a wall portion of the formed object is formed) is formed inside the tunnel using the formed object.

In this method, a communication space is formed between the at least one separation portion and the upper surface of the uncured concrete placed in the placing step so that the back surface side and the surface side of the wall portion communicate with each other. (Hereinafter referred to as “the communication space forming method”).
In this way, the wall is formed by a communication space formed between the upper surface of the uncured concrete placed in the placing step and at least one separation portion (the rear surface side and the front surface side of the wall portion communicate with each other). Water (for example, rainwater or groundwater) existing on one side of the back side and front side of the part can be drained to the other side (especially water such as rainwater or groundwater that tends to accumulate on the back side of the wall part on the front side) Can drain well).

In the case of this method for forming a communication space, a different height separation portion main formation is used, and the first separation portion is sealed with concrete between the back surface side and the front surface side of the wall portion, and the second separation portion is formed. A communication space may be formed.
If uncured concrete is cast to a position higher than the first height and lower than the second height in the placing step, the first separation portion is sealed by the concrete between the back surface side and the front surface side of the wall portion. However, a communication space (formed between the upper surface of the concrete and the upper surface of the second separation portion) is formed in the second separation portion. For this reason, the first separation portion is filled with concrete, so that the formed product (wall portion) is reliably fixed by the concrete, and the back surface side of the wall portion and the communication space formed at the upper portion of the second separation portion and Water existing on one side of the surface side (for example, rain water, ground water, etc.) can be drained to the other side (especially rain water, ground water, etc., which tends to collect on the back side of the wall can be drained to the surface side).

In addition, the present invention provides a retaining wall (hereinafter referred to as “main retaining wall”) manufactured by the present method.
The retaining wall is formed by placing uncured concrete on one side of the back side and the front side of the wall part of the formed article so that the placed uncured concrete is between the separation part and the installation surface. By smoothly flowing from one side to the other side, the lower portion of the wall portion can be covered with uncured concrete from both the back side and the front side. The uncured concrete that covers the lower part of the wall from both the back side and the front side hardens, so that the hardened concrete covers and abuts both the front and back surfaces of the wall (including adhesion). With this, the formed product can be securely and firmly fixed to form a rigid retaining wall. Moreover, the problem which produces a clearance gap in the other side of a retaining wall can be prevented or reduced by having hardened concrete cover both the surface of the lower part of a wall part, and a back surface.

It is a perspective view of this block (this formation) concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view which shows the place which looked at this block from the other direction. It is a rear view of this block. It is a right view of this block. It is a front view of this block. It is a top view of this block. It is detail drawing of a 1st notch. It is detail drawing of a 2nd notch. It is sectional drawing which shows the side road in the tunnel formed using this block. It is sectional drawing which shows the 1st step of the formation method of a side road. It is sectional drawing which shows the 2nd step of the formation method of a side road. It is sectional drawing which shows the 3rd step of the formation method of a side road. It is sectional drawing which shows the 4th step of the formation method of a side road. It is a partially expanded sectional view which shows the state by which the lower part of this block is covered with concrete. It is sectional drawing which shows the 5th step of the formation method of a side road. It is sectional drawing which shows another example of the 5th step of the formation method of a side road. It is a partially expanded front view which shows the state which has arrange | positioned a pair of this block so that end surfaces adjoin.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited by these.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the main block 11 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the main block 11 viewed from another direction (the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1). 3 is a rear view of the main block 11, FIG. 4 is a right side view of the main block 11 (shown from the direction of arrow C in FIG. 3), and FIG. 5 is a main block 11. FIG. 6 is a front view of the block 11 (shown from the direction of arrow D in FIG. 4), and FIG. 6 is a plan view of the main block 11 (shown from the direction of arrow E in FIGS. 1 to 5). Is).
The block 11 will be described with reference to FIGS.
The main block 11 is roughly a plate-shaped wall portion 21 and a pair of leg portions 41, 51 formed so as to protrude from the lower portion of the wall portion 21 to one side (the back surface 21c described later), And a reinforcing bar 61 formed so as to protrude from the lower portion of the wall portion 21 to the one side (the same direction as the pair of leg portions 41 and 51 protrudes).
For ease of explanation, three axes that are orthogonal to each other (x axis, y axis, and z axis) are considered, and the x axis, y axis, and z axis directions are denoted as x, y, and z in the drawing. Indicated. Also, a plane including the x-axis and the y-axis will be referred to as an xy plane, a plane including the y-axis and the z-axis will be referred to as a yz plane, and a plane including the z-axis and the x-axis will be described as a zx plane.

The wall portion 21 is disposed along the vertical direction (y-axis direction) on the wall portion main body 23 which is a plate-like member as a whole along the xy plane and the pair of end surfaces 22a and 22b of the wall portion main body 23. It has a pair of rod-shaped packings 21pa and 21pb.
The wall main body 23 includes a surface 21d along a plane substantially parallel to the xy plane, a back surface 21c provided with a recess 23c along the x-axis direction at the center with respect to the y-axis direction, and a plane substantially parallel to the yz plane. , A top surface 21a along a plane substantially parallel to the zx plane, and a bottom surface 21b along a plane substantially parallel to the zx plane. By providing the recess 23c, the wall portion main body 23 is formed with a thin portion 23t along the x-axis direction.

The rod-shaped packings 21pa and 21pb (formed of a rubber material or a flexible plastic material) are disposed (fixed) on the end surfaces 22a and 22b along the vertical direction (y-axis direction). In a state where the end surface 22a of one main block 11 and the end surface 22b of the other main block 11 face each other, the pair of rod-shaped packings 21pa and 21pb come into contact with each other to improve the water tightness between the end surfaces 22a and 22b. .
In addition, the back surface 21c (here, the recess 23c) is provided with connecting portions 24a, 24b, 24c, and 24d (both of which are recessed) so as to be continuous with the end surfaces 22a and 22b. When a pair of main blocks 11 are arranged so that they are adjacent to each other, a connecting member (not shown) is disposed so as to straddle the connecting portion 24c of one main block 11 and the connecting portion 24a of the other main block 11. By arranging a connecting member (not shown) so as to straddle the connecting portion 24d of one book block 11 and the connecting portion 24b of the other book block 11 (the bolts included in each of the connecting portions 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d) A pair of the main blocks 11 can be well connected to each other.

The wall main body 23 is formed with first cutouts 31a, 31b, 31c, and 31d from the lowermost surface 21b upward (in the positive direction of the y-axis).
The first cutouts 31a, 31b, 31c, and 31d all have the same shape, and are formed in a cove shape from the lowermost surface 21b so as to communicate the front surface 21d side and the back surface 21c side.
Fig.7 (a) is the partially expanded view which expanded the inside of the circle D in FIG. 5, FIG.7 (b) is FF sectional drawing of Fig.7 (a). In addition, in FIG. 7, although the 1st notch 31d is shown, the other 1st notches 31a, 31b, and 31c also have the same shape and dimension as the 1st notch 31d. Therefore, the first cutouts 31a, 31b, 31c, and 31d will be described with reference to FIG.
The first notch 31d has an isosceles trapezoidal shape on the surface 21d (the length of the longer bottom is x1, the length of the shorter bottom is x2, and the height is y1). And the shape of the back surface 21c is an isosceles trapezoid (the length of the longer bottom is x1 and the length of the shorter bottom is x3). The height is y2, with the longer bottom extending along the lowermost surface 21b) (where x2 <x3 <x1 and y2 <y1). The isosceles trapezoid S1 formed by the first notch 31d on the front surface 21d and the isosceles trapezoid S2 formed by the first notch 31d on the back surface 21c are substantially parallel to each other, and both ends of the longer bottom of the isosceles trapezoid S1. And lines U1 and U2 connecting the both ends of the longer bottom of the isosceles trapezoid S2 are substantially perpendicular to the surface 21d. For this reason, the cross-sectional area of the first cutout 31d and the first cutouts 31a, 31b, and 31c having the same shape and dimensions are monotonously reduced from the front surface 21d side to the back surface 21c side.

In the wall main body 23, second notches 35a and 35b are formed at both ends of the lowermost surface 21b.
Each of the second cutouts 35a and 35b has the same shape, and is formed from the lowermost surface 21b upward (in the positive direction of the y axis) so as to communicate the front surface 21d side and the back surface 21c side.
8A is a partially enlarged view of a portion surrounded by a dotted line G in FIG. 5, and FIG. 8B is a partially enlarged view of a portion surrounded by a dotted line H in FIG. In addition, as shown to Fig.8 (a) and (b), the 2nd notch 35b and the 2nd notch 35a have a symmetrical shape.
The second cutout 35b has a rectangular parallelepiped shape with four sides having a length x6 and four sides having a length y5 (the other four sides are the length between the front surface 21d and the back surface 21c). Here, y5>y1> y2.
Similarly, the second cutout 35a has substantially a rectangular parallelepiped shape with four sides having a length x6 and four sides having a length y5 (the other four sides are the length between the front surface 21d and the back surface 21c). Here, y5>y1> y2.

The pair of leg portions 41 and 51 has a rod shape (columnar shape) formed so as to protrude in one direction (z-axis direction) from the lower portion of the wall portion 21 (wall portion main body 23). Are integrally formed.
In a state in which the wall main body 23 is substantially along the xy plane, the lower surfaces of the pair of leg portions 41 and 51 are substantially in contact with the zx plane, whereby the installation surface (not shown) of the main block 11 that forms a substantially horizontal plane. ) Along the zx plane, the wall portion 21 (wall body 23) rises substantially along the xy plane (in this case, the vertical plane) by the pair of leg portions 41 and 51 coming into contact with the installation surface. It becomes a state.

The reinforcing bar 61 is formed so as to protrude from the lower portion of the wall portion 21 (wall portion main body 23) in the one direction (the same direction as the pair of leg portions 41 and 51 protrudes).
The reinforcing bar 61 has a plurality of vertical reinforcing bars 63 (the vertical reinforcing bars 63 are substantially parallel to each other) and a plurality of vertical reinforcing bars 63 whose proximal ends are attached to the wall portion 21 (wall portion main body 23) and project in the z-axis direction. a plurality of horizontal reinforcing bars 65 (the plurality of horizontal reinforcing bars 65 are substantially parallel to each other) spanned in the x-axis direction, and the plurality of vertical reinforcing bars 63 and the plurality of horizontal reinforcing bars 65 are fixed to each other at the crossing position. (Welded). Further, the plurality of vertical reinforcing bars 63 and the plurality of horizontal reinforcing bars 65 are arranged along the zx plane. Here, the vertical reinforcing bar 63 is a reinforcing bar integrated with the reinforcing bar embedded in the wall main body 23 along the wall main body 23 in order to reinforce the wall main body 23, and thereby the vertical reinforcing bar 63 is high. It is attached to the wall main body 23 with strength.

The usage method of this block 11 is demonstrated.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a side road 111 in the tunnel 101 formed using the block 11 (showing a cross section perpendicular to the traveling direction of the roadway 121 of the tunnel 101. For easy illustration and understanding. Therefore, hatching is omitted.) A roadway 121 is formed inside the tunnel 105 defined by the inner surface 103 of the tunnel 101, and a side road 111 is formed along one side of the roadway 121 (on the right side in FIG. 9) along the tunnel inner side surface 103a. In addition, drainage groove forming blocks 131a and 131b are continuously embedded on both sides of the roadway 121 along the roadway 121, and the main block 11 is located outside the drainage groove forming block 131b (side closer to the inner side surface 103a of the tunnel). A side road 111 using the is formed. Hereinafter, a method of forming the side road 111 using the main block 11 will be described.

  FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing a first step of the method for forming the side path 111 (some hatching is omitted for ease of illustration and understanding. The direction of the section is the same as FIG. 9). A drainage groove forming block 131b is disposed at a predetermined position inside the tunnel 105 of the tunnel 101, and a concrete foundation 141 (so-called leveled concrete) is provided between the drainage groove forming block 131b and the tunnel inner side surface 103a. Is formed. The upper surface 141a of the concrete foundation 141 is a placement surface on which concrete is placed as described later.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a second step of the method for forming the side path 111 (some hatching is omitted for ease of illustration and understanding. The cross-sectional position is the same as FIG. 10). As shown in FIG. 11, the main block 11 is arranged on the upper surface 141a of the concrete foundation 141 (the main block 11 is placed on the installation surface (the upper surface 141a of the concrete foundation 141) so that the back surface 21c of the wall portion 21 faces the tunnel inner surface 103a. Corresponds to the placement step). At this time, the leg portions 41 and 51 and the reinforcing bar 61 of the main block 11 are projected on the inner surface 103a of the tunnel, not on the drainage groove forming block 131b side. Although not shown here, the plurality of main blocks 11 are disposed along the tunnel inner surface 103a and adjacent to each other by disposing the connecting members in the connecting portions 24a, 24b, 24c, and 24d as described above. The blocks 11 are connected to each other. In addition, although this block 11 is mounted on the upper surface 141a via the buffer material 151 here, the buffer material 151 is not essential.
FIG. 17 is a partially enlarged front view (showing a view from the direction of arrow M in FIG. 11) showing a pair of main blocks 11 disposed so that end faces 22a and 22b are adjacent to each other. . With reference to FIG. 17, a state in which a pair of main blocks 11 are arranged will be described. Here, for ease of explanation, one of the pair of main blocks 11 is described as a main block 11a and the other is described as a main block 11b. The lowermost surface 21b of the main block 11a and the lowermost surface 21b of the main block 11b belong to the same plane (a plane parallel to the zx plane), and the surface 21d of the main block 11a and the surface 21d of the main block 11b are the same plane. A main block 11a and a main block 11b having the same structure, dimensions, and the like are disposed so as to belong to (a plane parallel to the xy plane). The end surface 22a of the main block 11a and the end surface 22b of the main block 11b face each other, and the packing 21pa of the main block 11a and the packing 21pb of the main block 11b are in contact with each other along the vertical direction (y-axis direction). . The second notch 35a of the main block 11a and the second notch 35b of the main block 11b are combined to form a gap 35 between the main blocks 11a and 11b. The height of the gap 35 from the lowermost surface 21b is y5, and the heights of the first cutouts 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d from the lowermost surface 21b are the height y1 on the front surface 21d side and high on the rear surface 21c side. Y2 (y5>y1> y2).
The adjacent main blocks 11 of the plurality of main blocks 11 shown in FIG. 11 are arranged like a pair of main blocks 11a and 11b shown in FIG.

  12 is a cross-sectional view showing a third step of the method for forming the side path 111 (some hatchings are omitted for ease of illustration and understanding. The cross-sectional position is the same as in FIGS. 10 and 11). is there. As shown in FIG. 12, uncured concrete 161 is placed between the main block 11 arranged on the upper surface 141a and the tunnel inner side surface 103a (the back surface 21c side) in the second step. The placed concrete 161 has a back surface 21c on the first notches 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d of the main block 11 and a gap 35 formed by the second notches 35a, 35b of the main block 11 adjacent to each other. It flows in from the side and flows out from the first cutouts 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d and the gap 35 to the surface 21d side.

  13 is a cross-sectional view showing a fourth step of the method for forming the side path 111 (some hatchings are omitted for ease of illustration and understanding. The cross-sectional position is the same as in FIGS. 10 to 12). is there. As shown in FIG. 13, the concrete 161 placed in the third step includes the first notches 31a, 31b, 31c, and 31d of the main block 11, and the second notches 35a of the main block 11 adjacent to each other. It flows out to the surface 21d side via the gap 35 formed by 35b, and covers the lower part of the main block 11 (the third step and the fourth step constitute the placing step). FIG. 14 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view (an enlarged view of a portion indicated by an arrow J in FIG. 13) showing a state where the lower portion of the main block 11 is covered with concrete 161. As shown in FIG. 14, the portion from y1 to less than y5 in the y direction from the lowermost surface 21b of the main block 11 infiltrates into the concrete 161 (note that the dotted line Q in FIG. 14 forms a gap 35). This is a line indicating the position of the upper surface 35q of the second cutouts 35a and 35b.) For this reason, the first cutouts 31a, 31b, 31c and 31d are all filled with the concrete 161 and are adjacent to the main block 11. The gap 35 formed by the second notches 35a and 35b is not filled with the concrete 161 between the upper surface 161c of the concrete 161 and the upper surface of the gap 35 (second notches 35a and 35b). A portion of the dimension y7 along the direction (about twice the dimension x6 in the x direction) is held as a gap (this block adjacent to each other). Second cut-out 35a of the click 11, part of the (y5-y7) in y direction in the gap 35 formed by 35b is filled by the concrete 161.). Hereinafter, the portion of the dimension y7 along the y direction in FIG. 14 is referred to as “upper holding gap”.

  15 is a cross-sectional view showing a fifth step of the method for forming the side path 111 (some hatchings are omitted for ease of illustration and understanding. The cross-sectional position is the same as in FIGS. 10 to 13). is there. After the concrete 161 placed in the third step and the fourth step is hardened (hardening step), as shown in FIG. 15, between the main block 11 (back surface 21c) and the tunnel 101 (tunnel inner side surface 103a). The earth and sand 171 is loaded on the concrete 161, and the upper surface concrete 181 is placed on the earth and sand 171 between the main block 11 (back surface 21c) and the tunnel 101 (tunnel inner surface 103a). When the placed upper surface concrete 181 is cured, the side road 111 in the tunnel 101 formed using the main block 11 is completed. In such a completed structure of the side path 111 in the tunnel 101 using the main block 11, even if moisture (for example, groundwater or rainwater) enters the earth and sand 171, the moisture passes through the upper holding gap. It flows out from the back surface 21c side to the front surface 21d side (the water flowing out to the front surface 21d side flows into the flow path 131bc of the drain groove forming block 131b and is drained outside the tunnel 101).

  Although not so in the example of FIG. 15 above, after the concrete 161 placed in the third step and the fourth step is hardened, as shown in FIG. 21c) and the tunnel 101 (tunnel inner side surface 103a), a laying object 201 (here, piping along the direction of passage of the tunnel 101) may be laid. After laying the laying object 201, in the case of FIG. 16 (a) as well as in the example of FIG. 15, as shown in FIG. 16 (b), between the main block 11 (back surface 21c) and the tunnel 101 (tunnel inner side surface 103a). The earth and sand 171 is charged, and the upper surface concrete 181 is placed on the earth and sand 171 between the main block 11 (back surface 21c) and the tunnel 101 (tunnel inner surface 103a). When the placed upper surface concrete 181 is hardened, the side road 111 in the tunnel 101 in which the laying object 201 is laid using the block 11 is completed. Also in such a structure of FIG. 16B, moisture (for example, groundwater, rainwater, etc.) that has entered the earth and sand 171 is drained from the back surface 21c side to the front surface 21d side through the upper holding gap. 16A and 16B, some hatchings are omitted for easy illustration and understanding, and their cross-sectional positions are the same as those in FIGS.

  As described above, the main block 11 is uncured after the wall portion 21 having both the main surface of the front surface 21d and the back surface 21c is installed so as to rise from the installation surface (here, the upper surface 141a of the concrete foundation 141). The concrete 161 is placed on the installation surface (upper surface 141a), and the lower portion of the wall portion 21 is covered with the uncured concrete 161 and the concrete 161 is cured, so that the hardened concrete 161 is formed on the lower surface 21d and the back surface 21c. A retaining wall formation comprising the wall portion 21 which is fixed by abutting (including adhesion) and forming a retaining wall in the tunnel interior 105, and includes a lower edge or a lower surface (here, a lower surface) of the wall portion 21 ) Is a reference plane (indicated by a dotted line P in the figure) that is a virtual plane along the direction in which the wall portion 21 continues (here, the x-axis direction). Here, the reference plane P is flat on the zx plane. The lowermost portion of the wall 21 facing (the direction in which the y-axis value decreases is the lower side and the direction in which the y-axis value increases is the upper side). 21b) and a separation portion (here, first cutouts 31a, 31b) formed so as to be cut out upward (in the positive direction of the y-axis) so that the adjacent portion (lowermost surface 21b) exists on one side or both sides. 31c, 31d and second cutouts 35a, 35b) are retaining wall formations (main formations). The distance between the installation surface (upper surface 141a) and the adjacent portion (lowermost surface 21b) is as follows: the installation surface (upper surface 141a) and the separation portion (first cutouts 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, second cutouts 35a, 35b). ) Is less than the distance between.

In this block 11, the separation part (the first cutouts 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, the second cutouts 35a, 35b) is formed as a cove-like separation formed so that the adjacent parts (the lowermost surface 21b) exist on both sides. Part (1st notch 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d).
In this block 11, the separation part (the first cutouts 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, the second cutouts 35a, 35b) is an end formed so that the adjacent part (the lowermost surface 21b) exists only on one side. It includes a separation portion (second notches 35a, 35b).
In this block 11, there are two or more (here, 6) separation parts (first notches 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, second notches 35a, 35b), and separation parts (first notches 31a, 31b). , 31c, 31d) and a first separation portion (first notches 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d) having a first height y2 that is a height of a space formed between the reference plane P and a first height And a second separation portion (second notches 35a and 35b) having a second height y5 larger than the height y2.
In the present block 11, the second separation portion (second notches 35a, 35b) is an end separation portion (second notches 35a, 35b) formed so that the adjacent portion (lowermost surface 21b) exists only on one side. ).
In the present block 11, the cross-sectional area of the space formed between at least one separation portion (here, the first cutouts 31a, 31b, 31c, and 31d) and the reference plane P is located on the tunnel inner side surface 103a side. It increases monotonously as it goes from one side (here, the back surface 21c) side to the other side (here, the front surface 21d) side of the back surface 21c side and the front surface 21d side.

The main block 11 further includes a rear surface side protruding member (here, the leg portions 41 and 51 and the reinforcing bar 61) protruding from the rear surface 21c located on the tunnel inner side surface 103a side of the wall portion 21.
In the main block 11, the back side protruding members (the leg portions 41 and 51, the reinforcing bars 61) include the leg portions 41 and 51 that support the wall portion 21.
In the present block 11, the back side protruding members (the leg portions 41 and 51, the reinforcing bar 61) include the reinforcing bars 61 that reinforce the concrete 161 covering the lower portion of the wall portion 21.
The block 11 further includes packings 21pa and 21pb disposed on the side end surfaces (end surfaces 22a and 22b) of the wall portion 21 along the vertical direction (y-axis direction).

And the retaining wall manufacturing method (this method) which manufactures a retaining wall in the tunnel interior 105 using this block 11 demonstrated above is an installation surface so that the back surface 21c of the said wall part 21 may face the tunnel inner surface 103a. An arrangement step (second step) in which the retaining wall formation (main block 11) is arranged on the (upper surface 141a), and a separation part (main block 11) arranged in the arrangement step (second step) ( Between the first cutouts 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, the second cutouts 35a, 35b) and the installation surface (upper surface 141a), the uncured concrete 161 is one of the back surface 21c side and the front surface 21d side (here, the back surface) 21c) the uncured concrete 161 is placed on the one (back surface 21c) side of the installation surface (upper surface 141a) so as to flow from the other side (here, the front surface 21d) side, and the wall 21. The placing step (third step and fourth step) for covering the lower part of 21 with uncured concrete 161, and the concrete 161 placed by the placing step (third step and fourth step) harden, Curing step (fifth step starting portion) in which the hardened concrete 161 comes into contact (including adhesion) with the lower surface 21d and back surface 21c of the wall 21 and the retaining wall formation (main block 11) is fixed (adhered). And a retaining wall manufacturing method. The earth and sand 171 and the top concrete 181 are held between the tunnel inner side surface 103a and the retaining wall formation (main block 11) by the retaining wall formed by the retaining wall formation (main block 11).
Further, the above method includes at least one separation portion (second notches 35a and 35b) and an upper surface 161c of uncured concrete 161 placed in the placing step (third step and fourth step). A communication space (in this case, an upper holding gap) is formed between the rear surface 21c side and the front surface 21d side of the wall 21.
Here, there are two or more (six notches 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, second notches 35a, 35b) (here, six), and the separating parts (first notches 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d). ) And the reference plane P, the first separation portion (first notches 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d) having a first height y2 and a height higher than the first height y2. A retaining wall formation (main block 11) including a second separation portion (second notches 35a and 35b) having a large second height y5 is used, and the back surface 21c of the wall portion 21 is used. The first separation part (first cutouts 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d) is sealed by the concrete 161 between the side and the surface 21d side, and the communication space (the second cutout 35a, 35b) is communicated with the second separation part (second cutouts 35a, 35b). An upper holding gap) is formed. In the placing step (third step and fourth step), uncured concrete 161 is placed to a position higher than the first height y2 and lower than the second height y5.

11 blocks 21 wall portion 21a upper surface 21b bottom surface 21c back surface 21d surface 21pa, 21pb packing 22a, 22b end surface 23 wall portion body 23c recess 23t thin portion 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d connecting portion 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d first Notch 35 Clearance 35a, 35b Second notch 41, 51 Leg 61 Reinforcing bar 63 Vertical reinforcing bar 65 Horizontal reinforcing bar 101 Tunnel 103 Inner surface 103a Tunnel inner side surface 105 Inside tunnel 111 Side road 121 Roadway 131a, 131b Drain groove forming block 131bc Channel 141 Concrete foundation 141a Upper surface 151 Buffer material 161 Concrete 161c Upper surface 171 Earth and sand 181 Upper surface concrete 201 Laying thing

Claims (14)

After the wall having both the front and back main surfaces is installed so that it rises from the installation surface, uncured concrete is placed on the installation surface, and the lower part of the wall is covered with uncured concrete and the concrete is cured. A retaining wall forming product comprising the wall portion that forms a retaining wall inside the tunnel by fixing the hardened concrete in contact with the front and back surfaces of the lower part,
The lower edge or the lower surface of the wall portion is adjacent to the lowermost portion of the wall portion facing the reference plane which is a virtual plane along the direction in which the wall portion continues, and the adjacent portion is on one side or both sides And a separation portion formed so as to be cut out upward so as to allow the front surface side and the back surface side to communicate with each other.
There are two or more separation parts, a first separation part having a first height of a space formed between the separation part and the reference surface, and a second height greater than the first height. A retaining wall formation comprising two separation portions.     The retaining wall formation according to claim 1, wherein the second separation portion is formed as an end separation portion formed so that the adjacent portion exists only on one side. After the wall having both the front and back main surfaces is installed so that it rises from the installation surface, uncured concrete is placed on the installation surface, and the lower part of the wall is covered with uncured concrete and the concrete is cured. A retaining wall forming product comprising the wall portion that forms a retaining wall inside the tunnel by fixing the hardened concrete in contact with the front and back surfaces of the lower part,
The lower edge or the lower surface of the wall portion is adjacent to the lowermost portion of the wall portion facing the reference plane which is a virtual plane along the direction in which the wall portion continues, and the adjacent portion is on one side or both sides And a separation portion formed so as to be cut out upward so as to allow the front surface side and the back surface side to communicate with each other.
The cross-sectional area of the space formed between at least one separation portion and the reference surface monotonously increases from one side of the back side and the front side located on the inner side of the tunnel toward the other side. Wall formation.     The retaining wall formation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the separation portion includes a cove-like separation portion formed so that adjacent portions exist on both sides.     The retaining wall forming article according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the separation portion includes an end separation portion formed so that the adjacent portion exists only on one side.     The retaining wall forming article according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a rear surface side protruding member that protrudes from a rear surface that is located on the inner surface side of the tunnel of the wall portion.     The retaining wall formation according to claim 6, wherein the back side protruding member includes a leg portion that supports the wall portion.     The retaining wall formation according to any one of claims 6 and 7, wherein the rear-side protruding member includes a reinforcing bar that reinforces the concrete covering the lower portion of the wall portion.     The retaining wall formation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a packing disposed on a side end surface of the wall portion along the vertical direction. A retaining wall manufacturing method for manufacturing a retaining wall inside a tunnel using the retaining wall formation according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
An arrangement step of arranging a retaining wall formation on the installation surface such that the back surface of the wall portion faces the inner surface of the tunnel,
The uncured concrete flows between the rear surface side and the front surface side from one side to the other side between the separation part of the retaining wall formed by the arranging step and the installation surface, and is uncured on the one side of the installation surface. Placing concrete and placing a lower portion of the wall portion with uncured concrete;
A retaining wall comprising: a curing step in which the concrete placed by the placing step hardens, and the hardened concrete abuts on the front and back surfaces of the lower portion of the wall and the retaining wall formation is fixed. Production method.     A communication space is formed between the at least one separation portion and the upper surface of the uncured concrete placed in the placing step so that the back side and the front side of the wall portion communicate with each other. The method for producing a retaining wall according to claim 10.     The retaining wall formation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first separation portion is sealed with concrete between the back surface side and the front surface side of the wall portion, and a communication space is provided in the second separation portion. The method for manufacturing a retaining wall according to claim 11, wherein the retaining wall is formed. A retaining wall manufacturing method for manufacturing a retaining wall inside a tunnel using the retaining wall formation according to claim 3,
The retaining wall manufacturing method according to claim 10, wherein the uncured concrete in the placing step flows in a direction in which the cross-sectional area of the space monotonously increases.     The retaining wall manufactured by the retaining wall manufacturing method of any one of Claims 10 thru | or 13.

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