JP5877640B2 - 鎮痛化合物 - Google Patents
鎮痛化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5877640B2 JP5877640B2 JP2010504392A JP2010504392A JP5877640B2 JP 5877640 B2 JP5877640 B2 JP 5877640B2 JP 2010504392 A JP2010504392 A JP 2010504392A JP 2010504392 A JP2010504392 A JP 2010504392A JP 5877640 B2 JP5877640 B2 JP 5877640B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
- C07K7/08—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 12 to 20 amino acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
- A61P17/04—Antipruritics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Description
(ここで、
R1は、ピログルタメートであり、
R2は、PheまたはTrpまたはTyrまたはLeuまたはThrであり、
R4は、ProまたはArgであり、
R5は、GlxまたはAsxまたはGlyであり、
R6は、AsnまたはGlnまたはLeuであり、
R7は、任意のアミノ酸であり、
R8は、Lysを除く任意のアミノ酸であり、
R10は、GlxまたはAsxであり、
R12は、GlxまたはLysであり、
R14は、任意のアミノ酸であり、
ただし、R7がCysである場合、R14はCysではなく、R14がCysである場合、R7はCysではない。)を含む単離ペプチドを提供する。
(ここで、
R1は、ピログルタメートであり、
R2は、PheまたはTrpまたはTyrまたはLeuまたはThrであり、
R4は、ProまたはArgであり、
R5は、GlxまたはAsxまたはGlyであり、
R6は、AsnまたはGlnまたはLeuであり、
R7は、任意のアミノ酸であり、
R8は、Lysを除く任意のアミノ酸であり、
R10は、GlxまたはAsxであり、
R12は、GlxまたはLysであり、
R14は、任意のアミノ酸であり、
ただし、R7がCysである場合、R14はCysではなく、R14がCysである場合、R7はCysではない。)からなる。
(ここで、
R1は、ピログルタメートであり、
R2は、PheまたはTrpまたはTyrまたはLeuまたはThrであり、
R4は、ProまたはArgであり、
R5は、GlxまたはAsxまたはGlyであり、
R6は、AsnまたはGlnまたはLeuであり、
R8は、Lysを除く任意のアミノ酸であり、
R10は、GlxまたはAsxであり、
R12は、GlxまたはLysであり、
ここで位置R7およびR14における2つのCys残基の間では分子内ジスルフィド架橋は形成されず、ただしアミノ酸配列は配列番号3以外のものである。)を含む単離ペプチドを提供する。いくつかの実施形態では、ペプチドは、対象に鎮痛または抗侵害受容作用をもたらすことができる。いくつかの実施形態では、R8はGlxである。
R1は、ピログルタメートであり、
R2は、PheまたはTrpまたはTyrまたはLeuまたはThrであり、
R4は、ProまたはArgであり、
R5は、GlxまたはAsxまたはGlyであり、
R6は、AsnまたはGlnまたはLeuであり、
R8は、Lysを除く任意のアミノ酸であり、
R10は、GlxまたはAsxであり、
R12は、GlxまたはLysであり、
ここで位置R7およびR14における2つのCys残基の間では分子内ジスルフィド架橋は形成されず、ただしアミノ酸配列は配列番号3以外のものである。いくつかの実施形態では、ペプチドは、対象に鎮痛または抗侵害受容作用をもたらすことができる。いくつかの実施形態では、R8はGlxである。
本開示は、疼痛、例えば急性または慢性疼痛の治療に有用な新規ペプチドを特徴とする。ペプチドは、痛覚感受性を低減し、鎮痛効果を有することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、ペプチドは抗侵害受容作用を有する。ペプチドは、例えばオピオイド受容体を活性化することによって鎮痛を誘発する。ペプチドは、長期にわたる鎮痛および/または抗侵害受容作用をもたらすことができる。本明細書では、かかるペプチドを(例えば疼痛の治療のために)使用する方法、かかるペプチドの生成方法、ならびにかかるペプチドを含有するキットおよび組成物も記載される。
国際疼痛学会(IASP)は、疼痛を「我々が主に組織損傷と関連付け、またはかかる損傷に関して説明する、またはその両方である不快感および感情的な経験」と定義している。この定義は、疼痛が感覚、感情および認知の組合せの現象であり、患者が疼痛を経験するのに身体的な病変が存在する必要がないことを認めるものである。概念的には疼痛は、3つの階層レベル:感覚差別的成分(例えば、位置、強度、質)、動機付け−感情の成分(例えば鬱病、不安症)および認知評価による成分(例えば、疼痛の原因および重要性に関する思索)から構成されるものと考えることができる。疼痛の知覚は、知覚ニューロン系(侵害受容器)および潜在的に有害な、組織に障害を与える刺激に特異的に応答する求心性神経経路によって支持される。これらの経路の活動は、非侵害受容性病態生理(例えば、異常な神経系処理)または心理的要因によって影響を受け得る。
疼痛の経験は、発生源および侵害受容器(もしあれば)の関与に従って分類することができる。
侵害受容器は、後根神経節の脊柱の外にそれらの細胞体を有する自由神経終末である。機械的、熱的および化学的侵害受容器が存在する。それらは、皮膚内ならびに骨膜および関節面などの内部表面上に見られる。深い内部表面は、疼痛受容体をわずかしか供給されず、これらの領域に組織損傷が生じる場合には、慢性的な疼くような疼痛の感覚を伝えることになる。
疼痛を測定するための完全に正確な方法はない。時に、頭痛の場合などでは、診断の最高の一助となるのは、疼痛の種類、期間および位置についての対象自身の説明である。
内因性鎮痛系は、やはり脊髄後角に位置している侵害受容伝達ニューロンを阻害する作用をする、中脳中心灰白質(中脳における)、大縫線核(髄質内)および脊髄の後角内の侵害受容阻害性ニューロンの3つの主な成分によって仲介される。
疼痛治療の目標(例えば管理)は、機能を改善して、対象が仕事をし、通学し、他の日々の活動に参加できるようにし、苦痛を軽減し、および/または疼痛に罹患している人の生活の質を改善することである。数々の治療が利用可能である。その例には:
本明細書に記載のペプチド(例えば、鎮痛性および非侵害受容性ペプチド)が含まれる。ペプチドの1つまたは組合せ(例えば、本明細書に記載のペプチドの複数)を使用して、疼痛を治療することができる。
−TENSは、皮膚を介して神経線維に送達される小さい電気パルスを使用して、筋肉内にしびれまたは収縮などの変化を生じさせる。これが順に一時的疼痛緩和をもたらす。TENSは、脊髄レベルで疼痛伝達を遮断できる末梢神経線維のサブセットを活性化することができるという証拠もある。
−末梢神経刺激は、身体の注意深く選択された領域上に外科的に置かれる電極を使用する。次いで対象は、アンテナおよび送信機を使用して、罹患領域に必要な電流を送達することができる。
−脊髄刺激は、脊髄の硬膜外腔内に外科的に挿入される電極を使用する。対象は、皮膚にテープで張られた小さい箱型の受信機およびアンテナを使用して、脊髄への電気パルスを送達することができる。
−脳深部または脳内刺激は、極端な治療であるとみなされており、脳、通常は視床の外科的刺激を含む。これは、重篤な疼痛、中心性疼痛症候群、癌性疼痛、幻肢痛および他の神経障害性疼痛を含む、限られた数の状態に使用される。
本開示は、急性または慢性疼痛などの疼痛の治療に使用することができる、鎮痛特性を有するペプチドを提供する。ペプチドは、抗侵害受容作用を有することができる。ペプチドは、オピオイド受容体のアゴニストまたは部分的アゴニストとして作用することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、ペプチドは、オピオイド受容体(例えば、κおよび/またはδ型オピオイド受容体)に、直接的または間接的に作用することができる。例えば、本明細書に記載のペプチドは、オピオイド受容体を直接活性化することができ、または内因性オピオイドの放出を誘発する(例えば、またそれによってオピオイド受容体に間接的に影響を及ぼす)ことができる。
(ここで、
R1は、ピログルタメートであり、
R2は、PheまたはTrpまたはTyrまたはLeuまたはThrであり、
R4は、ProまたはArgであり、
R5は、GlxまたはAsxまたはGlyであり、
R6は、AsnまたはGlnまたはLeuであり、
R7は、任意のアミノ酸であり、
R8は、Lysを除く任意のアミノ酸であり、
R10は、GlxまたはAsxであり、
R12は、GlxまたはLysであり、
R14は、任意のアミノ酸であり、
ただし、R7がCysである場合、R14はCysではなく、R14がCysである場合、R7はCysではない。)を有するペプチドを含む。
アラニンは、D−Ala、Gly、β−Ala、L−Cys、D−Cysで置換され、
アルギニンは、D−Arg、Lys、D−Lys、ホモ−Arg、D−ホモ−Arg、Met、Ile、D−Met、D−Ile、Orn、D−Ornで置換され、
アスパラギンは、D−Asn、Asp、D−Asp、Glu、D−Glu、Gln、D−Glnで置換され、
アスパラギン酸は、D−Asp、D−Asn、Asn、Glu、D−Glu、Gln、D−Glnで置換され、
システインは、D−Cys、S−Me−Cys、Met、D−Met、Thr、D−Thrで置換され、
グルタミンは、D−Gln、Asn、D−Asn、Glu、D−Glu、Asp、D−Aspで置換され、
グルタミン酸は、D−Glu、D−Asp、Asp、Asn、D−Asn、Gln、D−Glnで置換され、
グリシンは、Ala、D−Ala、Pro、D−Pro、Acpで置換され、
イソロイシンは、D−Ile、Val、D−Val、Leu、D−Leu、Met、D−Metで置換され、
ロイシンは、D−Leu、Val、D−Val、Leu、D−Leu、Met、D−Metで置換され、
リシンは、D−Lys、Arg、D−Arg、ホモ−arg、D−ホモ−Arg、Met、D−Met、Ile、D−Ile、Orn、D−Ornで置換され、
メチオニンは、D−Met、S−Me−Cys、Ile、D−Ile、Leu、D−Leu、Val、D−Valで置換され、
フェニルアラニンは、D−Phe、Tyr、D−Thr、L−Dopa、His、D−His、Trp、D−Trp、トランス−3、4または5−フェニルプロリン、シス−3、4または5−フェニルプロリンで置換され、
プロリンは、D−Pro、L−I−チアゾリジン−4−カルボン酸、D−またはL−1−オキサゾリジン−4−カルボン酸で置換され、
セリンは、D−Ser、Thr、D−Thr、allo−Thr、Met、D−Met、Met(O)、D−Met(O)、L−Cys、D−Cysで置換され、
トレオニンは、D−Thr、Ser、D−Ser、allo−Thr、Met、D−Met、Met(O)、D−Met(O)、Val、D−Valで置換され、
チロシンは、D−Tyr、Phe、D−Phe、L−Dopa、His、D−Hisで置換され、
バリンは、D−Val、Leu、D−Leu、Ile、D−Ile、Met、D−Metで置換される。
本明細書に記載のペプチドは、生物系内で調製することができ、または化学的に合成することができる。
−脱保護試薬を洗浄して、清浄なカップリング環境を提供し、
−ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)などの溶媒に溶解した保護アミノ酸をカップリング試薬と組み合わせ、合成カラムを介してそれを送り出し、
−カップリング試薬を洗浄して、清浄な脱保護環境を提供する。
本開示のペプチドは、例えば対象に投与して疼痛を治療するために、医薬組成物として製剤することができる。ペプチドは、単独で、または疼痛の別の療法と組み合わせて、同じ組成物として、もしくは別個の組成物として投与することができる。
ペプチドは、対象、例えばヒト対象に、様々な方法によって投与することができる。多数の用途では、投与経路は非経口、例えば静脈注射もしくは注入(IV)、動脈注射、皮下注射(SC)、腹腔内(IP)、心腔内注射、骨内注入、皮内注射、腹腔内注入もしくは注射、硝子体内注射、筋肉内注射、くも膜下腔内注射、関節内注射または硬膜外投与の1つである。これを使用することも可能である。いくつかの好ましい実施形態では、ペプチドは、経腸経路(例えば経口)によって投与される。ペプチドは、例えば皮膚または唇または歯茎または口腔または喉に、例えば疼痛部位において局部的に、例えば局所的に(例えば、経皮、鼻腔内、吸入、経膣等)(例えば、クリーム、ゲル、ローションまたは軟膏で)投与することができる。いくつかの場合では、投与は疼痛の部位に直接行うことができる。
ペプチドを含む医薬組成物は、医療装置を用いて投与することができる。該装置は、例えばペプチドを含む医薬調製物を保存するための1つ以上の筐体を含むことができ、ペプチドの1つ以上の単位剤形を送達するように構成され得る。該装置はさらに、第2の薬剤、例えば本明細書に記載の第2の疼痛治療剤を、やはりペプチドを含む単一の医薬組成物として、または2つの別個の医薬組成物として投与するように構成され得る。
本明細書に提示の実施例2−6では、7A14Aペプチドを、段階的固相合成法によって、N−9−フルオレニルメトキシカルボニル(Fmoc)の化学的性質を使用して、Fmoc−Ala−NOVASYN(登録商標)TGA樹脂(Nova Biochem.)を用いてShimadzu PSSM−8ペプチド合成機(島津製作所(株)、日本、京都)で化学的に合成した。全てのFmoc−L−アミノ酸は、Nova Biochemから購入した。樹脂からのペプチドの切断は、TFA/アニソール/1,2−エタンジチオール(体積で94:5:1)の混合物を用いる処理によって、室温において2時間で達成した。濾過およびTFAでの2回の洗浄による樹脂の除去後、混合濾液をジエチルエーテルに0℃で滴加し、次いで3000rpmで10分間遠心分離にかけて、粗ペプチドの沈殿物を収集した。得られた合成粗ペプチドを、逆相HPLCによって、YMC−Pack ODS、20×150mm(Yamamura Kagaku、日本、京都)を使用して15%CH3CN/H2O/0.1%TFAの定組成溶離液を用いて、7ml/分の流量で精製した。同質性および配列を、MALDI−TOF MSおよびHPLCによって確認した。
7A14Aペプチド(配列番号2)の抗侵害受容作用を、プロスタグランジンE2(PGE2)誘発性痛覚過敏症疼痛モデルで試験した。ペプチドを生理食塩水で希釈して5μg/kgの濃度にし、ラットに経口投与した。同じ経路を介して生理食塩水を投与した動物を、対象として使用した。
7A14Aペプチドによってもたらされた抗侵害受容作用の期間を、PGE2誘発性痛覚過敏症モデルで評価した。疼痛感受性の評価では、ラットの足の圧力試験を使用した。実験を前述のように実施した。
希釈後および希釈ペプチドの様々な保存期間後の7A14Aペプチドの安定性を評価した。ペプチドを生理食塩水で希釈して、最終濃度5μg/kgにした。次いで、希釈ペプチドを、痛覚過敏症モデルにおける使用の0、30、40、60または90日前に−20℃で保存した。
7A14Aペプチドによってもたらされた抗侵害受容作用の期間を、持続性神経障害性疼痛のモデルである、ラットの坐骨神経の慢性収縮によって痛覚過敏症が誘発されたモデルで評価した。神経障害性疼痛の誘発では、Bennett,G.J.およびXie,Y.K.(Pain、33:87−107頁、1988年)によって記載の方法に従って、坐骨神経において外科手術を実施した。簡潔には外科手術は以下の通り実施した。動物をハロタンで麻酔した。大腿部の中間領域の坐骨神経を曝露し、大腿二頭筋を除去した。坐骨神経の三分割に近接してその三分割から7mmの距離に、その周囲に互いに約1mm離して4つの緩い結紮を実施した(クロムめっき腸線4−0)。最初の点から最大4−5mmで神経に沿って結束した。絹製縫合糸4−0番を使用して切開部を多層縫合した。
ENPAKペプチド(配列番号3)および7A14Aペプチド(配列番号2)の抗侵害受容作用を、内臓痛のモデルである酢酸誘発性腹部のライジング(writhing)アッセイで試験した。ペプチドを生理食塩水で希釈して、図5Aおよび5Bに示される濃度にし、マウスに経口投与した。同じ経路を介して生理食塩水を投与された動物を、対照として使用した。
Claims (24)
- アミノ酸配列:pGlu−Phe−Ser−Pro−Glu−Asn−R7−Gln−Gly−Glu−Ser−Gln−Pro−R14(R7およびR14はAlaである)(配列番号2)からなり、対象に鎮痛をもたらすことができる、単離ペプチド。
- 請求項1のペプチドを含む医薬組成物。
- 溶液、懸濁液、ペースト、カプセル、ゲル、錠剤、丸薬、粉末、顆粒、親液性化合物、制御された放出系、微粒子、ミクロスフィア、ナノスフィア、リポソームの形であり、または有機コーティングを含む、請求項2の医薬組成物。
- 水を主成分とする希釈剤を含む、請求項2の医薬組成物。
- 経口、筋肉内、静脈内、皮下、局所、肺、鼻腔内、頬、直腸、舌下、皮内、腹腔内またはくも膜下腔内使用に合わせて製剤される、請求項2の医薬組成物。
- 経口使用に合わせて製剤される、請求項5の医薬組成物。
- 対象における疼痛状態またはオピオイド受容体によって仲介される状態を治療または予防するための請求項2の医薬組成物。
- ペプチドが、直接的または間接的なオピオイド受容体アゴニストである請求項7の医薬組成物。
- 状態が、κ型オピオイド受容体によって調節される請求項7の医薬組成物。
- ペプチドが、長期持続性の鎮痛効果をもたらすことができる請求項7の医薬組成物。
- 鎮痛効果が最大で5日まで持続する請求項10の医薬組成物。
- 対象の疼痛を治療または予防するための請求項2の医薬組成物。
- 疼痛が急性または慢性である請求項12の医薬組成物。
- 疼痛が侵害受容性である、請求項12の医薬組成物。
- 疼痛が体性、内臓性または神経障害性疼痛である、請求項12の医薬組成物。
- 疼痛が癌性疼痛である、請求項12の医薬組成物。
- 疼痛が、新形成に伴う痛み、線維筋痛、歯痛、月経困難症、腎臓痛、月経痛、胆道痛、関節痛、背痛、関節炎、眼内高血圧、関節鏡検査後の痛み、腹腔鏡検査後婦人科の痛み、経皮的腎結石摘出によって生じる痛み、根治的恥骨後前立腺摘出後の痛み、開胸術後の痛み、扁桃摘出後の痛み、子宮切除後の痛み、帝王切開後の痛み、ならびに火傷、コカイン依存症、オピオイド依存症、細胞増殖、小細胞肺癌、鬱病、精神病、炎症、腫瘍性血管形成に伴う状態、外傷、冠状動脈虚血疾患、パーキンソン病、ジスキネジー、肝性脳症、認知的疾患、アルツハイマー病、肝性胆汁鬱滞に起因する掻痒および婦人の高インスリン血症に関連する疼痛からなる群から選択される、請求項12の医薬組成物。
- 対象に鎮痛をもたらすための請求項2の医薬組成物。
- ペプチドが、直接的または間接的なオピオイド受容体アゴニストである請求項18の医薬組成物。
- 状態が、κ型オピオイド受容体によって調節される請求項18の医薬組成物。
- ペプチドが、長期持続性の鎮痛効果をもたらすことができる請求項18の医薬組成物。
- 鎮痛効果が最大で5日まで持続する請求項21の医薬組成物。
- 固相中におけるペプチド合成を含む、請求項1のペプチドの生成方法。
- HPLCクロマトグラフィーを使用するペプチドの精製をさらに含む、請求項23の方法。
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| PCT/BR2008/000127 WO2008131508A1 (en) | 2007-05-01 | 2008-04-30 | Analgesic compounds |
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