JP5879566B2 - 非接触給電装置 - Google Patents
非接触給電装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5879566B2 JP5879566B2 JP2013141516A JP2013141516A JP5879566B2 JP 5879566 B2 JP5879566 B2 JP 5879566B2 JP 2013141516 A JP2013141516 A JP 2013141516A JP 2013141516 A JP2013141516 A JP 2013141516A JP 5879566 B2 JP5879566 B2 JP 5879566B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- power supply
- power
- coil
- contact
- electric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/124—Detection or removal of foreign bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/60—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/80—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including monitoring or indicating arrangements
- H02J7/82—Control of state of charge [SOC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/40—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the exchange of charge or discharge related data
- H02J7/42—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the exchange of charge or discharge related data with electronic devices having internal batteries, e.g. mobile phones
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
できるという効果を奏する。
以下、本発明の一実施の形態における非接触給電装置について図1〜図3を参照しながら説明する。図1は本発明の実施の形態1における非接触給電装置および周辺装置の構成を説明する図であり、図2、図3は非接触給電装置の構成を説明する図である。
送信される。また、給電開始後、電気自動車2が受電を終了する際には、車両側通信部33から給電側通信部12へ給電停止信号が送信される。給電側制御部11は、給電側通信部12を介して給電開始要求信号および給電停止信号を受信する。
以下、本発明の実施の形態2における非接触給電装置について図4を参照しながら説明する。図4は本発明の実施の形態2における非接触給電装置および周辺装置の構成を説明する図である。なお、上記実施の形態の構成と同様の構成を有するものについては、同一符号を付しその説明を省略し、相違点について詳述する。
以下、本発明の実施の形態3における非接触給電装置について図5を参照しながら説明する。図5は非接触給電装置の構成を説明する図である。なお、上記実施の形態の構成と同様の構成を有するものについては、同一符号を付しその説明を省略し、相違点について詳述する。
以下、本発明の実施の形態4における非接触給電装置について図6〜図9を参照しながら説明する。図6〜図8は非接触給電装置の構成を説明する図である。また、図9は本発明の実施の形態4における非接触給電装置および非接触受電装置の動作を説明する図である。なお、上記実施の形態の構成と同様の構成を有するものについては、同一符号を付しその説明を省略し、相違点について詳述する。
でYES)、給電コイル10からの給電を停止(S207)し、処理を終了(エンド)する。給電側制御部11は、S207を実行する際に、電動式アクチュエータ17を制御し、保護カバー15を図7の状態へ移動させる。
以下、本発明の実施の形態5における非接触給電装置について図10を参照しながら説明する。図10は非接触給電装置の構成を説明する図である。なお、上記実施の形態の構成と同様の構成を有するものについては、同一符号を付しその説明を省略し、相違点について詳述する。
2 電気自動車
3 非接触受電装置
10 給電コイル
11 給電側制御部
12 給電側通信部
13 異物検出センサ
14 異物検出部
15 保護カバー
16 補強カバー
17 電動式アクチュエータ
21 車速センサ
22 シフトポジションセンサ
30 受電コイル
31 蓄電池
32 車両側制御部
33 車両側通信部
34 表示部
Claims (8)
- 移動体へ電磁誘導を利用して非接触で電力を供給する非接触給電装置であって、
磁界を発生させることで電力を供給する給電コイルと、
前記非接触給電装置の表面に侵入した異物と前記給電コイルとを離間させる離間部と、
前記離間部の位置を変化させる駆動力を発生する駆動部と、
前記給電コイルと前記離間部との間に補強用カバーと、を備え、
前記駆動部は、前記給電コイルが給電を行っていないときより前記給電コイルが給電を行っているときの方が、前記離間部が前記移動体に備わる受電コイルの側へ近づくように、前記離間部の位置を変化させる駆動力を発生する、
非接触給電装置。 - 前記離間部は、前記給電コイルの前記移動体が備える受電コイルへ向く側を全面覆っている、
請求項1に記載の非接触給電装置。 - 前記給電コイルの給電、および、前記駆動部を制御する給電側制御部をさらに備え、
前記駆動部は電動式アクチュエータであり、
前記給電側制御部は、前記駆動部が所定の大きさにて駆動力を発生しても前記離間部の位置が変化しない場合は前記給電コイルからの電力供給を禁止する、
請求項1または2に記載の非接触給電装置。 - 前記駆動部は電動式アクチュエータであり、
前記駆動部である電動式アクチュエータへの給電が停止したときは、前記電動式アクチュエータは、給電されているときと比べて、前記離間部の位置が前記給電コイルの側へ近づくように変化させる、
請求項1乃至3の何れかに記載の非接触給電装置。 - 前記離間部を繊維状物、または、網状物で構成した、
請求項1乃至4の何れかに記載の非接触給電装置。 - 前記駆動部は前記移動体にかかる重力を前記離間部の位置を変化させる駆動力に変換する、
請求項1または2に記載の非接触給電装置。 - 前記駆動部は、風船状のマットと、このマットに気体を注入するポンプとで構成され、
前記マットへ前記ポンプが気体を注入することで、前記移動体が備える受電コイルの側へ近づくように前記離間部の位置を変化させる、
請求項1または2に記載の非接触給電装置。 - 前記移動体は電気自動車である、請求項1乃至7の何れかに記載の非接触給電装置。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013141516A JP5879566B2 (ja) | 2011-06-08 | 2013-07-05 | 非接触給電装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011128079 | 2011-06-08 | ||
| JP2011128079 | 2011-06-08 | ||
| JP2013141516A JP5879566B2 (ja) | 2011-06-08 | 2013-07-05 | 非接触給電装置 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012551407A Division JP5315465B2 (ja) | 2011-06-08 | 2012-06-07 | 非接触給電装置 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2013243929A JP2013243929A (ja) | 2013-12-05 |
| JP5879566B2 true JP5879566B2 (ja) | 2016-03-08 |
Family
ID=47295780
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012551407A Active JP5315465B2 (ja) | 2011-06-08 | 2012-06-07 | 非接触給電装置 |
| JP2013141516A Active JP5879566B2 (ja) | 2011-06-08 | 2013-07-05 | 非接触給電装置 |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012551407A Active JP5315465B2 (ja) | 2011-06-08 | 2012-06-07 | 非接触給電装置 |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (2) | JP5315465B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2012169197A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014157091A1 (ja) | 2013-03-29 | 2014-10-02 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 非接触給電システム及び給電装置 |
| JP6209882B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-09 | 2017-10-11 | 株式会社Ihi | 非接触給電システム及び給電装置 |
| JP6146119B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-13 | 2017-06-14 | 株式会社Ihi | 非接触給電システム及び袋体システム |
| EP2996221B1 (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2017-10-04 | IHI Corporation | Contactless power supply system |
| EP3056380A4 (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2017-04-19 | The Chugoku Electric Power Co., Inc. | Contactless power feeding system, and contactless power feeding method |
| US10355530B2 (en) | 2015-03-12 | 2019-07-16 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Non-contact power supply apparatus, program, method for controlling non-contact power supply apparatus, and non-contact power transmission system |
| US10439438B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2019-10-08 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Non-contact power supply apparatus, program, method for controlling non-contact power supply apparatus, and non-contact power transmission system |
| US11584240B2 (en) | 2017-04-19 | 2023-02-21 | Arnold Chase | Intelligent vehicle charging station |
| CN110588386A (zh) * | 2018-05-25 | 2019-12-20 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 线圈小车及用于轨道车辆的无线充电系统 |
| CN112204847B (zh) * | 2018-05-28 | 2023-06-06 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 送电装置及送电装置的控制方法 |
| US10988042B1 (en) | 2018-10-12 | 2021-04-27 | Arnold Chase | Vehicle charging system |
| US11485246B1 (en) | 2021-04-05 | 2022-11-01 | Arnold Chase | Individualized vehicular charging mat |
| US12024039B2 (en) | 2021-12-07 | 2024-07-02 | Arnold Chase | Vehicle self-centered charging system |
| CN115320418A (zh) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-11-11 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | 一种电动汽车无线充电方法及充电系统 |
| JP2026052935A (ja) * | 2024-09-12 | 2026-03-25 | キヤノン株式会社 | 送電装置、受電装置、送電装置が行う方法、受電装置が行う方法及びプログラム |
| JP2026052937A (ja) * | 2024-09-12 | 2026-03-25 | キヤノン株式会社 | 送電装置、受電装置、送電装置が行う方法、受電装置が行う方法及びプログラム |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4006484B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-14 | 2007-11-14 | 一路 藤岡 | 地面給電装置 |
| JP4356844B2 (ja) * | 2006-10-05 | 2009-11-04 | 昭和飛行機工業株式会社 | 非接触給電装置 |
| JP4209437B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-10 | 2009-01-14 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 移動体の非接触給電装置及びその保護装置 |
| JP2010178499A (ja) * | 2009-01-29 | 2010-08-12 | Aisin Aw Co Ltd | 無接点充電装置、その無接点充電装置用の位置関係検出装置の測距装置、及び、位置関係検出装置の被測距装置 |
| JP5606098B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-25 | 2014-10-15 | マスプロ電工株式会社 | 移動体の電力供給システム |
| JP5431774B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-14 | 2014-03-05 | 富士通テン株式会社 | 無線電力伝送装置および無線電力伝送方法 |
| JP2011010435A (ja) * | 2009-06-25 | 2011-01-13 | Fujitsu Ten Ltd | 非接触式電力供給装置および非接触式電力供給ユニット |
| EP2455253A3 (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-09-12 | Equos Research Co., Ltd. | Electric power transmission system and antenna |
-
2012
- 2012-06-07 WO PCT/JP2012/003731 patent/WO2012169197A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2012-06-07 JP JP2012551407A patent/JP5315465B2/ja active Active
-
2013
- 2013-07-05 JP JP2013141516A patent/JP5879566B2/ja active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2013243929A (ja) | 2013-12-05 |
| JP5315465B2 (ja) | 2013-10-16 |
| WO2012169197A1 (ja) | 2012-12-13 |
| JPWO2012169197A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5879566B2 (ja) | 非接触給電装置 | |
| JP5244250B1 (ja) | 給電装置 | |
| JP5423833B2 (ja) | 車両 | |
| JP4868093B2 (ja) | 車両の駐車支援装置およびそれを備える電動車両 | |
| CN104521104B (zh) | 移动式停车设备 | |
| JP6427873B2 (ja) | 駐車支援装置及びシステム | |
| CN103596800B (zh) | 具有电能存储器的机动车 | |
| JP6064229B2 (ja) | 車載用充電装置 | |
| CN103502546A (zh) | 停车设备 | |
| JP6149499B2 (ja) | 非接触給電システム | |
| US20120319644A1 (en) | Contactless charging system | |
| JPWO2010052785A1 (ja) | 車両用給電システムおよび電動車両 | |
| KR101922781B1 (ko) | 충전 장치 | |
| JPWO2011132271A1 (ja) | 車両の駐車支援装置およびそれを備える電動車両 | |
| JP2015104161A (ja) | 非接触送電装置および非接触電力伝送システム | |
| EP2919364B1 (en) | Contactless electric power supply system | |
| JP6146121B2 (ja) | 非接触給電システム | |
| JP5474470B2 (ja) | 非接触受電装置およびそれを備える電動車両 | |
| US20150137744A1 (en) | Transmitter apparatus of wireless power transmission system for charging vehicle | |
| WO2013065283A1 (ja) | 非接触充電装置 | |
| WO2012090341A1 (ja) | 非接触充電装置用電力制御装置 | |
| JP6209882B2 (ja) | 非接触給電システム及び給電装置 | |
| JP6146124B2 (ja) | 非接触給電システム及びシステム | |
| JP2012251374A (ja) | 自動車のコードレス充電器のキー内蔵型遠隔操作装置 | |
| JP2016077024A (ja) | 無接点充電装置と、そのプログラム、および無接点充電装置を搭載した自動車 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A711 | Notification of change in applicant |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A711 Effective date: 20141006 |
|
| RD02 | Notification of acceptance of power of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7422 Effective date: 20141016 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20141212 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20150819 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20150915 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20151002 |
|
| R151 | Written notification of patent or utility model registration |
Ref document number: 5879566 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R151 |
|
| S111 | Request for change of ownership or part of ownership |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313113 |
|
| S531 | Written request for registration of change of domicile |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531 |
|
| SZ03 | Written request for cancellation of trust registration |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313Z03 |
|
| R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |
|
| R350 | Written notification of registration of transfer |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350 |