JP5895566B2 - Electronic information medium, writing method, writing program, and electronic information medium issuing method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for writing program data in an IC card.

  In recent years, as the demand for flash memory is increasing, there is a tendency that flash memory is adopted in the market for IC cards instead of ROM. However, in the case of a flash memory, the IC card vendor needs to write the program (program code) that has been written in the ROM by the chip manufacturer so far into the flash memory. For this reason, there is a problem that the IC card issuance time increases in the IC card vendor. As a technique for shortening the issue time of an IC card, for example, in Patent Document 1, when issuing an IC card, a dedicated communication path is used to write issued data without being restricted by a protocol. Technology is disclosed.

  By the way, the communication protocol defined by ISO / IEC7816-3 is conventionally used for communication in an IC card. In order to shorten the IC card issuance time, a method of adopting a high-speed communication interface such as SWP (Single Wire Protocol) or USB (Universal Serial Bus) in the IC card is conceivable.

JP 2003-16404 A

  However, an IC card equipped with a high-speed communication interface such as SWP or USB is generally more expensive than an IC card adopting ISO / IEC7816-3. In addition, when using an interface such as SWP or USB, the infrastructure side such as a COT (Chip On Tape) inspection machine or issuing machine also needs to match the interface, which requires a corresponding cost. In addition, for example, in an IC card equipped with an SWP interface, the issuing machine can write issued data through the SWP interface, but the COT inspection machine must use the ISO / IEC7816-3 interface. There is. This is because, in a COT inspection machine or the like, since the IC card needs to hold an OS for operating a command used at the time of inspection, it is necessary to write a part of the code.

  On the other hand, as a method of shortening the IC card issuance time, a method of increasing the communication efficiency by reducing the amount of communication data can be considered. Specifically, it is a method of communicating issuance data having a reduced data amount by reversibly compressing the issuance data and expanding it in the memory of the IC card. As the lossless compression method, a slide dictionary type compression method (LZ method) and Huffman coding compression are known. However, when such a general-purpose compression method is simply adapted for issuance, the size of the decompression program itself written on the IC card side becomes large, resulting in an increase in communication data.

  In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an electronic information medium, a writing method, a writing program, and an electronic information medium issuing method that can shorten the issuing time more efficiently.

In order to solve the above-described problem, the invention according to claim 1 is an electronic information medium including a nonvolatile memory, and defines a correspondence relationship between an operation code indicating a predetermined instruction and compressed data obtained by compressing the operation code. First receiving means for receiving a table to be transmitted from an external communication device and a program including a plurality of the operation codes , wherein some of the operation codes having a relatively high frequency of use are included in the compressed data. A second receiving means for receiving the replaced program from the communication device; and referring to a table received by the first receiving means, the compressed data included in the program received by the second receiving means Replacement means for replacing with the operation code, and writing the program in which the compressed data is replaced with the operation code into the nonvolatile memory Characterized in that it comprises a writing means.

The invention according to claim 2, the electronic information medium according to claim 1, wherein the compressed data includes a flag indicating that the it is compressed data, be comprised of a number uniquely corresponding to the operation code It is characterized by.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the electronic information medium according to the first or second aspect , the table is received from the communication device and stored in a storage unit before the program is received. And

The invention according to claim 4 is a writing method executed by the controller in an electronic information medium including a non-volatile memory and a controller, and corresponds to an operation code indicating a predetermined instruction and compressed data obtained by compressing the operation code Receiving a table defining a relationship from an external communication device; and a program including a plurality of the operation codes , wherein a part of the operation codes having a relatively high frequency of use are included in the compressed data. Receiving the replaced program from the communication device; referring to the received table; replacing the compressed data included in the received program with the opcode; and Write the program replaced with the opcode to the nonvolatile memory Characterized in that it comprises a step, a.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a table that defines a correspondence relationship between an operation code indicating a predetermined instruction and compressed data obtained by compressing the operation code is externally provided to the controller in an electronic information medium including a nonvolatile memory and a controller. A step of receiving from a communication device; and a program including a plurality of the operation codes , wherein a part of the operation codes having a relatively high frequency of use among the plurality of operation codes is replaced with the compressed data. Receiving from the apparatus; referring to the received table; replacing the compressed data included in the received program with the opcode; and the program in which the compressed data is replaced with the opcode. Writing to the non-volatile memory. To.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the electronic information medium issuing method in the issuing system for issuing the electronic information medium, the communication device provided in the issuing system includes an operation code indicating a predetermined instruction, and compressed data obtained by compressing the operation code Are transmitted to the electronic information medium to be issued, and a part of the operation codes including the plurality of operation codes are used with a relatively high frequency of use. Transmitting the program replaced with compressed data to the electronic information medium, and the electronic information medium is included in the program received from the communication device with reference to the table received from the communication device. The program in which compressed data is replaced with the operation code, and the compressed data is replaced with the operation code Characterized in that it comprises a step of writing into the nonvolatile memory.

  According to the present invention, after the electronic information medium to be issued receives the table defining the correspondence between the operation code and the compressed data obtained by compressing the operation code from the communication device, at least a part of the plurality of operation codes is compressed data. Since the program replaced with the operation code is received and the program in which the compressed data is replaced with the operation code is written in the nonvolatile memory with reference to the table, the issue time can be shortened more efficiently.

It is a figure showing an example of outline composition of IC card issue system S. (A) is a figure which shows an example of the table for a reference, (B) is a figure which shows an example of the object code before compression and after compression. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing functional blocks in a RAM 22 and a flash memory 23 in an IC chip 2a. FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the write-in process of CPU21 in IC chip 2a.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The embodiment described below is an embodiment when the present invention is applied to an IC card issuing system.

  First, with reference to FIG. 1, the configuration and functional overview of an IC card issuing system according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration example of the IC card issuing system S. As shown in FIG. 1, the IC card issuing system S includes an IC card issuing machine 1 (an example of an external communication device) and an IC card 2 to be issued (an example of an electronic information medium).

  The IC card issuer 1 stores issuance data to be written in the nonvolatile memory of the IC card 2. The issued data includes a program composed of a plurality of object codes (hereinafter referred to as “card program”). Here, the card program is a program used for various types of information processing such as authentication processing after the IC card 2 is issued. The object code includes an operation code and an address. The operation code indicates a predetermined instruction (command), and is represented by a unique number (consisting of alphabets and numbers) for each instruction. Then, the IC card issuing machine 1 transmits issuance data to the IC card 2 in the issuing process of the IC card 2.

  The IC card 2 is used as a cash card, credit card, employee card or the like. Alternatively, the IC card 2 is incorporated in a smartphone, a mobile phone, or the like. An IC chip 2a is mounted on the IC card 2. The IC chip 2 a includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 21, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 22, a flash memory 23, and an I / O circuit 24. The flash memory 23 stores in advance a driver having instructions for performing minimum hardware control such as control of a coprocessor (Co-Processor) and a clock. When the IC chip 2a is provided with a ROM, the driver may be stored in the ROM in advance. The RAM 22 or the flash memory 23 functions as a storage unit in the present invention.

  The CPU 21 is a controller that executes various programs, and functions as a replacement unit and a writing unit in the present invention. The CPU 21 performs a writing process to the flash memory 23 by the driver. The RAM 22 is a working memory that temporarily stores data. The RAM 22 is used as a buffer when a program or data received from the IC card issuer 1 is written to the flash memory 23. The flash memory 23 is a nonvolatile memory that stores programs and data received from the IC card issuer 1. Instead of the flash memory 23, an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) may be used.

  The I / O circuit 24 serves as an interface with the IC card issuer 1 and functions as the first receiving means and the second receiving means in the present invention. The I / O circuit 24 is provided with eight terminals C1 to C8 defined by, for example, ISO / IEC7816. For example, the C1 terminal is a power supply terminal, the C2 terminal is a reset terminal, the C3 terminal is a clock terminal, the C5 terminal is a ground terminal, and the C7 terminal is a terminal that performs data communication with the IC card issuer 2.

  In the above configuration, before the IC card 2 issuance process, a card program in which at least a part of a plurality of opcodes is replaced with compressed data is created by the IC card issuer 1 or a terminal connected thereto. Is done. Here, a part of the plurality of operation codes is an operation code indicating an instruction such as a part of operation codes (mov, sub, add, jmp, etc.) having a relatively high frequency of use among the plurality of operation codes included in the card program. ). An opcode group having a relatively high use frequency is determined as follows, for example. The frequency of the operation code group is calculated by analyzing the image of the compilation result of the program, and the top 10 or so frequencies are determined as the operation code group having a relatively high use frequency. If the top 10 are totaled, for example, the frequency of use is about 50% or more of the total. You may be configured to replace all of the multiple opcodes included in the card program with compressed data, but compress the opcodes by replacing some opcodes with relatively high use frequency. It is possible to reduce the time required for the compression processing to replace with data. The compressed data is data obtained by compressing the operation code, and the data amount is smaller than that of the operation code. The compressed data includes, for example, a flag (F) indicating that the data is compressed data, and a number uniquely corresponding to the operation code. Further, in the compression processing for replacing the operation code with the compressed data, a reference table that defines the correspondence relationship between the frequently used operation code and the compressed data obtained by compressing the operation code is used. Such a reference table is created in advance by, for example, the IC card issuing machine 1 or a terminal connected thereto.

  FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a reference table. In the reference table shown in FIG. 2A, the correspondence relationship between the seven opcodes and the respective compressed data (flag and number) is defined in descending order of use frequency. The IC card issuing machine 1 or a terminal connected thereto uses such a reference table to perform the compression process by replacing the operation code of the object code that matches the operation code of the table sequence with the compressed data of the table sequence. Run. As a result, a card program in which at least a part of a plurality of operation codes (in other words, object codes) is replaced with compressed data can be created.

  FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of the object code before and after compression. In the example shown in FIG. 2B, the operation code (E92d) is not compressed because it is not used frequently, but the operation code (E3a0) is replaced with compressed data (F1) because it is used frequently. Yes.

  Next, with reference to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, an IC card 2 issuing process (issuing method) in the IC card issuing system S will be described. FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing functional blocks in the RAM 22 and the flash memory 23 in the IC chip 2a. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the writing process of the CPU 21 in the IC chip 2a.

  In the issuing process of the IC card 2 in the IC card issuing system S, after the connection between the IC card issuing machine 1 and the IC chip 2a is completed, the IC card issuing machine 1 uses the previously stored reference table and the expansion program as an IC. Transmit to chip 2a. Here, the expansion program is a program that defines a writing process for writing into the flash memory 23 by replacing the compressed data included in the card program with an operation code based on the reference table, and uses a driver, for example. Program including preparatory processing (for example, ON / OFF of a bit of a specific register, clock multiplication control, etc.).

  The communication between the IC card issuer 1 and the IC chip 2a is performed using, for example, an ISO / IEC7816-3 interface (however, an SWP interface may be used). Then, the CPU 21 of the IC chip 2a writes the reference table and the expansion program received from the IC card issuer 1 by the I / O circuit 24 in the flash memory 23 as shown in FIG. Thus, the reference table and the expansion program are received from the IC card issuer 1 and stored in the flash memory 23 before the card program is received by the IC chip 2a.

  Then, when the reference table and the expansion program are stored in the flash memory 23, the IC card issuing machine 1 starts transmitting the card program, and the CPU 21 of the IC chip 2a in FIG. The process shown is started. Note that the IC card issuer 1 transmits the card program to the IC chip 2a by dividing it into predetermined communication sizes (data amounts). This communication size is, for example, the capacity of the work area provided in the RAM 22.

  In step S1 shown in FIG. 4, the CPU 21 of the IC chip 2a receives a part of the card program data from a UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) via the I / O circuit 24. Next, the CPU 21 stores (copies) the received partial data of the card program in the work area of the RAM 22 (step S2).

  Next, the CPU 21 retrieves data stored in the work area of the RAM 22 and extracts a predetermined number of bytes (step S3). Next, the CPU 21 compares the extracted data with the compressed data defined in the reference table stored in the flash memory 23 (step S4), and determines whether the comparison results match (step S5). ). That is, the CPU 21 searches the extracted data using the flag (F) as a key, and determines whether the searched compressed data is defined in the reference table.

  If the CPU 21 determines that the comparison results match (step S5: YES), the CPU 21 proceeds to step S6 and executes a decompression process for decompressing the compressed data determined to match based on the reference table (step S6). Step S6). In this decompression process, the compressed data determined to match is replaced with the opcode associated with the compressed data. Next, the CPU 21 stores (copies) the data including the replaced operation code in the buffer of the RAM 22 (step S7).

  On the other hand, if it is determined in step S5 that the comparison results do not match (step S5: NO), the CPU 21 proceeds to step S7 and stores (copies) the extracted data in the buffer of the RAM 22.

  Next, the CPU 21 determines whether or not a predetermined amount of data (for example, data amount of several tens to several hundred bytes of data block (one page)) is stored (filled) in the buffer of the RAM 22 (step S8). If it is determined that a predetermined amount of data is not stored (step S8: NO), the process returns to step S3 and the same processing as described above is performed. On the other hand, when the CPU 21 determines that a predetermined amount of data has been stored in the buffer of the RAM 22 (step S8: YES), the data stored in the buffer of the RAM 22 is written into the object code writing area of the flash memory 23 (step S9). ).

  Next, the CPU 21 determines whether or not the data search has ended (step S10). If it is determined that the search has not ended (step S10: NO), the CPU 21 returns to step S3 and performs the same processing as described above. Do. On the other hand, if the CPU 21 determines that the search is complete (step S10: YES), the CPU 21 sets the continuation address of the data written in the flash memory 23 as a response to the UART and transmits it to the IC card issuer 1. (Step S11). Thereby, the IC card issuing machine 1 transmits data of the next communication size in the card program to the IC chip 2a.

  Next, the CPU 21 determines whether or not the writing of the card program in which the compressed data is replaced with the operation code to the flash memory 23 is completed (step S12). (S12: NO), the process returns to step S1 and the same processing as described above is performed. On the other hand, if the CPU 21 determines that the process has been completed (step S12: YES), the reference table and the expansion program stored in the flash memory 23 are erased from the flash memory 23 (step S13), and FIG. The processing shown in FIG.

  As described above, according to the above-described embodiment, after the IC card 2 to be issued receives the reference table that defines the correspondence between the operation code and the compressed data obtained by compressing the operation code, from the IC card issuer 1 Receiving a card program in which at least a part of a plurality of opcodes is replaced with compressed data, referring to a reference table, expanding the compressed data included in the card program, and replacing the compressed data with the opcode Since the card program is written in the flash memory 23, the issue time can be shortened more efficiently even when the ISO / IEC7816-3 interface having a low communication speed is used.

  In addition, by setting a part of the operation code having a relatively high use frequency as a replacement target, it is possible to reduce the time required for the compression processing for replacing the operation code with the compressed data. According to the example shown in FIG. 2B, the card program is compressed to about 83%. In general, in the development of IC cards, the object code is often several hundred kilobytes or more. Even with compression of about 80%, the issuance time is shortened to about 85% assuming a communication speed of 150 Kbps, an internal clock of 10 MHz, and expansion processing of 50 Clk Expected to do.

  In the above embodiment, an example in which the electronic information medium of the present invention is applied to an IC card has been described. However, the present invention can also be applied to other electronic information media including a nonvolatile memory and a controller, such as an SD card. It is. Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the example which applied the communication apparatus with which the issuing system of this invention is provided with respect to the IC card issuing machine 1 was shown, it is applicable also to an inspection machine etc.

1 IC card issuing machine 2 IC card 2a IC chip 21 CPU
22 RAM
23 Flash memory 24 I / O circuit S IC card issuing system

Claims (6)

An electronic information medium comprising a non-volatile memory,
First receiving means for receiving, from an external communication device, a table that defines a correspondence relationship between an operation code indicating a predetermined instruction and compressed data obtained by compressing the operation code;
Second receiving means for receiving, from the communication device, a program including a plurality of the operation codes , wherein the operation data in a part of the plurality of operation codes, which is relatively frequently used, is replaced with the compressed data. When,
Replacement means for referring to the table received by the first receiving means and replacing the compressed data included in the program received by the second receiving means with the opcode;
Writing means for writing the program in which the compressed data is replaced with the operation code to the nonvolatile memory;
An electronic information medium comprising: The electronic information medium according to claim 1, wherein the compressed data includes a flag indicating the compressed data and a number uniquely corresponding to the operation code. It said table, before the program is received, an electronic information medium according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is stored in to the storage means received from the communication device. A writing method executed by the controller in an electronic information medium comprising a non-volatile memory and a controller,
Receiving from an external communication device a table that defines a correspondence relationship between an operation code indicating a predetermined instruction and compressed data obtained by compressing the operation code;
Receiving from the communication device a program including a plurality of the operation codes, in which a part of the operation codes having a relatively high frequency of use among the plurality of operation codes is replaced with the compressed data;
Referring to the received table, replacing the compressed data contained in the received program with the opcode;
Writing the program in which the compressed data is replaced with the opcode to the nonvolatile memory;
A writing method comprising: In the controller in an electronic information medium comprising a nonvolatile memory and a controller,
Receiving from an external communication device a table that defines a correspondence relationship between an operation code indicating a predetermined instruction and compressed data obtained by compressing the operation code;
Receiving from the communication device a program including a plurality of the operation codes, in which a part of the operation codes having a relatively high frequency of use among the plurality of operation codes is replaced with the compressed data;
Referring to the received table, replacing the compressed data contained in the received program with the opcode;
Writing the program in which the compressed data is replaced with the opcode to the nonvolatile memory;
A writing program characterized in that In the electronic information medium issuing method in the issuing system for issuing the electronic information medium,
A communication device provided in the issuing system transmits a table defining a correspondence relationship between an operation code indicating a predetermined instruction and compressed data obtained by compressing the operation code to an electronic information medium to be issued, and then a plurality of the operation codes are transmitted. A step of transmitting to the electronic information medium the program in which a part of the operation codes that are relatively frequently used among the plurality of operation codes is replaced with the compressed data;
The electronic information medium refers to the table received from the communication device and replaces the compressed data included in the program received from the communication device with the opcode, and the compressed data is replaced with the opcode. Writing the program into a nonvolatile memory;
An electronic information medium issuing method comprising:

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