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JP5897397B2 - Electrolytic reduction device - Google Patents
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JP5897397B2 - Electrolytic reduction device - Google Patents

Electrolytic reduction device Download PDF

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JP5897397B2
JP5897397B2 JP2012101246A JP2012101246A JP5897397B2 JP 5897397 B2 JP5897397 B2 JP 5897397B2 JP 2012101246 A JP2012101246 A JP 2012101246A JP 2012101246 A JP2012101246 A JP 2012101246A JP 5897397 B2 JP5897397 B2 JP 5897397B2
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electrolytic
anode
reduction apparatus
solvent
electrolytic reduction
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JP2013227631A (en
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中村 等
等 中村
村上 一男
一男 村上
優也 高橋
優也 高橋
孝 大森
孝 大森
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Toshiba Corp
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Description

本発明は種々の金属酸化物を金属に転換するための電解還元装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an electrolytic reduction apparatus for converting various metal oxides into metals.

例えば、使用済み核燃料に含まれる金属酸化物を電解還元法によって金属に転換し回収する電解還元装置は、高温の溶融塩が満たされた電解槽と、電解槽内に設置された転換対象となる金属酸化物からなる陰極と導電性の金属等からなる陽極とからなり、この電極間に電流を流すことで陰極では金属酸化物から酸素イオンが電気化学的に分離され、陽極では酸素ガスが発生することで、陰極から転換した金属を回収している。   For example, an electrolytic reduction device that converts and recovers metal oxides contained in spent nuclear fuel into metal by electrolytic reduction is an electrolytic cell filled with a high-temperature molten salt and a conversion target installed in the electrolytic cell. It consists of a cathode made of a metal oxide and an anode made of a conductive metal. By passing a current between these electrodes, oxygen ions are electrochemically separated from the metal oxide at the cathode, and oxygen gas is generated at the anode. By doing so, the metal converted from the cathode is recovered.

このような電解還元装置において、従来、陽極として白金や炭素(カーボン)が用いられていたが、白金等の貴金属材料は高コストであり、また、炭素は電解の進行にともない損傷し、溶融塩を汚染したり、電極間の短絡を引き起こす等の課題があった。   In such an electrolytic reduction apparatus, platinum or carbon (carbon) has been conventionally used as an anode. However, noble metal materials such as platinum are expensive, and the carbon is damaged as the electrolysis progresses, and the molten salt There are problems such as contamination of the electrode and short circuit between the electrodes.

そのため、陽極としてジルコニアやBiO3等の酸素イオン導電性固体電解質を用い、陽極で発生した酸素ガスを外部に放出するために陽極の周囲に放出管を設けた電解還元装置が知られている(特許文献1)。 Therefore, an electrolytic reduction apparatus is known in which an oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte such as zirconia or BiO 3 is used as an anode, and an emission pipe is provided around the anode in order to release oxygen gas generated at the anode to the outside ( Patent Document 1).

特許第4703737号公報Japanese Patent No. 4703737

上述した従来の電解還元装置では、陽極の周囲に酸素ガスの放出管を設置しているが、陽極で発生した酸素ガスは全てが放出管から外部へ放出されるわけではなく、電解槽内の溶融塩の流動状況によって電解槽内に拡散する可能性がある。   In the above-described conventional electrolytic reduction apparatus, an oxygen gas discharge pipe is installed around the anode, but not all oxygen gas generated at the anode is released to the outside from the discharge pipe. There is a possibility of diffusion into the electrolytic cell depending on the flow state of the molten salt.

その場合、溶融塩中に拡散する酸素ガスは微細な泡沫で拡散するため一部は溶媒中に長く滞留することとなり、陰極で還元生成された金属に触れると再酸化がおこり電解還元効率が低下するという課題があった。   In that case, the oxygen gas that diffuses into the molten salt diffuses in fine bubbles, so that some of the oxygen gas stays in the solvent for a long time. There was a problem to do.

また、電解槽の溶融塩界面から放出される酸素ガスは高温であり、電解還元装置を構成する周囲の構造物はこの高温の酸素ガスと接触すると腐蝕損傷を引き起こす可能性があるため、これらの構造物の耐食性を高く維持する必要あり、そのため電解還元装置の大型化及び高コスト化を招くという課題があった。   In addition, since the oxygen gas released from the molten salt interface of the electrolytic cell is at a high temperature, and the surrounding structures constituting the electrolytic reduction device may cause corrosion damage when in contact with this high-temperature oxygen gas, these There is a problem in that the corrosion resistance of the structure needs to be maintained high, which leads to an increase in size and cost of the electrolytic reduction apparatus.

本発明は上記課題を解決するためになされたもので、電解還元効率を向上させるとともに、電解還元装置の腐蝕損傷を防止することができる電解還元装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electrolytic reduction apparatus capable of improving electrolytic reduction efficiency and preventing corrosion damage of the electrolytic reduction apparatus.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明に係る電解還元装置は、内部に電解溶媒が満たされた電解槽と、前記電解槽内に配置され内部に金属酸化物が収納された陰極容器及び筒状の多孔質体からなる陽極と、を有する電解還元装置において、前記陽極の内部に設けられた吸引管と、前記吸引管により吸引された電解溶媒と陽極で発生した酸素ガスが移送されるバッファタンクと、前記バッファタンクで脱気された電解溶媒を前記電解槽に戻す放流管、とを備え、前記陽極は、一端が前記電解溶媒中に浸漬され、他端が開口しているとともに前記電解溶媒上に突出していることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, an electrolytic reduction apparatus according to the present invention includes an electrolytic cell filled with an electrolytic solvent, a cathode container disposed in the electrolytic cell and containing a metal oxide therein, and a cylindrical shape In an electrolytic reduction apparatus having a porous body anode, a suction tube provided inside the anode, a buffer tank to which an electrolytic solvent sucked by the suction tube and oxygen gas generated at the anode are transferred And a discharge pipe for returning the electrolytic solvent deaerated in the buffer tank to the electrolytic cell, and the anode has one end immersed in the electrolytic solvent and the other end opened and the electrolytic solvent It is characterized by protruding upward .

本発明によれば、電解還元効率を向上させるとともに、電解還元装置の腐蝕損傷を防止することができる。   According to the present invention, the electrolytic reduction efficiency can be improved and the corrosion damage of the electrolytic reduction apparatus can be prevented.

第1の実施形態に係る電解還元装置の断面構成図。The cross-sectional block diagram of the electrolytic reduction apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. 第2の実施形態に係る電解還元装置の平面構成図。The plane block diagram of the electrolytic reduction apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. 第3の実施形態に係る電解還元装置の断面構成図。The cross-sectional block diagram of the electrolytic reduction apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. 第4の実施形態に係る電解還元装置の断面構成図。The cross-sectional block diagram of the electrolytic reduction apparatus which concerns on 4th Embodiment. 第5の実施形態に係る電解還元装置の断面構成図。The cross-sectional block diagram of the electrolytic reduction apparatus which concerns on 5th Embodiment.

以下、本発明に係る電解還元装置の実施形態について図面を参照して説明する。
[第1の実施の形態]
第1の実施形態に係る電解還元装置について図1を用いて説明する。
Hereinafter, embodiments of an electrolytic reduction apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[First Embodiment]
The electrolytic reduction apparatus according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

(構成)
本実施形態に係る電解還元装置は、電解槽1と、電解槽1内に満たされた溶融塩等からなる電解溶媒2と、還元対象となる金属酸化物3を保持するための陰極容器4と、燒結金属等の多孔質体で構成された陽極5と、陽極5の内部に設置され陽極5で発生した酸素ガスと電解溶媒2を吸引する吸引管6と、電解溶媒2等を吸引するための動力源となる吸引ポンプ7と、電解溶媒2中に含有する酸素ガスを脱気するためのバッファタンク8と、脱気を促進するためにバッファタンク8内を減圧するための減圧ポンプ9と、バッファタンク8から電解溶媒2を電解槽1に戻すための放流管10と、電解槽1全体を加熱するための電気炉11と、陰極容器4と陽極5に接続された電源12と、から構成される。
(Constitution)
The electrolytic reduction apparatus according to the present embodiment includes an electrolytic cell 1, an electrolytic solvent 2 made of a molten salt filled in the electrolytic cell 1, and a cathode container 4 for holding a metal oxide 3 to be reduced. In order to suck the electrolytic solvent 2 and the like, the anode 5 made of a porous material such as sintered metal, the suction pipe 6 that is installed inside the anode 5 and sucks the oxygen gas generated in the anode 5 and the electrolytic solvent 2 A vacuum pump 9 for degassing oxygen gas contained in the electrolytic solvent 2, and a vacuum pump 9 for depressurizing the buffer tank 8 to promote degassing. A discharge pipe 10 for returning the electrolytic solvent 2 from the buffer tank 8 to the electrolytic cell 1, an electric furnace 11 for heating the entire electrolytic cell 1, and a power source 12 connected to the cathode container 4 and the anode 5. Composed.

陽極5は、内部に吸引管6が挿入可能なように、吸引管6の外径よりも大きいか又は同等の内径を有する円筒状の多孔質体からなる。
また、吸引管6が電解溶媒2を吸い上げるときに陽極5の外側から内側への電解溶媒2の流れを阻害しないように、陽極5の材料として上記の燒結金属等の多孔質体が用いられるが、多孔質体の他に金属製のメッシュ、パンチメタル等の内部空間を多く有する素材を用いることができる。
The anode 5 is made of a cylindrical porous body having an inner diameter larger than or equal to the outer diameter of the suction tube 6 so that the suction tube 6 can be inserted therein.
Further, the porous material such as the sintered metal is used as the material of the anode 5 so that the flow of the electrolytic solvent 2 from the outside to the inside of the anode 5 is not obstructed when the suction pipe 6 sucks up the electrolytic solvent 2. In addition to the porous body, a material having a large internal space such as a metal mesh or punch metal can be used.

(作用)
このように構成された電解還元装置において、陰極容器4と陽極5の間に電流が流れると、陰極容器4内部の金属酸化物3の酸素は電気化学的に分離されてO2−イオンとなり陽極5に引かれて陽極5の表面で電子を与えられ酸素ガスとなる。このとき陽極5で発生する酸素ガスは陽極5の内部に挿入された吸引管6により電解溶媒2と共に吸引ポンプ7により吸引される。
(Function)
In the electrolytic reduction apparatus configured as described above, when a current flows between the cathode container 4 and the anode 5, oxygen in the metal oxide 3 inside the cathode container 4 is electrochemically separated to become O 2− ions. 5 is drawn into the surface of the anode 5 to give an electron gas. At this time, oxygen gas generated at the anode 5 is sucked by the suction pump 7 together with the electrolytic solvent 2 through the suction pipe 6 inserted into the anode 5.

これにより、陽極5で発生する酸素ガスは陽極5の外側の電解溶媒2中に拡散せずに陽極5の内部に放出され、電解溶媒2とともに吸引ポンプ7によりバッファタンク8に移送される。バッファタンク8は、内部が密閉状態で減圧可能な構造となっており、ここで移送された電解溶媒2を減圧し酸素ガス及び溶存酸素を脱気する。脱気の終了した電解溶媒2は放流管10を介して再び電解槽1内に戻される。
一方、陰極容器3内では金属酸化物3は還元され金属として回収することができる。
As a result, oxygen gas generated at the anode 5 is not diffused into the electrolytic solvent 2 outside the anode 5 but is released into the anode 5 and is transferred together with the electrolytic solvent 2 to the buffer tank 8 by the suction pump 7. The buffer tank 8 has a structure in which the inside can be depressurized and can be depressurized. The electrolytic solvent 2 transferred here is depressurized to degas oxygen gas and dissolved oxygen. The electrolytic solvent 2 that has been degassed is returned to the electrolytic cell 1 through the discharge pipe 10 again.
On the other hand, in the cathode container 3, the metal oxide 3 can be reduced and recovered as a metal.

(効果)
本実施形態によれば、円筒状の陽極5内に酸素ガス及び電解溶媒2を吸引する吸引管6を設けたことで、電解槽1内の電解溶媒2に酸素が拡散することを防止することができるため、電解還元効率を向上させることができる。また、陽極5を多孔質構造としたことで、酸素ガスの放出が促進され、かつ、陽極5の総面積も拡大するので電解還元効率がさらに向上する。
(effect)
According to the present embodiment, by providing the suction pipe 6 for sucking the oxygen gas and the electrolytic solvent 2 in the cylindrical anode 5, it is possible to prevent oxygen from diffusing into the electrolytic solvent 2 in the electrolytic cell 1. Therefore, the electrolytic reduction efficiency can be improved. Further, since the anode 5 has a porous structure, the release of oxygen gas is promoted and the total area of the anode 5 is increased, so that the electrolytic reduction efficiency is further improved.

[第2の実施の形態]
第2の実施形態に係る電解還元装置について図2を用いて説明する。なお、上記実施形態と同じ又は類似の構成には同一の符号を付し、重複説明は省略する。
[Second Embodiment]
An electrolytic reduction apparatus according to a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same or similar structure as the said embodiment, and duplication description is abbreviate | omitted.

本第2の実施形態は、陽極5を複数設置する構成としている。図2では、陰極容器4の周囲に複数の円筒状の陽極5を設置した例を図示している。図2において、各陽極5内に設置された吸引管6は円環状の配管13に接続され、配管13に接続された共通配管14に設けられた吸引ポンプ7により各陽極5内の酸素ガスと電解溶媒2が吸引され、バッファタンク8に移送される。
なお、陰極容器4及び陽極5の配置は適宜変更可能である。また、陰極容器4も複数設置してもよい。
In the second embodiment, a plurality of anodes 5 are installed. FIG. 2 shows an example in which a plurality of cylindrical anodes 5 are installed around the cathode container 4. In FIG. 2, the suction pipe 6 installed in each anode 5 is connected to an annular pipe 13, and the oxygen gas in each anode 5 is connected by a suction pump 7 provided in a common pipe 14 connected to the pipe 13. The electrolytic solvent 2 is sucked and transferred to the buffer tank 8.
In addition, arrangement | positioning of the cathode container 4 and the anode 5 can be changed suitably. A plurality of cathode containers 4 may also be installed.

本実施形態によれば、陽極5を複数配置したことで、電極面積を大きくすることができるとともに、陽極5における単位面積あたりの酸素ガス発生量を小さくすることができるため電解溶媒2への酸素拡散を小さくすることができるとともに、各陽極5で発生する酸素ガスの除去も容易となる。これにより、電解還元効率をさらに向上させることができる。   According to the present embodiment, by arranging a plurality of anodes 5, the electrode area can be increased, and the amount of oxygen gas generated per unit area in the anode 5 can be reduced, so oxygen to the electrolytic solvent 2 can be reduced. The diffusion can be reduced, and the oxygen gas generated at each anode 5 can be easily removed. Thereby, the electrolytic reduction efficiency can be further improved.

[第3の実施の形態]
第3の実施形態に係る電解還元装置について図3を用いて説明する。なお、上記実施形態と同じ又は類似の構成には同一の符号を付し、重複説明は省略する。
[Third Embodiment]
An electrolytic reduction apparatus according to a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same or similar structure as the said embodiment, and duplication description is abbreviate | omitted.

従来の電解還元装置では、陽極5で発生する酸素ガスが電解溶媒2へ拡散するために、陽極5と陰極容器4との間の距離を大きくする必要があり、電解槽1内に電極を近接して配置することができなかった。そのため、電解槽内に設置できる電極の数が限られ電解還元能力も限定されたものとなっていた。
これに対して、上記した本発明の実施形態では陽極5で発生する酸素ガスが拡散しないため、陽極5と陰極容器4を近接して配置することが可能となる。
In the conventional electrolytic reduction apparatus, since the oxygen gas generated at the anode 5 diffuses into the electrolytic solvent 2, it is necessary to increase the distance between the anode 5 and the cathode container 4. And could not be placed. Therefore, the number of electrodes that can be installed in the electrolytic cell is limited, and the electrolytic reduction ability is also limited.
On the other hand, in the above-described embodiment of the present invention, the oxygen gas generated at the anode 5 does not diffuse, so that the anode 5 and the cathode container 4 can be disposed close to each other.

本第3の実施形態では、図3に示すように、陰極容器4と陽極5を交互に近接配置した構造としている。陰極容器4と陽極5の配置構造は、例えば図3に示す配列を電解槽1内に1列乃至複数列に配置したり、図2に示す陰極容器4と陽極5を近接して配置するようにしてもよく、これ以外にも種々の配列形態が考えられる。   In the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the cathode container 4 and the anode 5 are alternately arranged in close proximity. As for the arrangement structure of the cathode container 4 and the anode 5, for example, the arrangement shown in FIG. 3 is arranged in one or a plurality of rows in the electrolytic cell 1, or the cathode container 4 and the anode 5 shown in FIG. In addition to this, various arrangement forms are conceivable.

本実施形態によれば、多数の陰極容器及び陽極を電解槽1内に近接配置することができるため、電解還元能力、還元速度及び還元効率を向上させることができるとともに、電解槽1の小型化及び低コスト化を図ることができる。   According to the present embodiment, since a large number of cathode containers and anodes can be disposed in the vicinity of the electrolytic cell 1, the electrolytic reduction capability, the reduction rate and the reduction efficiency can be improved, and the electrolytic cell 1 can be downsized. In addition, cost reduction can be achieved.

[第4の実施の形態]
第4の実施形態に係る電解還元装置について図4を用いて説明する。なお、上記実施形態と同じ又は類似の構成には同一の符号を付し、重複説明は省略する。
[Fourth Embodiment]
An electrolytic reduction apparatus according to a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same or similar structure as the said embodiment, and duplication description is abbreviate | omitted.

本第4の実施形態は、図4に示すように、複数のバッファタンク8を並列に設置した構成としている。
本実施形態によれば、一つのバッファタンク8が脱気運転中であっても他のバッファタンク8を利用することで、電解還元装置の運転を停止することなく継続して行うことができる。
In the fourth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of buffer tanks 8 are installed in parallel.
According to the present embodiment, even when one buffer tank 8 is in the deaeration operation, the operation of the electrolytic reduction apparatus can be continuously performed by using another buffer tank 8.

[第5の実施の形態]
第5の実施形態に係る電解還元装置について図5を用いて説明する。なお、上記実施形態と同じ又は類似の構成には同一の符号を付し、重複説明は省略する。
[Fifth Embodiment]
An electrolytic reduction apparatus according to a fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same or similar structure as the said embodiment, and duplication description is abbreviate | omitted.

本第5の実施形態は、密閉容器15内に複数のバッファタンク8を直列に配置した構成としている。
これにより陽極5内部の吸引管6から吸い上げられた電解溶媒2は、上段のバッファタンク8から最下段のバッファタンク8に順次流れ落ちるが、その間のバッファタンク8の滞留時間を長くすることができるため、電解溶媒2の脱気処理能力を向上させることができる。また、複雑な循環制御システムを用いることなく電解溶媒2の脱気処理を効率的に実施することが可能となる。
In the fifth embodiment, a plurality of buffer tanks 8 are arranged in series in the sealed container 15.
As a result, the electrolytic solvent 2 sucked up from the suction pipe 6 inside the anode 5 sequentially flows down from the upper buffer tank 8 to the lower buffer tank 8, but the residence time of the buffer tank 8 during that time can be increased. In addition, the degassing capacity of the electrolytic solvent 2 can be improved. In addition, it is possible to efficiently perform the deaeration treatment of the electrolytic solvent 2 without using a complicated circulation control system.

以上、本発明のいくつかの実施形態を説明したが、上述した実施形態は、例として提示したものであり、発明の範囲を限定することは意図していない。これら新規な実施形態は、その他の様々な形態で実施されることが可能であり、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、種々の省略、組み合わせ、置き換え、変更を行うことができる。これら実施形態やその変形は、発明の範囲や要旨に含まれるとともに、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明とその均等の範囲に含まれる。   As mentioned above, although some embodiment of this invention was described, embodiment mentioned above is shown as an example and is not intending limiting the range of invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, combinations, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

1…電解槽、2…電解溶媒、3…金属酸化物、4…陰極容器、5…陽極、6…吸引管、7…吸引ポンプ、8…バッファタンク、9…減圧ポンプ、10…放流管、11…電気炉、12…電源、13…配管、14…共通配管、15…密閉容器。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Electrolysis tank, 2 ... Electrolytic solvent, 3 ... Metal oxide, 4 ... Cathode container, 5 ... Anode, 6 ... Suction pipe, 7 ... Suction pump, 8 ... Buffer tank, 9 ... Decompression pump, 10 ... Release pipe, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Electric furnace, 12 ... Power supply, 13 ... Piping, 14 ... Common piping, 15 ... Airtight container.

Claims (6)

内部に電解溶媒が満たされた電解槽と、前記電解槽内に配置され内部に金属酸化物が収納された陰極容器及び筒状の多孔質体からなる陽極と、を有する電解還元装置において、
前記陽極の内部に設けられた吸引管と、前記吸引管により吸引された電解溶媒と陽極で発生した酸素ガスが移送されるバッファタンクと、前記バッファタンクで脱気された電解溶媒を前記電解槽に戻す放流管、とを備え
前記陽極は、一端が前記電解溶媒中に浸漬され、他端が開口しているとともに前記電解溶媒上に突出していることを特徴とする電解還元装置。
In an electrolytic reduction apparatus having an electrolytic cell filled with an electrolytic solvent inside, a cathode container disposed in the electrolytic cell and containing a metal oxide inside, and an anode made of a cylindrical porous body,
A suction pipe provided inside the anode, a buffer tank to which the electrolytic solvent sucked by the suction pipe and oxygen gas generated at the anode are transferred, and an electrolytic solvent degassed by the buffer tank to the electrolytic tank discharge pipe to return to, with a capital,
One end of the anode is immersed in the electrolytic solvent, and the other end is open and protrudes from the electrolytic solvent .
前記陽極を前記電解槽内に複数配置したことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電解還元装置。   The electrolytic reduction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the anodes are arranged in the electrolytic cell. 前記陽極及び前記陰極容器を前記電解槽内にそれぞれ近接して複数配置したことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電解還元装置。   The electrolytic reduction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the anodes and the cathode containers are arranged close to each other in the electrolytic cell. 前記バッファタンクを並列に複数設置したことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の電解還元装置。   The electrolytic reduction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of the buffer tanks are installed in parallel. 複数の前記バッファタンクを直列に設置するとともに、前記複数のバッファタンクを密閉容器に収容したことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の電解還元装置。   4. The electrolytic reduction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of buffer tanks are installed in series, and the plurality of buffer tanks are housed in a sealed container. 5. 前記多孔質体は多孔質焼結体、メッシュ又はパンチメタルからなることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の電解還元装置。
The electrolytic reduction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the porous body is made of a porous sintered body, a mesh, or punch metal.
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