JP5935616B2 - Crusher - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a pulverizing apparatus for pulverizing coarse powder such as wood, and particularly to a wet pulverizing apparatus.

  Efficient use of waste materials has been performed, such as developing new materials by crushing existing materials into fine powders and mixing them with other materials. For example, wood is pulverized, mixed with plastic powder, heated and pressure-molded to produce a composite material.

  Conventionally, Patent Document 1 discloses a wet pulverizer as a pulverizer.

  In the wet pulverization apparatus shown in Patent Document 1, a liquid object to be crushed is supplied to a cylindrical space, and a pulverizer is enclosed in the space, and the object to be crushed and the pulverizer are scratched by a stirrer. Then, the object to be crushed and the pulverizer collide with each other, and the object to be pulverized is pulverized.

  Further, Patent Document 2 discloses that a disaggregation raw material is generated by pulverizing waste paper fibers by mechanical treatment with a pulper or the like, and then the disaggregation raw material is washed with a cavitation jet type washing device to remove contaminants from pulp fibers. A method for producing regenerated pulp, a method for modifying pulp fiber surfaces and contaminants, and a pulp processing apparatus are disclosed which obtain a pulp having a high whiteness by peeling off the pulp.

  However, in Patent Document 1, since the object to be crushed and the pulverizer collide with each other and the object to be pulverized is pulverized, the pulverization efficiency is still poor, and the coarse and fine powders are mixed. In order to obtain a predetermined particle size, it is necessary to separate the filter by a filter or the like, which causes problems such as a complicated structure and complicated maintenance such as filter replacement.

  Moreover, in patent document 2, since the mechanical process which unravels a fiber and the cavitation process which removes a pollutant from a pulp fiber are performed by another machine and another process, processing requires time and an apparatus is large. There was a problem that it became costly.

JP-A-8-173826 WO2005 / 12632 Publication

  In view of such circumstances, the present invention provides a pulverization apparatus that can efficiently pulverize a material to be pulverized.

  The present invention relates to a pulverization section housing that liquid-tightly defines a pulverization chamber, a fixed disk that is housed in the pulverization chamber, has an upper recess, and has a fixed pulverization surface around the upper recess, and the fixed disk A feed hole for supplying a slurry-like material to be crushed, a lower concave portion formed upward, and a movable pulverizing surface formed around the lower concave portion and facing the fixed pulverizing surface A pulverizing disk, a drive motor that rotationally drives the pulverizing disk, and a high-temperature gas supply unit that supplies a gas higher in temperature than the material to be crushed so that a shock wave is generated between the fixed disk and the pulverizing disk. A crushing portion is formed between the fixed crushing surface and the moving crushing surface, and an impact force is applied to the material to be crushed by the shock wave, and a shearing force is applied in the process of passing through the crushing portion. Involved in crushing equipment It is intended.

  The present invention also relates to a pulverizing apparatus in which the high-temperature gas is steam.

  Further, the present invention relates to a pulverizing apparatus in which the high-temperature gas supply unit penetrates the fixed disk and supplies high-temperature gas to the pulverization unit from the fixed pulverization surface.

  Further, the present invention relates to a pulverizer in which the high temperature gas supply units are provided at equiangular intervals, and the transmission ranges of the shock waves generated by the high temperature gas supplied from the high temperature gas supply unit overlap each other.

  Further, in the present invention, a material chamber to be crushed is defined by the upper concave portion and the lower concave portion, and the high-temperature gas supply unit penetrates the center of the pulverizing disk from below and extends to the material to be crushed, The present invention relates to a pulverizing apparatus having a high-temperature gas ejection portion housed in a material to be crushed.

  Furthermore, the present invention generates an ultrasonic wave with respect to a discharge port formed above the bottom surface of the crushing chamber, and a material to be crushed stored between the discharge port and the bottom surface of the crushing chamber. The present invention relates to a pulverizing apparatus further comprising ultrasonic generation means.

  According to the present invention, a pulverization unit housing that fluidly defines a pulverization chamber, a fixed disk that is housed in the pulverization chamber, has an upper recess, and has a fixed pulverization surface around the upper recess, A raw material input hole that passes through the center of the fixed disk and supplies slurry-like material to be crushed, and a lower recess is formed upward, and the moving pulverization is formed around the lower recess and faces the fixed pulverization surface. A pulverizing disk having a surface, a drive motor for rotating the pulverizing disk, and a high-temperature gas supply unit for supplying a gas at a temperature higher than that of the material to be crushed so that a shock wave is generated between the fixed disk and the pulverizing disk A pulverized portion is formed between the fixed pulverized surface and the movable pulverized surface, and an impact force is applied to the material to be pulverized by the shock wave, and a shear force is generated in the process of passing through the pulverized portion. Given Two milling processes can be performed with respect to time the object to be pulverized material in crushing step of, exhibits an excellent effect that it is possible to improve the grinding efficiency.

1 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a crusher according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a principal part enlarged view which shows the crushing part of the said crushing apparatus. It is a bottom view which shows the fixed disk of the said grinding | pulverization apparatus. It is a general | schematic elevational sectional view of the grinding | pulverization apparatus which concerns on the 2nd Example of this invention.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  First, a pulverizing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a drive unit housing that houses a drive unit. A top plate of the drive unit housing 1 is a base plate 2, and a pulverization unit housing 3 is installed on the base plate 2.

  The crushing unit housing 3 defines a cylindrical space, and the space is a liquid-tight crushing chamber 4. As will be described later, the pulverization chamber 4 accommodates a fixed disk 5 and a pulverization disk 6 provided to face the fixed disk 5.

  A discharge port 7 is provided at a required position on the side wall of the pulverization unit housing 3, and a discharge pipe 8 is connected to the discharge port 7. The lower end position of the discharge port 7 is located above the seating surface of the crushing chamber 4.

  The frustoconical fixed disk 5 is fixed to the ceiling surface of the crushing chamber 4. An upper concave portion 9 having a truncated cone shape is formed on the fixed disc 5 concentrically with the fixed disc 5, and a raw material charging hole 11 extending in the vertical direction is formed at the center of the upper concave portion 9. The raw material supply hole 11 passes through the top plate of the crushing section housing 3, and a raw material supply pipe 12 is connected to the raw material supply hole 11, and the raw material supply pipe 12 is connected to a raw material supply source (not shown). Further, a horizontal ring-shaped plane is formed on the lower surface of the fixed disk 5, that is, around the upper concave portion 9, and the plane is a fixed grinding surface.

  As shown in FIG. 3, high-temperature gas supply passages 13 are formed at predetermined angular pitches at predetermined positions on the fixed grinding surface, for example, at the centers of the inner and outer diameters. The high-temperature gas supply path 13 extends in the vertical direction and penetrates the top plate of the crushing section housing 3. The high temperature gas supply path 13 is connected to a high temperature gas supply pipe 14, and the high temperature gas supply pipe 14 is connected to a high temperature gas supply source (not shown). In addition, it is preferable that the space | interval in which the said high temperature gas supply path 13 is formed is the space | interval which the transmission range of the shock wave 31 (refer FIG. 3) mentioned later overlaps. The high temperature gas supply source, the high temperature gas supply pipe 14, and the high temperature gas supply path 13 constitute a high temperature gas supply section.

  A rotating shaft 15 passing through the base plate 2 in the vertical direction is rotatably supported by the base plate 2 via a bearing 16, and the bearing portion is liquid-tightly sealed by a shaft seal 17. The rotating shaft 15 is a hollow shaft, and the axis of the rotating shaft 15 coincides with the center line of the fixed disk 5.

  At the upper end of the rotating shaft 15, the inverted frustoconical crushing disk 6 is fixed. The grinding disk 6 is concentric with the fixed disk 5, and a truncated conical lower recess 18 is formed concentrically with the rotating shaft 15 at the center, and the upper surface of the grinding disk 6, that is, around the lower recess 18. Is formed with a moving and grinding surface which is a ring-like horizontal plane. The moving pulverizing surface and the fixed pulverizing surface have the same shape.

  The upper concave portion 9 and the lower concave portion 18 define a material to be pulverized chamber 21 to which a material to be pulverized 19 described later is supplied. Further, a gap 22 is formed between the fixed pulverization surface and the moving pulverization surface, and a pulverization part is formed by the fixed pulverization surface and the movable pulverization surface.

  A lower end of the rotating shaft 15 extends into the drive unit housing 1, and a driven wheel 23 is fixed to the lower end of the rotating shaft 15.

  A drive motor 24 is provided inside the drive unit housing 1, a drive wheel 25 is provided on the drive shaft of the drive motor 24, and a belt is provided between the drive wheel 25 and the driven wheel 23. Alternatively, a power transmission member 26 such as a chain is hung. The grinding disk 6 is rotated by the drive motor 24 through the drive wheel 25, the power transmission member 26, the driven wheel 23, and the rotating shaft 15.

  Further, a control device 27 is provided in a required position inside or outside the drive unit housing 1, and the control device 27 controls the drive of the drive motor 24 so that the drive motor 24 is driven at a predetermined rotational speed. While being driven, the supply amount of the material 19 to be crushed and the supply amount of the high-temperature gas supplied from a high-temperature gas supply source (not shown) are controlled.

  Further, the fixed disk 5 may be displaced in the vertical direction, and the gap 22 may be adjustable. When the gap 22 can be adjusted, the pulverizing disk 6 may be displaced in the vertical direction.

  The drive motor 24, the control device 27, etc. constitute drive means.

  The operation of the first embodiment will be described below.

  The material 19 to be crushed is supplied from the raw material supply pipe 12, the drive motor 24 is driven, and the drive motor 24 is driven to rotate the pulverization disk 6. A material 28 such as pulp or wood pulverized to a predetermined coarse particle size is mixed with water at a relatively low temperature, for example, room temperature, and the material 19 to be pulverized is fed from the raw material supply pipe 12 to the material to be crushed. It is supplied to the pulverized material chamber 21.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a gas sufficiently hotter than the material to be crushed 19, for example, vapor 29, is supplied to the gap 22 from the high temperature gas supply pipe 14 through the high temperature gas supply path 13. The

  The to-be-ground material 19 supplied into the to-be-ground material chamber 21 extends along the wall surface of the lower recess 18 due to the centrifugal force applied by the rotation of the grinding disk 6 and the fluidity of the to-be-ground material 19 itself. And then enters the gap 22 between the fixed disk 5 and the grinding disk 6.

  The fixed disk 5 is fixed, and the grinding material 19 enters the gap 22 due to the rotation of the grinding disk 6, and shearing force is applied to the grinding material 19 in the process of passing through the gap 22. In addition, the powder 28 is pulverized by the collision between the powders 28. The material to be crushed 19 is heated by friction due to shear and collision, and further heated by the supply of the high-temperature steam 29.

  Bubbled steam 29 having a predetermined diameter, for example, 10 μm to 50 μm, is supplied from the high temperature gas supply path 13 to the material 19 to be crushed that passes through the gap 22. Since the bubbles of the vapor 29 have a small diameter, they are easily mixed in the material to be pulverized 19, and the vapor 29 mixed in the material to be pulverized 19 is instantaneously exchanged with the material to be pulverized 19 by heat exchange. It is cooled and crushed by the water pressure of the material to be crushed 19 and assimilated with the water in the material to be crushed 19.

  Further, a shock wave 31 is generated by a jet water flow generated when the steam 29 is crushed. An impact is applied to the powder 28 passing through the gap 22 by the generated shock wave 31, and the powder 28 is pulverized. Further, the material 19 to be ground is heated by heat exchange with the steam 29.

  Therefore, the material 19 to be crushed is heated by the frictional force and shearing force when being pulverized by the fixed disk 5 and the pulverizing disk 6 and heat exchange with the steam 29, and As shown in FIG. 2, the powder 28 in the material to be crushed 19 has a particle size due to the shearing force generated between the grinding disks 6, the collision between the powders 28, and the impact force of the shock wave 31. Finely pulverized into small powders.

  The generated shock wave 31 is diffused and propagated around the high temperature gas supply path 13 as shown in FIG. The shock wave 31 generated from the high-temperature gas supply path 13 and the shock wave 31 generated from the adjacent high-temperature gas supply path 13 overlap each other, and the gap 22 between the fixed disk 5 and the grinding disk 6 is overlapped. The shock wave 31 is transmitted over the entire circumference, and the shock due to the shock wave 31 is transmitted to the powder 28 passing through the gap 22 without leakage.

  Further, the vapor 29 has a shorter time until it collapses as the diameter is smaller, and the shock wave 31 is easily generated. Therefore, the diameter of the bubble-shaped vapor 29 supplied to the gap 22 is, for example, about 10 μm. Is desirable.

  The material 19 to be crushed that has passed through the gap 22 falls to the bottom of the crushing chamber 4. Here, since the lower end position of the discharge port 7 is located above the lower surface of the pulverizing unit housing 3, a pulverized material reservoir 32 having a predetermined height is formed below the pulverizing unit housing 3. It is formed.

  The pulverized material reservoir 32 at the bottom of the pulverizing chamber 4 may be subjected to ultrasonic waves from an ultrasonic generator (not shown) to generate cavitation in the pulverized material reservoir 32. The powder 28 in the material to be crushed 32 can be further finely pulverized by applying cavitation.

  Further, the material to be crushed 19 that falls to the bottom of the pulverization chamber 4 and overflows from the material to be crushed 32 flows to the discharge port 7, and the material to be crushed 19 is externally connected via the discharge pipe 8. To be discharged.

  If the powder 28 can be sufficiently finely pulverized without causing cavitation by ultrasonic waves, the lower end of the discharge port 7 is set to the same height as the lower surface of the pulverizing unit housing 3, and The material to be crushed 19 may be easily discharged.

  As described above, in the first embodiment, a shearing force is applied to the powder 28 in the material 19 to be crushed by the fixed disk 5 and the pulverizing disk 6 in the gap 22, and An impact force caused by the shock wave 31 is applied to the powder 28 by a jet water flow when the steam 29 supplied into the pulverized material 19 is crushed, so that the pulverized material 19 passes through the gap 22. In the process, two types of grinding processes can be performed. That is, two different pulverization processes can be performed by one pulverization process using one pulverizer, and the pulverization efficiency of the powder 28 can be improved. Furthermore, the pulverizing apparatus can be made compact, the cost can be reduced and the processing time can be shortened.

  The powder 28 of the material 19 to be crushed is subjected to a stable shearing force in the process of passing through the gap 22, and the shock wave 31 is transmitted over the entire circumference of the gap 22. The particle size of the powder 28 is stable. The pulverization particle size can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the gap 22, adjusting the rotational speed of the pulverizing disk 6, adjusting the supply amount of the steam 29, and the like.

  Further, it has been found that when the powder 28 in the material 19 to be ground is wood powder, the hemicellulose to which the wood powder particles are bonded softens at 150 ° C. in a moderately water-containing state. Therefore, by appropriately setting the size of the gap 22, the rotational speed of the grinding disk 6, and the supply amount of the steam 29, the temperature of the material 19 to be ground during grinding exceeds 150 ° C. Furthermore, it can be pulverized into fine powder.

  In the first embodiment, the material 19 to be pulverized is heated by the frictional force and shearing force between the fixed disk 5 and the pulverizing disk 6 and heat exchange with the steam 29. A heater may be provided on the disk 5. The material 19 to be crushed can be heated more easily by heating the fixed disk 5 with the heater.

  In the first embodiment, the high-temperature gas 29 is supplied to the gap 22 via the high-temperature gas supply path 13, and the high-temperature gas supply path 13 is entirely supplied in the process of supplying the steam 29. Heat exchange is performed between the steam 29 and the fixed disk 5. Therefore, the material 19 to be crushed can be made more efficient by insulating the high-temperature gas supply passage 13 and heating only the vicinity of the fixed pulverization surface of the fixed disk 5 by heat exchange with the steam 29. Can be heated.

  Further, it is known that fibers in the powder 28, particularly cellulose, are pulverized by applying an impact, and the vapor 29 is supplied into the material 19 to be pulverized at a temperature lower than the vapor 29. Thus, the shock wave 31 can be generated, the cellulose in the powder 28 by the shock wave 31 can be pulverized, and the pulverization of the powder 28 can be promoted.

  Further, the discharge port 7 is provided above the bottom surface of the pulverizing chamber 4, and ultrasonic waves are applied to the pulverized material reservoir 32 at the bottom of the pulverizing chamber 4 to generate cavitation in the pulverized material reservoir 32. Thus, the powder 28 can be further pulverized, and the pulverization efficiency can be further improved.

In the first embodiment, the high-temperature gas supply passage 13 is opened on the lower surface of the fixed disk 5. For example, the fixed pulverized surface of the fixed disk 5 is made of silicon carbide (SiC) or alumina ceramic (Al _2). O ₃ ) may be used as a porous material having a large number of holes formed on the surface, and the vapor 29 may be supplied from the porous material to the material 19 to be crushed.

  In the first embodiment, the vapor 29 is used as a high-temperature gas. However, it is sufficient that the shock wave 31 is generated when the vapor 29 is supplied to the material 19 to be crushed. It is also possible to use a high temperature gas. When another high-temperature gas is used, the high-temperature gas dissolves in the material to be crushed 19 and becomes substantially saturated, saturated, or supersaturated. Therefore, a slight ultrasonic wave is applied to the material to be crushed 32. Cavitation can be generated just by hitting.

  Further, instead of forming a bubble at the stage of supplying the high temperature gas from the high temperature gas supply path 13 to the gap 22, it is preliminarily formed at the stage of supplying the high temperature gas from a high temperature gas supply source (not shown). High temperature gas may be generated. As a means for generating a bubble-like high-temperature gas, for example, a fine bubble generation device as disclosed in JP 2011-97851 A may be used, or another bubble generation device may be used. In addition, when using the said fine bubble production | generation apparatus, it is desirable for the diameter of the bubble to produce | generate to be about 10 micrometers.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 4 that are the same as those in FIG. 1 are given the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted.

  In the second embodiment, a high-temperature gas generator 33 is provided at a predetermined position inside or outside the drive unit housing 1, and the high-temperature gas generator 33 is controlled by the control device 27 in the amount of generated high-temperature gas. It is like. Further, a high temperature gas supply pipe 34 extending upward is connected to the high temperature gas generator 33, and the high temperature gas supply pipe 34 passes through the hollow rotating shaft 15 and penetrates the pulverization disk 6 to be crushed material chamber. It extends into 21.

  The high temperature gas supply pipe 34 penetrates the center of the grinding disk 6, and the penetration portion of the high temperature gas supply pipe 34 through the grinding disk 6 is liquid-tight by a seal portion 35. Therefore, the high temperature gas supply pipe 34 does not prevent the grinding disk 6 from rotating, and the material 19 to be ground does not enter the gap between the high temperature gas supply pipe 34 and the grinding disk 6.

  Further, a porous body 36 as a high-temperature gas ejection part having a large number of minute holes formed on the entire surface is connected to the upper end of the high-temperature gas supply pipe 34, and is generated by the high-temperature gas generator 33. The high-temperature gas, for example, the vapor 29 is supplied to the porous body 36 through the high-temperature gas supply pipe 34. The hot gas generator 33, the hot gas supply pipe 34, and the porous body 36 constitute a hot gas supply unit.

  The vapor 29 supplied to the porous body 36 is discharged into the material to be crushed material 21 as fine bubble-shaped vapor 29 through holes on the surface of the porous body 36.

  In the second embodiment, the pulverizing disk 6 is rotated by the drive motor 24, and the pulverized material 19 in the form of a slurry, which is a mixture of the powder 28 and, for example, room temperature water, is supplied to the raw material charging hole. 11 is supplied to the material chamber 21 to be crushed.

  After the material 19 to be pulverized supplied to the material to be pulverized chamber 21 is supplied until it covers the entire surface of the porous body 36, the steam 29 generated by the high-temperature gas generator 33 passes through the porous body 36. In this way, it becomes a bubble and is supplied to the material chamber 21 to be crushed.

  The steam 29 supplied into the material to be crushed 19 is cooled by heat exchange with the material to be crushed 19 and is crushed to be assimilated with moisture in the material to be crushed 19. At the time of assimilation, heat exchange is performed between the material to be crushed 19 and the steam 29, and the material to be crushed 19 is heated.

  Further, a shock wave is generated by a jet water flow generated when the steam 29 is crushed, and an impact force is given to the powder 28 in the material 19 to be crushed by the shock wave, and the powder 28 is caused by the impact force. Is crushed.

  The material 19 to be pulverized, heated by the steam 29 and pulverized by the powder 28, rises along the inner wall of the lower recess 18 due to the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the pulverization disk 6, enters the gap 22, It is supposed to be crushed.

  In the second embodiment, the porous body 36 for supplying the steam 29 is provided in the material chamber 21 to be crushed, so that the impact force due to the shock wave and the shear force due to the rotation of the pulverization disk 6 are different from each other. It is possible to easily adjust the particle size of the powder 28 after being heated, pulverized, or the like.

  In the second embodiment, bubble-like high temperature gas may be generated at the stage of generating high temperature gas. In this case, the high-temperature gas generator 33 can be used as a fine bubble generator to generate bubble-like high-temperature gas in advance.

  Further, in the first and second embodiments, even if the material 19 to be crushed contains a large amount of moisture by holding the pulverizing section casing 3 as a pressure vessel and holding the pulverization chamber 4 at a high pressure. , A structure capable of raising the temperature to 100 ° C. or higher can be obtained.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Drive part housing | casing 3 grinding | pulverization part housing | casing 4 grinding | pulverization chamber 5 fixed disk 6 grinding | pulverization disk 7 discharge port 9 upper recessed part 11 raw material injection hole 13 high temperature gas supply path 14 high temperature gas supply pipe 18 lower recessed part 19 material to be crushed 21 material to be crushed Chamber 24 Drive motor 27 Control device 28 Powder 29 Steam 31 Shock wave 33 Hot gas generator 34 Hot gas supply pipe 36 Porous body

Claims (6)

  A pulverization unit housing that defines the pulverization chamber in a liquid-tight manner, a fixed disc that is housed in the pulverization chamber and has an upper concave portion and has a fixed pulverization surface around the upper concave portion, and passes through the center of the fixed disc A raw material charging hole for supplying a slurry-like material to be crushed, and a pulverizing disk having a lower dent facing upward and a movable pulverizing surface formed around the lower dent and facing the fixed pulverizing surface; A drive motor that rotationally drives the grinding disk, and a high-temperature gas supply unit that supplies a gas at a temperature higher than that of the material to be ground so that a shock wave is generated between the fixed disk and the grinding disk, A pulverization part is formed between a fixed pulverization surface and the moving pulverization surface, and the material to be pulverized is given an impact force by the shock wave, and a shearing force is given in the process of passing through the pulverization part. Crushing equipment .   The pulverizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature gas is steam.   The pulverization apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the high-temperature gas supply unit passes through the fixed disk and supplies high-temperature gas to the pulverization unit from the fixed pulverization surface.   The pulverization apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the high-temperature gas supply units are provided at equiangular intervals, and the transmission ranges of the shock waves generated by the high-temperature gas supplied from the high-temperature gas supply unit overlap each other.   The upper concave portion and the lower concave portion define a material to be crushed, and the high-temperature gas supply unit penetrates the center of the pulverizing disk from below and extends to the material to be crushed, The pulverizing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pulverizing apparatus has a high-temperature gas ejection portion to be accommodated.   A discharge port formed above the bottom surface of the crushing chamber; and an ultrasonic wave generating means for generating ultrasonic waves with respect to a material to be crushed stored between the discharge port and the bottom surface of the crushing chamber. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising:

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