JP5943631B2 - Ship rudder apparatus, ship equipped with the same, and method of manufacturing rudder apparatus - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a ship rudder device , a ship provided with the same , and a method for manufacturing the rudder apparatus .

  As disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, etc., a rudder of a ship is pivotally supported by a ladder horn fixed to the stern. Specifically, a metal cylindrical liner is fixed to a vertically extending bearing hole formed in the ladder horn by welding or the like, and a resin material is poured into the inner diameter hole of the cylindrical liner and cured to form a bearing bush. When the rudder shaft provided in the rudder is rotatably inserted into the bearing bush, the rudder is attached to the rudder horn so as to be rotatable around the rudder shaft. Further, Patent Document 3 discloses that the lower end of the rudder shaft fixed to the ladder horn is fitted and fixed by a cold fitting that is cooled with liquid nitrogen or the like.

  The reason why the metal cylindrical liner is interposed between the bearing hole of the rudder horn and the resin bearing bush is that the center line of the rudder horn bearing hole is determined on the hull side for the convenience of hull assembly accuracy. When there is a deviation in the front / rear / left / right direction with respect to the rudder rotation reference line, the positional relationship of the displacement is precisely measured, and the cylindrical liner is machined in accordance with this to correct the displacement. This is because the inner diameter hole of the cylindrical liner is eccentric with respect to the outer diameter surface. As a result, the bearing hole of the rudder horn, that is, the inner diameter hole of the bearing bush, is matched with the rudder rotation reference line determined on the hull side to reduce the water flow resistance due to the rudder position shift and to accurately steer Performance can be demonstrated.

JP-A-60-163798 JP-A-2005-247122 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-90493

  By the way, in order to mount the cylindrical liner in the bearing hole of the ladder horn, it is necessary to increase the inner diameter of the bearing hole by the thickness of the cylindrical liner. When calculating the strength of the rudder horn, the cylindrical liner is not recognized as a strength member. Therefore, the width (thickness) of the rudder horn must be increased to ensure a predetermined strength by increasing the inner diameter of the bearing hole. However, if it does so, the width | variety of a ladder horn will become thick with respect to the width | variety of a rudder, a level | step difference will be made between both members, a water flow will peel from the surface of a rudder at the time of navigation, and it will have a bad influence on steering performance. For this reason, the width of the rudder must be increased according to the width of the rudder horn.Thus, the width of the rudder horn and the rudder is increased, thereby increasing the water flow resistance and the ship weight, and the propulsion performance of the ship. Since the fuel consumption was deteriorated, it was difficult to put the method described in Patent Document 1 into practical use due to strength.

  In addition, a two-stage assembly process is required in which the cylindrical liner is fixed to the bearing hole of the ladder horn by welding or the like, and then a resin bearing bush is press-fitted into the inner diameter hole of the cylindrical liner by cooling and fitting. However, the construction cost was prolonged and the manufacturing cost increased, and maintenance such as rust prevention measures around the cylindrical liner of the ship was essential, and the maintenance cost increased. Furthermore, it was difficult to attach the cylindrical liner to the ladder horn attached at a high place by welding, and there was concern about the safety of the welding operator.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems , and includes a rudder device for a ship that can accurately attach a rudder to a hull with a simple and highly durable configuration that does not use a cylindrical liner. It aims at providing the manufacturing method of a ship and a rudder apparatus .

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention employs the following means.
That is, a first aspect of a ship rudder device according to the present invention includes a rudder horn fixed to the stern, a rudder supported rotatably about a rotation reference line, a bearing hole of the rudder horn, and a rudder. A bearing bush interposed between the shafts, and the bearing bush is formed by cutting an outer diameter surface thereof so that a central axis of the inner diameter hole matches the rotation reference line, the bearing bush comprises a plurality Kaiseki layer is a cylindrical core member planar fibrous material into a roll, the core material, as a laminated central axis coincides with the central axis of the inner diameter of the hole, The center axis of the outer diameter surface is decentered with respect to the lamination center axis.

  According to the above configuration, when the center line of the bearing hole of the rudder horn is deviated from the rotation reference line determined on the hull side, the center axis of the inner diameter hole of the bearing bush is set by the amount of the positional deviation. By cutting the outer diameter surface so as to be eccentric to the rotation reference line side, the position difference of the rudder horn bearing hole is corrected by the bearing bush itself instead of the metal cylindrical liner provided conventionally, and the rudder is steered. It can be accurately attached to the hull. For this reason, a cylindrical liner can be abolished.

  By eliminating the cylindrical liner, the width (thickness) of the rudder horn and rudder can be reduced by the thickness of the cylindrical liner, reducing water flow resistance during navigation and reducing the weight of the vessel, and propelling the vessel. Performance and fuel consumption can be improved. In addition, it eliminates the need to weld the cylindrical liner to the ladder horn, thereby shortening the construction period of the ship, eliminating the welding work at high places, improving the safety of the operator, and manufacturing the ship. Cost can be reduced and maintainability around the rudder axle can be improved.

Furthermore , since the inner diameter hole is formed in advance when cutting the outer diameter surface of the bearing bush, the fibers of the fiber material are not cut on the inner peripheral surface of the inner diameter hole. The end of the cut fiber material is exposed at the outer diameter surface of the bearing bush, but the outer diameter surface is press-fitted into the bearing hole of the ladder horn and does not slide against the inner peripheral surface of the bearing hole. The ends of the fiber material are not rubbed. Therefore, there is no fear that the end portion of the cut fiber material is exposed on the inner peripheral surface of the inner diameter hole, and the end portion of the fiber material is beaten by the rotating rudder shaft and peeled off. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the durability of the bearing bush.

The second aspect of the rudder device of the ship according to the present invention, in the first or second aspect, having a rotation restricting means for restricting said bearing bush is rotated within said bearing bore It is characterized by that.

  According to the above configuration, since the bearing bush is prevented from rotating in the bearing hole of the ladder horn, it is possible to prevent the rudder shaft center position from deviating from the hull.

According to a third aspect of the boat rudder apparatus of the present invention, in the second aspect, the rotation restricting means prevents the bearing bush from being pulled out from the bearing hole in the axial direction. and at least one flange member fixed to both end portions of the bearing hole, between the end face of the bearing bush, concave and convex engaging portion for restricting the rotation of the bearing bush is provided fitted with each other It is characterized by being.

  According to the above configuration, since the rotation of the bearing bush can be effectively restricted only by performing a small process on the flange member and the bearing bush that have been conventionally used for preventing the bearing bush from being pulled out, The inexpensive configuration allows the rudder to be accurately attached to the hull.

Moreover, the ship which concerns on this invention was equipped with the rudder apparatus of the aspect in any one of the said 1st to 3rd. Thus, the rudder can be accurately attached to the hull with a simple and highly durable configuration that does not use a cylindrical liner.
The ship rudder manufacturing method according to the present invention includes a rudder horn fixed to the stern, a rudder rotatably supported around a rotation reference line, and a rudder horn bearing hole and a rudder shaft. A marine rudder manufacturing method comprising an intervening bearing bush, the outer diameter surface of which is formed by cutting so that the central axis of the inner diameter hole of the bearing bush matches the rotation reference line. The bearing bush is formed by curing a core material obtained by laminating a flat fiber material into a roll shape a plurality of times, and processing the outer diameter surface thereof to form a cylindrical shape. Is formed so that the central axis of the outer diameter surface coincides with the central axis of the inner diameter hole, and the central axis of the outer diameter surface is decentered with respect to the central axis of the stack.

As described above, the steering apparatus of the vessel according to the present invention, according to the manufacturing method of the ship, and the steering apparatus including the by simple and durable structure without using the cylinder liners, the rudder with respect to the hull It can be installed accurately, and the width of the rudder horn and rudder is reduced to reduce the water flow resistance during navigation and reduce the weight of the ship, improve the propulsion performance of the ship, improve fuel efficiency, and build the ship. The construction period can be shortened, the manufacturing cost can be reduced, the safety of the ship manufacturing worker can be improved, and the maintainability around the rudder shaft can be improved.

It is a side view which shows an example of the rudder apparatus of the ship which can apply this invention. It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view which expanded the II section of FIG. FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 1. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the state before a bearing bush is fitted by the bearing hole of a ladder horn. It is a top view of a bearing bush single-piece | unit. It is a disassembled perspective view of the bearing bush and flange member which show the structure of a rotation control means. It is a cross-sectional view of a rudder showing the effect of the present invention. It is a side view which shows another example of the rudder apparatus of the ship which can apply this invention.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG.1 and FIG.8 is a side view which shows an example of the rudder apparatus 1 of the ship which can apply this invention. In this rudder device 1, a rudder 4 (ladder) is pivotally supported by a rudder horn 3 fixed to a stern of a hull 2 of a ship S by welding. The ladder horn 3 is provided with a pair of upper and lower gauges 5 and 6, and bearing holes 8 and 9 are formed in these gauges 5 and 6 in the vertical direction, respectively.

  The bearing bushes 8 and 9 are fitted with bearing bushes 11 and 12, and the rudder shafts 16 and 17 fixed to the rudder 4 with nuts 14 and 15 are inserted into the inner diameter holes of the bearing bushes 11 and 12. 4 is rotatably supported with respect to the ladder horn 3 (gauges 5 and 6). The bearing holes 8 and 9 and the rudder shafts 16 and 17 need to have their axis centers aligned with the rotation reference line CL defined on the hull 2 side. This rotation reference line CL is generally a vertical line. The rudder 4 is steered when the steering shaft 19 fixed to the upper part of the rudder 4 is turned by a steering device (not shown). In the case where the rudder 4 and the rudder shafts 16 and 17 fixed to the rudder 4 are integrated, the rudder horn 3 is also rotatably supported.

  As shown in the enlarged sectional view of FIG. 2, the rudder shaft 17 (16) is taper-fitted to the casing 4a of the rudder 4 and fastened by the nut 15 (14) described above. The rudder shaft 17 (16) is covered with a sleeve 21 made of a material that improves wear resistance and slidability. Further, the bearing bush 12 (11) fitted into the bearing hole 9 (8) of the gudgeon 6 (5) is press-fitted and fixed to the bearing hole 9 (8) by cold fitting or the like, but the bearing hole 9 (8) In order to prevent the shaft member from being pulled out in the axial direction, flange members 23 and 24, which are donut disk-shaped plates, are fixed to both ends of the bearing hole 9 (8) by welding, bolting or the like.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the bearing bushes 11 and 12 have an inner diameter hole 25 into which the rudder shafts 16 and 17 are inserted and an outer diameter surface 26, and a central axis 26 a of the outer diameter surface 26. Is eccentric with respect to the central axis 25 a of the inner diameter hole 25. For example, when the center line of the bearing holes 8 and 9 of the rudder horn 3 is deviated from the rotation reference line CL due to the assembly accuracy of the hull 2, the eccentric amount E is the amount of the positional deviation. It is set together. That is, the positional relationship of the shift of the center line of the bearing holes 8 and 9 with respect to the rotation reference line CL is precisely measured, and the bearing bushes 11 and 12 are eccentrically machined by machining in accordance with this, The bearing bushes 11 and 12 are press-fitted into the bearing holes 8 and 9 of the ladder horn 3 by cold fitting or the like in a direction in which the deviation is eliminated (offset).

  As shown in FIG. 5, the bearing bushes 11 and 12 are made by curing a core material 29 in which a planar fiber material 28 (such as a canvas) is wound in a roll shape and laminated, and an outer diameter surface 26 is processed thereon. And formed into a cylindrical shape. Here, the lamination center axis 29a of the core material 29, that is, the roll center axis of the fiber material 28 forming the core material 29 is formed so as to coincide with the center axis 25a of the inner diameter hole 25, while the outer diameter surface 26 is formed. The central axis 26a is eccentric with respect to the laminated central axis 29a by an eccentric amount E. For this reason, the end of the fiber material 28 forming the core material 29 is not exposed on the inner peripheral surface of the inner diameter hole 25.

  Even if the bearing bushes 11 and 12 processed in this way are pressed into the bearing holes 8 and 9 of the ladder horn 3 and used for a long period of time, they rotate inside the bearing holes 8 and 9. Is not allowed. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 6, the uneven | corrugated fitting part 30 is provided as a rotation control means which controls that the bearing bushes 11 and 12 rotate inside the bearing holes 8 and 9. As shown in FIG.

  The concave / convex fitting portion 30 is formed on at least one of the upper and lower end faces of the bearing bushes 11 and 12 and at least one of the flange members 23 and 24, for example, on the notch portion 31 of the bearing bushes 11 and 12. It is comprised from the protrusion part 32 which fits closely. On the contrary, the notch 31 may be provided on the inner peripheral part of the flange members 23 and 24 and the protrusion 32 may be formed on the end surfaces of the bearing bushes 11 and 12. By fitting the notch 31 and the protrusion 32, the bearing bushes 11 and 12 are restricted from rotating inside the bearing holes 8 and 9 of the ladder horn 3. As a modification, it is also conceivable that the bearing bushes 11 and 12 and the flange members 23 and 24 are fixed to each other by bolting.

  As described above, the rudder device 1 is the center axis 26 of the outer diameter surface 26 of the bearing bushes 11 and 12 that are press-fitted into the bearing holes 8 and 9 of the rudder horn 3 and pivotally support the rudder shafts 16 and 17 of the rudder 4. Is eccentric with respect to the central axis 25a of the inner diameter hole 25. For this reason, when the center lines of the bearing holes 8 and 9 of the rudder horn 3 are deviated from the rotation reference line CL defined on the hull 2 side, the bearing bushes 11 and 12 corresponding to the positional deviation. What is necessary is just to process the outer-diameter surface 26 so that the central axis 26a of the outer-diameter surface 26 may be eccentric with respect to the central axis 25a of the inner-diameter hole 25. As a result, the displacement of the bearing holes 8 and 9 of the rudder horn 3 is corrected by the bearing bushes 11 and 12 themselves instead of the metal cylindrical liner provided in the past, and the rudder 4 is attached to the hull 2 accurately. be able to. That is, the rotation reference line CL of the rudder horn 3 becomes the rotation reference line of the rudder 4, and the central axis 25a of the inner diameter hole 25 of the bearing bushes 11 and 12 matches the rotation reference line CL.

  For this reason, as shown in FIG. 7, the conventionally used cylindrical liner 35 can be eliminated, whereby the width (thickness) W of the ladder horn 3 and the rudder 4 is increased by the thickness of the cylindrical liner 35. It is possible to reduce the thickness, reduce the water flow resistance during navigation, reduce the weight of the ship, and improve the propulsion performance and fuel consumption of the ship S. In addition, the construction period of the ship S can be shortened, the manufacturing cost can be reduced, and the maintainability around the rudder shafts 16 and 17 can be improved.

The bearing bushes 11 and 12 are formed by curing a core material 29 obtained by laminating and laminating a planar fiber material 28 in a roll shape, and processing the outer diameter surface 26 to form a cylindrical shape. There is formed to laminate the center axis 29a of the core material 29 coincides with the center axis 25a of the inner diameter of the hole 25, are formed such that the center axis 26a of the outer surface 26 is eccentric to the stacking center axis 29a Yes.

  For this reason, when the outer diameter surfaces 26 of the bearing bushes 11 and 12 are cut, an inner diameter hole 25 is formed in advance, and the end portion of the fiber material 28 cut on the inner peripheral surface of the inner diameter surface 25 is formed. There is no concern that the end portion of the fiber material 28 will not be exposed and will be beaten by the rudder shafts 16 and 17 and peeled off. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the durability of the bearing bushes 11 and 12 from being lowered. Although the ends of the cut fiber material 28 are exposed at the outer diameter surfaces 26 of the bearing bushes 11 and 12, the outer diameter surface 26 is press-fitted into the bearing holes 8 and 9 of the ladder horn 3, and Since it does not slide with respect to the inner peripheral surface, the end portion of the fiber material 28 is not rubbed.

  Furthermore, since the concave / convex fitting portion 30 that restricts the bearing bushes 11 and 12 from rotating inside the bearing holes 8 and 9 is provided, the mounting position of the rudder 4 is prevented from being out of alignment with the hull 2. can do.

  The concave / convex fitting portion 30 is conventionally provided with flange members 23, fixed to both ends of the bearing holes 8, 9 in order to prevent the bearing bushes 11, 12 from being removed from the bearing holes 8, 9 in the axial direction. The protrusion 32 formed on at least one of the bearings 24 and the notch 31 formed on the end face of the bearing bushes 11 and 12 are fitted together to restrict the rotation of the bearing bushes 11 and 12. Since the flange members 23 and 24 and the bearing bushes 11 and 12 that are used from the above can be provided only by performing a small process, the rotation of the bearing bushes 11 and 12 is effectively restricted by a simple and inexpensive configuration. The rudder 4 can be accurately attached to the hull 2.

  According to the rudder device 1 configured as described above and the ship S including the rudder 1, the rudder 4 can be accurately attached to the hull 2 with a simple and highly durable configuration that does not use a cylindrical liner. The width of the rudder horn 3 and rudder 4 is reduced to reduce water flow resistance during navigation and to reduce the weight of the ship, improve the propulsion performance of the ship S, improve fuel efficiency, and shorten the construction period of the ship S. In addition, the manufacturing cost can be reduced, and the maintainability around the rudder shafts 16 and 17 can be improved to reduce the maintenance cost. And since the operation | work which welds and attaches a cylindrical liner to the ladder horn 3 becomes unnecessary, the welding operation in a high place can be abolished and an operator's safety can be improved.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the above embodiment, and can be appropriately modified or improved without departing from the gist of the present invention. The form is also included in the scope of the right of the present invention.
For example, in the above embodiment, the central axis of the outer diameter surface 26 is parallel to the central axis 25a of the inner diameter hole 25 of the bearing bushes 11 and 12, but depending on the state of attachment of the ladder horn 3 to the hull 2, The central axis 26a may be inclined with respect to the central axis 25a.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rudder apparatus 2 Ship 3 Rudder horn 4 Rudder 5, 6 Gudgeon 8, 9 Bearing hole 11, 12 Bearing bush 16, 17 Rudder shaft 23, 24 Flange member 25 Inner diameter hole 25a of bearing bush Central axis 26 of inner diameter hole Outer diameter surface 26a Center axis 28 of outer surface 28 Textile material 29 Core material 29a Core material stacking center axis 30 Concave / concave fitting (rotation restricting means)
31 Notch 32 Projection CL Rotation Reference Line E Eccentricity S between the Center Axis of the Inner Diameter Hole and the Center Axis of the Outer Diameter Surface S

Claims (5)

A rudder horn fixed to the stern, a rudder rotatably supported around a rotation reference line, and a bearing bush interposed between the rudder horn bearing hole and the rudder shaft ,
The bearing bush is formed by cutting the outer diameter surface so that the center axis of the inner diameter hole matches the rotation reference line,
The bearing bush is formed of a cylindrical core material flat fiber material is more Kaiseki layers into a roll,
The core material, As a laminated central axis coincides with the central axis of the inner diameter of the hole, the rudder device of the ship, characterized in that eccentric center axis of the outer diameter surface is relative to the laminated central axis.   The ship rudder device according to claim 1, further comprising a rotation restricting unit that restricts the bearing bush from rotating within the bearing hole. The rotation restricting means includes at least one of flange members fixed to both end portions of the bearing hole to prevent the bearing bush from being pulled out from the bearing hole in the axial direction, and an end surface of the bearing bush. ship rudder according to, in claim 2, characterized in that the uneven fitting portion fitted to restrict the rotation of the bearing bush is provided together between.   A ship provided with the rudder device according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   A rudder for a ship, comprising: a rudder horn fixed to the stern; a rudder rotatably supported around a rotation reference line; and a bearing bush interposed between the rudder horn bearing hole and the rudder shaft. A device manufacturing method comprising:
  The outer diameter surface is cut and formed so that the center axis of the inner diameter hole of the bearing bush matches the rotation reference line,
  The bearing bush is obtained by curing a core material obtained by winding a flat fiber material in a roll shape a plurality of times, and processing the outer diameter surface to form a cylindrical shape. A ship rudder apparatus characterized in that a lamination center axis is formed so as to coincide with a center axis of the inner diameter hole, and a center axis of the outer diameter surface is eccentric with respect to the lamination center axis. Method.

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