JP5950672B2 - Spring water stop method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a spring water stopping method for stopping water that springs out of an old well or a borehole.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a water stopping method in a case where underground water overflows to the bottom of an excavation due to deterioration of an aftertreatment material of an old well or a borehole in underground excavation work deeper than the groundwater level.

  In this water stopping method of Patent Document 1, first, a granular material having a size that does not flow into flowing water is filled in the outlet hole to suppress the momentum of the flowing water, and then the chemical solution is injected into the gap between the granular material to discharge the outlet hole. Occlude.

  On the other hand, in Patent Document 2-5, groundwater from other layers using a water stop packer is used to evaluate the water permeability of each water permeable layer individually in an alternating layer ground where a water permeable layer and a water impermeable layer are mixed. A pumping test method or a pumping device that is performed while blocking the inflow of water is disclosed.

  For example, Patent Document 2 discloses a water-stop packer in which a hard ring and an elastic ring are stacked and tightened with a screw to expand in the lateral direction. Patent Document 3 discloses a water stop packer using a plurality of water stop rings.

  Furthermore, Patent Document 4 discloses a waterstop body that is inflated by enclosing water or air in a rubber bag. Patent Document 5 also discloses a water-stopping packer that is inflated by injecting water into a space formed in a cylindrical shape by a flexible film body.

JP 2010-53589 A JP 2001-279654 A JP-A-7-217362 JP-A-6-108450 JP 2001-280052 A

  However, if there is a confined aquifer below the impermeable layer and the old well has reached the confined aquifer, the momentum of the water that springs up is too strong depending on the magnitude of the pressure. In some cases, the spring water cannot be stopped by the water stop method disclosed in Patent Document 1.

  In addition, when operating a deep well for lowering the groundwater level to the bottom of excavation nearby, the method of injecting the chemical solution disclosed in Patent Document 1 may cause the chemical solution to be sucked up temporarily. In this case, the deep well must be stopped, resulting in an unstable state.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a water stop method for spring water that can reliably stop water even when the spring water has a strong momentum.

  In order to achieve the above object, the spring water shutoff method of the present invention is a spring water shutoff method for shutting off the water that springs out from the vertical hole of the alternate layer ground where the permeable layer and the impermeable layer are mixed. And confirming whether the vertical hole has the required shape, or excavating the vertical hole to have the required shape, and an expansion type disposed at the position of the impermeable layer of the vertical hole. A closing device having a hollow tube having a length that reaches a hole opening of the vertical hole in which a tip packer and a plurality of intermediate packers disposed in an impermeable layer above the front packer are attached to the outer periphery. A step of closing the vertical hole with the tip packer and the intermediate packer, and a state where the uppermost intermediate packer is in close contact with the hole wall of the vertical hole, When there is a step of filling the gap between the vertical holes with a water-stopping material and when there is spring water from the upper end of the hollow tube, Characterized by comprising the step of extending said hollow tube to a height stops.

  Here, it can be set as the structure provided with the process of filling a water stop material in the said hollow tube in the state in which there is no spring from the upper end of the said hollow tube. In addition, the intermediate packer can use at least two types, a filling type packer that expands by injecting a filler from the ground, and a water swelling type packer that expands by reacting with water.

  Further, it is preferable that a conical tip bit is used in the step of excavating the vertical hole into a required shape, and the tip packer is formed into an outer shape matching the excavation shape of the tip bit. Moreover, it is preferable to press the said front end packer on the bottom face which excavated the said vertical hole in the required shape.

  In the spring water shutoff method of the present invention configured as described above, a blocking device having a hollow tube, a tip packer, and an intermediate packer is arranged in a vertical hole, and after reducing the momentum of the spring water, the hollow tube Is filled with a water-stopping material, and the upward flow of water is stopped by extending the hollow tube upward.

  In this way, since the flow of water is gradually suppressed step by step, the water can be reliably stopped even when the spring water is strong. In particular, the spring water can be reliably stopped by filling the hollow tube with a water stop material after stopping the flow of water.

  Further, by using two types of intermediate packers, a filling type packer and a water swelling type packer, a desired number of intermediate packers can be arranged to form a highly reliable closing structure. That is, the filling type packer has a high reliability of closing, but an injection hose must be provided for each packer. Therefore, a large number of filling type packers cannot be attached, but by using a water swelling type packer in combination, a necessary number of intermediate packers can be arranged at a required position corresponding to the ground change.

  Furthermore, by matching the outer shape of the tip packer with the shape of the bottom surface excavated by the tip bit, the degree of adhesion of the tip packer to the impermeable layer can be increased. In particular, by pressing the tip packer against the water-impermeable layer, the tip packer can be embedded in the water-impermeable layer so that there are no water spots around it.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure explaining the process of the water stop method of the embodiment of this invention, Comprising: (a) is the figure which showed the process of extending a hollow pipe, (b) is the water to the upper direction in a hollow pipe (C) is the figure which showed the process which filled the grout material in the hollow tube. It is explanatory drawing which expanded and showed the front-end | tip vicinity of the obstruction | occlusion apparatus. It is the figure which showed the structure of the water swelling type packer, Comprising: (a) is sectional drawing seen in the AA arrow direction of FIG. 2, (b) is sectional drawing of the water swelling type packing packer arrange | positioned at the upper stage. is there. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure explaining the process of the water stop method of the spring of embodiment of this invention, (a) is the figure which showed the spring condition of the vertical hole, (b) is the vertical hole extended to an impermeable layer. It is the figure which showed the process of diameter excavation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure explaining the process of the water stop method of embodiment of this invention, Comprising: (a) is the figure which showed the process of installing the obstruction | occlusion device in an enlarged diameter part, (b) is a filling type packer. The figure which showed the process made to expand, (c) is the figure which showed the state which the water swelling type packer expanded. It is sectional drawing which showed the state by which the spring water was stopped.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The water stoppage method of the present embodiment is a method of stopping the water that springs out from the vertical holes 1 of the alternating layer ground where the water permeable layer and the water impermeable layer are mixed as shown in FIGS. .

  For example, such an alternating layer ground includes an impermeable layer G2 having a very small permeability coefficient and a permeable layer G3 having a larger permeability coefficient below the unconfined aquifer G1 as a permeable layer existing on the ground surface side. And the water-impermeable layer G4 having the same degree of water permeability as the upper water-impermeable layer G2 exists in a laminated state.

  And under the impermeable layer G4, the pressurized aquifer G5 as a permeable layer exists. Since the groundwater in the confined aquifer G5 exists under pressure, when it is connected to the atmosphere by the vertical hole 1 or the like, it may spring out as spring water.

  The vertical hole 1 includes an old well and a borehole used for ground investigation. Even if such a vertical hole 1 exists, water does not spring out if the altitude of the ground surface is higher than the pressure head of the pressure aquifer G5.

  However, as shown in FIG. 4A, when the ground is excavated by construction or the like and the flooring surface 13 is lowered to a position lower than the pressurized head, the pressurized aquifer G5 is formed from the hole 1a of the vertical hole 1. Of water will spring out. In such a case, the spring water stoppage method of this Embodiment is implemented.

  First, the pothole 12 is dug in the hole 11a of the vertical hole 1, and the rod 41 for investigating and excavating the vertical hole 1 is assembled. Then, ground investigations such as the depth of the vertical hole 1, the positions and ranges of the impermeable layers G2, G4 and the permeable layers (G1, G3, G5), and the aquifer condition are performed by survey boring, electric logging, and the like. By this ground survey, impermeable layers G2 and G4 to be used for water stoppage are selected.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 4B, the diameter-expanded excavation for expanding the shape of the vertical hole 1 so that the closing device 2 can be inserted to the depth of the impermeable layer G4 to be closed by the closing device 2 described later. I do.

  This diameter expansion excavation is performed with care so that the originally existing vertical hole 1 is at the center. For this reason, the enlarged diameter portion 11 formed by the enlarged diameter excavation is ideally a concentric circle of the vertical hole 1.

  The closing device 2 to be inserted into the enlarged diameter portion 11 includes a hollow tube 21 having a length reaching from the bottom surface 11b of the enlarged diameter portion 11 to the hole 11a, a tip packer 22 attached to the outer periphery of the hollow tube 21, and an intermediate portion. The packer (23, 23A, 24, 24A) is mainly provided.

  FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing the vicinity of the tip of the closure device 2 in an enlarged manner. The hollow tube 21 is a cylindrical tube having an outer shape slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the vertical hole 1 before expansion. The hollow tube 21 is formed by a vinyl chloride tube or the like.

  The tip packer 22 is attached to the outer periphery slightly above the tip 21 a of the hollow tube 21. The tip packer 22 is formed in a truncated cone shape that tapers downward.

  The shape of the tip packer 22 is formed in accordance with the shape of a tip bit (not shown) used for diameter-expanding excavation. That is, since the bottom surface 11b of the enlarged diameter portion 11 is excavated in the shape of the tip bit, the tip packer 22 having a shape matched to the tip bit can be used to make a close contact with the bottom surface 11b to some extent before expansion. it can.

  The tip packer 22 is manufactured by winding the water swelling tape 22 a around the outer periphery of the hollow tube 21. For example, a reverse frustoconical base portion is made of cement on the outer periphery of the hollow tube 21, and the water swelling tape 22a is wound around the outer periphery, and the upper and lower ends thereof are pressed by the fixing tapes 22b and 22b.

  The water swelling tape 22a is a material whose volume expands when it comes into contact with water. The expansion ratio and expansion speed of the water swelling tape 22a can be arbitrarily set. For example, the expansion ratio and the expansion speed can be set depending on the quality of the groundwater. Further, the thickness and shape of the water swelling tape 22a can be set by the size of the gap with the enlarged diameter portion 11 and the like.

  Then, a filling type packer 23 as an intermediate packer is attached above the tip packer 22. The filling type packer 23 is mainly constituted by a bag body 23a formed of a woven fabric or a nonwoven fabric, and an injection hose 23b for injecting a filler into the bag body 23a.

  The bag body 23 a is attached so as to cover the hollow tube 21. Further, the tip of the injection hose 23b is inserted into the inner space of the bag body 23a. The lower end of the bag body 23 a is fixed to the outer periphery of the hollow tube 21 in a state where there is a slack that allows the bag body 23 a to be in close contact with the hole wall of the enlarged diameter portion 11 when expanded.

  As a filler to be injected into the bag body 23a, for example, a grout material can be used. When a fluid grout material is filled in the bag body 23a by the injection hose 23b, the bag body 23a expands until it is pressed against the hole wall of the enlarged diameter portion 11.

  Further, since the bag body 23a is formed of a woven or non-woven material that is permeable to water, the moisture in the grout material is discharged and the cement remains in the bag body 23a, and the cement is hardened. It is possible to maintain an expanded shape with almost no contraction.

  On the other hand, the water-swelling type packer 24 attached above the filling type packer 23 is formed in a columnar shape using substantially the same material as the tip packer 22. FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of the water swelling type packer 24 shown in FIG.

  Here, an injection hose 23 b of the filling type packer 23 is piped along the hollow tube 21 at a position where the water swelling type packer 24 is attached. Therefore, a cylindrical cement portion 24c that covers the outer periphery of the hollow tube 21 and the injection hose 23b is formed.

  The outer shape of the cement portion 24 c is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the enlarged diameter portion 11. And the water swelling tape 24a is wound around the outer periphery of the cement part 24c, and an upper end and a lower end are fastened with the fixing tapes 24b and 24b.

  FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of a water swelling type packer 24A attached above a filling type packer 23A described later. The water swelling type packer 24A covers the two injection hoses 23b and 23c.

  Such a closing device 2 is inserted into the enlarged diameter portion 11 of the longitudinal hole 1 as shown in FIG. 1, 5, and 6, the occlusion device 2 is schematically illustrated. Two water-swelling type packers 24, 24 are attached to the closing device 2 with a space above the water-swelling type packer 24 described in FIG.

  Further, a filling type packer 23A is attached so as to be disposed in the impermeable layer G2 above the permeable layer G3. Since this filling type packer 23A has the same configuration as the filling type packer 23 except that it covers the injection hose 23b of the lower filling type packer 23, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

  Further, three water-swelling type packers 24A, 24A, and 24A are attached above the filling type packer 23A. The water-swelling packer 24A has the same configuration as the lower water-swelling packer 24 except that it covers the two injection hoses 23b and 23c of the upper and lower filling-type packers 23 and 23A. Omitted.

  The front end packer 22, the filling type packers 23 and 23A, and the water swelling type packers 24 and 24A of the closing device 2 are arranged in the range of the impermeable layer G4 and the impermeable layer G2.

  In this embodiment, since the closing device 2 is installed on the ground where the permeable layer G3 exists between the impermeable layers G2 and G4, the filling type packer 23, the water swelling type packers 24, 24, 24, and the filling type Although two sets of intermediate packers of the packer 23A and the water swelling type packers 24A, 24A, 24A are arranged, the present invention is not limited to this, and the number of intermediate packers can be adjusted according to the ground.

  On the other hand, the closing device 2 inserted into the enlarged diameter portion 11 presses the tip packer 22 against the bottom surface 11b of the enlarged diameter portion 11 as shown in FIG. Since the water-swelling tape 22a expands due to the moisture around the tip packer 22 that is in close contact with the bottom surface 11b, the tip packer 22 is in close contact with the hole wall more than it is pressed, and the gap between the hole wall and the tip packer 22 is eliminated. be able to.

  In addition, the groundwater in the pressurized state of the pressurized aquifer G5 flows from the tip 21a of the hollow tube 21 and rises toward the hole portion 21b. Therefore, the horizontal pipe 25 is connected to the hole portion 21b of the hollow pipe 21, and drainage using the horizontal pipe 25 is performed.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), injection hoses 23b and 23c are connected to a filling pump 23d installed on the flooring surface 13 on the ground, and fillers such as cement are individually supplied to the filling type packers 23 and 23A. Inject and inflate.

  Thus, the filling-type packers 23 and 23A that are expanded by filling with the filler can reliably be expanded until they are in close contact with the hole wall by controlling the injection pressure and the injection amount, so that the reliability is high. The lower filling mold packer 23 mainly suppresses the flow of water rising out of the tip packer 22 and the upper filling mold packer 23A mainly suppresses the flow of water that has entered the enlarged diameter portion 11 from the water permeable layer G3.

  Further, when the closing device 2 is disposed in the enlarged diameter portion 11 for a while, the water swelling tape 24a expands due to the water around the water swelling type packers 24, 24A, and the water swelling type as shown in FIG. 5 (c). The packers 24 and 24A are in close contact with the hole wall.

  At this stage, the water of the strong pressure-bearing aquifer G5 is drained by the hollow tube 21, and the water shielding in the impermeable layers G2 and G4 is performed by the tip packer 22, the filling packers 23 and 23A, and the water swelling. Since the state is performed by the mold packers 24 and 24A, the water in the enlarged diameter portion 11 above the uppermost water-swollen mold packer 24A stays.

  Therefore, the expanded portion 11 above the uppermost water-swelling type packer 24A is filled with a grout material 3A as a water stop material to fill the gap between the hollow tube 21 and the hole wall of the expanded portion 11.

  As a result, the space between the hollow tube 21 and the hole wall of the enlarged diameter portion 11 is blocked over the entire length of the enlarged diameter portion 11. In addition, since the grout material 3A hardly penetrates into the unconfined aquifer G1, even if the deep well is operated nearby to make the groundwater level lower than the flooring surface 13, it is moved as it is. You can continue.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 1A, presser concrete 31 is driven into the pot 12 and the scaffold 4 is assembled thereabove. Using this scaffold 4, the extension tube 26 is extended above the hole portion 21 b of the hollow tube 21.

  Further, the valve 25a of the horizontal pipe 25 is closed to stop the drainage by the horizontal pipe 25. As shown in FIG. 1B, the extension pipe 26 extends until it reaches the height of the pressurized head 26a of the pressurized aquifer G5. Thus, if the extension pipe 26 extends to a position higher than the pressurized head 26a, the groundwater is in an equilibrium state and the upward flow of the groundwater in the hollow pipe 21 is stopped, and there is no spring water. .

  Subsequently, the hollow tube 21 is filled with a grout material 3B as a water stop material. The grout material 3B is filled up to the lower end 1b of the vertical hole 1. It is also possible to fill the grout material 3 </ b> B only inside the hollow tube 21 by closing the tip or the middle of the hollow tube 21.

  FIG. 6 shows a state where the grout material 3B is cured and a water stop structure is completed. Here, the extension pipe 26 above the scaffold 4 and the flooring surface 13 is removed. If the grout material 3B is filled in this way, the water in the pressurized aquifer G5 does not rise again through the path of the hollow tube 21.

  Further, even if there is water flowing into the enlarged diameter portion 11, the tip packer 22, the filling type packer 23, the three-stage water swelling type packers 24, 24, 24, the filling type packer 23A, the three stage water swelling type packer 24A. , 24A, 24A and the grout material 3A are prevented from rising, so that water does not spring out from the hole 11a of the enlarged diameter portion 11 again.

  In the spring water shutoff method of the present embodiment configured as described above, the closing device 2 having the hollow tube 21, the tip packer 22, and the intermediate packers (23, 23 A, 24, 24 A) is replaced with the vertical hole 1. After disposing in the enlarged diameter portion 11 and concentrating the flow of spring water on the hollow tube 21 to reduce the force of the surrounding flow, the grout material 3A is filled around the hollow tube 21. Then, by extending the extension pipe 26 and extending the hollow pipe 21 upward, the groundwater is brought into an equilibrium state and the upward flow of water is stopped.

  In this way, since the flow of water is gradually suppressed step by step, the water can be reliably stopped even when the spring water is strong. In particular, by filling the grout material 3B in the hollow tube 21 after stopping the water flow, the spring water can be reliably stopped with a long-term stable structure.

  Further, by using two types of intermediate packers of the filling type packers 23 and 23A and the water swelling type packers 24 and 24A, a desired number of intermediate packers can be arranged to form a highly reliable closing structure. .

  That is, since the filling type packers 23 and 23A are inflated by injecting the filler from the ground, the filling condition can be grasped on the ground by the injection pressure, the injection amount, etc., and the reliability of the blockage is high. However, one filling hose 23b (23c) must be piped to one filling type packer 23 (23A), and the filling hose 23b, 23c is accommodated in an intermediate packer disposed above. Many can not be installed.

  On the other hand, since the water swelling type packers 24 and 24A do not require a control device for expanding the injection hose or the like, the water-swelling type packers 24 and 24A have a complicated ground where the water-impermeable layers G2 and G4 and the water-permeable layers G3 are mixed. However, the blocking performance can be improved by arranging the necessary number of water-swelling type packers 24, 24A,.

  Furthermore, the closeness of the tip packer 22 can be increased by matching the tip packer 22 with the shape of the bottom surface 11b excavated by the tip bit. In particular, by pressing the tip packer 22 against the water-impermeable layer G4, the tip packer 22 can sink into the water-impermeable layer G4 so that there is no water around it.

  The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and design changes that do not depart from the gist of the present invention are not limited to this embodiment. Included in the invention.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the hollow tube 21 is filled with the grout material 3B and the extension tube 26 is removed. However, the present invention is not limited to this. 21 does not need to be filled with the grout material 3B.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, since the to-be-pressured head 26a was large, the process which connected the extension pipe 26 to the hollow pipe 21 was implemented, However, It is not limited to this, The initial hollow pipe of the closure apparatus 2 When spring water stops within the length of 21, the process of connecting the extension pipe 26 is not necessary.

  Furthermore, in the said embodiment, although the diameter expansion part 11 was provided by diameter-expanding the vertical hole 1, it is not limited to this, The vertical hole 1 is a magnitude | size which can insert the obstruction | occlusion apparatus 2 in it. In some cases, there is no need to drill for expansion.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vertical hole 1a Hole 11 Expanded part 11a Hole 11b Bottom face 2 Closure device 21 Hollow tube 21b Hole part 22 Tip packer 22a Water swelling tape 23, 23A Filling type packer (intermediate packer)
24,24A Water swelling type packer (intermediate packer)
26 Extension pipe 26a Pressure head 3A, 3B Grout material (water stop material)
G1 unconfined aquifer (permeable layer)
G2, G4 Water-impermeable layer G3 Water-permeable layer G5 Pressure-bearing aquifer (water-permeable layer)

Claims (6)

A spring water stopping method for stopping water that springs out from a vertical hole in an alternate layer ground where a permeable layer and an impermeable layer coexist,
A step of digging to require shape before Kitateana,
Up to the hole opening of the vertical hole in which the expansion type end packer arranged at the position of the water-impermeable layer of the vertical hole and a plurality of intermediate packers arranged in the water-impermeable layer above it are attached to the outer periphery Disposing a closure device having a hollow tube of a reachable length in the longitudinal hole;
Closing the vertical hole with the tip packer and the intermediate packer;
Filling the gap between the hollow tube and the vertical hole with a water stop material in a state where the uppermost intermediate packer is in close contact with the hole wall of the vertical hole;
And a step of extending the hollow tube to a height at which the spring stops when there is spring from the upper end of the hollow tube. A spring water stopping method for stopping water that springs out from a vertical hole in an alternate layer ground where a permeable layer and an impermeable layer coexist,
Hole opening of said longitudinal bore and a plurality of intermediate packer disposed in the upper of the impermeable layer than the inflatable tip packer which will be disposed in impermeable layer is attached to the outer periphery of the front Kitateana Disposing a closure device having a hollow tube with a length reaching to the longitudinal hole;
Closing the vertical hole with the tip packer and the intermediate packer;
Filling the gap between the hollow tube and the vertical hole with a water stop material in a state where the uppermost intermediate packer is in close contact with the hole wall of the vertical hole;
And a step of extending the hollow tube to a height at which the spring stops when there is spring from the upper end of the hollow tube. The method for stopping spring water according to claim 1 or 2 , further comprising a step of filling the hollow tube with a water stop material in a state where there is no spring water from the upper end of the hollow tube. 4. The intermediate packer according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate packer has at least two types, a filling type packer that expands by injecting a filler from the ground and a water swelling type packer that expands by reacting with water . Spring water stopping method as described in any one of Claims . Using the conical tip bits in the step of drilling the longitudinal bore in the required shape, the tip packer of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is molded to fit contour drilling shape of the tip bit Spring water stopping method as described in any one of Claims. 6. The spring water stoppage method according to claim 5 , wherein the tip packer is pressed against a bottom surface obtained by excavating the vertical hole into a required shape.