JP5956801B2 - building - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a building, and more particularly to a building having a countermeasure structure for reducing damage when a tsunami occurs, particularly for use as a tsunami evacuation building that is an emergency evacuation facility used in the event of a tsunami. For suitable buildings.

  Conventionally, as an emergency evacuation facility, a building having an outer wall set in a curved shape such as a circle or an ellipse that curves convexly in a direction in which a tsunami strikes has been proposed (see Patent Document 1 below). In this building, the curved shape of the outer wall contributes to the reduction of the magnitude of the tsunami load exerted on the building frame of the building, and the possibility of collapse, collapse, etc. of the building due to the tsunami.

JP 2006-132280 A

  An object of the present invention is to make it possible to reduce the magnitude of a tsunami load exerted on a building frame of a building from a different aspect from the conventional one.

  The building according to the present invention includes an outer wall, an opening provided on the outer wall, which is separate from the door opening and the window opening, and a closing member attached to the outer wall and releasably closing the opening.

  According to the present invention, the opening of the outer wall is normally closed during use of the building, and the opening is opened when an emergency tsunami occurs. The opening can be opened by moving the closing member to release the opening. In the building according to the present invention, when a tsunami approaches the building, a part of the tsunami that hits the outer wall flows into the building, that is, indoors through the opening. As a result, the outer wall is free from the load of the tsunami load that would have been received if the tsunami did not flow into the room, and the building frame of the building received the load of the tsunami load through the outer wall. Get away. As a result, the occurrence of collapse or collapse of the building due to the tsunami is suppressed. Therefore, in the construction of this building, it is possible to apply a smaller tsunami load for design, thereby making it possible to make the structural cross-sectional dimension of the constructed building smaller.

  The building may further include an inner wall similar to the outer wall. That is, an inner wall having an opening that allows a tsunami that has flowed into the building through the opening of the outer wall and a closing member that is attached to the inner wall and releasably closes the opening of the inner wall can be provided. .

  According to this, the tsunami that has flowed into the building through the opening in the outer wall can be further passed through the opening in the inner wall, thereby causing the building to bear when the tsunami is blocked by the inner wall. The magnitude of the force can be further reduced.

  The closing member of the outer wall is moved using a tsunami load received by the closing member as a source of force or a power source installed in the building as a source of force, thereby releasing the closing of the opening.

  Similarly to the closing member on the outer wall, the closing member on the inner wall is moved using a tsunami load received by the closing member on the inner wall or a power source installed in the building as a source of force. The occlusion can be released.

  Several examples of closing members for opening the outer wall will be described below. For example, the closing member includes a plate-like main body that fits into the opening of the outer wall, and plate-like upper and lower portions that are respectively connected to the upper and lower edges of the main body and that face the outer wall on the outdoor side and indoor side, respectively. Including. The upper part and the lower part are each fixed to the outer wall by a bolt and nut assembly, and have a smaller thickness than the main body. When the main body receives a tsunami load having a predetermined magnitude and the boundary between the main body and the upper part and the lower part breaks or the bolt and nut assembly breaks, the main body Fall off.

  In another example, the closing member is a plate having a height smaller than the height of the opening of the outer wall, and the opening is between the upper edge of the opening and the upper edge of the plate. A plate body fitted into the opening so that there is a gap, and the plate body that is attached to the outer wall is held in the opening at the lower part and the upper part thereof, and when the plate body rises in the opening And holding means for releasing the holding at the lower portion of the plate. When the plate body is lifted in the opening due to a predetermined buoyant force caused by a tsunami, the plate body is removed from the opening indoors by releasing the holding action of the holding means.

  Further, the closing member of another example includes a plate body fitted into the opening, and holding means attached to the outer wall and capable of holding the plate body in the opening at the lower part and the upper part thereof. When the plate body is bent indoors in response to a predetermined tsunami load of a predetermined size, the plate body falls off indoors from the opening by releasing the holding action of the holding means.

  Furthermore, the closing member of another example is a louver disposed in the opening of the outer wall, and includes a louver having a plurality of blades that can open and close the opening, and the louver has a predetermined size. When receiving a tsunami load, the slat operates from a state of closing the opening to a state of opening.

It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows an example of the structure of the outer wall of the building which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows another example of the structure of the outer wall of the building which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows another example of the structure of the outer wall of the building which concerns on this invention. (A) is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows an example of the structure of the outer wall of a building . (B) shows the state where the blockage of the opening of the outer wall shown in (a) is released.

  Referring to FIG. 1, a building 10 according to the present invention is partially shown.

  The building 10 includes an outer wall 12 having an opening 14 provided for the purpose of reducing damage to the building 10 caused by the occurrence of a tsunami and a closing member 16 for releasably closing the opening, preferably reinforced concrete or It consists of a high-rise building made of steel and reinforced concrete. In the figure, reference numerals 18, 20 and 22 denote a floor slab in the first floor portion (first layer portion) of the building 10, a floor slab in the second floor portion (second layer portion), and the ground on which the building 10 is located.

  As described above, the opening 14 and the closing member 16 of the outer wall 12 are provided for the purpose of reducing damage to the building 10 due to the occurrence of the tsunami t. For this purpose, the opening 14 is provided separately from an entrance opening (not shown) or a window opening (not shown) provided in the outer wall 12.

  The opening 14 of the outer wall 12 is normally closed by the closing member 16, and is opened by the releasing operation of the closing member 16 when a tsunami t is generated. The opening 14 placed in the open state functions to allow the inflow of a part of the tsunami t impinging toward the building 10 and hitting the outer wall 12 into the room. By this function, the size of the surface area of the outer wall 12 against which the tsunami t hits is substantially reduced. As a result, it is possible to reduce the resistance against the tsunami load that the outer wall 12 and therefore the frame of the building 10 that supports the outer wall 12 should bear, thereby causing damage to the frame of the building 10 and the accompanying inclination, collapse, etc. of the building 10. Occurrence can be prevented.

  The shape, quantity, formation location, and the like of the opening 14 of the outer wall 12 are arbitrarily selected according to the purpose of forming the opening 14. In the illustrated example, the opening 14 has a rectangular shape and is provided on the first floor portion of the building 10.

  As long as no tsunami t is generated, the opening 14 is placed in a state of being closed by the closing member 16, and during this time, the room provided with the opening 14 is used as a living space or a space for any other purpose. Can be used. In addition, as described above, since the room is an inflow space of the tsunami t when the tsunami t occurs, the occupant or the person who has evacuated to the building 10 releases the closed state of the opening 14. In the meantime, a staircase (not shown) provided indoors and outdoors can be used to move to a room on the upper floor where no opening 14 is provided.

  The building 10 is also preferably an opening (not shown) similar to the opening 14 provided in the outer wall 12 and is releasably closed by a closing member (not shown) similar to the closing member 16. An arbitrary inner wall (not shown) that partitions the indoor space of the building 10 is provided. More preferably, the inner wall is parallel to the outer wall 12, so that the opening in the inner wall is opposite the opening 14 in the outer wall 12. The opening of the inner wall allows passage of a part of the tsunami t that has flowed indoors through the opening 14 of the outer wall 12. This contributes to the reduction of the tsunami load received by the inner wall as well as the opening 14 of the outer wall 12 and the avoidance of the accompanying damage, inclination, collapse, etc. of the frame of the building 10.

  1 to 4, a plurality of examples of a closing member 16 that releasably closes the opening 14 of the outer wall 12 are shown.

  1 includes a plate-like main body 24 that fits into the opening 14, and plate-like upper portions that are respectively connected to the upper and lower edges of the main body 24 and that face the outer wall 12 on the outdoor side and the indoor side. 26 and a lower portion 28, each of the upper portion 26 and the lower portion 28 having a thickness dimension smaller than that of the main body 24.

  More specifically, the plate-like lower portion 28 has a generally bowl-shaped longitudinal cross-sectional shape, and one piece thereof extends from the main body 24 toward the inside of the building 10 and the other piece thereof is the outer wall 12. It is opposed from the indoor to the outdoor. Here, the plate-like upper portion 26 is fixed to the outer wall 14 by a plurality of bolt and nut assemblies 30 penetrating the upper portion and the outer wall 14. The plate-like lower portion 28 is fixed to the outer wall 14 by a plurality of bolt and nut assemblies 32 that penetrate the other piece of the lower portion and the outer wall 14. Fillers such as plastic and rubber may be injected into the gap formed between the upper edge of the opening 14 and the main body 24 and the gap generated between the lower edge of the opening 14 and the main body 24. desirable.

  The closing member 16 of this example has a boundary between the main body 24 and the upper portion 26 or the main body 24 when the main body 24 receives a tsunami load of a predetermined size (acceleration, pressure, etc. of the tsunami t). And the material is selected such that the bolt assembly 30 in the upper portion 26 or the bolt and nut assembly 32 in the lower portion 28 breaks. The strength of the closing member 16, bolt and nut assemblies 30, 32 is set. The forming material of the closing member 16 can be arbitrarily selected from, for example, concrete, mortar, lightweight cellular concrete (ALC), steel, resin, and the like in each example shown in FIGS.

  According to this example of the closing member 16, when the closing member 16 receives the tsunami load, the breakage occurs at the boundary between the main body 24 and the upper portion 26 and at the boundary between the main body 24 and the lower portion 28. The main body 24 that continues to receive the action of the tsunami load falls out of the opening 14 indoors. As a result, the closing of the opening 14 by the closing member 16 is released, the opening 14 is opened, and a part of the tsunami t flows indoors through the opening 14.

  Next, referring to FIG. 2, the closing member 16 has a height dimension that is smaller than the height dimension of the opening 14 and a thickness 33 that is slightly smaller than the thickness dimension of the outer wall 12. The plate body 33 fitted into the opening 14 such that a gap s exists between the upper edge of the opening and the upper edge of the plate body 33 in the opening 14, and the upper edge of the opening 14 attached to the outer wall 12 and Holding means for holding the plate 33 in the opening 14 at the lower edge thereof.

  More specifically, the plate 33 has a lateral length substantially the same as the lateral length (horizontal length) of the opening 14 and the longitudinal length (vertical length) of the opening 14. Has a smaller vertical length. The holding means includes two pairs of upper and lower holding plates 34 and 36 fixed to the outdoor surface and the indoor surface of the outer wall 12, and the pair of lower holding plates 34 are formed from below the lower edge of the opening 14 of the outer wall 12. The pair of upper holding plates 36 extend upward from the upper edge of the opening 14 of the outer wall 12 and extend downward from the upper edge.

  The lower holding plates 34 and the upper holding plates 36 sandwich the upper and lower portions of the plate 33 and hold the plate 33 in the opening 14. More specifically, the lower holding plates 34 are set such that the dimension (rising dimension) from the lower edge of the opening 14 to the upper ends of the holding plates 34 is smaller than the vertical length of the gap s. . Further, the upper holding plates 36 are set such that the dimension (hanging dimension) from the upper edge of the opening 14 to the lower ends of both holding plates 36 is larger than the vertical length of the gap s. According to this, the plate 33 can be moved in the vertical direction in the opening 14, and when the plate 33 rises in the opening 14 beyond the sagging dimension, both holding plates for the lower part of the plate 33 The holding action of 34 is released. Therefore, by tilting the plate 33 to the indoor side, it can be moved from the inside of the opening 14 to the outside (indoor).

  According to this, the buoyancy of the tsunami t exerted on the plate 33 is used to raise the plate 33 in the opening 14 and close the plate (see arrow 38). The plate 33 can be dropped from the opening 14 into the indoor space by using the tsunami load exerted. As a result, the opening 14 is fully opened. In order to increase the buoyancy with respect to the plate 33, for example, one or more floats 40 are attached to the plate 33 outside the building 10, or one or more floats (not shown) inside the plate 33. Can be arranged. The float 40 can be attached with a sensor that detects a tsunami and generates a detection signal.

  Next, referring to FIG. 3, the closing member 16 according to this example includes a plate body 37 fitted into the opening 14. The plate body 37 is held in the opening 14 at the lower end portion and the upper end portion thereof by holding means comprising two pairs of holding plates 34 and 36 similar to those shown in FIG.

  In this example, the plate body 37 bends indoors when receiving a tsunami load having a predetermined size, and the holding action of the plates 34 and 36 is released as the bend increases. As a result, the plate body 37 is dropped from the opening 14 to the indoor side. A part of the tsunami t flows into the room through the opening 14 whose occlusion is released by the dropping of the plate body 37.

  Finally, referring to FIG. 4, a closure member 16 comprising a louver disposed within the opening 14 is shown. The louver has a plurality of blades 44 that can open and close the opening 14, and when the louver receives a tsunami load of a predetermined size, the blades 44 are opened from a state of closing the opening 14. Operate in a state to do.

  The illustrated louver includes a plurality of rods 42 that extend in the vertical direction and are spaced apart from each other in the opening 14 in the horizontal direction and supported on the outer wall 12 via a support member (not shown) so as to move up and down. The plurality of slats 44 are arranged in multiple stages in the opening 14 in the vertical direction, and can swing around an axis extending in the opening 14 in the horizontal direction (the lateral direction of the opening 14) by the rod 42. It is supported and extends in the horizontal direction (the lateral direction of the opening 14). The openings 14 are closed when the vertically adjacent blades 44 partially overlap each other (the state shown in FIG. 4A), and each blade 44 is swung around the axis. By releasing the partial overlap between the adjacent blades 44, the opening 14 is released from being closed and placed in an open state (the state shown in FIG. 4B). In the illustrated example, at this time, the rod 42 moves in the direction of the arrow 46 and hits the outer wall 12. Due to the abutment of the rod 42 against the outer wall 12, further swinging of the slat 44 is limited.

  The swaying of each slat 44 can generate the tsunami load on the louver in the closed state as a power source. The swaying of the slat 44 can be performed by any power means such as a motor installed in the building 10 manually or mechanically by remote control instead of using the power source as the tsunami load. Can be generated by actuating (not shown). The operation of the power means can be performed, for example, by sending a control signal to the power means from an administrator room provided in the building 10. Further, a tsunami detection buoy (not shown) that detects the occurrence of a tsunami and transmits the signal can be attached to the outer wall 12. According to this, the wing plate 44 can be swung manually or automatically by receiving the detection signal from the tsunami detection buoy. The closing member 16 that does not use the tsunami load as a power source can be configured by means other than the louver.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Building 12 Outer wall 14 Opening 16 Closure member 24,26,28 Plate-shaped main body which comprises closure member, upper part and lower part 30,32 Bolt nut assembly 33,37 Plate body 34,36 Plate holding plate (holding means) )
44 Wings

Claims (4)

The outer wall,
An opening provided on the outer wall, separate from the entrance opening and the window opening;
A closing member attached to the outer wall and releasably closing the opening ;
The closing member includes: a plate-like main body that fits into the opening of the outer wall; and plate-like upper and lower portions that are respectively connected to the upper and lower edges of the main body and that face the outer wall on the outdoor side and the indoor side, respectively. Including
The upper part and the lower part are each fixed to the outer wall by a bolt and nut assembly, and have a smaller thickness dimension than the main body,
When the main body receives a tsunami load having a predetermined magnitude and the boundary between the main body and the upper part and the lower part breaks or the bolt and nut assembly breaks, the main body A building that falls off . The outer wall,
An opening provided on the outer wall, separate from the entrance opening and the window opening;
A closing member attached to the outer wall and releasably closing the opening;
The closing member is a plate body having a height dimension smaller than a height dimension of the opening of the outer wall, and the opening has a gap between the upper edge of the opening and the upper part of the plate body. A plate fitted into the outer wall, and the plate attached to the outer wall is held in the opening at the lower part and the upper part thereof, and when the plate rises in the opening, Holding means for releasing the holding,
The plate body, when the plate body receives a buoyancy of a predetermined size caused by a tsunami and rises in the opening, the holding action by the holding means is removed and the building falls off from the opening indoors. . The outer wall,
  An opening provided on the outer wall, separate from the entrance opening and the window opening;
  A closing member attached to the outer wall and releasably closing the opening;
  The closing member includes a plate body fitted into the opening, and holding means attached to the outer wall and holding the plate body in the opening at a lower part and an upper part thereof,
  The plate body is a building in which, when the plate body is subjected to a tsunami load having a predetermined size and is deflected indoors, the holding action by the holding means is removed and the opening is dropped indoors from the opening. Furthermore, with the inner wall,
An opening provided on the inner wall, which is separate from the opening for the entrance and the opening for the window,
The building according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , further comprising a closing member attached to the inner wall and releasably closing an opening of the inner wall.

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