JP5961006B2 - Wireless relay system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a wireless relay system in which a plurality of wireless communication devices arranged to form a predetermined communication route relay information.

  As an example of the wireless relay system, there is a power transmission line maintenance monitoring device described in Patent Document 1. This monitoring device arranges a slave unit that can communicate with specific low-power radio on each tower that supports the transmission line, and information on the transmission line collected by each slave unit (wire temperature, coconut snow, ground fault, (Such as a flashlight) is relayed (relayed) in turn between adjacent slave units and transmitted to the base unit.

JP-A-7-107634

  In the power transmission line maintenance monitoring apparatus of Patent Document 1, the time required for transmitting information increases as the number of wireless communication apparatuses (slave devices) to be relayed increases. However, there is a problem that highly urgent information such as power transmission failure or lightning strike is desired to be transmitted in a short time. In addition, there is a problem that even if some wireless communication devices fail, it is desired to transmit information reliably.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a wireless relay system in which a plurality of wireless communication devices arranged along a predetermined communication path can relay and transmit information in a short time. For the purpose. It is another object of the present invention to provide a wireless relay system that can relay and transmit information reliably.

In order to achieve the above object, the wireless relay system according to claim 1 is a plurality of radio relay systems arranged so as to form a predetermined communication path in a tower row on which a transmission line is constructed. A wireless relay system capable of sequentially relaying information to the next wireless communication device along the communication path, and the plurality of wireless communication devices include: Each wireless communication device is associated with an order in which the wireless communication device is arranged along the communication path from the position of the local station, and the wireless communication device is capable of wireless communication. A transfer table in which an identification number is recorded in advance, and the wireless communication device has a ground fault detector and / or a flash fault detector that outputs special information when a ground fault or a flash fault is detected. cage, when it is the case that relays該特specific information, Wireless communication device, based on the forwarding table, characterized by relayed to the another wireless communication device of a plurality number destination information including the special information along the communication path.

Wireless relay system of claim 2, A device according to claim 1, when a case of relaying the pre Kitoku specific information, the wireless communication device, most of the local station in the forwarding table The special information is relayed to the other wireless communication device that is remote.

  The wireless relay system according to claim 3 is the one according to claim 2, wherein the wireless communication device is incapable of wireless communication with the other wireless communication device farthest from the own station in the forwarding table. Sometimes, based on the forwarding table, wireless communication is attempted with the other wireless communication devices that are close to each other one by one, and the special information is relayed to the other wireless communication devices that are capable of wireless communication. To do.

A wireless relay system according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the wireless relay system according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the wireless communication device that is the source of the special information sends the special information along the communication route. It is characterized by transmitting not only in the direction but also in the opposite direction.

The wireless relay system according to claim 5 is the wireless relay system according to claim 1 , wherein the predetermined condition is when the wireless communication device cannot wirelessly communicate with the one wireless communication device. The wireless communication device attempts to wirelessly communicate with the other wireless communication devices one by one from the two stations ahead of its own station in the transfer table, and the wireless communication device to which wireless communication is enabled It is characterized by relaying information.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wireless relay system according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the wireless communication device includes a clock, a wake-up period in which transmission / reception is performed, and a sleep period in which transmission / reception is not performed. Can be intermittently repeated, and the wake-up period is started by time synchronization based on the time of the clock.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wireless relay system according to the sixth aspect , wherein the wireless communication device includes a standard radio wave receiver that receives a standard radio wave including time information. The time of the clock is corrected according to the time information received by the machine.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the wireless relay system according to the seventh aspect , wherein the wireless communication device is configured to transmit the other wireless communication by wireless communication when the standard radio wave receiver cannot receive the standard radio wave. The time information is acquired from a communication device.

The wireless relay system according to claim 9 is the wireless relay system according to claim 7 or 8 , wherein the wireless communication device includes a power storage unit that supplies power for operation, and a voltage of the power storage unit is less than a predetermined voltage. In this case, the intermittent operation is stopped, the sleep period is always entered, and only an operation for transmitting predetermined emergency information is performed.

A radio relay system according to claim 10 is the one according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein at least one of the plurality of radio communication devices is a master station connectable to an external communication line. Features.

  According to the present invention, since information can be jump-communicated to a plurality of wireless communication devices recorded in the transfer table, information can be transmitted in a short time, and even if a communication failure occurs in some wireless communication devices. Information can be transmitted reliably.

  In particular, when special information set in advance is transmitted, information can be transmitted in the shortest time by relaying to another wireless communication device farthest from the own station in the transfer table. In this case, when wireless communication with the most distant other wireless communication device is impossible due to the influence of external noise, the information may be reliably relayed by relaying the information to other wireless communication devices close to each other one by one. It can be transmitted in as short a time as possible. When this special information is detection information output from a detector such as a ground fault detector, highly urgent information can be transmitted in the shortest time. Also, when special information is output in both directions of the contact route, the special information can be spread over a wide range. For example, when multiple master stations are on the contact route, the special information is transmitted to any master station. can do.

  In addition, when a wireless communication device cannot wirelessly communicate with another wireless communication device that is one device ahead, the wireless communication devices that are adjacent to each other are relayed to the wireless communication device that is one by one sequentially from the two devices on the transfer table. Information can be reliably transmitted even in sequential communication (sequential relay relay) in which information is relayed between devices.

  When the wireless communication device performs an intermittent operation, power consumption is reduced, so that the operable period can be extended. In addition, when the wireless communication device corrects the time of the clock based on the time information received by the standard radio wave receiver, all the wireless communication devices can accurately synchronize the time, so that information can be transmitted more reliably. it can. When the wireless communication device acquires time information from another wireless communication device when the standard wave receiver cannot receive, time synchronization is possible regardless of the presence or absence of the standard wave.

  When the wireless communication device stops the intermittent operation when the voltage of the power storage unit becomes lower than the predetermined voltage, and is always in the sleep period and performs only the operation of transmitting predetermined emergency information, the power storage unit By keeping the power of the station, it is possible to make sure that the information is particularly urgent.

  When at least one of the wireless communication apparatuses is a master station connectable to an external communication line, information can be communicated to an external host station, for example, and can be used as various remote monitoring systems. In particular, when a wireless communication device is arranged on a tower line where a transmission line is installed to form a transmission line monitoring system, the tower is in a severe operating environment such as lightning, typhoon, and snow. Even if a failure occurs, information can be transmitted reliably.

It is a schematic diagram of a power transmission line monitoring system which is an example of a radio relay system to which the present invention is applied. It is a block diagram of the radio | wireless communication apparatus 1 used for the power transmission line monitoring system of FIG. 2 is a communication path from a master station to a terminal station in the transmission line monitoring system of FIG. 2 is a communication path from a terminal station to a master station in the transmission line monitoring system of FIG. It is a schematic diagram explaining the jump communication in event communication. It is a schematic diagram explaining the jump communication in event communication. It is a schematic diagram explaining the jumping communication in periodical communication. It is a communication sequence diagram explaining regular communication in intermittent operation. It is a communication sequence diagram explaining event communication in intermittent operation. It is a communication sequence diagram explaining the skip communication of the periodic communication in intermittent operation.

  Hereinafter, although the form for implementing this invention is demonstrated in detail, the scope of the present invention is not limited to these forms.

  As an example of a wireless relay system to which the present invention is applied, a schematic diagram of a power transmission line monitoring system is shown in FIG. The power transmission line monitoring system includes a plurality of wireless communication devices 1 that are respectively disposed on a plurality of steel towers 50 that construct (support) power transmission lines 51. Each wireless communication device 1 is fixedly installed near the top of the steel tower 50 where the line-of-sight distance becomes long so that the communication range is widened. As an example, the plurality of wireless communication devices 1 form a one-line communication route (network route) along the route of the power transmission line 51.

  The wireless communication device 1 is a master station, a relay station, or a terminal station according to each role.

  The wireless communication device 1 serving as a master station can be connected to an external communication line such as a mobile phone line, a fixed telephone line, an Internet line, or an optical cable line, and a host host station (not shown) outside this transmission line monitoring system. ). The communication route is formed in a single line type based on this master station. In the figure, a single-line communication path is formed on the right side of the master station, but a single-line communication path may also be formed on the left side. The communication path may be a tree type (tree type) with a branch. At least one master station is arranged in a single line type communication path, but a plurality of master stations may be arranged. Further, a master station may be arranged at the base of one tower 50 and another station such as a relay station may be arranged at the top of the tower 50. The master station is a source of periodic communication to the terminal station or a destination of periodic communication from the terminal station. Further, when receiving the periodic communication from the terminal station and the event transmission generated in each station, the master station notifies the host station as necessary. Further, the master station transmits data (information) to a designated station when an instruction is sent from the host station to each station.

  The wireless communication device 1 serving as a terminal station is arranged at the end of the communication path and becomes a source of regular communication. Further, the terminal station terminates the regular communication from the master station and discards the received regular communication data. When the terminal station receives other data, the terminal station discards it unless it is addressed to itself.

  The wireless communication device 1 serving as a relay station transmits the received data to the opposite side of the communication path. That is, data sent from the master station side is relayed to the terminal station side (one direction), and data sent from the terminal station side is relayed to the master station side (other direction).

  FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the wireless communication apparatus 1.

  The wireless communication device 1 includes a CPU (central processing unit) 2, a wireless unit 3, a standard radio wave receiver 4, an RTC (real time clock) 5, an internal memory 6, a ground fault detector 7, a ground fault indicator 8, a mobile phone. A module 9, an external analog signal input terminal 12, an external contact signal input terminal 13, a power supply unit 30, and the like are provided.

  The CPU 2 operates according to a program stored in the internal memory 6 and controls the wireless communication apparatus 1 in an integrated manner. The CPU 2 functions mainly as a wireless communication control unit that controls wireless communication and a power supply monitoring unit that monitors the power supply unit 30. The programs of the wireless communication apparatuses 1 that are the master station, the relay station, and the terminal station are all common, and operate by determining which station is the own station based on the contents of a transfer table described later.

  As an example, the radio unit 3 is a 2.4 GHz band low-power radio capable of data communication in accordance with the standard ARIB STD-T66. The low-power radio can be preferably used because it does not require a license for use. The wireless unit 3 includes a modulator 21, a demodulator 22, a transmission high-frequency circuit 23, a reception high-frequency circuit 24, a reception electric field strength measurement circuit 24a, a high-frequency switch 25, an antenna 26, and the like. In the wireless unit 3, the transmission data output from the CPU 2 is modulated by the modulator 21, for example, FSK (Frequency-shift keying), and the transmission high-frequency circuit 23 amplifies and filters the data, and wirelessly transmits it from the antenna 26. The transmission frequency is a predetermined frequency of 2400 MHz or more and 2483.5 MHz or less, and the transmission output is 10 mW. The line speed is 125 kbps as an example. As the antenna 26, for example, an antenna in which a 1/2 wavelength antenna (gain 2.14 dBi) is formed on a substrate is used. As the antenna 26, an external antenna may be connected. In the radio unit 3, the radio signal input from the antenna 26 is orthogonally demodulated to the intermediate frequency by the reception high-frequency circuit 24, and the demodulator 22 performs FSK demodulation to output the received data to the CPU 2. Transmission / reception of the wireless unit 3 such as the high-frequency switch 25 is switched by the CPU 2 to enable half-duplex communication. The reception field strength measurement circuit 24a measures the reception field strength (carrier level) and outputs it to the CPU 2. As such a wireless unit 3, various known devices such as commercially available modules for low-power wireless and ICs can be used. The wireless unit 3 performs transmission / reception, for example, by turning on / off the power source or by controlling the module or IC used for the wireless unit 3 in the operation mode / operation stop mode (power saving mode) under the control of the CPU 2. An intermittent operation in which a wake-up period to be performed and a sleep period in which transmission / reception is not performed is alternately repeated is possible. Note that the CPU 2 itself may also operate in the normal operation mode and the low power mode with high power consumption so as to be linked with the wake-up period and the sleep period.

  When the distance at which data communication is possible was measured with the 2.4 GHz band low-power radio (radio unit 3), communication was possible at a distance of at least 1200 m and a maximum of 2000 m when the antenna height was 10 m in an outdoor line of sight. When the line speed is decreased, the communicable distance can be further increased. For example, if the line speed is set to 1 / n, the sensitivity increases by √ (n) times. The interval between the steel towers 50 in which the wireless communication device 1 is installed is not uniform and is approximately 50 m to 500 m although it depends on the location and the type of the steel tower. Therefore, there are many cases in which a plurality of steel towers exist within a distance where low-power wireless data communication is possible. For example, when the distance between towers is set to 300 m and the data communication possible distance is set to 1200 m, the wireless communication device 1 can perform data communication with a plurality of other wireless communication devices 1 arranged on the steel towers 1 to 4 ahead. is there. Thus, the wireless communication device 1 is arranged so that the communication range is overreached.

  Note that there is a specific low-power radio that uses a 400 MHz band, a 900 MHz band, and a 1200 MHz band as a radio device that does not require a license. Such a specific low-power radio may be used in the present invention. However, if a 2.4 GHz-band low-power radio is used, the frequency is high, so that circuit elements, antennas, and the like can be downsized, and thus the entire apparatus can be downsized. This is preferable. Moreover, you may use the radio | wireless machine of other standards other than a low power radio | wireless or a specific low power radio | wireless from which a transmission / reception frequency, transmission output, etc. differ as needed.

  The standard radio wave receiver 4 demodulates the standard radio wave received by the long wave bar antenna 28 and outputs time information included in the standard radio wave to the CPU 2. As the standard radio wave receiver 4, a known standard radio wave receiving module or IC can be used. Standard radio waves are radio broadcasts containing accurate time information and accurate frequency information. In Japan, the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology operates at 40 kHz and 60 kHz. The standard radio wave includes information such as hour, minute, date of total, and year as time information.

  The RTC 5 is a clock, and outputs the time of year, month, day, hour, minute, and second to the CPU 2. The RTC 5 is controlled by the CPU 2 to update and set the clock time.

  The internal memory 6 includes a rewritable nonvolatile memory such as an EEPROM, a flash ROM that stores a program for operating the CPU 2, and a RAM that serves as a work area for the CPU 2. The rewritable nonvolatile memory is controlled by the CPU 2 and stores various setting information such as a transfer table, a radio communication frequency, and the number of retransmissions described later.

  The ground fault detector 7 is an example of a detector according to the present invention, and is used by being attached to a steel tower (not shown). When a ground fault that is an example of a power transmission failure is detected as a detection target phenomenon, detection information is obtained. Output. The ground fault detector 7 is connected to the CPU 2 via a ground fault detector interface 11a that is electrically insulated by a photocoupler and passes detection information. In addition, you may provide the other detector which detects the power transmission failure other than a ground fault with the ground fault detector 7 instead of the ground fault detector 7. FIG. As the detection target phenomenon detected by the detector, for example, a flashlight caused by a lightning strike may be detected. When detecting a flash, a flash detector is used.

  When the detector 7 detects a phenomenon to be detected (in this case, a ground fault is detected), the ground fault indicator (indicator) 8 releases, for example, a conspicuous colored cloth streamer to the outside, By changing the appearance so as to change the color, patrolmen and the like can visually detect the steel tower with the ground fault. The ground fault indicator 8 is connected to the CPU 2 via a ground fault indicator interface 11b that is electrically insulated and delivers a display start signal and delivers operating power.

  The mobile phone module 9 can be connected to a mobile phone network and is disposed only in the wireless communication device 1 serving as a master station. The mobile phone module 9 communicates with the CPU 2 by serial communication via the mobile phone interface 11c, and the operation is controlled by the CPU 2. As a result, the master station can connect to the mobile phone network and perform data communication with, for example, a host host station.

  As an example, the external analog signal input terminal 12 can input four analog signals, and a detector that outputs an analog signal as a detection signal when a detection target phenomenon is detected can be connected. The signal input from the external analog signal input terminal 12 is digitally converted by the A / D converter 12 a and input to the CPU 2. As an example, the external contact signal input terminal 13 can input three contact signals, and a detector that outputs a high level / low level (or open / closed) contact signal as a detection signal can be connected. ing. You may connect a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a snow cover sensor, a lightning strike current sensor, etc. to these input terminals 12 and 13 as a detector.

  The power supply unit 30 includes a solar cell 31, a lithium ion capacitor 32, a charging circuit 33, a regulator 34, an overdischarge protection circuit 35, and A / D converters 36 a and 36 b, and supplies operating power to each unit of the wireless communication device 1. Supply. The electric power generated by the solar cell 31 is stored in the lithium ion capacitor 32 by the charging circuit 33, stabilized to the operating voltage by the regulator 34, and supplied to each part. The lithium ion capacitor 32 (power storage unit) preferably has a power capacity capable of operating the wireless communication device 1 for at least 4 days, more desirably 8 days without sunshine when fully charged. Further, it is preferable that the solar cell 31 and the lithium ion capacitor 32 can be added as necessary. Further, since the lithium ion capacitor 32 is vulnerable to overdischarge, as shown in the figure, when the voltage drops, the power is output via the overdischarge protection circuit 35 controlled by the CPU 2 to cut off the output. It is preferable. The generated voltage of the solar cell 31 is analog / digital converted by an A / D converter 36a (another example of a detector) and input to the CPU 2 (power supply monitoring unit). The voltage of the lithium ion capacitor 32 is analog / digital converted by an A / D converter 36b (another example of a detector) and input to the CPU 2 (power supply monitoring unit).

  As described above, when the solar battery 31 is used, the wireless communication device 1 can be operated without power supply from the outside. Therefore, there are many places where installation is inconvenient, and maintenance of a device installed at a high place such as the top of a steel tower. Is preferable because it becomes simple. In addition, the use of the lithium ion capacitor 32 is preferable because the energy density is higher and the capacitance is larger than that of the electric double layer capacitor, so that the operable period can be extended while reducing the size and weight of the device. In addition, when the electric power capacity, weight, shape size, etc. to be stored are acceptable, various known types such as an electric double layer capacitor, a secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery, a nickel cadmium secondary battery, a lead storage battery, etc. A power storage unit may be used. Further, when an external power source can be used, the solar cell 31 and the lithium ion capacitor 32 may not be provided.

  The information communication route of this transmission line monitoring system is shown in FIGS.

  Each wireless communication device 1 is assigned an identification number (ID number) that can individually identify the wireless communication device 1 as indicated by an ID in FIG. By using this identification number as the address of the wireless communication device 1, the wireless communication device 1 and another wireless communication device 1 can perform wireless communication (selective calling) on a one-to-one basis. In the following, each wireless communication device 1 may be called by its station type and identification number (ID number).

  3 shows a communication path from the master station ID1 to the terminal station ID8, and FIG. 4 shows a communication path from the terminal station ID8 to the master station ID1.

  Each wireless communication device 1 is associated with an order in which the wireless communication device 1 is arranged in order from the position of its own station along the communication route, and identification numbers of a plurality of other wireless communication devices 1 capable of communication are stored in the internal memory 6 ( (See FIG. 2). In order to record the transfer table, first, the installer causes the wireless communication device 1 and the other wireless communication device 1 to perform data communication so that they can communicate with each other at a predetermined electric field strength and / or a predetermined value. The identification numbers of other wireless communication apparatuses 1 that can communicate with each other at a code error rate or lower are confirmed in order from the nearest station. When communication becomes impossible, the wireless communication device 1 prior to that communication is not confirmed as being incapable of communication. At this time, the maximum value of the plurality of units to be recorded is defined by checking whether or not communication with other wireless communication devices 1 separated to a predetermined number of units (for example, four units) at the maximum along the communication path is possible. May be. The adjacent wireless communication device 1 is counted as one unit ahead, and the next adjacent wireless communication device 1 is counted as two units ahead. A plurality of wireless communication devices 1 ahead means a wireless communication device 1 two or more devices ahead.

  Next, the installer wirelessly transmits to the wireless communication apparatus 1 a transfer table to be recorded with a recording command from a maintenance / setting wireless communication apparatus (not shown). Thereby, CPU2 (refer FIG. 2) of the radio | wireless communication apparatus 1 which received this radio | wireless communication records a transfer table in the internal memory 6 (refer FIG. 2). The transfer table may be recorded by operating a setting computer (not shown in FIG. 1) connected to the wireless communication apparatus 1.

  As described above, it is preferable to record the identification number of the other wireless communication device 1 that has become communicable in the transfer table. However, without confirming the other wireless communication device 1 that is able to communicate, All the identification numbers of the wireless communication devices 1 may be recorded in the transfer table up to a predetermined number of destinations (for example, four destinations). In this case, there may be a case where the time required for data relay becomes longer in the case of detection information skipping communication described later.

  Examples of transfer tables are shown in Tables 1-6. In the “right registration” in the transfer table, the identification numbers of other wireless communication devices 1 that can communicate in the direction of transmission by the local station are registered in order through the communication path of FIG. The identification numbers of the other wireless communication apparatuses 1 that can communicate in the direction of transmission by the local station through the four communication paths are registered in order. Here, an example is shown in which the maximum value of a plurality of destinations to be recorded is defined as four. Basically, the wireless communication device 1 relays information coming from the “right registration” side of its own station to the “left registration” side based on the transfer table, and information coming from its “left registration” side. To the right registration side. Further, from the registered contents of the transfer table, the wireless communication device 1 (CPU 2) determines whether the own station is a master station, a relay station, or a terminal station.

表１は、図３，４に示す親局ＩＤ１に登録された転送テーブルである。「右登録」には、自局よりも末端局側方向（図の右側方向）の１台先（「＋１」欄）に、中継局ＩＤ２の識別番号が記録され、２台先（「＋２」欄）に中継局ＩＤ３の識別番号が記録され、３台先（「＋３」欄）に中継局ＩＤ４の識別番号が記録され、４台先（「＋４」欄）に末端局ＩＤ５の識別番号が記録されている。親局ＩＤ１よりも左側には連絡経路が無いので、「左登録」に何も記録されていない。又、「自局ＩＤ」欄には、自局の識別番号[ＩＤ１]が記録されている。さらに、これらの登録された識別番号の中に親局があるときは「親局ＩＤ」欄に親局の識別番号が記録されている。この場合、自局が親局であるので、「親局ＩＤ」欄に自局の識別番号[ＩＤ１]が記録されている。無線通信装置１は、自局ＩＤと親局ＩＤとが一致している場合、自局が親局であると認識する。なお、親局は、中継局、末端局の条件にも当て嵌まるときは、それらとしても機能する。

Table 1 is a transfer table registered in the master station ID 1 shown in FIGS. In the “right registration”, the identification number of the relay station ID 2 is recorded in one station (in the “+1” column) in the terminal station direction (right direction in the figure) from the own station, and two stations (“+2”) Column), the identification number of relay station ID3 is recorded, the identification number of relay station ID4 is recorded in three units ("+3" column), and the identification number of terminal station ID5 is recorded in four units ("+4" column). It is recorded. Since there is no communication route on the left side of the master station ID1, nothing is recorded in the “left registration”. In the “own station ID” column, the identification number [ID1] of the own station is recorded. Further, when there is a master station among these registered identification numbers, the master station identification number is recorded in the “master station ID” column. In this case, since the own station is the parent station, the identification number [ID1] of the own station is recorded in the “parent station ID” column. When the own station ID and the parent station ID match, the wireless communication device 1 recognizes that the own station is the parent station. Note that the master station also functions as a relay station and a terminal station when they apply to the conditions.

表２は、中継局ＩＤ２に登録された転送テーブルの例である。「左登録」の２台〜４台先（「＋２」欄〜「＋４」欄）の連絡経路は存在しないので空欄である。「自局ＩＤ」欄には、自局の識別番号[ＩＤ２]が記録されている。又、これらの登録された識別番号の中に親局ＩＤ１があるので、「親局ＩＤ」欄に[ＩＤ１]が記録されている。無線通信装置１（ＣＰＵ２）は、「右登録」及び「左登録」の「＋１」欄に識別番号が記録されていて、「親局ＩＤ」と「自局ＩＤ」とが一致しない場合、自局が中継局であると認識する。

Table 2 is an example of a transfer table registered in relay station ID2. Since there is no connection route of “left registration” 2 to 4 units (“+2” column to “+4” column), it is blank. In the “own station ID” column, the identification number [ID2] of the own station is recorded. Further, since there is a master station ID1 among these registered identification numbers, [ID1] is recorded in the “master station ID” column. If the identification number is recorded in the “+1” column of “right registration” and “left registration” and the “master station ID” does not match the “own station ID”, the wireless communication device 1 (CPU 2) Recognizes that the station is a relay station.

表３は、中継局ＩＤ３に登録された転送テーブルの例である。

Table 3 is an example of a transfer table registered in the relay station ID3.

表４は、中継局ＩＤ４に登録された転送テーブルの例である。

Table 4 is an example of a transfer table registered in relay station ID4.

表５は、中継局ＩＤ６に登録された転送テーブルの例である。転送テーブル中に親局が無いので、「親局ＩＤ」欄には、親局が無いことを示す、一例として「２５５」が記録されている。

Table 5 is an example of a transfer table registered in the relay station ID 6. Since there is no parent station in the transfer table, “255” is recorded in the “parent station ID” column as an example indicating that there is no parent station.

表６は、末端局ＩＤ８に登録された転送テーブルの例である。自局よりも右側方向には連絡経路が無いので、「右登録」には何も登録されていない。「左登録」には、「＋１」〜「＋４」欄まで順番に、[ＩＤ７]〜[ＩＤ４]が記録されている。転送テーブル中に親局が無いので、「親局ＩＤ」欄には、親局が無いことを示す、一例として「２５５」が記録されている。無線通信装置１は、同表のように「右登録」に何も記録されていないとき、又は、「左登録」に何も記録されていないときに、自局が親局でなければ、末端局であると認識する。

Table 6 is an example of a transfer table registered in the terminal station ID 8. Since there is no communication route on the right side of the station, nothing is registered in “Right Registration”. In “left registration”, [ID7] to [ID4] are recorded in order from the “+1” to “+4” columns. Since there is no parent station in the transfer table, “255” is recorded in the “parent station ID” column as an example indicating that there is no parent station. If nothing is recorded in the “right registration” as shown in the table, or if nothing is recorded in the “left registration” as shown in the table, the wireless communication device 1 Recognize that it is a station.

  Next, the operation of the transmission line monitoring system will be described.

  The power transmission line monitoring system performs three types of communication: event communication, regular communication, and command communication.

  Event communication is performed from the wireless communication device 1 (relay station, terminal station) that has detected the occurrence of a predetermined event (an example of a predetermined condition) such as the occurrence of a power transmission failure (in this example, a ground fault) to the master station, In this communication, special information indicating that the event has occurred is relayed and transmitted by means of jumping communication. Here, the jumping communication is a communication in which the wireless communication device 1 wirelessly communicates with other wireless communication devices 1 ahead of a plurality of devices along a communication path to relay information. In event communication, the wireless communication device 1 performs jumping communication to another wireless communication device 1 that is farthest from its own station recorded in the transfer table. When the wireless communication device 1 cannot wirelessly communicate with another wireless communication device 1 to which the interlaced communication is performed, the wireless communication device 1 tries wireless communication with other wireless communication devices 1 that are close to each other one after another, and the wireless communication becomes possible. It is preferable to relay information to the wireless communication device 1.

  In the event communication, the wireless communication device 1 shown in FIG. 2 is preset from the external analog signal input terminal 12 or the external contact signal input terminal 13 when the ground fault detection information is output from the ground fault detector 7. When a signal satisfying the condition is input, or when a predetermined event occurs such as when the voltage of the lithium ion capacitor 32 drops, the CPU 2 causes the wireless unit 3 to transmit special information indicating the occurrence of the event. .

  FIG. 5 shows an overview of event communication.

  For example, when a ground fault is detected at the relay station ID 6, the relay station ID 6 is the most from the own station during “left registration” toward the parent station side from the transfer table (see Table 5) stored in the internal memory 6. The remote identification number ([ID2] in the “+4” column) is confirmed, and as shown in FIG. 5A, ground fault detection information is transmitted to the relay station ID2. Receiving this detection information, the relay station ID2 confirms the transfer table (see Table 2) and relays the detection information to the master station ID1 in the “left registration”. The master station ID1 communicates the detection information to the upper host station via a mobile phone line. By performing interlaced communication in this way, the number of relays can be reduced, so that information can be relayed and transmitted in a short time. Note that if the master station is not recorded in the transfer table of the relay station ID2, the relay station ID2 is special information, so information is stored in the station with the identification number farthest in the “left registration” of the transfer table. Is relayed by jumping communication.

  Here, when the wireless communication between the relay station ID 6 and the relay station ID 2 is impossible, as shown in FIG. 5B, the relay station ID 6 confirms the transfer table, and the relay station ID 3 is set to the relay station ID 3 that is closer to one. Send ground fault detection information. Since the relay station ID 3 that has received the detection information is special information, the forwarding table (see Table 3) is confirmed, and the detection information is relayed to the master station ID 1 in the “left registration” by interlaced communication.

  When wireless communication between the relay station ID 6 and the relay station ID 3 is impossible, the relay station ID 6 wirelessly communicates with the relay station ID 4 that is closer to one as shown in FIG. 5C, and the relay station ID 4 is The transfer table (see Table 4) is confirmed, and relay transmission is performed to the master station ID 1 by jump communication. If communication is still impossible, the relay station ID 6 performs wireless communication with the adjacent relay station ID 5 as shown in FIG. The relay station ID5 relays the detection information to the master station ID1 by jump communication. In this way, when wireless communication is impossible, information can be reliably transmitted by performing communication close to each other.

  In event communication, the wireless communication device 1 that is the source of the special information sends the special information not only in one direction along the contact route (left direction) but also in the opposite direction (right direction) along the contact route. It is preferable to relay to 1. In this case, the wireless communication device 1 (relay station) that has received the special information from the left registration side relays the special information to the right registration side by means of jumping communication. Further, as described above, when a case where communication is impossible occurs, wireless communication is attempted with other wireless communication devices 1 that are close to each other one by one, and information is transmitted to the other wireless communication devices 1 that are capable of wireless communication. It is preferable to relay. As shown in FIG. 6, there are cases where a plurality of master stations (master station ID 1 and master station ID 60) are arranged in the communication route, and the relay station ID 6 This is because if the detection information is transmitted in both directions, even if the master station ID1 is in an inoperable state, the detection information is relayed and transmitted to the other master station ID 60 by interlaced communication and can be contacted to the host station. That is, it is possible to improve the connectivity of the special information to the upper host station. In addition, if the wireless communication device 1 that is the source of the special information transmits the special information in both directions, a rule that the master station is arranged on the right registration side is provided, or the master station is arranged in any direction It is not necessary to determine whether it has been performed, and it is preferable because it is excellent in network expandability. The terminal station that has received the special information discards the information.

  Next, regular communication will be described.

  In periodic communication, the wireless communication device 1 at the end of the communication path periodically transmits periodic communication information that is sequentially relayed to the wireless communication device 1 ahead.

  Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the periodic communication is performed periodically (for example, every day) from the master station ID 1 (wireless communication device at the end) toward the terminal station ID 8 side, or as shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, periodic communication information is transmitted periodically that causes the adjacent wireless communication device 1 to sequentially relay information sequentially from the terminal station ID 8 end wireless communication device) toward the master station ID 1 side. To do. Each wireless communication device 1 confirms the transfer table and relays the periodic communication information to the wireless communication device 1 ahead.

  The reason why the master station ID1 transmits the regular communication information as shown in FIG. 3 is that there may be other master stations as shown in FIG. Therefore, it is preferable that the wireless communication devices 1 at all ends transmit regular communication information. A master station that is not arranged at the end does not transmit regular communication. As shown in FIG. 4, when the master station ID1 is at the end and only the master station ID1 exists, the master station ID1 may not transmit the regular communication information. When information is relayed only in one direction along the communication path, only the wireless communication device 1 at the upstream end in one direction may transmit the periodic communication information.

  It is preferable that the time at which the master station ID 1 and the terminal station ID 8 transmit regular communication is shifted as appropriate. The transmission time is recorded in the internal memory 6 in advance.

  In this regular communication, when the wireless communication device 1 cannot wirelessly communicate with the one-way wireless communication device 1 (another example of the predetermined condition in the present invention), the wireless communication device 1 performs the skip communication with the plurality of wireless communication devices 1 ahead. . In the jumping communication at the time of regular communication, the wireless communication device 1 on the transmission side is connected to other wireless communication devices one by one from the two wireless communication devices 1 in order, such as two devices, three devices, and so on. It is preferable to attempt wireless communication with the device 1 and relay information to the wireless communication device 1 that is capable of wireless communication.

  FIG. 7 shows an example of jump communication during regular communication. This figure is an example in which the terminal station ID 8 has transmitted regular communication information. As shown in FIG. 7A, for example, when wireless communication between the relay station ID 6 and the relay station ID 5 is not possible, the relay station ID 6 is stored in the “left registration” two units ahead of the transfer table (see Table 5). Is identified ([ID4] in the “+2” column), and the periodic communication information is relayed to the relay station ID4.

  Further, when communication between the relay station ID 6 and the relay station ID 4 is impossible, as shown in FIG. 7B, the relay station ID 6 is identified from the transfer table by the identification number of the third unit in the “left registration”. ([ID3] in the “+3” column) is confirmed, and the periodic communication information is relayed to the relay station ID3. If it still fails, it is relayed to the relay station ID 2 ahead.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, when the master station ID1 transmits regular communication, although not shown, for example, when communication between the relay station ID3 and the relay station ID4 is impossible, the relay station ID3 is transferred. The table (see Table 3) is confirmed, the relay station ID 4 is skipped, and the periodic communication information is relayed to the relay station ID 5 that is two units ahead. When communication between the relay station ID3 and the relay station ID4 is impossible, the relay station ID3 relays the periodic communication information to the relay station ID4 that is three units ahead.

  Thus, even when some wireless communication devices 1 fail due to, for example, lightning, by relaying information to the next wireless communication device 1 one by one when communication is impossible by sequential communication, the information Can be transmitted reliably.

  By performing regular communication in this way, for example, when the master station ID1 does not receive periodic communication information periodically, it is determined that some kind of failure has occurred in the system, and the external host station is informed that the failure has occurred. You can contact me.

  The command communication is a communication route shown in FIG. 3, in which the master station ID1 inquires a specific station about the state of the station by sequential communication, and the station that received the inquiry does not relay the information. In response to the inquiry, it responds to the master station ID1 by sequential communication through the communication route shown in FIG. Also in this case, like the regular communication, when the communication between the wireless communication apparatuses 1 is impossible, the interlaced communication is performed. Also, command communication may be relayed by jump communication.

  When the master station is located in the middle of the communication route, the master station sends both event communication and command communication information in both the right and left directions, as well as regular communication, event communication, and command communication. When any of the above information is received, it is preferable to relay (transmit) in the direction opposite to the direction in which the information is sent. Further, when the master station is arranged in the middle of the communication route, it is preferable that the master station communicates the received and relayed information to the host host station via the mobile phone line.

  When there is a need for the wireless communication apparatus 1 to perform any two or three of the event communication, the regular communication, and the command communication, the priority order is 1: event communication, 2: command communication, 3 : Send in the order of regular communication. Among event communications, ground fault detection information is transmitted with the highest priority. In any communication, the wireless communication apparatus 1 performs carrier detection by the reception electric field strength measurement circuit 24a (see FIG. 2) before transmission, and performs transmission when no carrier is detected. When a carrier is detected, transmission is waited until it is not detected.

  Next, the intermittent operation will be described.

  Each wireless communication device 1 can relay information in an intermittent operation that alternately repeats a wake-up period in which transmission / reception is performed and a sleep period in which transmission / reception is not performed, thereby reducing power consumption and extending an operable period. Therefore, it is preferable.

  FIG. 8 shows an outline of the intermittent operation. The thick line in the figure indicates the wake-up period W, the broken line indicates the sleep period S, and intermittent operation is performed at a repetition period T. Each wireless communication device 1 starts the wake-up period W all at once by time synchronization based on the time of each RTC 5 (see FIG. 2). The wakeup period W is 2 seconds as an example, the sleep period S is 178 seconds as an example, and the repetition period T is 180 seconds as an example. In this case, each wireless communication device 1 starts the wake-up period W at the time stored in advance in the internal memory 6, for example, every hour 0 minutes, 3 minutes, 6 minutes... 57 minutes.

  Since the wireless communication device 1 corrects the time of the RTC 5 (see FIG. 2) based on the time information received by the standard radio wave receiver 4 (see FIG. 2), accurate time synchronization is possible. The wireless communication device 1 acquires time information from the standard radio wave receiver 4 and corrects the time of the RTC 5 twice a day, for example, at 0:00 and 12:00. When the standard radio wave receiver 4 cannot receive the standard radio wave, the radio communication device 1 executes command communication requesting another adjacent radio communication device 1 to return time information, for example. It is preferable to acquire time information from the wireless communication device 1 by wireless communication. More preferably, the wireless communication device 1 acquires time information from the further wireless communication device 1 by means of jumping communication when wireless communication with the adjacent wireless communication device 1 is impossible.

  As shown in the figure, as an example, when the terminal station ID 8 transmits periodic communication, the terminal station ID 8 transmits periodic communication information to the relay station ID 7 during the wake-up period. When this is normally received by the relay station ID7, the relay station ID7 transmits an ACK (ACKnowledgement) indicating that the data transfer has been completed normally to the terminal station ID8. The terminal station ID 8 determines that the wireless communication has been normally performed when the ACK transmitted from the relay station ID 7 can be received. When the relay station ID 7 transmits ACK to the terminal station ID 8 and then transmits information to the relay station ID 6 and receives ACK from the relay station ID 6, the relay station ID 7 determines that the wireless communication is normally performed. Similarly, information is relayed wirelessly up to relay station ID5.

  In the example of the figure, when the relay station ID5 transmits information to the relay station ID4, the wakeup period W ends. In this way, when the wake-up period W expires, the relay station ID 5 backs up data that could not be transmitted in the internal memory 6 and transmits information to the relay station ID 4 in the next wake-up period W. Similarly, information is relayed to the master station ID1.

  Although not shown in the figure, when performing regular communication from the master station ID1 to the terminal station ID8, similarly, information is transferred during the wakeup period W, and when the wakeup period W ends, the information is backed up and the next wakeup period W Send information to.

  Similarly, when performing intercom communication, information is transmitted to the target station during the wakeup period W, and when the wakeup period W ends, the information is backed up and information is transmitted to the next wakeup period W. To do.

  The wireless communication device 1 on the transmission side determines that the wireless communication has been successfully performed when an ACK is returned from the counterpart wireless communication device 1 that transmitted the information before the predetermined timeout time F has elapsed. When ACK is not returned, it is determined that wireless communication is impossible. Note that when the wireless communication device 1 on the transmission side does not return an ACK from the wireless communication device 1 on the other end, the information is retransmitted up to a predetermined number of retransmissions (for example, 5 times), and an ACK is returned for any retransmission. If it is determined that the wireless communication has been successfully performed, it may be determined that the wireless communication is impossible when the ACK is not returned even if the retransmission is performed up to the number of retransmissions.

  For example, FIG. 9 shows an example of event communication from the relay station ID 6 to the master station ID 1. In this case, as already described with reference to FIG. 5, the relay station ID 6 transmits special information such as the occurrence of a ground fault to the relay station ID 2 by the interlaced communication. Relay station ID 6 retransmits to relay station ID 2 if no ACK is returned from relay station ID 2 even after timeout time F has elapsed. The relay station ID 6 determines that wireless communication with the relay station ID 2 is impossible when the ACK is not returned from the relay station ID 2 even if the retransmission is repeated up to the number of retransmissions, and as shown in FIG. Send special information to In this example, since ACK is returned from the relay station ID3, the relay station ID6 determines that radio communication with the relay station ID3 has been normally performed, and does not perform retransmission to the relay station ID3. Note that when the wakeup period W ends in the middle of retransmission, the relay station ID 6 backs up the number of retransmissions up to that time in the internal memory 6 and performs retransmission up to the remaining number of times in the next wakeup period W.

  FIG. 10 shows an example in which the master station ID 1 has transmitted regular communication. In this case, since no ACK is returned from the relay station ID 3 for transmission of the relay station ID 2, the relay station ID 2 retransmits the periodic communication information up to the number of retransmissions. Since ACK is not returned even if retransmission is performed up to the number of retransmissions, the relay station ID2 determines that wireless communication with the relay station ID3 is impossible, and the periodic communication information is transmitted to the relay station ID4 that is two units ahead by periodic communication information. Send.

  In wireless communication, communication may become temporarily unstable due to the influence of external noise, etc., so that the probability that information can be relayed increases by retransmitting information up to a predetermined number of retransmissions. Can be transmitted more reliably.

  The wireless communication device 1 is intermittent when the voltage of the lithium ion capacitor 32 becomes less than the lowest voltage (e.g., 2.8 V, which is an example of the predetermined voltage in the present invention) at which normal operation is possible. Stop operation and always go to sleep, and send detection information (emergency information) only when the most urgent power failure or lightning strike (earth fault in this example) is detected. Is preferred. Which event occurs when emergency information is transmitted is set in the internal memory 6 in advance.

  As described above, even when some of the wireless communication devices 1 stop operating at a low voltage, the information is relayed without any problem by the jump communication. Further, by preserving the power, emergency information such as the most important power transmission failure can be transmitted.

  Although the power transmission line monitoring system has been described as an example of the wireless relay system of the present invention, the present invention can be applied to various systems that wirelessly relay information. For example, the present invention is a propane gas monitoring system in which the remaining amount of propane gas in each home is detected by a detector, and when the remaining amount becomes a predetermined value or less, the information is relayed and communicated by a plurality of wireless communication devices. May be applied, or detectors that detect ground displacement such as mountains and cliffs are arranged, and this detector detects landslides and landslides, and multiple wireless communication devices relay the information sequentially. The present invention may be applied to a natural disaster monitoring system. Further, the present invention may be applied to a wireless relay system that relays information transmitted from the outside to the one end side of the communication path by wireless or wired to the other end side of the communication path.

  In addition, the example in which information can be transmitted in both directions, such as the communication route in FIG. 3 and the communication route in FIG. 4, has been described. However, the present invention is applied to a system that transmits information in only one direction according to necessity. Also good. Further, the external host station may be directly connected to the master station via a cable without using an external communication line. Alternatively, the transmission output may be reduced to the minimum necessary when communicating between adjacent wireless communication apparatuses 1, and the transmission output may be increased to a necessary level when performing interlaced communication. In addition, the wireless communication device 1 does not perform intermittent operation but operates continuously when an external power source is available or when there is a margin in the power generated by the solar cell 31 or the power stored in the lithium ion capacitor 32. May be.

  1 is a wireless communication device, 2 is a CPU, 3 is a wireless unit, 4 is a standard radio wave receiver, 5 is an RTC, 6 is an internal memory, 7 is a ground fault detector, 8 is a ground fault indicator, and 9 is a mobile phone module , 11a is a ground fault detector interface, 11b is a ground fault display interface, 11c is a cellular phone interface, 12 is an external analog signal input terminal, 12a is an A / D converter, 13 is an external contact signal input terminal, and 21 is Modulator, 22 demodulator, 23 high-frequency circuit for transmission, 24 high-frequency circuit for reception, 24a reception circuit strength measurement circuit 24a, 25 high-frequency switch, 26 antenna, 28 bar antenna, 30 power supply unit, 31 is a solar cell, 32 is a lithium ion capacitor, 33 is a charging circuit, 34 is a regulator, 35 is an overdischarge protection circuit, 36a and 36b are A / D converters, 50 is a steel tower, 1 transmission line, F is the timeout period, W is the wake-up period, S is the sleep period, T is a repetition period.

Claims (10)

A plurality of wireless communication devices arranged so as to form a predetermined communication path is provided in a tower row erected with a power transmission line, and the wireless communication apparatus is connected to the wireless communication apparatus one unit ahead along the communication path. Is a wireless relay system that can relay information sequentially,
Each of the plurality of wireless communication devices has an identification number that can identify each of them.
The wireless communication device has a transfer table in which the identification number of the other wireless communication device capable of wireless communication is recorded in advance in association with the order along the communication path from the position of the local station,
The wireless communication device has a ground fault detector or / and a flash fault detector that outputs special information when a ground fault or a flash fault is detected;
When a case of relaying該特specific information, wireless communication device, based on the forwarding table, along the contact path to the another wireless communication device of a plurality number destination information containing the specials A radio relay system characterized by relaying. When a case of relaying the pre Kitoku specific information, according to claim wherein the wireless communication device, and wherein to relay該特specific information to the other wireless communication device furthest from the own station in the forwarding table The wireless relay system according to 1.   When the wireless communication device is incapable of wireless communication with the other wireless communication device farthest from the own station in the transfer table, the other wireless communication devices that are close to each other one by one based on the transfer table The wireless relay system according to claim 2, wherein the special information is relayed to the other wireless communication device capable of performing wireless communication, and the special information is relayed. Wherein the source of the wireless communication device of the special information, the該特specific information, not just in one direction along the contact path, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that also transmits in the opposite direction Wireless relay system. When the wireless communication device is incapable of wireless communication with the one wireless communication device ahead,
The wireless communication device attempts to wirelessly communicate with the other wireless communication devices that are one by one from the two stations ahead of its own station in the transfer table, and the wireless communication device that has become capable of wireless communication is notified of the special communication device. The wireless relay system according to claim 1, wherein information including information is relayed. The wireless communication apparatus has a clock and can perform an intermittent operation that alternately repeats a wakeup period in which transmission / reception is performed and a sleep period in which transmission / reception is not performed, and starts the wakeup period by time synchronization based on the time of the clock The wireless relay system according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein The wireless communication device includes a standard radio wave receiver that receives a standard radio wave including time information, and corrects the time of the clock according to the time information received by the standard radio wave receiver. 7. The wireless relay system according to 6 . The wireless communication device according to claim 7 , wherein the wireless communication device acquires the time information from the other wireless communication device by wireless communication when the standard radio wave receiver cannot receive the standard radio wave. Relay system. The wireless communication apparatus has a power storage unit that supplies power for operation, and when the voltage of the power storage unit becomes less than a predetermined voltage, the intermittent operation is stopped, and the sleep period is always set, The wireless relay system according to claim 7 or 8 , wherein only an operation of transmitting predetermined emergency information is performed. Radio relay system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that at least one of said plurality of wireless communication devices is a master station can be connected to an external communication line.

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