JP5963583B2 - New natto and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、高温発酵と低温発酵を所定の条件にて適切に行うことにより、風味, 食感, 外観, 糸引き性の観点から、従来の納豆とは全く異なる優れた嗜好性を有する納豆、を製造する技術に関する。 The present invention is a natto that has excellent taste completely different from conventional natto in terms of flavor, texture, appearance, and stringiness by appropriately performing high temperature fermentation and low temperature fermentation under predetermined conditions. It relates to the technology of manufacturing.
大豆を納豆菌で発酵させた糸引き納豆(いわゆる納豆)は、日本古来の発酵食品であり、大豆タンパク質を豊富に含み栄養価が高い。また、栄養価に加えて、納豆はそれ自体の嗜好性が高いことから、日本人の日常食品の一つとなっている。
さらに、近年、納豆にはプロバイオティック作用、抗菌作用、機能性成分等による各種健康増進効果があることが報告されており、益々需要が期待されている食品である。
Thread-drawn natto fermented with natto bacteria (so-called natto) is a fermented food from ancient Japan, rich in soy protein and high in nutritional value. In addition to nutritional value, natto is one of the Japanese everyday foods because of its high palatability.
Furthermore, in recent years, it has been reported that natto has various health-promoting effects due to probiotic action, antibacterial action, functional ingredients, and the like, and is a food that is increasingly expected to be in demand.
納豆菌による発酵過程では、発酵により強い粘りを有する糸引き成分が生成される。
当該糸引き成分は、独特の風味や食感を納豆に与える性質を有し、白米を炊いたご飯との相性が抜群に良い。
In the fermentation process by Bacillus natto, a stringing component having a strong stickiness is produced by fermentation.
The stringing component has a property of giving natto a unique flavor and texture, and is excellent in compatibility with rice cooked with white rice.
一方、納豆菌の発酵過程が進行すると、大豆に含まれる成分の変化が起こり、納豆臭, アンモニア臭, 苦味が付与される代わりに、煮豆本来の風味が失われる傾向にある。
このような独特な風味は、納豆を初めて食する場合の障壁となる場合がある。
また、納豆菌の発酵作用の別の結果として、納豆表面は納豆菌から分泌される白色の菌膜状物質により覆われる。当該菌膜で覆われた外観は、発酵の度合いが高いこと(納豆らしい外観)を示す指標とはなるが、食品一般として見た場合、腐った豆の印象があり、嗜好的な外観としては好適なものでない。
On the other hand, when the fermentation process of Bacillus natto proceeds, the components contained in the soybean change, and instead of adding natto odor, ammonia odor and bitter taste, the original flavor of boiled beans tends to be lost.
Such a unique flavor may be a barrier when eating natto for the first time.
As another result of the fermenting action of Bacillus natto, the surface of Bacillus natto is covered with a white fungus-like substance secreted from Bacillus natto. The appearance covered with the fungus membrane is an indicator of a high degree of fermentation (appearance that seems to be natto), but when viewed as food in general, there is an impression of rotten beans, It is not suitable.
そこで、納豆の外観や風味等の嗜好性に関して、様々な改良が試みられており、特に特定納豆菌株を用いる様々な納豆製造技術が開示されている。例えば、納豆臭低減に関する特許文献1、納豆の硬さの低減に関する特許文献2、納豆の色調改善に関する特許文献3、などを挙げることができる。 Accordingly, various improvements have been attempted with regard to the taste and taste of natto, and various natto production techniques using specific natto strains have been disclosed. For example, Patent Document 1 relating to natto odor reduction, Patent Document 2 relating to reducing the hardness of natto, Patent Document 3 relating to improving the color tone of natto, and the like.
しかしながら、これらの技術は、特定菌株の性質を利用して、特定性質に関する課題を解決する技術であり、納豆の嗜好性全体的に向上させることができる技術ではなかった。
また、特定の納豆菌株を用いることが必須となるため、他の優れた性質を有する納豆菌には応用できないという課題があった。
However, these technologies are technologies that solve the problems related to the specific properties using the properties of the specific strains, and are not technologies that can improve the overall taste of natto.
Moreover, since it is essential to use a specific natto strain, there is a problem that it cannot be applied to other natto bacteria having excellent properties.
本発明は、上記課題を解決し、納豆菌全般に対して適用可能な技術であり、風味, 食感, 外観, 糸引き性の観点から、従来の納豆とは全く異なる優れた嗜好性を有する納豆、を製造する技術を開発することを目的とする。 The present invention solves the above problems and is a technology applicable to all natto bacteria, and has excellent palatability that is completely different from conventional natto from the viewpoint of flavor, texture, appearance, and stringiness. The purpose is to develop technology for manufacturing natto.
本発明者は、上記課題を解決するために鋭意検討を重ねた結果、;発酵開始から4時間経過時点より所定時間、豆の品温を高温発酵温度帯(47〜53℃)で維持し(第1条件)、;その後、通常の発酵温度帯(37〜47℃)に長く留まらないように、47℃から37℃への冷却を速やかに行い(第2条件)、;次いで、豆の品温を低温発酵温度帯(20〜37℃)で所定時間維持する(第3条件)、;ことにより、外観, 風味, 糸引きの全ての嗜好性に優れた、新規の納豆を製造できることを見出した。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has maintained the product temperature of the beans in a high temperature fermentation temperature zone (47 to 53 ° C.) for a predetermined time from the time when 4 hours have passed since the start of fermentation ( (1st condition); Then, quickly cool from 47 ° C to 37 ° C (second condition) so as not to stay long in the normal fermentation temperature range (37-47 ° C); By maintaining the temperature in the low-temperature fermentation temperature zone (20-37 ° C) for a predetermined time (third condition), we found that it is possible to produce a new natto with excellent appearance, flavor, and stringiness. It was.
本発明は、当該知見に基づいてなされたものである。
・〔請求項1〕に係る本発明は、蒸煮大豆又は煮大豆に納豆菌を植菌した後、下記(1)〜(3)に記載の条件を満たす発酵を行うことを特徴とする、納豆の製造方法、に関する。
(1) 発酵開始から4時間経過時点より、2.5〜7.5時間の間、豆の品温を実質的に47〜53℃の温度帯で維持する条件。
(2) 上記(1)に記載の温度帯で維持した後、2.5時間以内に豆の品温を47℃から37℃にする条件。
(3) 上記(2)に記載のように豆の品温を37℃にした後、2〜7時間の間、豆の品温を実質的に20〜37℃の温度帯で維持する条件。
・〔請求項2〕に係る本発明は、上記(1)に記載の条件において、豆の品温を実質的に47〜53℃の温度帯で維持する時間が3〜7時間であり、;上記(2)に記載の条件において、豆の品温を47℃から37℃にする時間が2時間以内であり、;上記(3)に記載の条件において、豆の品温を実質的に20〜37℃の温度帯で維持する時間が3〜6時間である、;ことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の納豆の製造方法、に関する。
・〔請求項3〕に係る本発明は、上記発酵開始時における豆の品温が、30〜53℃であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2のいずれかに記載の納豆の製造方法、に関する。
・〔請求項4〕に係る本発明は、上記(1)〜(3)に記載の条件を満たす発酵が終了した後、豆の品温を3〜10℃に維持して熟成させることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の納豆の製造方法、に関する。
・〔請求項5〕に係る本発明は、前記納豆菌の植菌量が、蒸煮大豆又は煮大豆1gに対して102〜108個である、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の納豆の製造方法、に関する。
・〔請求項6〕に係る本発明は、請求項1に記載の方法によって製造された、以下(A)及び(B)に記載の性質を有する納豆、に関する。
(A) 納豆50gを水100mLに攪拌し20℃で3時間の抽出を行って得た抽出液の粘度が、70〜500mPa・sとなる性質。
(B) 分光光度計にて波長660nmで測定した前記抽出液の濁度が、4.5以下となる性質。
This invention is made | formed based on the said knowledge.
-The present invention according to [Claim 1] is characterized in that natto is fermented to satisfy the conditions described in (1) to (3) below after inoculating natto bacteria in steamed soybeans or boiled soybeans. The manufacturing method.
(1) Conditions for maintaining the temperature of the beans in a temperature range of 47 to 53 ° C. for 2.5 to 7.5 hours from the time when 4 hours have passed since the start of fermentation.
(2) A condition that the temperature of the beans is changed from 47 ° C. to 37 ° C. within 2.5 hours after being maintained in the temperature range described in (1) above.
(3) Conditions for maintaining the product temperature of the beans in a temperature range of substantially 20 to 37 ° C for 2 to 7 hours after the product temperature of the beans is set to 37 ° C as described in (2) above.
-In the present invention according to [Claim 2], in the condition described in (1) above, the time for maintaining the product temperature of the beans in a temperature range of substantially 47 to 53 ° C is 3 to 7 hours; In the condition described in (2) above, the time required for the product temperature of the beans to be from 47 ° C. to 37 ° C. is within 2 hours; in the condition described in (3) above, the product temperature of the beans is substantially 20 The method for producing natto according to claim 1, characterized in that the time to be maintained in a temperature range of -37 ° C is 3 to 6 hours.
The present invention according to [Claim 3] is characterized in that the product temperature of the beans at the start of the fermentation is 30 to 53 ° C., The method for producing natto according to claim 1 or 2, , Regarding.
-The present invention according to [Claim 4] is characterized in that after the fermentation satisfying the conditions described in (1) to (3) above is completed, the product temperature of the beans is maintained at 3 to 10 ° C and ripened. It is related with the manufacturing method of natto in any one of Claims 1-3.
-The present invention according to [Claim 5] is the inoculation amount of the Bacillus natto is 10 2 to 10 8 per 1 g of cooked soybean or cooked soybean, according to any one of claims 1 to 4. It relates to a method for producing natto.
The present invention according to [Claim 6] relates to natto having the properties described in (A) and (B) below, which is produced by the method according to Claim 1.
(A) A property that the viscosity of an extract obtained by stirring 50 g of natto in 100 mL of water and performing extraction at 20 ° C. for 3 hours is 70 to 500 mPa · s.
(B) The property that the turbidity of the extract measured by a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 660 nm is 4.5 or less .
本発明の納豆製造方法により、風味, 食感, 外観, 糸引き性の観点から、従来の納豆とは全く異なる優れた嗜好性を有する納豆を製造することが可能となる。
これにより本発明は、納豆自体が有する食品としての偏った嗜好性を改善し、納豆の魅力を向上させることに繋がる技術になることが期待される。
According to the natto production method of the present invention, it is possible to produce natto having excellent palatability completely different from conventional natto from the viewpoints of flavor, texture, appearance, and stringiness.
As a result, the present invention is expected to be a technology that improves the unfavorable palatability of the natto itself as a food and improves the attractiveness of natto.
具体的には、(i)従来の納豆では発酵によって失われるはずの煮豆の風味(香りや甘さ)および煮豆の食感が保持され、(ii)納豆臭が低減されたものであり、(iii)納豆菌の白色菌膜の形成が抑制され、豆表面は煮豆様の新鮮な外観が保持されたものであり、(iv)上記(i)〜(iii)の性質を有するにも関わらず、納豆としての良好な風味や食感に必要な十分な糸引き性を有する、優れた嗜好性を有する納豆を製造することが可能となる。 Specifically, (i) boiled beans flavor (aroma and sweetness) that should be lost by fermentation in conventional natto and the texture of boiled beans are retained, and (ii) natto odor is reduced, iii) Formation of white natto fungus film is suppressed, and the bean surface has a boiled bean-like fresh appearance, and (iv) despite having the properties (i) to (iii) above It becomes possible to produce natto having excellent palatability and sufficient stringiness necessary for good flavor and texture as natto.
また、本発明の納豆製造方法は、納豆菌の発酵特性が温度条件の違いにより大きく異なることを利用した技術であるため、特定の納豆菌株, 添加物, 機器等の使用を必要とせずに実施することが可能となる。 In addition, since the natto production method of the present invention is a technology that utilizes the fact that the fermentation characteristics of natto bacteria vary greatly depending on the temperature conditions, it is not necessary to use specific natto strains, additives, equipment, etc. It becomes possible to do.
また、本発明の納豆製造方法では、従来の納豆製造に要する通常の発酵時間(17時間程度)と比べて、短時間(発酵時間を最短とした場合の実施態様では8.5〜10.5時間)で、納豆の発酵を完了させることが可能となる。これにより、製造の効率化に貢献できることが期待される。
Moreover, in the natto production method of the present invention, compared with the normal fermentation time (about 17 hours) required for conventional natto production, in a short time (8.5 to 10.5 hours in the embodiment when the fermentation time is the shortest), It becomes possible to complete the fermentation of natto. This is expected to contribute to manufacturing efficiency.
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明は、高温発酵温度帯と低温発酵温度帯での発酵を所定の条件にて適切に行うことにより、風味, 食感, 外観, 糸引き性の観点から、従来の納豆とは全く異なる優れた嗜好性を有する納豆、を製造する技術に関する。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The present invention is superior to conventional natto in terms of flavor, texture, appearance, and stringiness by appropriately performing fermentation in a high temperature fermentation temperature zone and a low temperature fermentation temperature zone under predetermined conditions. The present invention relates to a technology for producing natto having high palatability.
〔大豆原料〕
本発明の納豆の製造方法では、通常の納豆の製造に用いることができる如何なる原料をも用いることができる。
例えば、丸大豆、半割大豆、割砕大豆(引き割り納豆の原料)、脱脂大豆などを使用できる。特に高品質の納豆製造時に使用される中粒や大粒のものが好適である。
これらの大豆は、生のまま用いることもできるが、乾燥処理を行ったもの(乾燥品)を用いることが一般的である。
[Soybean ingredients]
In the method for producing natto of the present invention, any raw material that can be used for producing ordinary natto can be used.
For example, whole soybean, half soybean, cracked soybean (raw natto raw material), defatted soybean, etc. can be used. Particularly preferred are medium and large grains used in the production of high quality natto.
These soybeans can be used as they are, but it is common to use those that have been dried (dried products).
本発明では、原料の大豆を常法により蒸煮大豆又は煮大豆にして用いる。成分の流亡を防ぐ意味では、蒸煮大豆が好適である。
なお、蒸煮や煮る操作を行う前には、原料大豆を水に浸漬し、膨潤させて用いることが望ましい。
In the present invention, the raw soybean is used as a steamed soybean or boiled soybean by a conventional method. Steamed soybeans are preferable in terms of preventing the component from flowing away.
In addition, it is desirable to immerse the raw material soybeans in water and swell them before performing the cooking or cooking operation.
ここで、蒸煮大豆の具体的な調製手順としては、大豆を水中に6〜24時間程度浸漬した後、水切りして、100〜135℃の蒸気で10〜30分蒸煮処理する方法を採用することができる。また、0.12〜0.22Mpaの高圧条件にて、加圧蒸煮する方法を採用することもできる。
また、煮大豆の具体的な調製手順としては、大豆を水中に6〜24時間程度浸漬した後、90〜100℃の湯で20〜50分間煮込む方法を採用することができる。
Here, as a specific preparation procedure of steamed soybeans, adopt a method of soaking soybeans in water for about 6 to 24 hours, draining, and steaming at 100 to 135 ° C for 10 to 30 minutes Can do. Moreover, the method of pressure-steaming on the high pressure conditions of 0.12-0.22Mpa is also employable.
Moreover, as a specific preparation procedure of boiled soybeans, a method of immersing soybeans in water for about 6 to 24 hours and then simmering in 90 to 100 ° C. hot water for 20 to 50 minutes can be employed.
〔納豆菌〕
本発明の納豆の製造方法では、後述する発酵特性(所定の温度帯にて高温発酵能や低温発酵能を行う特性)を有する納豆菌であれば、如何なる納豆菌(菌株)をも用いることができる。
ここで納豆菌は、枯草菌バチルス・サチリス(Bacillus subtilis)の変種(B. subtilis var.natto、B. subtilis(natto))として、又は、枯草菌の近縁種バチルス・ナットウ(B. natto)として、分類されている細菌である。
納豆菌の最大の特徴は、煮大豆等に接種して発酵させた際に、粘質物(糸引物質)や納豆らしい風味を生成し、納豆としての特徴をつくり出す特性を有する点である。また、栄養的には、ビオチン要求性を示す。
本発明に用いることができる納豆菌として、具体的には、一般的な市販菌である宮城野菌、高橋菌、成瀬菌の他に、それらの突然変異株や遺伝子組み換え株などの各種菌株も利用することができる。
特に、出願人が自社開発した21541株は、風味の良好な納豆を製造できる点で好適に用いることができる。
[Natto bacteria]
In the natto production method of the present invention, any Bacillus natto (strain) may be used as long as it has the fermentation characteristics described below (characteristics for performing high-temperature fermentation ability and low-temperature fermentation ability in a predetermined temperature range). it can.
Here, Bacillus natto is a variant of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis var. Natto, B. subtilis (natto)) or a closely related species of Bacillus subtilis (B. natto). As bacteria that have been classified.
The biggest feature of natto bacteria is that when inoculated into boiled soybeans and fermented, it produces a sticky material (stringent material) and a natto-like flavor, and has the characteristic of creating the characteristics of natto. Nutritionally, it exhibits biotin requirement.
As Bacillus natto that can be used in the present invention, specifically, various commercially available strains such as Miyagino, Takahashi, Naruse, and various strains such as mutants and genetically modified strains are also used. can do.
In particular, the 21541 strain developed by the applicant in-house can be suitably used in that natto having a good flavor can be produced.
なお、納豆菌の状態としては、即座に増殖発酵可能な栄養増殖状態のものを用いることも可能であるが、胞子状態のものを用いることが通常であり好適である。
胞子状態の納豆菌は、安定保存が可能で取扱いが容易だからである。また、胞子状態の納豆菌は、熱い煮豆等への接種の際にも死滅しないため、豆の雑菌汚染を防げる点で利点がある。
また、胞子状態の納豆菌は、熱によるヒートショックにより、大豆への接種後速やかに発芽させることが可能となる。
In addition, as the state of Bacillus natto, it is possible to use a vegetative growth state that can be immediately grown and fermented, but it is usually preferable to use a spore state.
This is because spore-shaped Bacillus natto can be stably stored and handled easily. In addition, spore natto bacteria are advantageous in that they can be prevented from contaminating beans because they do not die even when inoculated with hot boiled beans.
In addition, spore-shaped Bacillus natto can be germinated quickly after inoculation with soybeans by heat shock caused by heat.
大豆等への納豆菌の植菌は、発酵を均一に行うため、大豆等と納豆菌が均一になるように添加(又は、接種, 散布など)した後、混合等を行うことが望ましい。好ましくは、納豆菌液(納豆菌を液体に懸濁した状態)を調製し、液体状態にて添加して用いることが好適である。 Inoculation of Bacillus natto into soybeans and the like is preferably carried out after addition (or inoculation, spraying, etc.) so that soybeans and Bacillus natto are evenly mixed in order to perform fermentation uniformly. Preferably, it is suitable to prepare a natto bacteria solution (a state in which natto bacteria are suspended in a liquid) and add and use in a liquid state.
ここで納豆菌液としては、(i)市販の納豆菌胞子液の他、各種納豆菌の胞子形成培養液を用いることができる。
また、(ii) グルタミン酸やグルコースを主原料とした合成培地, 大豆煮汁, 豆乳, 酵母エキスなどを含む液体培地にて納豆菌を培養した培養液も用いることができる。
Here, as the natto bacteria solution, (i) commercially available natto spore solution, spore-forming culture solutions of various natto bacteria can be used.
In addition, (ii) a culture solution obtained by cultivating Bacillus natto in a liquid medium containing a synthetic medium mainly composed of glutamic acid or glucose, soybean broth, soy milk, yeast extract and the like can also be used.
また、(iii) 納豆菌の固体培養物、例えば大豆(大豆粉や脱脂加工大豆も含む)に、納豆菌を植菌し培養したもの(納豆そのもの)から納豆菌を集菌し、溶液に懸濁して用いることができる。また、当該固形培養物の粉砕物等をそのまま溶液に懸濁して、用いることも可能である。 In addition, (iii) natto bacteria are collected from a solid culture of natto bacteria such as soybeans (including soybean flour and defatted soybeans) and inoculated with natto bacteria (natto itself) and suspended in the solution. It can be used in a cloudy manner. In addition, the pulverized product of the solid culture can be suspended in a solution as it is and used.
植菌する納豆菌の数としては、常法に準じた菌濃度で特に限定はないが、蒸煮大豆1gあたり102個以上, 好ましくは103個以上, さらには104個以上となるように添加することが望ましい。
また、上限としては、108個以下, 好ましくは107個以下, さらには106個以下となるように添加することが望ましい。
The number of Bacillus natto to be inoculated is not particularly limited by the bacterial concentration according to the conventional method, but it should be 10 2 or more, preferably 10 3 or more, more preferably 10 4 or more per 1 g of steamed soybeans. It is desirable to add.
Further, the upper limit is desirably 10 8 or less, preferably 10 7 or less, and more preferably 10 6 or less.
上記納豆菌を植菌した大豆は、1〜数食分用の個容器に充填した後、個容器内にて後述する発酵を行うことが好適である。また、伝統的な方法として、煮沸した藁苞に充填して行うことも可能である。
また、数リットル体積容の容器等にて発酵を行うことも可能であるが、表面積に対する体積の値が大きくなると、中央部の豆に温度変化が伝わりにくくなることを考慮すると、大きめの容器を用いることは望ましくない。
It is preferable that the soybean inoculated with the Bacillus natto is filled in an individual container for one to several meals and then subjected to fermentation described later in the individual container. In addition, as a traditional method, it is possible to fill a boiled rice cake.
It is also possible to perform fermentation in a container of several liters volume, etc., but considering that the temperature change is difficult to be transmitted to the beans in the center when the volume value relative to the surface area increases, a larger container is used. It is not desirable to use it.
ここで個容器としては、豆の充填が可能なものであれば、どんな容器を用いることもできる。一般的には納豆で一般に用いられるようなPET、PE、PP、PSP等を用いた合成樹脂性の容器や、カップ状の紙製の容器を用いることができる。
また、容器の形状として、当該容器を用いて直接、喫食のための掻き混ぜ(攪拌)ができるような形状のものが好適である。
また、発酵後は、蓋やシーリングによる封を行うことができる態様のものが好適である。
Here, any container can be used as long as it can be filled with beans. In general, a synthetic resin container using PET, PE, PP, PSP or the like generally used in natto, or a cup-shaped paper container can be used.
Moreover, the thing of the shape which can be stirred (stirring) for eating directly using the said container as a shape of a container is suitable.
Moreover, the thing of the aspect which can be sealed by a lid | cover or sealing after fermentation is suitable.
〔発酵工程〕
本発明の納豆の製造方法は、上記大豆に納豆菌を植菌した後、高温発酵と低温発酵を所定の条件にて適切に行うことを要する方法である。
本発明の発酵は、納豆菌の発酵特性が温度条件の違いにより大きく異なることを利用して行う(表12参照)。具体的には、後述する第1〜3の全ての条件を満たすように発酵を行う。
[Fermentation process]
The method for producing natto according to the present invention is a method that requires high-temperature fermentation and low-temperature fermentation to be appropriately performed under predetermined conditions after inoculating natto bacteria in the soybean.
Fermentation of the present invention is performed by utilizing the fact that the fermentation characteristics of Bacillus natto vary greatly depending on the temperature conditions (see Table 12). Specifically, fermentation is performed so as to satisfy all the first to third conditions described later.
・発酵開始
本発明では、納豆菌を植菌した豆の品温が30〜53℃の温度であれば、発酵が開始されたとみなすことができる。
例えば、蒸煮等によって、豆の品温が30〜53℃となっている場合、植菌時点において、発酵が開始したと判断できる。
また、豆の品温が53℃より高い場合、発酵室等に入れて品温が53℃以下に達した時点を発酵開始と判断できる。同様に、豆の品温が30℃未満の場合、発酵室等に入れて品温が30℃に達した時点を発酵開始と判断できる。
-Fermentation start In this invention, if the product temperature of the bean which inoculated natto bacteria is the temperature of 30-53 degreeC, it can be considered that fermentation was started.
For example, when the product temperature of the beans is 30 to 53 ° C. by steaming or the like, it can be determined that fermentation has started at the time of inoculation.
Moreover, when the product temperature of beans is higher than 53 ° C., it can be determined that the fermentation starts when the product temperature reaches 53 ° C. or lower in a fermentation room or the like. Similarly, when the product temperature of the beans is less than 30 ° C., the time when the product temperature reaches 30 ° C. in the fermentation chamber or the like can be determined as the start of fermentation.
ここで、発酵を行うための部屋や装置としては、20〜53℃を含む温度の調節が可能な発酵室, 恒温室, 恒温器, インキュベーター等を挙げることができる。
例えば、(i)昇温及び冷却機能を有する発酵室等を用いることが好適である。当該態様では、発酵における温度条件を正確に調節することが可能となる。
(ii)また、最初に高温設定された恒温室等で発酵を行い、所定時間経過後に低温設定された恒温室等(又は冷蔵室等)に、豆を容器ごと移動することで、豆の品温を調節する方法も採用することができる。
当該態様では、容器の移動の自動化を行うことで、温度調節の無駄を省き、大量生産を効率良く行うことが可能となる。
Here, examples of the room or apparatus for performing fermentation include a fermentation room, a temperature-controlled room, a temperature-controlled room, an incubator capable of adjusting the temperature including 20 to 53 ° C.
For example, it is preferable to use (i) a fermentation chamber having a temperature raising and cooling function. In this aspect, it is possible to accurately adjust the temperature condition in the fermentation.
(ii) Fermentation is first performed in a temperature-controlled room set at a high temperature, etc., and the beans are transferred to the temperature-controlled room set at a low temperature (or refrigerated room, etc.) after a predetermined time. A method of adjusting the temperature can also be employed.
In this aspect, by automating the movement of the container, it is possible to eliminate the waste of temperature adjustment and efficiently perform mass production.
〔第1条件〕
・発酵初期(発酵開始〜4時間未満)
本発明の発酵では、発酵開始から4時間経過時点において、豆の品温が高温発酵温度帯(47〜53℃)になっていることが必須である。
[First condition]
・ Early fermentation (beginning of fermentation ~ less than 4 hours)
In the fermentation of the present invention, it is essential that the product temperature of the beans is in the high temperature fermentation temperature zone (47 to 53 ° C.) at the point of 4 hours from the start of fermentation.
ここで、高温発酵温度帯とは47〜53℃の温度帯を指す。当該温度帯では、納豆菌の通常の発酵温度帯(37<〜<47℃)とは異なる発酵特性を示す発酵が行われる(表12参照)。
具体的には、発酵活性全般が活発化するが、逆に、納豆菌の菌膜形成は顕著に抑制される発酵特性を示す。
Here, the high temperature fermentation temperature zone refers to a temperature zone of 47 to 53 ° C. In the said temperature range, the fermentation which shows the fermentation characteristic different from the normal fermentation temperature range (37 <-<47 degreeC) of Bacillus natto is performed (refer Table 12).
Specifically, the fermentation activity is generally activated, but conversely, it exhibits fermentation characteristics in which natto fungus film formation is remarkably suppressed.
本発明の発酵においては、発酵開始から4時間経過時点における品温が、47℃より低い温度であった場合、豆表面の納豆菌の菌膜が厚く形成されるため、外観の嗜好性が好ましくないものとなる。
これは、豆の品温が通常の発酵温度帯(37<〜<47℃)に長く留まることで、厚い菌膜形成が起こるためである。
一方、発酵開始から4時間経過時点における品温が、53℃より高い場合では、発酵自体が停止してしまうため、好ましくない。
In the fermentation of the present invention, when the product temperature after 4 hours from the start of fermentation is a temperature lower than 47 ° C., the natto bacteria on the bean surface is thickly formed, and thus the appearance preference is preferred. It will not be.
This is because the formation of a thick fungus film occurs when the product temperature of the beans stays in the normal fermentation temperature range (37 <-<47 ° C.) for a long time.
On the other hand, when the product temperature after 4 hours from the start of fermentation is higher than 53 ° C., the fermentation itself stops, which is not preferable.
当該発酵初期における具体的態様としては、例えば、46〜52℃に設定した発酵室に入れて発酵を開始した場合、納豆菌の活発な発酵作用による発酵熱で豆の品温が上昇し、4時間経過時点には高温発酵温度帯(47〜53℃)とすることができる。
また、品温が5℃付近の大豆(例えば、冷蔵保存した蒸煮大豆)に植菌した場合でも、発酵熱と温度設定により発酵開始時点から4時間経過時に当該温度帯となれば、本発明の発酵条件を満たすことになる。
また、品温60℃付近になっている大豆(例えば、蒸煮直後の大豆)に植菌した場合でも、発酵開始時点から4時間経過時に当該温度帯に下がっていれば、本発明の発酵条件を満たすことになる。
As a specific aspect in the initial stage of fermentation, for example, when fermentation is started in a fermentation chamber set at 46 to 52 ° C., the product temperature of the beans is increased by the heat of fermentation due to the active fermentation of Bacillus natto, It can be set as a high temperature fermentation temperature zone (47-53 degreeC) at the time passage.
In addition, even when inoculated in soybeans having a product temperature of around 5 ° C. (for example, steamed soybeans that have been stored refrigerated), if the temperature falls within 4 hours from the start of fermentation by setting the fermentation heat and temperature, It will satisfy the fermentation conditions.
In addition, even when inoculated into soybeans having a temperature of around 60 ° C. (for example, soybeans immediately after cooking), if the temperature falls to the temperature range after 4 hours from the start of fermentation, the fermentation conditions of the present invention are Will meet.
なお、本発明の発酵においては、発酵開始から4時間が経過するまでの間(発酵初期)は、納豆菌が活発化する前段階(誘導期)に相当する。
そのため、当該発酵初期においては、発酵温度豆の品温が高温発酵温度帯になっていることは、必ずしも必須ではない。
例えば、豆の品温が30〜53℃の温度帯(低温発酵温度帯〜高温発酵温度帯の広い範囲)であれば、納豆菌の活性化に十分な誘導作用を与えることができる。
In the fermentation of the present invention, the period from the start of fermentation until 4 hours elapses (initial stage of fermentation) corresponds to the previous stage (induction period) in which natto bacteria are activated.
Therefore, in the initial stage of fermentation, it is not necessarily essential that the product temperature of the fermentation temperature beans is in the high temperature fermentation temperature zone.
For example, if the product temperature of the beans is in a temperature range of 30 to 53 ° C. (a wide range from a low temperature fermentation temperature range to a high temperature fermentation temperature range), an induction effect sufficient for activation of Bacillus natto can be provided.
・高温発酵必須期(発酵開始から4時間経過時以降)
本発明の発酵においては、発酵開始から4時間経過以降、所定時間が経過するまで、豆の品温を実質的に高温発酵温度帯(47〜53℃)に維持することが必須となる。
即ち、発酵開始から4時間経過以降に適切な高温発酵を行うことで、納豆菌の菌膜形成が顕著に抑制され、白色菌膜の付着がない外観嗜好性が優れた納豆を製造することができる。
・ High temperature fermentation essential period (after 4 hours from the start of fermentation)
In the fermentation of the present invention, it is essential to maintain the product temperature of beans in a high temperature fermentation temperature zone (47 to 53 ° C.) until a predetermined time elapses after 4 hours from the start of fermentation.
In other words, by performing appropriate high-temperature fermentation after 4 hours from the start of fermentation, it is possible to produce natto excellent in appearance preference with no significant bacterial cell formation and no white bacterial membrane adhesion. it can.
ここで、4時間経過以降に高温発酵温度帯に維持する所定時間としては、2.5〜7.5時間, 好ましくは3〜7時間を挙げることができる。
当該高温発酵温度帯に維持する時間が所定より短い場合、糸引き性の付与が十分でなくなり好適でない。
また、当該時間が所定より長い場合、発酵が進み過ぎ、煮豆の風味や食感が失われ、納豆臭が付与されやすくなり好適でない。
Here, as the predetermined time to be maintained in the high temperature fermentation temperature zone after 4 hours, 2.5 to 7.5 hours, preferably 3 to 7 hours can be mentioned.
When the time for maintaining in the high temperature fermentation temperature zone is shorter than the predetermined time, the provision of the stringiness is not sufficient, which is not preferable.
Moreover, when the said time is longer than predetermined, fermentation progresses too much, the flavor and texture of boiled beans are lost, and a natto odor is easy to be imparted, which is not suitable.
なお、ここで「実質的に高温発酵温度帯に維持する」とは、完全に当温度帯を外れないことを意味するものではなく、例えば、若干の温度範囲(例えば、2℃以内, 好ましくは1℃以内)で、数分程度(例えば、10分以内, 好ましくは5分以内)であれば、当該温度帯を外れた品温となった場合も、当該発酵条件を満たすことを意味する。 Here, “maintaining substantially in the high temperature fermentation temperature range” does not mean that the temperature range is not completely deviated from, for example, a certain temperature range (for example, within 2 ° C., preferably 1 minute) within a few minutes (for example, within 10 minutes, preferably within 5 minutes) means that the fermentation condition is satisfied even when the product temperature is out of the temperature range.
〔第2条件〕
・通常発酵温度帯通過期
本発明の発酵では、上記高温発酵温度帯(47〜53℃)で維持した後、速やかに豆の品温を47℃から37℃にすることが必須となる。
ここで、37℃より高い温度から47℃未満の温度帯は、通常の発酵が起こる温度であり、発酵作用全般が活発に起こり、菌膜形成や納豆臭の付与等も活発に行われる発酵特性を示す(表12参照)。
[Second condition]
-Normal fermentation temperature zone passage period In the fermentation of the present invention, it is essential that the temperature of the beans is quickly changed from 47 ° C to 37 ° C after being maintained in the high temperature fermentation temperature zone (47 to 53 ° C).
Here, the temperature range from higher than 37 ° C to less than 47 ° C is the temperature at which normal fermentation occurs, the entire fermentation action takes place actively, and the fermentation characteristics where the formation of fungal membranes and the addition of natto odor are actively performed. (See Table 12).
当該温度帯の通過(温度変化)は、可能な限り短い時間で行うことが望ましい。長くても2.5時間以内に, 好ましくは2.25時間以内, さらに好ましくは2時間以内に、47℃から37℃への品温変化を行うことが望ましい。
なお、当該通過を極めて急速に行ったとしても、納豆菌活性や納豆の品質への影響はない。そのため、当該温度変化に要する時間の短限としては、特に制限はなく短いほど好適である。例えば、10分間, 好ましくは30分間, を挙げることができる。
It is desirable to pass through the temperature zone (temperature change) in as short a time as possible. It is desirable to change the product temperature from 47 ° C. to 37 ° C. within 2.5 hours at the longest, preferably within 2.25 hours, more preferably within 2 hours.
In addition, even if the passage is performed very rapidly, there is no effect on the natto bacteria activity or the quality of natto. For this reason, the short time required for the temperature change is not particularly limited and is preferably as short as possible. For example, it can be 10 minutes, preferably 30 minutes.
当該温度変化に要する時間が上記所定時間より長くなった場合、豆の品温が通常の発酵温度帯に長時間留まることになる。この場合、豆表面に納豆菌の菌膜が厚く形成され、外観の嗜好性が好ましくないものとなり好適でない。また、煮豆の風味や食感も失われ、納豆臭が強まるため、好適な嗜好性とはならない。 When the time required for the temperature change becomes longer than the predetermined time, the product temperature of the beans stays in the normal fermentation temperature zone for a long time. In this case, the natto fungus membrane is thickly formed on the bean surface, and the appearance preference is not preferable, which is not preferable. Moreover, since the flavor and texture of boiled beans are lost and the natto odor is strengthened, it is not suitable for palatability.
当該温度変化の具体的態様としては、発酵室等の設定温度の変更や低温設定した室への移動により、品温を冷却する態様が好適である。好ましくは、品温の冷却速度が一定になるように冷却することが望ましい。
なお、当該温度変化の態様としては、上記所定時間を超えない時間内に37℃にする条件であれば、当該温度帯のある温度にて一定時間維持した後に冷却する温度変化の態様でも採用することもできる。
また、一度低下させた温度を再上昇させる温度変化の態様であっても、上記所定時間内に37℃になる温度変化態様であれば、採用することができる。
As a specific mode of the temperature change, a mode in which the product temperature is cooled by changing the set temperature of the fermentation chamber or moving to a chamber set at a low temperature is preferable. Preferably, cooling is performed so that the cooling rate of the product temperature is constant.
In addition, as a mode of the temperature change, as long as the temperature is set to 37 ° C. within a time not exceeding the predetermined time, the temperature change mode of cooling after maintaining for a certain time at a temperature in the temperature range is also adopted. You can also
Moreover, even if it is a mode of temperature change in which the temperature once lowered is increased again, any temperature change mode in which the temperature is 37 ° C. within the predetermined time can be adopted.
〔第3条件〕
・低温発酵必須期
本発明の発酵では、豆の品温を37℃にした後、所定時間が経過するまで、豆の品温を実質的に低温発酵温度帯(20〜37℃)に維持することが必須となる。
[Third condition]
・ Low temperature fermentation essential period In the fermentation of the present invention, after the temperature of the beans is 37 ° C., the temperature of the beans is substantially maintained in the low temperature fermentation temperature zone (20 to 37 ° C.) until a predetermined time elapses. It is essential.
ここで、低温発酵温度帯とは20〜37℃の温度帯を指す。当該温度帯では、発酵活性全般が抑制され、菌膜形成や納豆臭の付与は不活発化するが、糸引き成分の生成は比較的活発に行われる発酵特性を示す(表12参照)。 Here, the low temperature fermentation temperature zone refers to a temperature zone of 20 to 37 ° C. In the temperature range, the fermentation activity is generally suppressed and the formation of fungus film and natto odor is inactivated, but the production of the stringing component is relatively active (see Table 12).
本発明の発酵では、低温発酵温度帯に維持する所定時間として、2〜7時間, 好ましくは2.5〜6.5時間, さらに好ましくは3〜6時間を挙げることができる。
当該低温発酵温度帯に維持する時間が所定より短い場合、糸引き性の付与が十分でなくなり好適な嗜好性の納豆を製造することができない。
また、当該時間が所定より長い場合、豆表面に納豆菌の菌膜が厚く形成され、外観の嗜好性が好ましくないものとなり好適でない。
In the fermentation of the present invention, the predetermined time for maintaining in the low temperature fermentation temperature zone can be 2 to 7 hours, preferably 2.5 to 6.5 hours, and more preferably 3 to 6 hours.
When the time for maintaining in the low-temperature fermentation temperature zone is shorter than the predetermined time, the impartment of stringiness is not sufficient, and natto with suitable palatability cannot be produced.
Moreover, when the said time is longer than predetermined, the microbial cell membrane of Bacillus natto is formed thickly on the bean surface, and the palatability of an external appearance becomes unpreferable and is not suitable.
当該低温発酵温度帯での維持の具体的態様としては、室の設定温度の変更や低温設定した室への移動により、品温を徐々に冷却する態様で行うことが好適である。好ましくは、冷却速度が一定になるように冷却することが望ましい。
なお、当該温度変化の態様としては、上記所定時間の範囲内で20℃未満にする条件であれば、当該温度帯のある温度にて一定時間維持した後に冷却する温度変化の態様でも採用することもできる。
また、一度低下させた温度を再上昇させる温度変化の態様であっても、上記所定時間の範囲内に20℃未満になる温度変化態様であれば、採用することができる。
As a specific mode of maintenance in the low temperature fermentation temperature zone, it is preferable to perform the mode in which the product temperature is gradually cooled by changing the set temperature of the chamber or moving to a low temperature set chamber. Preferably, cooling is performed so that the cooling rate is constant.
In addition, as a mode of the temperature change, as long as the temperature is set to be less than 20 ° C. within the predetermined time range, a temperature change mode in which cooling is performed after maintaining for a certain time at a temperature in the temperature range is also adopted. You can also.
Moreover, even if it is a mode of temperature change in which the temperature once lowered is increased again, any temperature change mode in which the temperature falls below 20 ° C. within the predetermined time range can be adopted.
また、当該条件において「実質的に低温発酵温度帯に維持する」とは、完全に当温度帯を外れないことを意味するものではなく、例えば、若干の温度範囲(例えば、2℃以内, 好ましくは1℃以内)で、数分程度(例えば、10分以内, 好ましくは5分以内)であれば、当該温度帯を外れた品温となった場合も、当該発酵条件を満たすことを意味する。 Furthermore, “maintaining substantially in the low temperature fermentation temperature zone” under the conditions does not mean that the temperature zone is not completely deviated from, for example, a certain temperature range (for example, within 2 ° C., preferably Is within 1 ° C) and within a few minutes (for example, within 10 minutes, preferably within 5 minutes), it means that the fermentation condition is satisfied even when the product temperature is out of the temperature range. .
〔熟成工程〕
本発明の納豆の製造工程では、上記低温発酵温度帯での維持が終了し(低温発酵が終了し)、品温が20℃未満になった時点で、発酵工程が完了したとみなすことができる。
本発明では、当該発酵工程後に得られた納豆は、そのまま喫食に供することができる。
[Aging process]
In the natto production process of the present invention, when the maintenance at the low temperature fermentation temperature zone is completed (low temperature fermentation is completed) and the product temperature is less than 20 ° C., it can be considered that the fermentation process is completed. .
In this invention, the natto obtained after the said fermentation process can be used for eating as it is.
但し、好適な態様としては、上記発酵を経て製造した納豆は、低温にて熟成させることが好ましい。例えば、3〜10℃にて半日〜2日程度の熟成を行うことが好適である。
ここで、低温に冷却するための時間的な制約は特にない。
However, as a preferred embodiment, natto produced through the fermentation is preferably aged at a low temperature. For example, it is preferable to perform aging for about half a day to 2 days at 3 to 10 ° C.
Here, there is no particular time restriction for cooling to a low temperature.
なお、保存に際しては、納豆の品質の劣化やタンパク質等の分解を抑えるためには、好ましくは3〜10℃, さらには3〜6℃で冷蔵することが好適である。 During storage, refrigeration is preferably performed at 3 to 10 ° C., more preferably 3 to 6 ° C., in order to suppress degradation of natto quality and protein degradation.
〔製造された納豆〕
上記工程を経て製造された納豆は、風味, 食感, 外観, 糸引き性の観点から、従来の納豆とは全く異なる優れた嗜好性を有する納豆となる。具体的には、以下(i)〜(iv)に示す性質を有する。
[Manufactured natto]
Natto manufactured through the above process becomes natto which has excellent palatability completely different from conventional natto from the viewpoints of flavor, texture, appearance, and stringiness. Specifically, it has the following properties (i) to (iv).
・(i) 煮豆風味及び食感の保持
本発明の納豆は、従来の納豆では発酵によって失われるはずの煮豆の風味(香りや甘さ)および煮豆の食感を保持したものとなる。
これは、通常の発酵温度帯での発酵を避けて、高温発酵温度帯と低温発酵温度帯での発酵を適切に行うことにより、通常発酵では失われる煮豆風味や豆の食感が保持されることで付与される性質である。
当該納豆において、煮豆の良い風味が保持される要因としては、蒸煮大豆や煮大豆に由来する1オクテン3オール, β-ダマセノン, マルトール, γ-ノナラクトンなどの成分が上記発酵後にも高い含有量で残存し, 且つ, これらの成分が奏する風味を妨げる成分が低減される、ことによって奏されるものと推測される。
-(I) Retaining boiled bean flavor and texture The natto of the present invention retains the boiled bean flavor (aroma and sweetness) and boiled bean texture that should be lost by fermentation in conventional natto.
By avoiding fermentation in the normal fermentation temperature range and appropriately performing fermentation in the high temperature fermentation temperature range and the low temperature fermentation temperature range, the boiled bean flavor and the texture of beans that are lost in normal fermentation are maintained. It is a property given by this.
In the natto, the factors that maintain the good flavor of boiled beans include components such as 1 octene 3ol, β-damasenone, maltol, and γ-nonalactone derived from steamed and boiled soybeans, even after fermentation. It is surmised that the remaining components and the components that hinder the flavor of these components are reduced.
・(ii) 納豆臭の低減
本発明の納豆は、従来の納豆では発酵によって付与されるアンモニア臭や納豆臭が低減されたものとなる。
これは、通常の発酵温度帯での発酵を避けて、高温発酵温度帯と低温発酵温度帯での発酵を適切に行うことにより、通常発酵で付与される納豆臭の付与が抑制されることに起因する性質である。
当該納豆において、アンモニア臭や納豆臭が低減する要因としては、アンモニア、; イソ吉草酸, イソ絡酸等の低級分岐脂肪酸類、;2,5ジメチルピラジン, トリメチルピラジン, テトラメチルピラジン等のピラジン類、;の含有量が少ないことが挙げられる。
-(Ii) Reduction of natto odor In the natto of the present invention, in conventional natto, ammonia odor and natto odor imparted by fermentation are reduced.
This is to avoid the fermentation in the normal fermentation temperature zone, and to appropriately perform the fermentation in the high temperature fermentation temperature zone and the low temperature fermentation temperature zone, to suppress the addition of the natto odor imparted in the normal fermentation. This is the attribute attributed to it.
In the natto, ammonia odor and factors that reduce the natto odor include ammonia, lower branched fatty acids such as isovaleric acid and isoentrapping acid, and pyrazines such as 2,5 dimethylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine, and tetramethylpyrazine. ,; Content is small.
・(iii) 納豆表面の菌膜形成抑制(外観)
本発明の納豆は、納豆菌の白色菌膜の形成が抑制され、豆表面は煮豆様の新鮮な外観が保持されたものとなる。即ち、食品として外観嗜好性が高く好適なものとなる。
なお、通常の発酵後の納豆では、豆表面が白色菌膜で覆われ、‘納豆らしい外観’の印象が強くなる。しかし、菌膜が厚くなると、煮豆が有する新鮮な印象は失われ、腐った豆の印象となる。即ち、食品一般として見た場合、嗜好的な外観としては好適なものとは言えない。
・ (Iii) Inhibition of bacterial film formation on the natto surface (appearance)
In the natto of the present invention, the formation of a white microbial film of Bacillus natto is suppressed, and the bean surface has a boiled bean-like fresh appearance. That is, the food has a high appearance preference and is suitable.
In addition, in normal fermented natto, the bean surface is covered with a white fungus membrane, which gives a strong “natto-like appearance” impression. However, when the fungal membrane is thick, the fresh impression of boiled beans is lost, resulting in the impression of rotten beans. That is, when viewed as food in general, it cannot be said that it is suitable for a tasteful appearance.
本発明の納豆表面の菌膜形成抑制度合いとしては、納豆の水抽出液の濁度として、数値的に表現することが可能である。当該濁度の値が低いほど、菌膜形成の抑制度合いが高いことを示す。
具体的には、納豆50gを水100mLに攪拌し常温(20℃)で3時間の抽出を行って得られた水抽出液について、分光光度計にて波長660nmの濁度(OD660)を測定し、当該値が5.0以下, 好ましくは4.5以下, さらには4.3以下のものが好適である。
なお、当該値の下限としては、特に制限はなく、低いほど菌膜形成が少なく好適な外観嗜好性を有する。
The degree of inhibition of bacterial film formation on the natto surface of the present invention can be expressed numerically as the turbidity of the natto water extract. A lower turbidity value indicates a higher degree of inhibition of bacterial film formation.
Specifically, the turbidity (OD660) at a wavelength of 660 nm was measured with a spectrophotometer for a water extract obtained by stirring 50 g of natto into 100 mL of water and extracting at room temperature (20 ° C.) for 3 hours. The value is 5.0 or less, preferably 4.5 or less, more preferably 4.3 or less.
In addition, there is no restriction | limiting in particular as a minimum of the said value, and it has a favorable external appearance preference, so that a microbe film formation is so few that it is low.
・(iv) 十分な糸引き性
本発明の納豆は、上記(i)〜(iii)の性質を有するにも関わらず、納豆としての良好な風味や食感に必要な十分な糸引き性、を有するものである。具体的には、納豆を掻き混ぜた時に得られるネバが十分に発生したものを指す。
(Iv) Sufficient stringiness The natto of the present invention has the above-mentioned properties (i) to (iii), but sufficient stringiness necessary for good flavor and texture as natto, It is what has. Specifically, it refers to those in which the neva obtained when natto is stirred is sufficiently generated.
当該性質は、納豆の水抽出液の粘度として、数値的に表現することが可能である。当該粘度の値が高いほど、糸引き性が高いことを示す。
具体的には、納豆50gを水100mLに攪拌し常温(20℃)で3時間の抽出を行って得られた水抽出液の粘度(Pa・s)が、70mPa・s以上, 好ましくは80mPa・s以上のものが好適である。
なお、当該値の上限としては、あまりにも高すぎる場合、ネバの発生量が多すぎて喫食し難くなる可能性がある。そのため、例えば500mPa・s以下, 好ましくは400mPa・s以下, さらには300mPa・s以下, を挙げることができる。
This property can be expressed numerically as the viscosity of the natto water extract. A higher value of the viscosity indicates higher stringiness.
Specifically, the viscosity (Pa · s) of a water extract obtained by stirring 50 g of natto in 100 mL of water and performing extraction for 3 hours at room temperature (20 ° C) is 70 mPa · s or more, preferably 80 mPa · s. Those of s or more are preferred.
In addition, as an upper limit of the said value, when too high, there is a possibility that it will become difficult to eat because there is too much generation amount of neva. Therefore, for example, 500 mPa · s or less, preferably 400 mPa · s or less, and further 300 mPa · s or less can be mentioned.
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、本発明の範囲はこれらにより限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated, the scope of the present invention is not limited by these.
〔実施例1〕『発酵温度による納豆への影響』
発酵温度を高温にした場合、納豆の性質にどのような影響を与えるかを検討した。
[Example 1] "Effect of fermentation temperature on natto"
The effect of the fermentation temperature on the properties of natto was examined.
(1)「納豆の製造」
乾燥大豆を水に16時間浸漬し、水切りした後、1.65kg/cm2で30分間加圧蒸煮した。蒸煮した大豆1gあたり105個の納豆菌(納豆菌株:21541株)を添加し、軽く均一化した。
その後、50gずつをPSP製納豆容器に入れて蓋をし、41℃の発酵室(通常の発酵温度), 又は, 49℃の発酵室(通常よりも高い発酵温度)に静置し、表1に示す各所定時間(4, 8, 10, 12, 17時間)の発酵を行った。なお、発酵室静置時の各試料の品温は30℃以上であった。また、その後の品温は、発酵熱により表1に示す温度となっていた。
各所定時間に達した後、各試料を5℃の冷蔵室に移動して静置し、直ちに品温を5℃まで冷却した。
なお、ここで製造した納豆のうち、41℃の発酵室で17時間発酵させたもの(試料1-n5)が、通常の納豆に相当する。
(1) "Manufacture of natto"
The dried soybeans were immersed in water for 16 hours, drained, and then steamed under pressure at 1.65 kg / cm 2 for 30 minutes. 10 5 natto bacteria (natto strain: 21541) per 1 g of steamed soybeans were added and lightly homogenized.
Then, put 50g each into a PSP natto container, cover it, and leave it in a 41 ℃ fermentation room (normal fermentation temperature) or 49 ℃ fermentation room (higher fermentation temperature than usual). Fermentation for each predetermined time shown in (4, 8, 10, 12, 17 hours) was performed. In addition, the product temperature of each sample at the time of leaving a fermentation chamber was 30 degreeC or more. Further, the subsequent product temperature was as shown in Table 1 due to the heat of fermentation.
After reaching each predetermined time, each sample was moved to a 5 ° C. refrigeration room and allowed to stand, and the product temperature was immediately cooled to 5 ° C.
Of the natto produced here, fermented for 17 hours in a 41 ° C. fermentation chamber (sample 1-n5) corresponds to normal natto.
得られた各納豆について、以下の項目の官能評価を行なった。
納豆の表面における納豆菌の菌膜(白色菌膜)形成の抑制度合い(外観)について、菌膜形成が無い場合,又は, 薄い菌膜しか形成されない場合を「○」と評価した。一方、菌膜が厚く形成された場合を「×」と評価した。
また、煮豆の風味について、煮豆の風味が感じられる場合を「○」と評価した。一方、煮豆の風味が感じられない場合を「×」と評価した。
また、糸引き性について、十分に強い場合を「○」と評価した。一方、糸引きが弱い場合, 又は,糸引きが全くない場合を「×」と評価した。結果を表1に示した。
About each obtained natto, sensory evaluation of the following items was performed.
Regarding the degree of inhibition (appearance) of the formation of Bacillus natto bacteria (white fungus film) on the surface of natto, the case where there was no formation of a fungus film or only a thin fungus film was evaluated as “◯”. On the other hand, the case where the fungal membrane was formed thick was evaluated as “x”.
Moreover, about the flavor of boiled beans, the case where the flavor of boiled beans was felt was evaluated as "(circle)". On the other hand, the case where the flavor of boiled beans was not felt was evaluated as “x”.
Further, the case where the yarn was sufficiently strong was evaluated as “◯”. On the other hand, when the stringing was weak or when there was no stringing at all, it was evaluated as “x”. The results are shown in Table 1.
(2)「結果」
・菌膜について
その結果、通常の発酵温度の発酵室(室温41℃)で発酵を行った場合、豆の品温は発酵熱により4時間経過時には42℃に上昇し、8時間目以降は47℃で一定となった。
当該通常の発酵条件では、10〜17時間目まで発酵を進行させると、豆表面に厚い菌膜が形成され、外観が好ましくないものとなった(試料1-n5)。
(2) "Result"
・ About mycelium As a result, when fermentation is performed in a fermentation room with a normal fermentation temperature (room temperature: 41 ° C), the product temperature of the beans rises to 42 ° C after 4 hours due to fermentation heat, and 47 hours after the 8th hour. It became constant at ℃.
Under the normal fermentation conditions, when fermentation was allowed to proceed for 10 to 17 hours, a thick fungus film was formed on the bean surface, and the appearance became unfavorable (Sample 1-n5).
一方、高温の発酵温度の発酵室(室温49℃)で発酵を行った場合、豆の品温は発酵熱により4時間経過時には49℃に上昇し、8〜17時間目までの間50〜52℃で一定となった。
当該高温発酵を含む発酵条件では、17時間目まで発酵を進行させた場合でも、豆表面にほとんど菌膜が形成されず、納豆としての外観が非常に好ましくなることが示された(試料1-h5)。
On the other hand, when fermentation is performed in a fermentation chamber (room temperature 49 ° C.) with a high fermentation temperature, the product temperature of the beans rises to 49 ° C. after 4 hours due to the heat of fermentation, and 50 to 52 for the 8 to 17 hours. It became constant at ℃.
Under the fermentation conditions including the high temperature fermentation, even when the fermentation was allowed to proceed until the 17th hour, almost no fungal membrane was formed on the bean surface, indicating that the appearance as natto was very favorable (Sample 1). h5).
これらのことから、通常の発酵温度よりも高い温度で発酵(高温発酵)を行うことによって、納豆の外観を悪くする白い菌膜の形成を防止することができることが明らかになった。 From these facts, it has been clarified that the formation of white fungal membranes that deteriorate the appearance of natto can be prevented by performing fermentation (high temperature fermentation) at a temperature higher than the normal fermentation temperature.
・糸引き性, 煮豆風味について
また、上記いずれの発酵条件においても、得られた納豆に十分な糸引き性を付与するには、12時間以上の発酵が必要であることが示された(試料1-n4, 1-n5, 試料1-h4, 1-h5)。
しかし、12時間以上の発酵を行った場合、逆に、煮豆風味が失われてしまうことが示された(試料1-n4, 1-n5, 試料1-h4, 1-h5)。
・ About stringiness and boiled bean flavor In addition, it was shown that fermentation of 12 hours or more is necessary to give sufficient stringiness to the obtained natto under any of the above fermentation conditions (sample) 1-n4, 1-n5, Sample 1-h4, 1-h5).
However, it was shown that the boiled bean flavor was lost when fermentation was performed for 12 hours or longer (Sample 1-n4, 1-n5, Sample 1-h4, 1-h5).
このことから、発酵温度を単に変更するだけの設計変更では、十分な糸引き性を付与すると同時に優れた煮豆風味を有する納豆、を製造することができないことが判明した。 From this, it has been found that natto having an excellent boiled bean flavor cannot be produced by a design change that merely changes the fermentation temperature, while providing sufficient stringiness.
〔実施例2〕『冷却条件の違いによる納豆への影響』
高温発酵後の冷却条件の違いが、納豆の性質にどのような影響を与えるかを検討した。
[Example 2] "Influence on natto due to different cooling conditions"
We investigated how the difference in cooling conditions after high-temperature fermentation affects the properties of natto.
(1)「納豆の製造」
以下に記載した条件を採用した点を除いては、実施例1に記載の方法と同様の操作を行って各納豆を製造した。
納豆菌液を添加した蒸煮大豆を、49℃の発酵室に8時間静置した。なお、発酵室静置時の各試料の品温は30℃以上であった。この時の経時的な豆の品温は、4時間経過時で49℃、8時間経過時で52℃であり、高温発酵が行われる条件であった(実施例1の試料1-h2の条件)。その後、30分かけて品温を、47℃(通常の発酵温度帯の上限より少し上の温度)まで冷却した。
次いで、各試料を、冷却機能を備えたインキュベーター内に移動し、品温を47℃から20℃まで冷却する操作を表2に示す各所定時間を要するようにして行った。即ち、冷却速度が速い条件(試料2-1)、中程度の条件(試料2-2)、遅い条件(試料2-3)を設定した。
そして、各試料の品温が20℃に到達した後、5℃の冷蔵室に移動して静置し、品温を5℃まで冷却した。
(1) "Manufacture of natto"
Each natto was manufactured by performing the same operation as the method described in Example 1 except that the conditions described below were adopted.
Steamed soybeans to which the natto fungus solution was added were left in a fermentation chamber at 49 ° C. for 8 hours. In addition, the product temperature of each sample at the time of leaving a fermentation chamber was 30 degreeC or more. The product temperature of the beans over time at this time was 49 ° C. after 4 hours and 52 ° C. after 8 hours, which was a condition under which high-temperature fermentation was performed (conditions for sample 1-h2 in Example 1). ). Thereafter, the product temperature was cooled to 47 ° C. (temperature slightly above the upper limit of the normal fermentation temperature range) over 30 minutes.
Next, each sample was moved into an incubator equipped with a cooling function, and the operation of cooling the product temperature from 47 ° C. to 20 ° C. was performed so as to require each predetermined time shown in Table 2. That is, a fast cooling condition (Sample 2-1), a medium condition (Sample 2-2), and a slow condition (Sample 2-3) were set.
Then, after the product temperature of each sample reached 20 ° C., the sample was moved to a 5 ° C. refrigeration room and allowed to stand to cool the product temperature to 5 ° C.
得られた各納豆について、実施例1と同様にして、菌膜形成の抑制度合い(外観)、煮豆の風味、糸引き性、についての官能評価を行なった。結果を表2に示した。 About each obtained natto, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and sensory evaluation about the suppression degree (appearance) of fungus film formation, the flavor of boiled beans, and stringiness was performed. The results are shown in Table 2.
(2)「結果」
その結果、高温発酵を行った後、4時間20分かけて品温を47℃から20℃までの冷却を行った場合(試料2-2)、製造された納豆には、菌膜形成がほとんど起こらず(外観が優れ)、煮豆風味を有し、さらに糸引き性も十分に強くなることが示された。
(2) "Result"
As a result, when the product temperature was cooled from 47 ° C to 20 ° C over 4 hours and 20 minutes after performing high temperature fermentation (Sample 2-2), the produced natto had almost no fungal membrane formation. It did not occur (appearance was excellent), had a boiled bean flavor, and further showed that the stringiness was sufficiently strong.
一方、冷却速度を早く(2時間かけて品温を47℃から20℃まで冷却)した場合(試料2-1)、納豆に十分な糸引き性が付与されなかった。これは、冷却時での発酵を含む全発酵工程を通じて、十分な量の糸引き成分が生成されなかったためと推測された。
また、冷却速度を遅く(8時間40分かけて品温を47℃から20℃まで冷却)した場合(試料2-3)、納豆に十分な糸引き性が付与されたが、厚い菌膜が形成されてしまい、外観が好適なものとならなかった。また、煮豆の風味も失われてしまった。これは、冷却時での発酵時間が長過ぎためと推測された。
On the other hand, when the cooling rate was fast (the product temperature was cooled from 47 ° C. to 20 ° C. over 2 hours) (Sample 2-1), sufficient stringiness was not imparted to natto. This was presumed to be because a sufficient amount of the stringing component was not generated through the entire fermentation process including fermentation during cooling.
In addition, when the cooling rate was slow (the product temperature was cooled from 47 ° C to 20 ° C over 8 hours and 40 minutes) (Sample 2-3), sufficient stringiness was imparted to natto, but a thick fungus membrane As a result, the appearance was not favorable. In addition, the flavor of boiled beans has been lost. This was presumed to be because the fermentation time during cooling was too long.
これらのことから、上記優れた嗜好性を有する納豆を製造するためには、適切な速度での冷却が必要であることが示された。 From these things, in order to manufacture the natto which has the said outstanding palatability, it was shown that cooling at a suitable speed | rate is required.
〔実施例3〕『冷却条件の検討1』
通常の発酵温度に相当する温度帯(37<〜<47℃)について、当該温度帯を通過させるための冷却条件の違いが、納豆の性質にどのような影響を与えるかを調べた。
[Example 3] "Examination of cooling conditions 1"
About the temperature range (37 <-<47 degreeC) corresponded to normal fermentation temperature, it examined what kind of influence the difference in the cooling conditions for allowing the said temperature range to pass has had on the property of natto.
(1)「納豆の製造」
以下に記載した条件を採用した点を除いては、実施例2に記載の方法と同様の操作を行って各納豆を製造した。
納豆菌液を添加した蒸煮大豆について、実施例2に記載の方法と同様にして、高温発酵を含む条件での発酵を行った。なお、各試料の品温は、発酵室静置時に30℃以上であった。
その後、品温を47℃から37℃まで冷却する操作を、表3に示す各所定時間を要するようにして行った。即ち、当該温度帯を通過させるための冷却について、冷却速度の異なる5段階の条件(試料3-1〜3-5)を設定した。
次いで、各試料の品温が37℃に到達した後、37℃から20℃までの冷却を3時間かけて行った。
最後に、各試料の品温が20℃に到達した後、5℃の冷蔵室に移動して静置し、品温を5℃まで冷却した。
(1) "Manufacture of natto"
Each natto was manufactured in the same manner as in the method described in Example 2 except that the conditions described below were adopted.
The steamed soybean to which the natto fungus solution was added was fermented under conditions including high-temperature fermentation in the same manner as in the method described in Example 2. In addition, the product temperature of each sample was 30 degreeC or more at the time of a fermentation chamber stationary.
Thereafter, the operation of cooling the product temperature from 47 ° C. to 37 ° C. was performed so that each predetermined time shown in Table 3 was required. That is, for cooling to pass through the temperature zone, five stages of conditions (samples 3-1 to 3-5) with different cooling rates were set.
Subsequently, after the product temperature of each sample reached 37 ° C., cooling from 37 ° C. to 20 ° C. was performed over 3 hours.
Finally, after the product temperature of each sample reached 20 ° C., the sample was moved to a 5 ° C. refrigerator and allowed to stand, and the product temperature was cooled to 5 ° C.
得られた各納豆について、実施例1と同様にして、菌膜形成の抑制度合い(外観)、煮豆の風味、糸引き性、についての官能評価を行なった。結果を表3に示した。 About each obtained natto, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and sensory evaluation about the suppression degree (appearance) of fungus film formation, the flavor of boiled beans, and stringiness was performed. The results are shown in Table 3.
(2)「結果」
その結果、品温47℃から37℃までの冷却を30分〜2時間で行った場合(試料3-1〜試料3-4)、製造された納豆には、菌膜形成がほとんど起こらず(外観が優れ)、煮豆風味を有し、さらに糸引き性も十分に強くなることが示された。
一方、品温47℃から37℃までの冷却を2時間40分かけて行った場合(試料3-5)、糸引き性は十分に強くなるものの、厚い菌膜が形成され、煮豆風味が失われたものとなった。
これは、当該温度帯においては通常の発酵が促進され、菌膜形成が促進されたためと推測された。
(2) "Result"
As a result, when cooling from a product temperature of 47 ° C. to 37 ° C. in 30 minutes to 2 hours (Sample 3-1 to Sample 3-4), almost no fungal membrane formation occurred in the produced natto ( It has been shown that the appearance is excellent), it has a boiled bean flavor, and the stringiness is sufficiently strong.
On the other hand, when cooling from 47 ° C to 37 ° C over 2 hours and 40 minutes (Sample 3-5), although the stringiness is sufficiently strong, a thick fungus film is formed and the boiled bean flavor is lost. It became a thing.
This was presumed to be because normal fermentation was promoted and the formation of fungal membranes was promoted in the temperature range.
これらのことから、冷却処理における47〜37℃の温度帯(通常の発酵温度に相当する温度帯)の通過は、菌膜形成による外観悪化を防ぐために、2時間40分を超えない時間内で冷却を完了させることが必要であることが示された。
また、当該温度帯の冷却処理を30分で行った場合でも、好適な納豆の製造が可能なことから(試料3-1)、冷却速度の上限値は特に納豆に影響を与えないものと推測された。
Therefore, the passage of the 47-37 ° C temperature zone in the cooling process (a temperature zone corresponding to the normal fermentation temperature) should not exceed 2
In addition, even when the cooling treatment in the temperature range is performed in 30 minutes, it is possible to produce a suitable natto (Sample 3-1), so the upper limit of the cooling rate is assumed not to affect natto. It was done.
〔実施例4〕『冷却条件の検討2』
通常の発酵温度に相当する温度帯を通過した後の温度帯(20〜37℃)について、当該温度帯を通過させるための冷却条件の違いが、納豆の性質にどのような影響を与えるかを調べた。
[Example 4] "Examination of cooling conditions 2"
For the temperature range (20-37 ° C) after passing through the temperature range corresponding to the normal fermentation temperature, how the difference in cooling conditions for passing the temperature range affects the properties of natto Examined.
(1)「納豆の製造」
以下に記載した条件を採用した点を除いては、実施例2に記載の方法と同様の操作を行って、各納豆を製造した。
納豆菌液を添加した蒸煮大豆について、実施例2に記載の方法と同様にして、高温発酵を含む条件での発酵を行った。なお、各試料の品温は、発酵室静置時に30℃以上であった。
その後、品温を47℃から37℃まで冷却する操作を、1時間40分かけて行った(実施例3の好適条件)。
次いで、各試料の品温が37℃に到達した後、37℃から20℃までの冷却を表4に示す各所定時間を要するようにして行った。即ち、当該温度帯を通過させるための冷却について、冷却速度の異なる4段階の条件(試料4-1〜4-4)を設定した。
そして、各試料の品温が20℃に到達した後、5℃の冷蔵室に移動して静置し、品温を5℃まで冷却した。
(1) "Manufacture of natto"
Each natto was manufactured in the same manner as in the method described in Example 2 except that the conditions described below were adopted.
The steamed soybean to which the natto fungus solution was added was fermented under conditions including high-temperature fermentation in the same manner as in the method described in Example 2. In addition, the product temperature of each sample was 30 degreeC or more at the time of a fermentation chamber stationary.
Thereafter, the operation of cooling the product temperature from 47 ° C. to 37 ° C. was performed over 1 hour and 40 minutes (preferred conditions of Example 3).
Next, after the product temperature of each sample reached 37 ° C., cooling from 37 ° C. to 20 ° C. was performed so that each predetermined time shown in Table 4 was required. That is, four stages of conditions (samples 4-1 to 4-4) with different cooling rates were set for cooling to pass through the temperature zone.
Then, after the product temperature of each sample reached 20 ° C., the sample was moved to a 5 ° C. refrigeration room and allowed to stand to cool the product temperature to 5 ° C.
得られた各納豆について、実施例1と同様にして、菌膜形成の抑制度合い(外観)、煮豆の風味、糸引き性、についての官能評価を行なった。結果を表4に示した。 About each obtained natto, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and sensory evaluation about the suppression degree (appearance) of fungus film formation, the flavor of boiled beans, and stringiness was performed. The results are shown in Table 4.
(2) 「結果」
その結果、品温37℃から20℃までの冷却を3〜6時間で行った場合(試料3-2〜試料3-3)、製造された納豆には、菌膜形成がほとんど起こらず(外観が優れ)、煮豆風味を有し、さらに糸引き性も十分に強くなることが示された。
(2) "Result"
As a result, when the product temperature was cooled from 37 ° C to 20 ° C in 3 to 6 hours (Sample 3-2 to Sample 3-3), almost no fungal film formation occurred in the manufactured natto (appearance) Is excellent), has a boiled bean flavor, and has also been shown to be sufficiently strong in stringiness.
一方、品温37℃から20℃までの冷却を1時間30分で(早い速度で)行った場合(試料3-1)、納豆に十分な糸引き性が付与されなかった。
また、品温37℃から20℃までの冷却を8時間で(遅い速度で)行った場合(試料3-4)、納豆に十分な糸引き性は付与されたが、厚い菌膜が形成されてしまい、外観が好適なものとならなかった。
On the other hand, when cooling from the product temperature of 37 ° C. to 20 ° C. was performed in 1
In addition, when cooling from 37 ° C to 20 ° C in 8 hours (at a slow rate) (Sample 3-4), sufficient stringiness was imparted to natto, but a thick fungus film was formed. As a result, the appearance was not suitable.
これらのことから、冷却処理における37〜20℃の温度帯(通常の発酵温度より低温の温度帯)の通過は、1時間30分より長い時間から8時間未満の間で完了するように、適切に冷却することが必要であることが示された。
即ち、当該温度帯は、通常の発酵とは特性の異なる発酵が起こる「低温発酵温度帯」であることが示された。具体的には、当該温度帯では、納豆菌の発酵作用が弱まり菌膜形成や煮豆風味喪失が起こりにくい温度帯であるが、糸引き成分の生成は比較的活発に行われる温度帯であると推測された。
From these, it is appropriate that the passage of the temperature range of 37 to 20 ° C. (temperature range lower than the normal fermentation temperature) in the cooling process is completed between 1
That is, it was shown that the temperature zone is a “low temperature fermentation temperature zone” in which fermentation having different characteristics from normal fermentation occurs. Specifically, in this temperature zone, the fermenting action of natto bacteria is weakened and the formation of fungal membranes and loss of boiled bean flavor is unlikely to occur, but the generation of the stringing component is a relatively active temperature zone. Was guessed.
〔実施例5〕『発酵温度の検討1』
菌膜形成の抑制が可能な高温発酵の至適温度範囲について、詳細な検討を行った。
[Example 5] "Examination of fermentation temperature 1"
Detailed examination was conducted on the optimum temperature range of the high-temperature fermentation capable of suppressing the formation of fungal membranes.
(1)「納豆の製造」
以下に記載した条件を採用した点を除いては、実施例2に記載の方法と同様の操作を行って、各納豆を製造した。
納豆菌液を添加した蒸煮大豆を、43℃, 46℃, 49℃, 52℃, 55℃の各温度に調整した発酵室で、8時間静置した(試料5-1〜5-4)。なお、発酵室静置時の各試料の品温は30℃以上であった。この時の経時的な豆の品温は、表5に示す通りであった。
その後、各試料の品温を、47℃(高温発酵温度の下限)まで冷却した。
次いで、品温を47℃から37℃まで冷却する操作を1時間20分〜1時間40分で完了するように行い(実施例3の好適条件)、37℃から20℃までの冷却を3時間かけて行った(実施例4の好適条件)。
そして、各試料の品温が20℃に到達した後、5℃の冷蔵室に移動して静置し、品温を5℃まで冷却した。
(1) "Manufacture of natto"
Each natto was manufactured in the same manner as in the method described in Example 2 except that the conditions described below were adopted.
Steamed soybeans to which the natto fungus solution was added were allowed to stand for 8 hours in a fermentation chamber adjusted to 43 ° C, 46 ° C, 49 ° C, 52 ° C, and 55 ° C (samples 5-1 to 5-4). In addition, the product temperature of each sample at the time of leaving a fermentation chamber was 30 degreeC or more. The product temperature of the beans over time was as shown in Table 5.
Thereafter, the product temperature of each sample was cooled to 47 ° C. (the lower limit of the high temperature fermentation temperature).
Next, the operation of cooling the product temperature from 47 ° C. to 37 ° C. was completed in 1
Then, after the product temperature of each sample reached 20 ° C., the sample was moved to a 5 ° C. refrigeration room and allowed to stand to cool the product temperature to 5 ° C.
得られた各納豆について、実施例1と同様にして、菌膜形成の抑制度合い(外観)、煮豆の風味、糸引き性、についての官能評価を行なった。結果を表5に示した。 About each obtained natto, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and sensory evaluation about the suppression degree (appearance) of fungus film formation, the flavor of boiled beans, and stringiness was performed. The results are shown in Table 5.
(2) 「結果」
その結果、発酵室の温度を46〜52℃にして8時間の高温発酵を含む条件の発酵を進行させ、その後に適切な冷却による低温発酵を行った場合、製造した納豆は、菌膜形成がほとんど起こらず(外観が優れ)、煮豆風味を有し、さらに糸引き性も十分に強くなることが示された。
これらの条件での豆の品温は「47〜53℃」であったことから、当該温度範囲は、菌膜形成が抑制されつつ発酵が行われる温度帯であることが示された。
(なお、表5において、当該温度帯を外れる温度を「*」で示した。)
(2) "Result"
As a result, when fermenting under conditions including high-temperature fermentation for 8 hours with the temperature of the fermentation chamber set at 46 to 52 ° C. and then performing low-temperature fermentation with appropriate cooling, the produced natto has a fungus formation. It was shown that it hardly occurred (appearance was excellent), had a boiled bean flavor, and the stringiness was sufficiently strong.
Since the product temperature of the beans under these conditions was “47 to 53 ° C.”, it was shown that the temperature range was a temperature range in which fermentation was performed while the formation of the fungus film was suppressed.
(In Table 5, the temperature outside the temperature range is indicated by “*”.)
一方、発酵室の温度を43℃にして発酵行った場合、厚い菌膜が形成され、外観が好適な納豆にならなかった。
この条件での豆の品温は、4時間経過時にはまだ45℃(通常の発酵温度)であり、6時間経過時以降になってからようやく47℃(高温発酵温度)に達した。
このことから、高温発酵温度に達するまでに長い時間を要した場合(即ち、通常の発酵温度に留まる時間が長かった場合)、菌膜形成を防止できないことが示された。
On the other hand, when fermentation was carried out at a fermentation chamber temperature of 43 ° C., a thick fungus film was formed, and the appearance of natto was not favorable.
The product temperature of the beans under these conditions was still 45 ° C (normal fermentation temperature) after 4 hours, and finally reached 47 ° C (high temperature fermentation temperature) after 6 hours.
From this, it was shown that when it takes a long time to reach the high temperature fermentation temperature (that is, when it takes a long time to stay at the normal fermentation temperature), the formation of the fungal membrane cannot be prevented.
また、発酵室の温度を55℃に設定して発酵行った場合、発酵自体が全く起こらなかった。この時の豆の品温は、2時間経過時で54℃に達し、その後も54℃の状態が維持されていた。
このことから、品温が54℃以上で継続発酵した場合、温度が高すぎて納豆菌の発酵自体が停止することが示された。
In addition, when the fermentation was performed with the temperature of the fermentation chamber set at 55 ° C., the fermentation itself did not occur at all. The product temperature of the beans at this time reached 54 ° C after 2 hours, and the state of 54 ° C was maintained thereafter.
From this, it was shown that when the product temperature was continuously fermented at 54 ° C. or higher, the temperature was too high and the fermentation of Bacillus natto itself stopped.
〔実施例6〕『発酵温度の検討2』
発酵を開始した後、どの程度の時間の内に高温発酵を行う必要があるかを調べた。
[Example 6] “Examination of fermentation temperature 2”
After starting the fermentation, it was examined how long it was necessary to perform the high temperature fermentation.
(1)「納豆の製造」
以下に記載した条件を採用した点を除いては、実施例2に記載の方法と同様の操作を行って、各納豆を製造した。
納豆菌液を添加した蒸煮大豆を、発酵室で8時間静置した。なお、発酵室静置時の各試料の品温は30℃以上であった。発酵室の温度は、40℃にて表6に示す所定時間を経過の後、49℃に上昇させる変更を行った(試料6-1〜6-4:合計時間はいずれも8時間)。この時の経時的な豆の品温は、表6に示す通りであった。
その後、各試料の品温を、47℃(高温発酵温度の下限)まで冷却した。
次いで、品温を47℃から37℃まで冷却する操作を1時間40分で完了するように行い(実施例3の好適条件)、37℃から20℃までの冷却を3時間かけて行った(実施例4の好適条件)。
そして、各試料の品温が20℃に到達した後、5℃の冷蔵室に移動して静置し、品温を5℃まで冷却した。
(1) "Manufacture of natto"
Each natto was manufactured in the same manner as in the method described in Example 2 except that the conditions described below were adopted.
Steamed soybeans added with natto fungus solution were allowed to stand in the fermentation room for 8 hours. In addition, the product temperature of each sample at the time of leaving a fermentation chamber was 30 degreeC or more. The temperature of the fermentation chamber was changed to increase to 49 ° C. after elapse of a predetermined time shown in Table 6 at 40 ° C. (Samples 6-1 to 6-4: the total time was 8 hours for all). The temperature of the beans over time at this time was as shown in Table 6.
Thereafter, the product temperature of each sample was cooled to 47 ° C. (the lower limit of the high temperature fermentation temperature).
Subsequently, the operation of cooling the product temperature from 47 ° C. to 37 ° C. was completed in 1 hour and 40 minutes (preferred conditions of Example 3), and the cooling from 37 ° C. to 20 ° C. was performed over 3 hours ( Preferred conditions of Example 4).
Then, after the product temperature of each sample reached 20 ° C., the sample was moved to a 5 ° C. refrigeration room and allowed to stand to cool the product temperature to 5 ° C.
得られた各納豆について、実施例1と同様にして、菌膜形成の抑制度合い(外観)、煮豆の風味、糸引き性、についての官能評価を行なった。結果を表6に示した。 About each obtained natto, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and sensory evaluation about the suppression degree (appearance) of fungus film formation, the flavor of boiled beans, and stringiness was performed. The results are shown in Table 6.
(2) 「結果」
その結果、発酵室の温度を40℃で1〜3時間経過させた後に、残りの時間(7〜5時間)を49℃に変更した場合(試料6-1〜6-3)、その後に適切な冷却による低温発酵を行うことで、製造した納豆は、菌膜形成がほとんど起こらず(外観が優れ)、煮豆風味を有し、さらに糸引き性も十分に強くなることが示された。
これらの条件での豆の品温は、2時間経過時にはまだ39〜46℃(通常の発酵温度)であったが、4時間経過時には47〜49℃(高温発酵温度)に達し、それ以降も50〜51℃で一定であった。
(2) "Result"
As a result, after letting the temperature of the fermentation room to pass for 1 to 3 hours at 40 ° C, the remaining time (7 to 5 hours) is changed to 49 ° C (samples 6-1 to 6-3), then appropriate It was shown that by performing low-temperature fermentation by simple cooling, the produced natto hardly formed a fungal membrane (excellent appearance), had a boiled bean flavor, and had sufficiently strong stringiness.
The product temperature of the beans under these conditions was still 39-46 ° C (ordinary fermentation temperature) after 2 hours, but reached 47-49 ° C (high temperature fermentation temperature) after 4 hours. Constant at 50-51 ° C.
一方、発酵室の温度を40℃で4時間経過させた後で、残りの時間(4時間)を49℃に変更した場合(試料6-4)、厚い菌膜が形成され、外観が好適な納豆にならなかった。
この条件での豆の品温は、4時間経過時にはまだ38℃(通常の発酵温度)であり、6時間経過時に48℃(高温発酵温度)に達していた。
On the other hand, when the temperature of the fermentation chamber is 40 ° C for 4 hours and the remaining time (4 hours) is changed to 49 ° C (sample 6-4), a thick fungus film is formed and the appearance is favorable. I didn't become natto.
The product temperature of the beans under this condition was still 38 ° C. (normal fermentation temperature) after 4 hours, and reached 48 ° C. (high temperature fermentation temperature) after 6 hours.
これらのことから、発酵開始後、豆の品温が通常の発酵温度帯に留まる時間が4時間よりも長いと、菌膜形成が厚くなることが示された。
従って、本発明においては、遅くとも発酵開始から4時間経過時までには、豆の品温が「高温発酵温度帯」(47〜53℃)に達していることが必要であると判断された。
From these facts, it was shown that when the time during which the product temperature of the beans stays in the normal fermentation temperature range is longer than 4 hours after the start of fermentation, the formation of the fungus film becomes thicker.
Therefore, in the present invention, it was determined that it was necessary that the product temperature of the beans had reached the “high temperature fermentation temperature zone” (47 to 53 ° C.) by 4 hours after the start of fermentation at the latest.
〔実施例7〕『発酵時間の検討1』
上記高温発酵温度帯での発酵が最短でどの程度必要かを検討した。
[Example 7] "Examination of fermentation time 1"
The degree of fermentation required in the above high-temperature fermentation temperature range was examined at the shortest.
(1)「納豆の製造」
以下に記載した条件を採用した点を除いては、実施例2に記載の方法と同様の操作を行って、各納豆を製造した。
納豆菌液を添加した蒸煮大豆を、46℃に設定した発酵室に静置し、表7に示す各所定時間(6, 7, 8時間)の発酵を行った(試料7-1〜7-3)。なお、発酵室静置時の各試料の品温は30℃以上であった。これらの試料の豆の品温は、発酵開始から4時間経過時迄には47℃(高温発酵温度)に達し、発酵終了まで48〜50℃(高温発酵温度)付近で維持されていた。
その後、各試料の品温を、47℃(高温発酵温度の下限)まで冷却した。
(1) "Manufacture of natto"
Each natto was manufactured in the same manner as in the method described in Example 2 except that the conditions described below were adopted.
Steamed soybeans to which natto fungus solution was added were left in a fermentation chamber set at 46 ° C., and fermentation was performed for each predetermined time (6, 7, 8 hours) shown in Table 7 (Samples 7-1 to 7- 3). In addition, the product temperature of each sample at the time of leaving a fermentation chamber was 30 degreeC or more. The product temperature of the beans of these samples reached 47 ° C. (high temperature fermentation temperature) by 4 hours after the start of fermentation, and was maintained around 48-50 ° C. (high temperature fermentation temperature) until the end of fermentation.
Thereafter, the product temperature of each sample was cooled to 47 ° C. (the lower limit of the high temperature fermentation temperature).
次いで、品温を47℃から37℃まで冷却する操作を1時間40分で完了するように行い(実施例3の好適条件)、37℃から20℃までの冷却を3時間かけて行った(実施例4の好適条件)。
そして、各試料の品温が20℃に到達した後、5℃の冷蔵室に移動して静置し、品温を5℃まで冷却した。
Subsequently, the operation of cooling the product temperature from 47 ° C. to 37 ° C. was completed in 1 hour and 40 minutes (preferred conditions of Example 3), and the cooling from 37 ° C. to 20 ° C. was performed over 3 hours ( Preferred conditions of Example 4).
Then, after the product temperature of each sample reached 20 ° C., the sample was moved to a 5 ° C. refrigeration room and allowed to stand to cool the product temperature to 5 ° C.
得られた各納豆について、実施例1と同様にして、菌膜形成の抑制度合い(外観)、煮豆の風味、糸引き性、についての官能評価を行なった。結果を表7に示した。 About each obtained natto, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and sensory evaluation about the suppression degree (appearance) of fungus film formation, the flavor of boiled beans, and stringiness was performed. The results are shown in Table 7.
(2) 「結果」
その結果、発酵開始4時間経過時点から高温発酵完了迄の時間を、3時間で行った場合(試料7-2)、その後に適切な冷却による低温発酵を行うことで、製造した納豆は、菌膜形成がほとんど起こらず(外観が優れ)、煮豆風味を有し、さらに糸引き性も十分に強くなることが示された。
一方、発酵開始4時間経過時点から高温発酵完了までを2時間で行った場合では(試料7-1)、十分な糸引き性が得られず、発酵時間が不十分であることが示された。
(2) "Result"
As a result, when the time from 4 hours after the start of fermentation to the completion of high-temperature fermentation was performed in 3 hours (Sample 7-2), natto produced by performing low-temperature fermentation with appropriate cooling was It was shown that film formation hardly occurred (external appearance was excellent), it had a boiled bean flavor, and the stringiness was sufficiently strong.
On the other hand, when 4 hours from the start of fermentation to the completion of high-temperature fermentation in 2 hours (Sample 7-1), sufficient stringiness was not obtained, indicating that fermentation time was insufficient .
このことから、高温発酵を含む条件での発酵では、発酵開始4時間から高温発酵完了迄の時間が、最低でも2時間より長い時間が必要であることが示された。 From this, it was shown that in fermentation under conditions including high-temperature fermentation, a time from the start of fermentation to 4 hours to the completion of high-temperature fermentation requires a minimum of more than 2 hours.
〔実施例8〕『発酵時間の検討2』
上記高温発酵温度帯での発酵が、最長でどの程度まで行うことが可能かを検討した。
[Example 8] "Examination of fermentation time 2"
To what extent fermentation in the high temperature fermentation temperature zone can be performed at the longest was examined.
(1)「納豆の製造」
以下に記載した条件を採用した点を除いては、実施例2に記載の方法と同様の操作を行って、各納豆を製造した。
納豆菌液を添加した蒸煮大豆を、51℃に設定した発酵室に静置し、表8に示す各所定時間(10, 11, 12時間)の発酵を行った(試料8-1〜8-3)。なお、発酵室静置時の各試料の品温は30℃以上であった。これらの試料の豆の品温は、短時間で47℃(高温発酵温度)に達し、発酵終了まで50〜52℃(高温発酵温度)付近で維持されていた。
その後、各試料の品温を、47℃(高温発酵温度の下限)まで冷却した。
(1) "Manufacture of natto"
Each natto was manufactured in the same manner as in the method described in Example 2 except that the conditions described below were adopted.
Steamed soybeans to which natto fungus solution was added were placed in a fermentation chamber set at 51 ° C., and fermentation was performed for each predetermined time (10, 11, 12 hours) shown in Table 8 (Samples 8-1 to 8- 3). In addition, the product temperature of each sample at the time of leaving a fermentation chamber was 30 degreeC or more. The product temperature of the beans of these samples reached 47 ° C. (high temperature fermentation temperature) in a short time, and was maintained near 50 to 52 ° C. (high temperature fermentation temperature) until the end of fermentation.
Thereafter, the product temperature of each sample was cooled to 47 ° C. (the lower limit of the high temperature fermentation temperature).
次いで、品温を47℃から37℃まで冷却する操作を1時間40分で完了するように行い(実施例3の好適条件)、37℃から20℃までの冷却を3時間かけて行った(実施例4の好適条件)。
そして、各試料の品温が20℃に到達した後、5℃の冷蔵室に移動して静置し、品温を5℃まで冷却した。
Subsequently, the operation of cooling the product temperature from 47 ° C. to 37 ° C. was completed in 1 hour and 40 minutes (preferred conditions of Example 3), and the cooling from 37 ° C. to 20 ° C. was performed over 3 hours ( Preferred conditions of Example 4).
Then, after the product temperature of each sample reached 20 ° C., the sample was moved to a 5 ° C. refrigeration room and allowed to stand to cool the product temperature to 5 ° C.
得られた各納豆について、実施例1と同様にして、菌膜形成の抑制度合い(外観)、煮豆の風味、糸引き性、についての官能評価を行なった。結果を表8に示した。 About each obtained natto, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and sensory evaluation about the suppression degree (appearance) of fungus film formation, the flavor of boiled beans, and stringiness was performed. The results are shown in Table 8.
(2) 「結果」
その結果、酵開始4時間経過時点から高温発酵完了迄の時間を、7時間で行った場合(試料8-2)、その後に適切な冷却による低温発酵を行うことで、製造した納豆は、菌膜形成がほとんど起こらず(外観が優れ)、煮豆風味を有し、さらに糸引き性も十分に強くなることが示された。
一方、発酵開始4時間経過時点から高温発酵完了までを8時間で行った場合(試料8-3)、煮豆の風味が失われることが示された。
(2) "Result"
As a result, when the time from 4 hours after the start of fermentation to the completion of high-temperature fermentation is 7 hours (Sample 8-2), by performing low-temperature fermentation with appropriate cooling after that, It was shown that film formation hardly occurred (external appearance was excellent), it had a boiled bean flavor, and the stringiness was sufficiently strong.
On the other hand, when 4 hours from the start of fermentation until the completion of high-temperature fermentation was performed in 8 hours (Sample 8-3), it was shown that the flavor of boiled beans was lost.
このことから、高温発酵を含む条件での発酵では、発酵開始4時間から高温発酵完了までを8時間を超えない時間内に行うことが必要であることが示された。 From this, it was shown that in the fermentation under conditions including high-temperature fermentation, it is necessary to perform the time from the start of fermentation for 4 hours to the completion of high-temperature fermentation within a time not exceeding 8 hours.
〔実施例9〕『納豆菌株への応用の検討』
上記納豆の製造方法が、他の納豆菌株でも適用可能な一般的な方法かを確認した。
[Example 9] “Examination of application to natto strain”
The method for producing natto was confirmed to be a general method applicable to other natto strains.
(1)「納豆の製造」
以下に記載した条件を採用した点を除いては、実施例2に記載の方法と同様の操作を行って、各納豆を製造した。
表9に示した納豆菌の菌株(蒸煮大豆1gあたり105個)を添加した蒸煮大豆を、49℃にした発酵室で、8時間静置した(試料5-3の好適条件)。なお、発酵室静置時の各試料の品温は30℃以上であった。これらの試料の豆の品温は、短時間で48℃(高温発酵温度)に達し、発酵終了まで50℃(高温発酵温度)付近で維持されていた。
その後、各試料の品温を、47℃(高温発酵温度の下限)まで冷却した。
次いで、品温を47℃から37℃まで冷却する操作を1時間40分で完了するように行い(実施例3の好適条件)、37℃から20℃までの冷却を3時間かけて行った(実施例4の好適条件)。
そして、各試料の品温が20℃に到達した後、5℃の冷蔵室に移動して静置し、品温を5℃まで冷却した(試料9-1〜9-6)。
(1) "Manufacture of natto"
Each natto was manufactured in the same manner as in the method described in Example 2 except that the conditions described below were adopted.
Steamed soybeans to which the natto strains shown in Table 9 (10 5 per 1 g of steamed soybeans) were added were allowed to stand for 8 hours in a fermentation chamber at 49 ° C. (preferred conditions for sample 5-3). In addition, the product temperature of each sample at the time of leaving a fermentation chamber was 30 degreeC or more. The product temperature of the beans of these samples reached 48 ° C. (high temperature fermentation temperature) in a short time, and was maintained at around 50 ° C. (high temperature fermentation temperature) until the end of fermentation.
Thereafter, the product temperature of each sample was cooled to 47 ° C. (the lower limit of the high temperature fermentation temperature).
Subsequently, the operation of cooling the product temperature from 47 ° C. to 37 ° C. was completed in 1 hour and 40 minutes (preferred conditions of Example 3), and the cooling from 37 ° C. to 20 ° C. was performed over 3 hours ( Preferred conditions of Example 4).
And after the product temperature of each sample reached | attained 20 degreeC, it moved to the 5 degreeC refrigerator compartment and left still, and cooled the product temperature to 5 degreeC (samples 9-1 to 9-6).
なお、対照1として、49℃の発酵室での静置を6時間(高温発酵必須期を2時間しか行わなかった条件)で行ったことを除いては同様にして、納豆を製造した(試料9-s1〜9-s6)。
また、対照2として、41℃に設定した発酵室で17時間静置(通常の発酵条件)での発酵を行い、納豆を製造した(試料9-n1〜9-n6)。
In addition, as control 1, natto was produced in the same manner except that it was left in a fermentation chamber at 49 ° C. for 6 hours (conditions in which the high-temperature fermentation essential period was performed for only 2 hours). 9-s1-9-s6).
In addition, as control 2, natto was produced by fermentation in a fermentation chamber set at 41 ° C. for 17 hours (normal fermentation conditions) (samples 9-n1 to 9-n6).
得られた各納豆について、実施例1と同様にして、菌膜形成の抑制度合い(外観)、煮豆の風味、糸引き性、についての官能評価を行なった。結果を表9に示した。 About each obtained natto, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and sensory evaluation about the suppression degree (appearance) of fungus film formation, the flavor of boiled beans, and stringiness was performed. The results are shown in Table 9.
(2) 「結果」
その結果、実施例1〜8で検討した条件での高温発酵と低温発酵を適切に行うことによって、21541株, 宮城野菌, 高橋菌, 成瀬菌、N64株, OUV23481株のいずれの納豆菌株を用いた場合でも(試料9-1〜9-6)、製造した納豆は、菌膜形成がほとんど起こらず(外観が優れ)、煮豆風味を有し、さらに糸引き性も十分に強くなることが示された。
このことから、実施例1〜8で示された納豆の製造法は、多くの一般的な納豆菌株に適用可能な普遍性の高い方法であることが確認された。
(2) "Result"
As a result, by appropriately performing high-temperature fermentation and low-temperature fermentation under the conditions examined in Examples 1 to 8, any of the natto strains of 21541, Miyagino, Takahashi, Naruse, N64, and OUV23481 (Samples 9-1 to 9-6), the produced natto has almost no fungus formation (excellent appearance), has a boiled bean flavor, and has a sufficiently strong stringiness. It was done.
From this, it was confirmed that the manufacturing method of natto shown in Examples 1-8 is a highly universal method applicable to many common natto strains.
一方、高温発酵必須期を2時間しか行わなかった場合、いずれの菌株についても発酵が十分に進行せず、糸引き性が不十分な納豆しか製造できなかった(試料9-s1〜9-s6)。
また、通常の発酵を行った場合では、厚い菌膜が形成されてしまい、外観が好適なものとならなかった。また、煮豆の風味も失われてしまった(試料9-n1〜9-n6)。
On the other hand, when the high temperature fermentation essential period was carried out for only 2 hours, fermentation did not proceed sufficiently for any strain, and only natto with insufficient stringiness could be produced (Samples 9-s1 to 9-s6) ).
In addition, when normal fermentation was performed, a thick fungus film was formed, and the appearance was not favorable. In addition, the flavor of the boiled beans has been lost (Samples 9-n1 to 9-n6).
〔実施例10〕『菌膜形成抑制度合い定量評価』
製造された納豆の菌膜形成抑制度合いについての定量評価を行った。
[Example 10] "Quantitative evaluation of the degree of inhibition of bacterial film formation"
Quantitative evaluation was performed about the degree of inhibition of fungus film formation of manufactured natto.
(1)「濁度の測定」
実施例4, 9で製造した各納豆100g(2パック分)に、2倍量(200ml)の水を添加し、豆を潰さないようにスパーテルにて攪拌した。当該攪拌を30分ごとに行い、常温(20℃)で3時間放置することで、水溶性成分を抽出した。
その後、メッシュで濾過して固形分を除去し、濾液(抽出液)を回収した。
(1) "Measurement of turbidity"
A double amount (200 ml) of water was added to 100 g (2 packs) of each natto produced in Examples 4 and 9, and stirred with a spatula so as not to crush the beans. The stirring was performed every 30 minutes, and the mixture was left at room temperature (20 ° C.) for 3 hours to extract water-soluble components.
Then, it filtered with the mesh and solid content was removed and the filtrate (extract) was collect | recovered.
得られた各抽出液を水で10倍に希釈し、分光光度計にて波長660nmの濁度(OD660)を測定した。結果を表10に示した。なお、表中においては、測定値の高い順に試料を並べて示した。 Each obtained extract was diluted 10 times with water, and turbidity (OD660) at a wavelength of 660 nm was measured with a spectrophotometer. The results are shown in Table 10. In the table, the samples are shown in order from the highest measurement value.
(2) 「結果」
その結果、菌膜形成が抑制された納豆では(試料4-3, 9-1〜9-6, 9-s1〜9-s6)、抽出液のOD660nm(濁度)が低い値を示した。一方、厚い菌膜が形成された納豆では(試料4-4, 9-n1〜9-n6)、抽出液のOD660nm(濁度)は高い値を示した。
このことから、菌膜形成の抑制度合いは、納豆抽出液のOD660nm(濁度)の値で数値化して定量できることが示された。
(2) "Result"
As a result, in natto in which the formation of fungal membrane was suppressed (Samples 4-3, 9-1 to 9-6, 9-s1 to 9-s6), the OD660nm (turbidity) of the extract showed a low value. On the other hand, in natto where a thick fungus film was formed (Samples 4-4, 9-n1 to 9-n6), the OD660nm (turbidity) of the extract showed a high value.
From this, it was shown that the degree of inhibition of bacterial film formation can be quantified and quantified by the OD660nm (turbidity) value of the natto extract.
なお、菌膜形成が抑制された納豆のうち、抽出液のOD660の最大値は0.430(試料4-3)であった。
当該値の10倍値は4.3であることから、水100mLあたりに納豆50gを攪拌し常温(20℃)で3時間放置して得た抽出液のOD660値(濁度)が、当該値以下を示す納豆では、菌膜形成が抑制されている(優れた外観を有する)と判断された。
In addition, among the natto in which mycelium formation was suppressed, the maximum value of OD660 of the extract was 0.430 (Sample 4-3).
The 10-fold value of this value is 4.3. Therefore, the OD660 value (turbidity) of the extract obtained by stirring 50 g of natto per 100 mL of water and leaving it at room temperature (20 ° C) for 3 hours is below this value. In the natto shown, it was judged that the formation of the fungus film was suppressed (has an excellent appearance).
〔実施例11〕『糸引き性の定量評価』
製造された納豆が有する糸引き性についての定量評価を行った。
[Example 11] "Quantitative evaluation of stringiness"
Quantitative evaluation was performed on the stringiness of the manufactured natto.
(1)「粘度の測定」
実施例10で調製した納豆抽出液(濾液)について、B型粘度計を用いて20℃, 30rpm, 20秒の条件で粘度(mPa・s)を測定した。結果を表11に示した。なお、表中においては、測定値の高い順に試料を並べて示した。
(1) `` Measurement of viscosity ''
The natto extract (filtrate) prepared in Example 10 was measured for viscosity (mPa · s) using a B-type viscometer under the conditions of 20 ° C., 30 rpm, and 20 seconds. The results are shown in Table 11. In the table, the samples are shown in order from the highest measurement value.
(2) 「結果」
その結果、糸引き性が十分である納豆では(試料9-1〜9-6)、粘度が高い値を示した。一方、糸引き性が不十分な納豆では(試料9-s1〜9-s6)では、粘度が低い値を示した。
このことから、納豆の糸引き性の強さの度合いは、納豆抽出液の粘度の値で数値化して定量できることが示された。
(2) "Result"
As a result, natto having sufficient stringiness (Samples 9-1 to 9-6) showed a high viscosity value. On the other hand, natto with insufficient stringiness (samples 9-s1 to 9-s6) showed a low viscosity value.
From this, it was shown that the degree of stringiness of natto can be quantified and quantified by the viscosity value of the natto extract.
なお、糸引き性が十分と判断される納豆のうち、抽出液の粘度の最小値は80mPa・s(試料9-3)であった。
このことから、水100mLあたりに納豆50gを攪拌し常温(20℃)で3時間放置して得た抽出液の粘度が、当該値以上を示す納豆では、糸引き性が十分付与されていると判断された。
In addition, among the natto judged to have sufficient stringiness, the minimum value of the viscosity of the extract was 80 mPa · s (Sample 9-3).
From this, Natto with 50 g of natto per 100 mL of water stirred and allowed to stand at room temperature (20 ° C.) for 3 hours has a viscosity of at least that value, and stringiness is sufficiently imparted. It was judged.
〔発酵条件の要約〕
以上の試験により、上記優れた嗜好性を有する納豆を製造するためには、図1に示す温度条件と時間条件を満たす発酵工程が必須であることが示された。
[Summary of fermentation conditions]
From the above test, it was shown that a fermentation process that satisfies the temperature condition and the time condition shown in FIG. 1 is indispensable in order to produce the natto having excellent palatability.
また、本発明の発酵工程における各発酵温度帯について、それぞれの発酵特性を記載した表を、表12に示した。なお、表中の符号は、「++」、「+」、「±」、「−」の順で活性が高いことを示した。 Table 12 shows a table describing the fermentation characteristics of each fermentation temperature zone in the fermentation process of the present invention. In addition, the code | symbol in a table | surface showed that activity was high in order of "++", "+", "±", and "-".
本発明により、従来の納豆とは全く異なる優れた嗜好性を有する納豆を製造することが可能となる。
また、本発明の納豆製造方法は、特定の納豆菌株, 添加物, 機器等の使用を必要とせずに、納豆の製造全般に実施に即座に適用することが可能な技術である。
これにより、本発明は、納豆自体が有する食品としての偏った嗜好性を改善し、納豆の魅力を向上させることに繋がる技術になることが期待される。
According to the present invention, it becomes possible to produce natto having excellent palatability completely different from conventional natto.
The natto production method of the present invention is a technique that can be immediately applied to the entire production of natto without requiring the use of specific natto strains, additives, equipment and the like.
As a result, the present invention is expected to be a technology that improves the unfavorable palatability of natto itself as a food and improves the attractiveness of natto.
Claims (6)
(1) 発酵開始から4時間経過時点より、2.5〜7.5時間の間、豆の品温を実質的に47〜53℃の温度帯で維持する条件。
(2) 上記(1)に記載の温度帯で維持した後、2.5時間以内に豆の品温を47℃から37℃にする条件。
(3) 上記(2)に記載のように豆の品温を37℃にした後、2〜7時間の間、豆の品温を実質的に20〜37℃の温度帯で維持する条件。 A method for producing natto, characterized by performing fermentation satisfying the conditions described in (1) to (3) below after inoculating steamed soybeans or boiled soybeans with natto bacteria.
(1) Conditions for maintaining the temperature of the beans in a temperature range of 47 to 53 ° C. for 2.5 to 7.5 hours from the time when 4 hours have passed since the start of fermentation.
(2) A condition that the temperature of the beans is changed from 47 ° C. to 37 ° C. within 2.5 hours after being maintained in the temperature range described in (1) above.
(3) Conditions for maintaining the product temperature of the beans in a temperature range of substantially 20 to 37 ° C for 2 to 7 hours after the product temperature of the beans is set to 37 ° C as described in (2) above.
(A) 納豆50gを水100mLに攪拌し20℃で3時間の抽出を行って得た抽出液の粘度が、70〜500mPa・sとなる性質。
(B) 分光光度計にて波長660nmで測定した前記抽出液の濁度が、4.5以下となる性質。 A natto produced by the method according to claim 1 and having the properties described in (A) and (B) below.
(A) A property that the viscosity of an extract obtained by stirring 50 g of natto in 100 mL of water and performing extraction at 20 ° C. for 3 hours is 70 to 500 mPa · s.
(B) The property that the turbidity of the extract measured by a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 660 nm is 4.5 or less.
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