JP5982478B2 - How to grow foliage plants - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for growing plants, and more particularly to a method for growing foliage plants that promotes photosynthesis and improves the air environment improvement effect .

Many plants absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and perform carbon assimilation by photosynthesis, releasing oxygen. It is also known that some plant varieties have an effect of removing volatile organic chemical substances (VOC) in the atmosphere (see Patent Document 1 by the present applicant). As described above, since plants have a function of improving the air environment, it is widely practiced to install foliage plants in hospitals, schools, and other facilities. For this reason, if the photosynthesis of the foliage plant can be promoted, it is possible to further improve the air environment improving function, which is desirable.
However, although there are many technological developments for growing plants such as agricultural crops and flower buds, it can be said that research and development for improving the functions of the plants that are used for potted plants is still sufficient. Absent.
Here, as prior art documents relating to plant growth, for example, the plant growth promotion and storage property improvement method described in Patent Document 2, the seedling raising method described in Patent Document 3, the plant cultivation method described in Patent Document 4, and the like Can be mentioned.

Japanese Patent No. 4119961 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-20212 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-6502 JP 2002-142562 A

  In such a situation, the present inventors paid attention to potassium silicate which is rarely used for foliage plants. That is, potassium silicate is fertilized in the vicinity of the root hairs of potted plants, areca palms, etc. And by this, it was found that the photosynthesis of the plant can be promoted.

  Here, the effect as a fertilizer is conventionally known for potassium silicate. For example, Patent Document 2 includes a predetermined amount of a potassium silicate compound, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate and sodium silicon hydroxide, a potassium carbonate compound, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. A composition for promoting plant growth and improving storage stability comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of potassium chloride and reducing sugar is disclosed, and the composition is suitable for the growth of soybean sprouts. Is described. Patent Document 3 discloses a soil block that is used together with a connecting pot and includes a soil containing a soil penetrant and a water-soluble silicic acid-containing material wrapped with a biodegradable sheet material having air permeability and water permeability. ing. And although potassium silicate is described as an example of a water-soluble silicic acid containing substance, this is mainly for raising gerbera seedling which is difficult to transport efficiently. Furthermore, Patent Document 4 describes that a mineral liquid containing quartz porphyry, silicon, and titanium and chlorella are given at a predetermined timing in order to increase the photosynthesis and transpiration rate of plants to enhance the air purification ability and the like. Has been.

  In rice cultivation, silicic acid is used as a fertilizer. Since rice has a long and thin blade, there is a problem that if the silicic acid is insufficient, it hangs down and the efficiency of photosynthesis decreases. For this reason, photosynthesis is promoted by applying silicic acid as a fertilizer to reduce drooping of leaf blades and improving light utilization efficiency. In addition, accumulation of silicic acid in the leaf blades prevents water from being excessively evaporated, and as a result, there is an effect of preventing the opening of pores from being reduced and carbon dioxide uptake insufficient. It is considered.

However, none of these prior art documents disclose the accumulation of a large amount of silicon components in the leaves of foliage plants and promote their photosynthesis, and mention other such techniques. I can't find anything.
This invention is made | formed in view of the said situation, and promotes the photosynthesis of a foliage plant and it aims at improving the environmental improvement effect by the foliage plant.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention intermittently fertilizes a powdered silicate into the container of the houseplant over a predetermined period with respect to the houseplant planted in the container, A pretreatment is performed to supply water so that the soil of the plant is sufficiently moistened. After the pretreatment period, the silicate-containing culture solution is intermittently fertilized into the container of the foliage plant by drip infusion to remove the silicon component. This is a method for growing a foliage plant that promotes photosynthesis in the leaves by accumulating in the vicinity of the leaf veins.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it becomes possible to promote the photosynthesis of a foliage plant and to improve the atmospheric environment improvement effect by a foliage plant.

It is a figure which shows the principle of the growth method of the foliage plant of this invention. It is a figure which shows the photograph of the surface of the leaf of a high silicon content houseplant grown by the Example method of this invention. It is a figure which shows the photograph of the surface of the leaf of the conventional houseplant. It is a figure which shows the comparative test result (weekly fluctuation | variation of oxygen concentration) of the oxygen concentration produced | generated by the silicon high content foliage plant grown by the Example method of this invention, and the conventional foliage plant. It is a figure which shows the comparative test result (diurnal variation of oxygen concentration) of the oxygen concentration produced | generated by the silicon high content foliage plant grown by the Example method of this invention, and the conventional foliage plant.

Hereinafter, a method for growing a foliage plant according to an embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described.
First, with reference to FIG. 1, the principle that a silicon component accumulates in a leaf by the method for growing a houseplant of the present invention will be described.

[Principle to promote photosynthesis by accumulating a large amount of silicon components in the foliage plants]
First, a fertilizer containing potassium silicate is applied to the plant 1 as shown in the lower left of FIG. At this time, it is desirable to fertilize the potassium silicate-containing culture solution 2 in the vicinity of the root hair of the plant and instill water over a certain period of time. Thereby, the water 4 and the silicic acid 3 are absorbed by the root hair by the root pressure and the capillary phenomenon 5. Further, oxygen 8 is released from the leaves of the plant illuminated by sunlight 6, and water is released by transpiration 7. Thereby, the water 4 and the silicic acid 3 absorbed from the root hair rise through the conduit. In FIG. 1, silicic acid 3 is shown as Si (silicon component).

  Next, an enlarged view of the leaf 9 of the plant 1 is shown in the center of FIG. Water 4 and silicic acid 3 reach the leaf 9 through the conduit and are distributed along the leaf veins of the leaf 9. A part of the silicic acid 3 is absorbed by the leaf 9 cells from the veins. In the chloroplast 10 of the cell of leaf 9, carbon dioxide 11 and water 4 are absorbed and photosynthesis is performed, and oxygen 8 and carbohydrate are generated. Further, water evaporates from the leaf 9 and the silicic acid 3 accumulates in the leaf 9. At this time, a part of the silicic acid 3 is decomposed into silicon dioxide 13 and water, and the silicon dioxide 13 accumulates in the leaves 9. In this way, the silicon component is accumulated at a high concentration in the plant.

  Silicic acid 3 and silicon dioxide 13 which are silicon components accumulated in the leaves 9 are white or transparent, and diffusely reflect them when exposed to sunlight 6. It is considered that this diffuse reflection of sunlight 6 promotes photosynthesis in the chloroplast 10 of the leaf 9 and increases the amount of oxygen released from the plant 1.

[Plant growing method]
Next, a plant growing method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
(1) Plant The plant grown in this embodiment is a plant in which silicate is not an essential component as its fertilizer. Therefore, rice is excluded, but both woody and herbaceous can be targeted. Specifically, for example, it is preferable that a foliage plant such as pothos or areca palm is to be grown. Others, Boston Tamashida, Potmum, Gerbera, Shinnoyashi, Aowanekki, Cama edrea zyfrizi, Nephrolepis obliterata, Indian rubber tree, Atlantic ivy, Benjamin rubber tree, Spathiphyllum, Dracaena Fragrance "Masangeana" Kannonchik, Brassia Acti Benifukurin Sennenboku, Dracaena "Warnecky", Koya Blanc, Dendrobium, Defenbakia "Exotica Compactor", Tulip, Fix Alii, Homaromena Balishi, Table Palm, Azalea, Acuraonema "Silver Queen", Nakafuori Suzuran, Insect Banana, Philodendron・ Elveskens, Defenbakia “Camilla”, Philodendron Domeste Kum, Shimananyousugi, Begonia Sempa Florence, Maranta Leuconeura "Kelshobiana", Sissus Ronbifolia "Eren Danica", Christmas Cactus, Philodendron Seroum, Singonium, Himekazura, Anthurium, Karatea, Poinsettia, Eclamenia, Eclamen -It is also preferable that foliage plants such as Faschiata, Croton, Sansevieria Trifaschiata, Aloe Vera, or Karanko are to be grown.

(2) Fertilizer The fertilizer used for fertilization in this embodiment contains potassium silicate. Other points are not particularly limited, and other fertilizer components may be contained. When fertilizing the soil surface, potassium silicate powder particles and the like can be suitably used as a fertilizer.

Moreover, when instilling into root hair, or when fertilizing by a bottom irrigation system, the thing of the following compositions can be used about components other than potassium silicate.
(Compounding component A) Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (2,500mg / l)
(Ingredient B) 1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate (2,500 mg / l, pH 6.5)
(Compounding component C) Potassium nitrate (10,000 mg / l) or iron sulfate heptahydrate (125 mg / l)
(Compounding component D) Calcium chloride aqueous solution The following inorganic salts are contained. Copper sulfate pentahydrate (55mg / l), boric acid (614mg / l), cobalt chloride hexahydrate (55mg / l), sodium molybdate dihydrate (25mg / l), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (55mg / l), manganese chloride tetrahydrate (389mg / l), potassium iodide (28mg / l)
An aqueous solution containing these compounding components A to D, for example, at the respective concentrations described above is prepared, each aqueous solution is mixed and contained at a concentration of 1 ml / l, and potassium silicate is further dissolved to be 100 ppm to 1000 ppm. It can be set as the culture solution containing potassium silicate used in the present embodiment.

Moreover, it is also preferable to fertilize using the soil gel containing potassium silicate.
In this case, a soil gel is prepared by adding a water-absorbing polymer that becomes jelly-like by absorbing water to the potassium silicate-containing culture solution. Examples of the water-absorbing polymer include cross-linked polyglutamic acid. Cross-linked polyglutamic acid is a biodegradable polyamino acid obtained by polymerizing γ-glutamic acid (PGA). γ-glutamic acid is the main component of natto yarn, and cross-linked polyglutamic acid is generally called natto resin. Cross-linked polyglutamic acid has excellent water absorption, biodegradability, and plasticity. A commercially available cross-linked polyglutamic acid can be used. For example, a cross-linked PGA manufactured by Yakult Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., a polyglutamic acid cross-linked product manufactured by Nippon Polyglu Co., Ltd., or a polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) cross-linked product manufactured by Shimane Polyglu Co., Ltd. can be used.

  Further, as the water-absorbing polymer in the present embodiment, sodium polyacrylate (granular), hydropolymer (for example, Tierre (Johnson & Johnson), hydrogel dressing material (for example, Jeripalm (Taketora), Newgel (Johnson & Johnson)) , Intrasite (Smith & Nephew), Granugel (Convatec), Clearsite (Nippon Sigmax), Alginate coating (eg Cultstat (Convatec), Sauvesan (Alcare), Algodame (Medicon), Krabio AG (Kuraray) Etc.) can also be used.

  Furthermore, in order to improve the viscosity of the soil gel so that the container containing the soil gel does not easily spill out even when the container is tilted, depending on the type of the water-absorbing polymer, it is preferably used together with a thickener. As such a thickener, for example, an edible thickener, a thickening stabilizer, a gelling agent, or a paste can be used. The thickening stabilizer means “a polymer substance that is dissolved or dispersed in water to produce a viscosity”, and is sometimes called a paste. Depending on how the thickening stabilizer is used, it is a “thickening agent” when it shows a high viscosity in a small amount, and a “gelling agent” when it is used for the purpose of solidifying a liquid into a jelly (gelation). It is called a “stabilizer” when it is used for the purpose of stabilizing the ingredients of foods by increasing the amount of water. Gelation means that the colloidal solution (sol) loses its fluidity and solidifies into a jelly (gel) with some elasticity and hardness, and the gelling agent has the property of solidifying when cooled. It is a general term for gelatin (animal skin and bones), agar (tengusa), carrageenan and pectin. In addition, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), xanthan gum, guar gum and the like can also be used as a gelling agent.

(3) Breeding method As a plant growing method of this embodiment, when planting a plant, silicate is fertilized at least near the root hair of the plant, and water is intermittently supplied to the plant at a predetermined rate over a predetermined period. And what is necessary is just to make a plant absorb silicon with water and to make silicon contain high in a leaf, Although it does not specifically limit, For example, it can carry out as follows.

First, as a pretreatment, prior to fertilization of a potassium silicate-containing culture solution, powdered potassium silicate is fertilized in a pot in which a houseplant is planted. This is performed about once a day for 3 to 7 days. Fertilization is preferably performed in the soil for the first time and on the surface after the second time. After fertilization, sprinkle water to thoroughly moisten the soil.
The next morning after the pretreatment period, the potassium silicate-containing culture solution is sprinkled on the pot topsoil in which the houseplants are planted. Also, fertilize the potassium silicate-containing culture solution near the root hair. At this time, for example, it is preferable to perform infusion. Specifically, in a part of the growing period (for example, 1 to 20 days), a potassium silicate-containing culture solution is instilled into the root hair at a predetermined rate (for example, 10 to 300 ml / hour) for 1 to 15 hours per day. It is preferable.

Thereby, water and silicic acid are absorbed from the root hair of the foliage plant and reach the leaf via the stem. In addition, a part of silicic acid in the leaf is decomposed into silicon dioxide and water. And water evaporates from the leaf, and silicic acid and silicon dioxide accumulate in the leaf.
When a large amount of silicic acid or silicon dioxide accumulates on the leaf and sunlight irradiates the leaf, the light is irregularly reflected by the silicic acid or silicon dioxide accumulated on the leaf. Thereby, it is considered that the light absorption efficiency of the chloroplast is improved, the photosynthesis is promoted, and the oxygen generation rate is increased.

Moreover, it is also preferable to use a bottom irrigation method as a method of fertilizing the potassium silicate-containing culture solution near the root hair. That is, using a pot equipped with a part that can hold liquid at the bottom and fertilizing the potassium silicate-containing culture solution near the root hair stably over a long period of time by placing the potassium silicate-containing culture solution in the part Can do.
Furthermore, it is also preferable to use soil gel as a method of fertilizing the potassium silicate-containing culture solution near the root hairs. That is, by planting a foliage plant in a soil gel containing potassium silicate, it is possible to fertilize a potassium silicate-containing culture solution near the root hair stably over a long period of time.
These methods are suitable when a large amount of high-content houseplants is produced by the plant growing method of the present embodiment.

As described above , according to the high silicon-containing foliage plant grown by the method of the present embodiment , the photosynthesis of the foliage plant can be promoted and the effect of improving the atmospheric environment by the foliage plant can be improved.
Moreover, when the photosynthesis of a foliage plant is promoted and its growth rate is improved, the amount of water transpiration of the plant is also increased, and the effect of further improving the indoor environment can be obtained.
Furthermore, since silicon can be accumulated at a high concentration in the leaves of houseplants, it is possible to obtain an effect of making the leaves shine under certain conditions.

An example of a high silicon-containing houseplant grown by the method of this embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Areca palm was used as a plant to grow. Moreover, as fertilizer, the potassium silicate containing culture solution which contains the compounding components AD mentioned above in embodiment and contains 500 ppm of potassium silicate was prepared.

First, as a pretreatment, 50 g of powdered potassium silicate was fertilized on the soil of No. 7 pot planted with Areca palm once a day for 5 days. The first time was in the soil and the second and subsequent times on the surface.
On the morning of the next day after the pretreatment, the culture solution containing potassium silicate was sprinkled on the topsoil, and the culture solution containing potassium silicate was instilled near the root hair. This infusion was performed at a rate of 1 L / 8 hours for 4 days during the day using a medical infusion apparatus.

As a result, areca palms with silicon components accumulated in the leaves were grown. The photograph which image | photographed the leaf is shown in FIG. In the figure, the silicon component is reflected in white.
On the other hand, the photograph which image | photographed the conventional areca palm leaf is shown by FIG. This conventional areca palm leaf was sprinkled and sprinkled using the same soil as in the Examples, without fertilizing the powdered potassium silicate and the culture solution containing potassium silicate. Comparing these figures, it can be seen that a larger amount of silicon component is accumulated in Areca palm, which is a high-silicon-containing houseplant grown by the plant growing method of the present invention.

Next, a comparison test result of the concentration of oxygen produced by the areca palm in which the silicon component is accumulated in the leaves obtained by the above-described embodiment and the conventional areca palm will be described with reference to FIG. 4 and FIG. In these figures, “K ₂ SIO ₃ ” indicates an areca palm of the example grown by giving potassium silicate, and “H ₂ O” indicates a conventional areca palm grown by normal watering.

  The test was conducted from December 20th to 26th, 2011, in which two areca palms each having a silicon component accumulated therein were placed in two chambers installed in a certain environmental control room. The light was irradiated by the LED and set to turn on at 8 o'clock and turn off at 18 o'clock. From the afternoon of the 22nd, the temperature of the environmental control room was set to 24 ° C. and the humidity to 50%. Spraying was performed in both chambers, and the temperature was 30 ° C. and the humidity was 80%. The oxygen concentration was measured every day at 10:00, 13:00, and 17:00. The oxygen concentration was low on the 21st and 22nd because of the low temperature in the environmental control room. The result is shown in FIG.

As shown in the figure, the daily average of the oxygen concentration (%) from the 20th to the 26th is 20.9, 20.5, 20.2, 21.2 in the order of “K ₂ SIO ₃ ”. 4, 21.4, 21.3, 21.5, and in order of “H ₂ O”, 20.9, 20.3, 20.1, 21.3, 21.2, 21.2, 21.4 Met.

  On the 26th, the oxygen concentration was measured every hour from 7 o'clock to 20 o'clock in order to investigate the daily fluctuation of the oxygen concentration. The temperature in the environmental control room on that day was 24 ° C., the humidity was 45 ° C., the temperature in both chambers was 30 ° C., and the humidity was 80%. After turning off at 18:00, the oxygen concentration tended to increase gradually. The result is shown in FIG.

As shown in the figure, the oxygen concentration (%) every hour from 7 o'clock to 20 o'clock on the 26th is 21.5, 21.5, 21.5 in the order of “K ₂ SIO ₃ ”. 21.5, 21.5, 21.5, 21.5, 21.5, 21.5, 21.5, 21.6, 21.6, 21.8, 21.8, and “H ₂ O ”in order 21.4, 21.4, 21.4, 21.4, 21.4, 21.4, 21.4, 21.4, 21.4, 21.4, 21.5, 21. 5, 21.6, 21.6.

  From the above, it has been found that the oxygen concentration in the chamber in which the areca palm in which the silicon component is accumulated in the leaves according to the example is arranged is higher than the oxygen concentration in the chamber in which the conventional areca palm is arranged. Therefore, it is considered that photosynthesis is promoted in the areca palm in which the silicon component is accumulated in the leaf as compared with the conventional areca palm.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and examples, and it goes without saying that various modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention.
For example, the present invention can be suitably applied to the case where a plant is grown in a special container used for a rooftop or a wall surface. Other modifications within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.

  According to the present invention, the leaf of a plant such as a foliage plant can be made to contain a high silicon component, thereby promoting photosynthesis. Therefore, the present invention can be suitably used for houseplants installed in all indoor environments such as hospitals, schools, libraries, and businesses. Further, since the same effect can be exerted on plants even outdoors, the present invention can also be used for outdoor plants such as roadside trees.

Claims (6)

A method for nurturing a houseplant planted in a container,
Over a predetermined period, intermittently fertilize the powdered silicate in the container of the houseplant, and perform a pretreatment to supply water so that the soil in the container is sufficiently moistened,
After the pretreatment period has elapsed, the silicate-containing culture solution is intermittently fertilized by drip in the container of the foliage plant, and the silicon component is accumulated in the vicinity of the leaf veins, thereby promoting photosynthesis in the leaves. A method for growing a foliage plant characterized by growing a plant.   The method for growing foliage plants according to claim 1, wherein the silicate is potassium silicate.   The method for growing a foliage plant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the period of the pretreatment is 3 to 7 days.   The method for growing a foliage plant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the infusion is performed at a rate of 10 to 300 ml / hour for 1 to 15 hours per day.   The method for growing a houseplant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the soil in the container of the houseplant is a soil gel.   The method for growing a houseplant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the houseplant is planted in a container for indoor greening, rooftop greening, or wall greening.