JP6020906B2 - Polyester resin composition for electrophotographic toner and toner for electrophotography - Google Patents
Polyester resin composition for electrophotographic toner and toner for electrophotography Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP6020906B2 JP6020906B2 JP2012245970A JP2012245970A JP6020906B2 JP 6020906 B2 JP6020906 B2 JP 6020906B2 JP 2012245970 A JP2012245970 A JP 2012245970A JP 2012245970 A JP2012245970 A JP 2012245970A JP 6020906 B2 JP6020906 B2 JP 6020906B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrophotographic toner
- toner
- polyester resin
- mol
- resin composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
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- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)O)=C1 XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- -1 ether compound Chemical class 0.000 description 16
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- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 9
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- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 6
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- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 229940117969 neopentyl glycol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DZNJMLVCIZGWSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3',6'-bis(diethylamino)spiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(N(CC)CC)C=C1OC1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C21 DZNJMLVCIZGWSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BVFSYZFXJYAPQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(oxo)tin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn]=O BVFSYZFXJYAPQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium ethoxide Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-].CC[O-] JMXKSZRRTHPKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCQDPIXQTSYZJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(butylamino)anthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C(NCCCC)=CC=C2NCCCC OCQDPIXQTSYZJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDCPNGVVOWVKJG-VAWYXSNFSA-N 2-[(e)-dodec-1-enyl]butanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O QDCPNGVVOWVKJG-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNLXEDDUXFMEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-(2-chloroacetyl)thiophen-2-yl]acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=C(C(=O)CCl)S1 ZNLXEDDUXFMEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLAXZGYLWOGCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbutanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O YLAXZGYLWOGCBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZJXEIBPJWMWQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1,1,1-triol Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)(O)O SZJXEIBPJWMWQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005792 styrene-acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
Description
本発明は、植物系天然物であるロジンから誘導される重合ロジン系縮合物を主成分として含有する電子写真トナー用ポリエステル樹脂組成物、および該樹脂組成物を含んでなる電子写真用トナーに関する。 The present invention relates to a polyester resin composition for an electrophotographic toner containing a polymerized rosin condensate derived from a rosin that is a plant-based natural product as a main component, and an electrophotographic toner comprising the resin composition.
近年、プリンター、複写機、ファクシミリ等の画像形成装置に対し、省エネルギー化、高速化、環境配慮などの要求がますます強くなっている。それに伴い、電子写真用トナーにおいては、低温定着性、耐オフセット性、耐ブロッキング性などの諸特性を満足するとともに、バイオマス利用の要求が一層高まっている。 In recent years, demands for energy saving, high speed, environmental considerations, and the like have become stronger for image forming apparatuses such as printers, copiers, and facsimiles. Accordingly, the electrophotographic toner satisfies various characteristics such as low-temperature fixability, offset resistance, and blocking resistance, and the demand for using biomass is further increased.
植物系天然物素材であるロジン類を用いる電子写真トナー用樹脂の開発は既に実施されている。例えば、ロジンやロジンエステルを添加剤として電子写真用トナー組成物に配合することで定着性を改良する試みの他、電子写真トナー用ポリエステル樹脂の構成成分として各種ロジン類を導入する試みがなされている(例えば、特許文献1〜5参照)。 Development of resins for electrophotographic toner using rosins, which are plant-based natural product materials, has already been carried out. For example, in addition to attempts to improve fixability by blending rosin and rosin esters as additives into electrophotographic toner compositions, attempts have been made to introduce various rosins as constituents of polyester resins for electrophotographic toners. (For example, see Patent Documents 1 to 5).
しかし、これら特許文献に記載されたロジン系ポリエステル樹脂は、概して、ロジン骨格の導入割合が少ないと低温定着性が不十分となり、また該導入割合が比較的多くなると固くて脆い性質が現れるため、粉砕性に優れるものの転写像の定着強度(耐摩耗性)が不十分であるなどの問題があった。 However, the rosin-based polyester resins described in these patent documents generally exhibit low-temperature fixability when the introduction ratio of the rosin skeleton is small, and a hard and brittle property appears when the introduction ratio is relatively large. Although it was excellent in grindability, there were problems such as insufficient fixing strength (abrasion resistance) of the transferred image.
従って、環境配慮の観点からポリエステル樹脂に比較的高い割合でロジン骨格を導入した場合であっても、固くて脆い性質が改善され、しかも低温定着性、耐オフセット性、耐ブロッキング性、耐摩耗性などの諸特性を満足しうる新たな電子写真トナー用ポリエステル樹脂の開発が切望されている。 Therefore, even when a rosin skeleton is introduced into a polyester resin at a relatively high rate from the viewpoint of environmental consideration, the hard and brittle properties are improved, and the low-temperature fixability, offset resistance, blocking resistance, and abrasion resistance are improved. Development of a new polyester resin for electrophotographic toner that can satisfy various characteristics such as the above is eagerly desired.
本発明は、環境配慮の観点から、植物系天然物であるロジンから誘導される特定重合ロジン類を比較的高い割合で使用するとともに前記諸特性を満足しうる新規な電子写真トナー用ポリエステル樹脂を提供すること、および該ポリエステル樹脂を電子写真用トナー組成物に適用することを目的とする。 From the viewpoint of environmental considerations, the present invention provides a novel polyester resin for electrophotographic toner that uses a specific polymerized rosin derived from a rosin that is a plant-based natural product in a relatively high proportion and that satisfies the above-mentioned characteristics. It is an object of the present invention to provide, and to apply the polyester resin to an electrophotographic toner composition.
本発明者は前記従来技術の課題を解決すべく、特に、電子写真トナー用ポリエステル樹脂の構成カルボン酸成分の種類、構成アルコール成分の種類、および得られるポリエステル樹脂の物性値、ならびに目的物である電子写真用トナーの諸性能との相関に着目して、鋭意検討を重ねた。その結果、該カルボン酸成分として、特定純度の重合ロジン類を、また該アルコール成分として特定エーテル化合物を、それぞれ特定割合で用いて得られるポリエステル樹脂が、前記課題を解決しうることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 In order to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, the present inventor is particularly concerned with the types of constituent carboxylic acid components of polyester resins for electrophotographic toners, types of constituent alcohol components, and physical properties of the resulting polyester resins, as well as target products. Paying close attention to the correlation with various performances of electrophotographic toners, we made extensive studies. As a result, it has been found that a polyester resin obtained by using a specific purity of a polymerized rosin as the carboxylic acid component and a specific ether compound as the alcohol component in a specific ratio can solve the above problems. The invention has been completed.
すなわち本発明は、二量体含有率が60重量%以上である重合ロジンおよび/または該重合ロジン低級エステルを25〜60モル%含有する全カルボン酸と、エーテル化ジフェノール類を30〜80モル%含有する全アルコール成分とを反応させて得られる、軟化点が90〜150℃、ガラス転移点が45〜75℃である縮合物(A)を、主成分として含有することを特徴とする電子写真トナー用ポリエステル樹脂組成物に係る。また本発明は、該電子写真トナー用ポリエステル樹脂組成物を含んでなる電子写真用トナーに係る。 That is, the present invention relates to a polymerized rosin having a dimer content of 60% by weight or more and / or a total carboxylic acid containing 25 to 60 mol% of the polymerized rosin lower ester, and 30 to 80 mol of etherified diphenols. %, A condensate (A) having a softening point of 90 to 150 ° C. and a glass transition point of 45 to 75 ° C. obtained as a reaction with all alcohol components contained The present invention relates to a polyester resin composition for photographic toner. The present invention also relates to an electrophotographic toner comprising the polyester resin composition for electrophotographic toner.
本発明により、環境配慮型で且つ優れたトナー諸特性を付与しうる電子写真トナー用ポリエステル樹脂組成物を提供できる。本発明で得られる該樹脂組成物は、特定重合ロジン類を比較的高い割合で必須使用した環境配慮型化合物であるとともに、低温定着性、耐オフセット性、耐ブロッキング性、耐摩耗性などの諸特性を満足しうる機能性化合物である。本発明によれば、環境保護などの目的に資することはもとより、従来の電子写真トナー用ロジン系ポリエステル樹脂に比べて、硬くて脆いという物性面での不利が解消され、しかも前記諸性能に優れる電子写真トナー用ポリエステル樹脂組成物を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, a polyester resin composition for electrophotographic toner that is environmentally friendly and can impart excellent toner properties can be provided. The resin composition obtained in the present invention is an environmentally friendly compound that essentially uses a relatively high proportion of a specific polymerized rosin, and various properties such as low-temperature fixability, offset resistance, blocking resistance, and abrasion resistance. It is a functional compound that can satisfy the characteristics. According to the present invention, in addition to contributing to environmental protection and the like, the disadvantages in terms of physical properties of being hard and brittle compared to conventional rosin-based polyester resins for electrophotographic toners are eliminated, and the various performances are excellent. A polyester resin composition for electrophotographic toner can be provided.
本発明の電子写真トナー用ポリエステル樹脂組成物は、後述のような縮合物(A)を主成分として含有することが特徴とされ、該縮合物(A)は後述する要件(1)〜(5)を全て満足するものでなければならない。 The polyester resin composition for an electrophotographic toner of the present invention is characterized by containing a condensate (A) as described below as a main component, and the condensate (A) has the following requirements (1) to (5). ) Must be satisfied.
すなわち、縮合物(A)は、(1)用いる重合ロジンおよび/または重合ロジン低級エステル(以下、重合ロジン類という)が、二量体を60重量%以上、好ましくは80重量%以上含有するもの(以下、特定重合ロジン類という)であること(以下、要件(1)という)、(2)特定重合ロジン類が、全カルボン酸成分中に25〜60モル%、好ましくは30〜50モル%含有されていること(以下、要件(2)という)、(3)エーテル化ジフェノール類が、全アルコール成分中に30〜80モル%、好ましくは40〜70モル%含有されていること(以下、要件(3)という)、(4)縮合物(A)の軟化点が90〜150℃、好ましくは100〜140℃であること(以下、要件(4)という)、(5)縮合物(A)のガラス転移点が45〜75℃、より好ましくは50〜65℃であること、(以下、要件(5)という)からなる全ての要件を具備するものである。なお、重合ロジン低級エステルにおける「低級」とは、メチル、エチル、プロピル基を意味する。以下、別途記載される「低級」なる表現についても、これと同じ意味である。 That is, the condensate (A) contains (1) a polymerized rosin and / or polymerized rosin lower ester (hereinafter referred to as polymerized rosins) containing a dimer of 60% by weight or more, preferably 80% by weight or more. (Hereinafter referred to as specific polymerized rosins) (hereinafter referred to as requirement (1)), (2) 25 to 60 mol%, preferably 30 to 50 mol% of the specific polymerized rosin in the total carboxylic acid component. It is contained (hereinafter referred to as requirement (2)), and (3) etherified diphenols are contained in 30 to 80 mol%, preferably 40 to 70 mol%, in all alcohol components (hereinafter referred to as , Requirement (3)), (4) the softening point of the condensate (A) is 90 to 150 ° C., preferably 100 to 140 ° C. (hereinafter referred to as requirement (4)), (5) condensate ( A) Glass transition point 45 to 75 ° C., more preferably at 50-65 ° C., are those comprising all the requirements made of (hereinafter referred to as requirements (5)). In the polymerized rosin lower ester, “lower” means a methyl, ethyl, or propyl group. Hereinafter, the expression “lower” described separately also has the same meaning.
本発明で用いる特定重合ロジン類としては、目的用途において、色調が重視される場合には、蒸留ロジンを出発原料とする重合ロジン類や、該水素化物などを使用することがより好ましい。前記の重合ロジン類の製造法としては、特に限定されず、公知各種の方法を採用できる。特定重合ロジン類の使用割合は要件(2)に示す範囲とされ、該使用割合が25モル%未満であれば、得られる縮合物(A)の軟化点が低下しやすいため、これを用いてなる電子写真用トナーの耐ブロッキング性または耐オフセット性が所望の水準に達しない傾向がある。また該使用割合が60モル%超であれば、得られる縮合物(A)の軟化点が高くなりやすいため、これを用いてなる電子写真用トナーの低温定着性が低下する傾向がある。 As the specific polymerized rosin used in the present invention, it is more preferable to use a polymerized rosin starting from distilled rosin or the hydride when the color tone is important in the intended use. It does not specifically limit as a manufacturing method of the said polymerized rosins, A well-known various method is employable. The use ratio of the specific polymerized rosins is in the range shown in the requirement (2). If the use ratio is less than 25 mol%, the softening point of the resulting condensate (A) is likely to be lowered. There is a tendency that the anti-blocking property or offset resistance of the toner for electrophotography does not reach a desired level. On the other hand, when the use ratio exceeds 60 mol%, the softening point of the resulting condensate (A) tends to be high, and the low-temperature fixability of the electrophotographic toner using the same tends to decrease.
縮合物(A)を得るために用いる2価カルボン酸類としては、本発明での特徴部分となる前記の特定重合ロジン類以外に、次のような化合物が例示できる。該化合物としては、例えばマロン酸、コハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、ピメリン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸などの脂肪族二塩基酸;マレイン酸、フマル酸、シトラコン酸、イタコン酸、グルタコン酸などの不飽和二塩基酸;フタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸などの芳香族二塩基酸;ドデセニルコハク酸、ドデシルコハク酸、オクテニルコハク酸、オクチルコハク酸等の炭素数1〜20のアルキル基またはアルケニル基で置換されたコハク酸;(メタ)アクリル酸付加ロジンなど、更にはそれらの誘導体である無水物や低級エステルなどが挙げられる。これらは、いずれか1種単独でまたは適宜に組み合わせて使用できる。 Examples of the divalent carboxylic acids used for obtaining the condensate (A) include the following compounds in addition to the specific polymerized rosins which are characteristic portions in the present invention. Examples of the compound include aliphatic dibasic acids such as malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid and sebacic acid; maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, itaconic acid, glutaconic Unsaturated dibasic acids such as acids; aromatic dibasic acids such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid; alkyl groups or alkenyls having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as dodecenyl succinic acid, dodecyl succinic acid, octenyl succinic acid, octyl succinic acid, etc. Succinic acid substituted with a group; (meth) acrylic acid addition rosin and the like, and anhydrides and lower esters which are derivatives thereof. Any of these may be used alone or in appropriate combination.
前記の他の2価カルボン酸類の使用量は、特定重合ロジン類の使用量を勘案して合理的に決定され、通常は全カルボン酸成分(100モル%)のうち40〜75モル%程度、好ましくは50〜70モル%とされる。該使用割合が40モル%未満であると、特定重合ロジン類の使用量が要件(2)の上限値を超える場合があるため、得られる縮合物(A)の軟化点が高くなりやすいためこれを用いて得られる電子写真トナー用樹脂の低温定着性が低下する傾向がある。また該使用割合が75モル%を超えると、特定重合ロジン類の使用量が要件(2)の下限値を下回る場合があるため、得られる縮合物(A)の軟化点が低くなりやすいためこれを用いて得られる電子写真トナー用樹脂の耐ブロッキング性または耐オフセット性が所望の水準に達しない傾向がある。なお、(メタ)アクリル酸付加ロジンを用いる場合には、その使用割合は全カルボン酸成分のうち20モル%以下、好ましくは15モル%とされる。該使用割合が20モル%を超えると、得られる縮合物(A)が固くて脆くなりやすい。 The amount of the other divalent carboxylic acids used is reasonably determined in consideration of the amount of the specific polymerized rosin used, and is usually about 40 to 75 mol% of the total carboxylic acid component (100 mol%). Preferably it is 50-70 mol%. If the use ratio is less than 40 mol%, the amount of the specific polymerized rosin used may exceed the upper limit of the requirement (2), and the softening point of the resulting condensate (A) tends to be high. There is a tendency that the low-temperature fixability of the resin for an electrophotographic toner obtained by using the toner decreases. In addition, if the use ratio exceeds 75 mol%, the amount of the specific polymerized rosin used may be lower than the lower limit of the requirement (2), so that the softening point of the resulting condensate (A) tends to be low. There is a tendency that the anti-blocking property or anti-offset property of the resin for electrophotographic toner obtained by using the toner does not reach a desired level. In addition, when (meth) acrylic acid addition rosin is used, the usage-amount is 20 mol% or less among all the carboxylic acid components, Preferably it is 15 mol%. When the use ratio exceeds 20 mol%, the resulting condensate (A) is hard and easily brittle.
縮合物(A)を得るために用いるカルボン酸成分としては、前記の2価カルボン酸類の他、必要に応じて、1価カルボン酸や3価以上のカルボン酸類(該カルボン酸無水物、該低級エステルを含む)が使用できる。これら化合物は、得られる縮合物(A)を用いてなる電子写真トナー用樹脂が本発明における所望の諸性能を発現しうる範囲内で使用でき、これら化合物を用いることで、得られる縮合物(A)の架橋度を適宜に調節することができる。 As the carboxylic acid component used to obtain the condensate (A), in addition to the above divalent carboxylic acids, a monovalent carboxylic acid or a trivalent or higher carboxylic acid (the carboxylic acid anhydride, the lower Including esters). These compounds can be used within the range in which the resin for electrophotographic toner using the obtained condensate (A) can express desired performances in the present invention. By using these compounds, the condensate obtained ( The degree of crosslinking in A) can be adjusted as appropriate.
前記の1価カルボン酸としては、脂肪酸、単官能ロジン類、t−ブチル安息香酸などが挙げられる。1価カルボン酸の使用量は、通常は全カルボン酸成分のうち10モル%以下、好ましくは5モル%以下とされる。該使用割合が10モル%を超えると、得られる縮合物(A)の架橋度が低くなりやすいため、これを用いて得られる電子写真トナー用樹脂の耐ブロッキング性または耐オフセット性が所望の水準に達しない傾向がある。 Examples of the monovalent carboxylic acid include fatty acids, monofunctional rosins, and t-butylbenzoic acid. The amount of monovalent carboxylic acid used is usually 10 mol% or less, preferably 5 mol% or less of the total carboxylic acid component. If the use ratio exceeds 10 mol%, the degree of cross-linking of the resulting condensate (A) tends to be low, so that the electrophotographic toner resin obtained using this has a desired level of blocking resistance or offset resistance. There is a tendency not to reach.
前記の3価以上のカルボン酸類としては、例えば、1,2,4−ブタントリカルボン酸、トリメリット酸、ナフタレントリカルボン酸、ピロメリット酸、マレイン化ロジン、フマル化ロジンなど、およびこれらの酸無水物や低級エステルなどが挙げられる。これらの中でも、安価で、反応制御が容易なことから、トリメリット酸または該無水物が好ましく使用できる。 Examples of the trivalent or higher carboxylic acids include 1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid, trimellitic acid, naphthalenetricarboxylic acid, pyromellitic acid, maleated rosin, fumarated rosin, and acid anhydrides thereof. And lower esters. Among these, trimellitic acid or the anhydride can be preferably used because it is inexpensive and easy to control the reaction.
3価以上のカルボン酸類の使用量は、通常は全カルボン酸成分のうち10モル%以下、好ましくは5モル%以下とされる。該使用割合が10モル%を超えると、得られる縮合物(A)の架橋度が高くなりやすいため、これを用いて得られる電子写真トナー用樹脂の低温定着性が所望の水準に達しない傾向がある。 The amount of trivalent or higher carboxylic acids used is usually 10 mol% or less, preferably 5 mol% or less of the total carboxylic acid component. If the use ratio exceeds 10 mol%, the degree of crosslinking of the resulting condensate (A) tends to be high, and the low-temperature fixability of the resin for electrophotographic toners obtained using this tends to not reach a desired level. There is.
縮合物(A)を得るために用いるアルコール成分としては、本発明での特徴部分となるエーテル化ジフェノール類が必須使用される。該エーテル化ジフェノール類としては、例えば、ポリオキシプロピレン(2.2)−2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、ポリオキシプロピレン(3.3)−2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、ポリオキシエチレン(2.0)−2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、ポリオキシエチレン(2.2)−2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、ポリオキシプロピレン(2.0)−ポリオキシエチレン(2.0)−2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン、ポリオキシプロピレン(6)−2,2−ビス(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパンなどのビスフェノールAのアルキレンオキシド付加物が挙げられる。アルキレンオキシドの平均付加モル数は、1〜16程度、好ましくは2〜8である。 As the alcohol component used for obtaining the condensate (A), etherified diphenols which are characteristic parts in the present invention are essential. Examples of the etherified diphenols include polyoxypropylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (3.3) -2,2-bis (4- Hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxyethylene (2.0) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxyethylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, poly Oxypropylene (2.0) -polyoxyethylene (2.0) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, polyoxypropylene (6) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, etc. And an alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A. The average number of moles of alkylene oxide added is about 1 to 16, preferably 2 to 8.
エーテル化ジフェノール類の使用量は、前記要件(3)に示すような範囲とされ、該使用割合が30モル%未満であれば、得られる縮合物(A)の軟化点が低下しやすいため、これを用いてなる電子写真用トナーの耐ブロッキング性または耐オフセット性が所望の水準に達しない傾向がある。また該使用割合が80モル%を超えると、得られる縮合物(A)の軟化点が高くなりやすいため、これを用いてなる電子写真用トナーの低温定着性が低下する傾向がある。 The amount of etherified diphenols used is in the range shown in the above requirement (3), and if the use ratio is less than 30 mol%, the softening point of the resulting condensate (A) is likely to be lowered. The anti-blocking property or the anti-offset property of the electrophotographic toner using this tends to not reach a desired level. On the other hand, when the use ratio exceeds 80 mol%, the softening point of the resulting condensate (A) tends to be high, so that the low-temperature fixability of the electrophotographic toner using the same tends to decrease.
縮合物(A)を得るために用いる他の2価アルコール類としては、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、1,2−プロピレングリコール、1,3−プロピレングリコール、1,4−ブタンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、1,4−ブタンジオール、1,5−ペンタンジオール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノール、ジプロピレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール、ポリテトラメチレングリコール、ビスフェノールA、水素添加ビスフェノールAなどが挙げられ、これら化合物は、いずれか1種単独でまたは適宜に組み合わせて用いられる。 Other dihydric alcohols used to obtain the condensate (A) include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, neo Pentyl glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, bisphenol A, Examples thereof include hydrogenated bisphenol A, and these compounds are used alone or in appropriate combination.
該他の2価アルコール類の使用量は、エーテル化ジフェノール類の使用量を勘案して合理的に決定され、通常は全アルコール酸成分(100モル%)のうち20〜70モル%程度、好ましくは30〜60モル%である。該使用割合が20モル%未満であると、エーテル化ジフェノール類の使用量が要件(3)の上限値を超える場合があるため、得られる縮合物(A)の軟化点が高くなりやすいためこれを用いて得られる電子写真トナー用樹脂の低温定着性が低下する傾向がある。また該使用割合が70モル%を超えると、エーテル化ジフェノール類の使用量が要件(3)の下限値を下回る場合があるため、得られる縮合物(A)の軟化点が低くなりやすいためこれを用いて得られる電子写真トナー用樹脂の耐ブロッキング性または耐オフセット性が所望の水準に達しない傾向がある。 The amount of the other dihydric alcohol used is reasonably determined in consideration of the amount of the etherified diphenol used, and is usually about 20 to 70 mol% of the total alcohol acid component (100 mol%). Preferably it is 30-60 mol%. If the use ratio is less than 20 mol%, the use amount of etherified diphenols may exceed the upper limit of requirement (3), and the softening point of the resulting condensate (A) tends to be high. There is a tendency that the low-temperature fixability of the resin for an electrophotographic toner obtained by using this is lowered. Moreover, since the usage-amount of etherified diphenols may fall below the lower limit of a requirement (3) when this usage rate exceeds 70 mol%, the softening point of the condensate (A) obtained tends to become low. There is a tendency that the blocking resistance or offset resistance of the resin for electrophotographic toner obtained by using this does not reach a desired level.
また、アルコール成分には3価以上のアルコール類を使用することもできる。3価以上のアルコール類としては、例えば、グリセリン、トリメチロールプロパン、2−メチルプロパントリオール、ペンタエリスリトール、ジペンタエリスリトール、ソルビトールなどが挙げられ、これら化合物は、いずれか1種単独でまたは適宜に組み合わせて用いられる。 Moreover, trihydric or more alcohols can also be used for an alcohol component. Examples of the trivalent or higher alcohols include glycerin, trimethylolpropane, 2-methylpropanetriol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, sorbitol, etc., and these compounds may be used alone or in appropriate combination. Used.
該3価以上のアルコール類の使用量は、特に限定されないが、通常は全アルコール酸成分のうち10モル%以下、好ましくは5モル%以下である。該使用割合が10モル%を超えると、得られる縮合物(A)の架橋度が高くなり過ぎ、これを用いて得られる電子写真トナー用樹脂の低温定着性が所望の水準に達しない傾向がある。 The amount of the trihydric or higher alcohol used is not particularly limited, but is usually 10 mol% or less, preferably 5 mol% or less of the total alcohol acid component. When the use ratio exceeds 10 mol%, the degree of crosslinking of the resulting condensate (A) becomes too high, and the low-temperature fixability of the resin for electrophotographic toner obtained using this tends to not reach a desired level. is there.
縮合物(A)の製造方法は、特に限定されず、公知各種のエステル化反応やエステル交換反応を適宜に選択することができる。例えば、所定の反応容器に前記の全カルボン酸成分および全アルコール成分を仕込み、エステル化触媒の存在または不存在下に、不活性ガスを吹き込みながら180〜260℃程度で脱水縮合を進行させればよい。全カルボン酸成分および全アルコール成分の仕込み比率は、格別限定されないが、通常はOH/COOH(当量比)が1.2〜0.8程度、好ましくは0.9〜1.1となるように各仕込み量を決定すればよい。該反応の追跡は、酸価、粘度または軟化点を測定して行なうことができる。なお、前記エステル化触媒としては、例えば、酢酸亜鉛、酸化亜鉛、酸化第一錫、モノブチル錫オキシド、ジブチル錫オキシド、ジブチル錫ジラウレート、テトラアルキルオルトチタネート、ジルコニウムアルコキシドなどが挙げられる。テトラアルキルオルトチタネートとしてはテトラエチルオルトチタネート、テトラブチルオルトチタネートが好適に用いられる。ジルコニウムアルコキシドとしてはテトラエチルオルトジルコネート、テトライソプロピルオルトジルコネートなどがいずれも好適に用いられる。 The manufacturing method of a condensate (A) is not specifically limited, Well-known various esterification reaction and transesterification can be selected suitably. For example, if all the carboxylic acid components and all alcohol components are charged into a predetermined reaction vessel, and dehydration condensation proceeds at about 180 to 260 ° C. while blowing an inert gas in the presence or absence of an esterification catalyst. Good. The charging ratio of the total carboxylic acid component and the total alcohol component is not particularly limited, but usually the OH / COOH (equivalent ratio) is about 1.2 to 0.8, preferably 0.9 to 1.1. What is necessary is just to determine each preparation amount. The reaction can be traced by measuring the acid value, viscosity or softening point. Examples of the esterification catalyst include zinc acetate, zinc oxide, stannous oxide, monobutyltin oxide, dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dilaurate, tetraalkylorthotitanate, and zirconium alkoxide. As the tetraalkyl orthotitanate, tetraethyl orthotitanate and tetrabutyl orthotitanate are preferably used. As the zirconium alkoxide, tetraethyl orthozirconate, tetraisopropyl orthozirconate and the like are preferably used.
縮合物(A)の軟化点は、低温定着性、耐オフセット性、耐ブロッキング性などの諸特性を考慮して、前記要件(4)のとおりに決定される。 The softening point of the condensate (A) is determined as described in the above requirement (4) in consideration of various properties such as low-temperature fixability, offset resistance, and blocking resistance.
縮合物(A)のガラス転移点は、前記諸特性を考慮して、前記要件(5)のとおりに決定される。 The glass transition point of the condensate (A) is determined as in the requirement (5) in consideration of the above characteristics.
本発明の電子写真トナー用ポリエステル樹脂組成物は、縮合物(A)を主成分として含有するものである。本発明の該樹脂組成物には、必要に応じて、各種添加剤をあらかじめ含有させておいてもよいが、トナーを調製する際にこれらの添加剤を配合する方法がより一般的である。該添加剤としては、着色剤、荷電制御剤、流動性向上剤、クリーニング性向上剤、導電性物質、体質顔料、繊維状物質等の補強充填剤、酸化防止剤、老化防止剤、オフセット防止剤等が挙げられ、これらは単独でまたは2種以上を混合して用いられる。 The polyester resin composition for an electrophotographic toner of the present invention contains the condensate (A) as a main component. The resin composition of the present invention may contain various additives in advance as required, but a method of adding these additives when preparing a toner is more general. Examples of the additive include a coloring agent, a charge control agent, a fluidity improver, a cleaning improver, a conductive filler, an extender, a reinforcing filler such as a fibrous substance, an antioxidant, an antiaging agent, and an offset preventing agent. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
本発明の電子写真トナー用ポリエステル樹脂組成物をトナー用結着樹脂として用いることにより、低温定着性、耐オフセット性、耐ブロッキング性、耐摩耗性などの諸特性に優れる電子写真用トナーを提供できる。本発明の電子写真トナー用ポリエステル樹脂組成物や電子写真用トナーには、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、公知の結着樹脂、例えば、スチレン−アクリル樹脂等のビニル系樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリカーボネート、ポリウレタン等の他の樹脂を添加してもよいが、本発明の電子写真トナー用ポリエステル樹脂(縮合物(A))の含有量は、全結着樹脂中、通常は70重量%以上、好ましくは80重量%以上であり、実質的に100重量%であることが更に好ましい。 By using the polyester resin composition for electrophotographic toner of the present invention as a binder resin for toner, it is possible to provide an electrophotographic toner excellent in various properties such as low-temperature fixability, offset resistance, blocking resistance and abrasion resistance. . In the polyester resin composition for electrophotographic toner and the toner for electrophotography of the present invention, a known binder resin, for example, a vinyl resin such as styrene-acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, and the like, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Although other resins such as polycarbonate and polyurethane may be added, the content of the polyester resin for electrophotographic toner of the present invention (condensate (A)) is usually 70% by weight or more in the total binder resin, Preferably it is 80 weight% or more, and it is still more preferable that it is 100 weight% substantially.
なお、前記着色剤としては、トナー用着色剤として用いられている公知各種の染料、顔料などを格別限定なく使用でき、例えば、カーボンブラック、フタロシアニンブルー、パーマネントブラウンFG、ブリリアントファーストスカーレット、ピグメントグリーンB、ローダミン−Bベース、ソルベントレッド49、ソルベントレッド146、ソルベントブルー35、キナクリドン、カーミン6B、ジスアゾエロー等が挙げられる。本発明のトナーは、黒トナー、カラートナーのいずれであってもよい。着色剤の含有量は、結着樹脂100重量部に対して、通常1〜40重量部、好ましくは2〜10重量部とされる。 As the colorant, known various dyes and pigments used as toner colorants can be used without particular limitation. For example, carbon black, phthalocyanine blue, permanent brown FG, brilliant first scarlet, pigment green B , Rhodamine-B base, solvent red 49, solvent red 146, solvent blue 35, quinacridone, carmine 6B, disazo yellow and the like. The toner of the present invention may be either black toner or color toner. The content of the colorant is usually 1 to 40 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
前記帯電制御剤としては低分子化合物から高分子化合物まで各種の物質が使用できるが、例えばニグロシン染料、4級アンモニウム塩化合物、アミノ基を有するモノマ−を単独重合あるいは共重合してなる高分子化合物や、有機金属錯体、キレート化合物等が挙げられる。 As the charge control agent, various substances from low molecular weight compounds to high molecular weight compounds can be used. For example, a high molecular weight compound obtained by homopolymerizing or copolymerizing a nigrosine dye, a quaternary ammonium salt compound, and a monomer having an amino group. And organometallic complexes and chelate compounds.
前記流動調整剤はトナーの流動性を向上させるために添加されるが、例えばフッ化ビニリデン微粉末、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン微粉末、湿式法若しくは乾式法のシリカ微粉末などを挙げることができる。 The flow modifier is added to improve the fluidity of the toner, and examples thereof include vinylidene fluoride fine powder, polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder, and wet or dry silica fine powder.
本発明の電子写真用トナーの製造方法は、格別限定されず、例えば溶融混練法により粉砕トナーを調製することができる。該粉砕トナーを製造する場合は、本発明の電子写真トナー用ポリエステル樹脂組成物および前記添加剤などをヘンシェルミキサーなどの混合機により予備混合した後、密閉式ニーダーなどの公知混練機を用いて溶融混練物を調製する。ついで、該混練物を冷却し、粗粉砕した後、機械粉砕法またはエアー式粉砕法によって所望の所定粒子径を有するトナー粒子を調製する。更に必要に応じて、該トナー粒子を風力分級機などで分級することにより、通常は体積平均粒子径が5〜15μmとなるように調整される。 The method for producing the electrophotographic toner of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, a pulverized toner can be prepared by a melt-kneading method. When the pulverized toner is produced, the polyester resin composition for electrophotographic toner of the present invention and the additives are premixed with a mixer such as a Henschel mixer and then melted using a known kneader such as a closed kneader. A kneaded material is prepared. Next, the kneaded product is cooled and coarsely pulverized, and then toner particles having a desired predetermined particle diameter are prepared by a mechanical pulverization method or an air pulverization method. Further, if necessary, the toner particles are usually classified by an air classifier or the like so that the volume average particle diameter is adjusted to 5 to 15 μm.
本発明の電子写真用トナー組成物は、一成分現像用トナーとして、またはキャリアと混合して二成分現像剤として用いることができる。 The electrophotographic toner composition of the present invention can be used as a one-component developing toner or as a two-component developer mixed with a carrier.
以下に実施例および比較例をあげて本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。尚、部および%は特記しない限り重量基準である。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Parts and% are based on weight unless otherwise specified.
各実施例、比較例において行った測定は、次のとおりである。
酸価:JIS K0070の方法に準拠。
軟化点:フローテスター((株)島津製作所製、商品名「CFT−500D」)を用い、4mm針入時の温度を軟化点とした。
ガラス転移点:セイコー電子(株)製の示差走査熱量計(商品名「DSC220C」)を用いて測定し、得られたショルダー値をガラス転移点とした。
Measurements performed in each example and comparative example are as follows.
Acid value: Conforms to the method of JIS K0070.
Softening point: A flow tester (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, trade name “CFT-500D”) was used, and the temperature at the time of 4 mm penetration was defined as the softening point.
Glass transition point: Measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (trade name “DSC220C”) manufactured by Seiko Electronics Co., Ltd., and the obtained shoulder value was defined as a glass transition point.
製造例1(エステル化反応による縮合物(A)の合成)
冷却管、温度計、分水器、攪拌機および窒素導入管を備えた反応装置に、重合ロジン(二量体含有率:80%)162部、イソフタル酸100部、アジピン酸14.6部、ポリオキシプロピレン(2.2)−2,2−ビス (4−ヒドロキシフェニル) プロパン338部、ネオペンチルグリコール29.5部、グリセリン2.9部およびエステル化触媒としてn−ブチル錫オキシド0.5部を仕込んだ後、窒素気流下に攪拌しながら徐々に昇温し、分水器で反応生成水を系外に除去しつつ180〜250℃で約10時間保温してエステル化反応させることにより、縮合物(A)を得た(以下、縮合物(A1)という)。縮合物(A1)は、酸価15mgKOH/g、軟化点130℃、ガラス転移点63℃であった。
Production Example 1 (Synthesis of condensate (A) by esterification reaction)
In a reactor equipped with a cooling pipe, thermometer, water separator, stirrer and nitrogen introduction pipe, 162 parts of polymerized rosin (dimer content: 80%), 100 parts of isophthalic acid, 14.6 parts of adipic acid, poly 338 parts of oxypropylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 29.5 parts of neopentyl glycol, 2.9 parts of glycerin and 0.5 parts of n-butyltin oxide as an esterification catalyst Then, the temperature is gradually raised while stirring under a nitrogen stream, and the reaction product water is removed from the system with a water separator and kept at 180 to 250 ° C. for about 10 hours for esterification reaction, A condensate (A) was obtained (hereinafter referred to as condensate (A1)). The condensate (A1) had an acid value of 15 mgKOH / g, a softening point of 130 ° C, and a glass transition point of 63 ° C.
製造例2(エステル交換反応による縮合物(A)の合成)
冷却管、温度計、攪拌機、窒素導入管および蒸留塔を備えた反応装置に、重合ロジン(二量体含有率:80%)270部、テレフタル酸ジメチル38.8部、アジピン酸43.8部、ポリオキシプロピレン(2.2)−2,2−ビス (4−ヒドロキシフェニル) プロパン241.5部、エチレングリコール30.6部、トリメチロールプロパン4.2部およびエステル交換触媒として酢酸亜鉛0.5部を仕込んだ後、窒素気流下に攪拌しながら、170〜230℃で生成メタノールを系外に除去しつつエステル交換反応させた。ついで180〜250℃で約10時間エステル化反応させることにより、縮合物(A)を得た(以下、縮合物(A2)という)。縮合物(A2)は、酸価12mgKOH/g、軟化点125℃、ガラス転移点60℃であった。
Production Example 2 (Synthesis of condensate (A) by transesterification reaction)
In a reaction apparatus equipped with a cooling pipe, a thermometer, a stirrer, a nitrogen introducing pipe and a distillation column, 270 parts of polymerized rosin (dimer content: 80%), 38.8 parts of dimethyl terephthalate, 43.8 parts of adipic acid , 241.5 parts of polyoxypropylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, 30.6 parts of ethylene glycol, 4.2 parts of trimethylolpropane, and 0.5 mg of zinc acetate as a transesterification catalyst. After 5 parts were charged, the ester exchange reaction was carried out at 170-230 ° C. while removing the generated methanol outside the system while stirring under a nitrogen stream. Subsequently, the condensate (A) was obtained by carrying out esterification reaction at 180-250 degreeC for about 10 hours (henceforth a condensate (A2)). The condensate (A2) had an acid value of 12 mgKOH / g, a softening point of 125 ° C, and a glass transition point of 60 ° C.
製造例3および4(縮合物(A)の合成)
製造例1または2において、表1記載のように仕込み原料の種類、使用量などを変化させたほかは同様にエステル化反応またはエステル交換反応を行い、各種の縮合物(A)を得た(以下、順に縮合物(A3)、(A4)という)。これら縮合物の酸価、軟化点およびガラス転移点は表3に示す。
Production Examples 3 and 4 (synthesis of condensate (A))
In Production Example 1 or 2, an esterification reaction or a transesterification reaction was carried out in the same manner except that the kind and amount of raw materials used were changed as shown in Table 1 to obtain various condensates (A) ( Hereinafter, the condensates (A3) and (A4) are referred to in order). Table 3 shows the acid value, softening point and glass transition point of these condensates.
比較製造例1〜5(比較用縮合物の合成)
製造例1または2において、表2記載のように仕込み原料の種類、使用量などを変化させたほかは同様にエステル化反応またはエステル交換反応を行い、各種の比較用縮合物を得た(以下、順に縮合物(C1)〜(C5)という)。これら縮合物の酸価、軟化点およびガラス転移点は表3に示す。
Comparative production examples 1 to 5 (synthesis of condensates for comparison)
In Production Example 1 or 2, an esterification reaction or a transesterification reaction was performed in the same manner as described in Table 2 except that the type and amount of the raw materials used were changed, and various comparative condensates were obtained (hereinafter referred to as “the following”). , In order, condensates (C1) to (C5)). Table 3 shows the acid value, softening point and glass transition point of these condensates.
表1、2中、特定重合ロジン1は二量体含有率が80%の重合ロジンを、特定重合ロジン2は二量体含有率が60%の重合ロジンを、比較用重合ロジンは二量体含有率が40%の重合ロジンを、IPhAはイソフタル酸を、AdPAはアジピン酸を、DMTはテレフタル酸ジメチルを、TPhAはテレフタル酸を、SBAはセバシン酸を、TMAnは無水トリメリット酸を、BPEはポリオキシプロピレン(2.2)−2,2−ビス (4−ヒドロキシフェニル) プロパンを、BEEはポリオキシエチレン(2.2)−2,2−ビス (4−ヒドロキシフェニル) プロパン、EGはエチレングリコールを、NPGはネオペンチルグリコールを、1,2−PGは1,2−プロパンジオールを、1,3−PGは1,3−プロパンジオールを、GLYはグリセリンを、TMPはトリメチロールプロパンを、それぞれ意味する。 In Tables 1 and 2, the specific polymer rosin 1 is a polymer rosin having a dimer content of 80%, the specific polymer rosin 2 is a polymer rosin having a dimer content of 60%, and the comparative polymer rosin is a dimer. 40% polymerized rosin, IPhA is isophthalic acid, AdPA is adipic acid, DMT is dimethyl terephthalate, TPhA is terephthalic acid, SBA is sebacic acid, TMAn is trimellitic anhydride, BPE Is polyoxypropylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, BEE is polyoxyethylene (2.2) -2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane, and EG is Ethylene glycol, NPG is neopentyl glycol, 1,2-PG is 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-PG is 1,3-propanediol, GLY is group Serine, TMP is trimethylol propane, means respectively.
実施例1〜4および比較例1〜5
(電子写真トナー用ポリエステル樹脂および電子写真用トナーの調製)
前記の製造例1〜4、比較製造例1〜5で得られた各縮合物92部に対し、カーボンブラック(三菱化学(株)製、「MA−11」)4部およびポリプロピレンワックス(三洋化成工業(株)、「ビスコール550P」)4部をスーパーミキサーで混合した後、2軸押出機で混練した。得られた混練物を冷却、粗粉砕した後、ジェットミル(日本ニューマチック工業(株)製)にて微粉砕した後、粉体気流式分級機で分級して、平均粒径が10〜13μmのトナーを得た。該トナー5部とフェライトキャリア95部を混合して現像剤を調製した(得られた現像剤を順にT1〜T4、CT1〜CT3という)。
Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-5
(Preparation of polyester resin for electrophotographic toner and toner for electrophotography)
For 92 parts of each condensate obtained in Production Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Production Examples 1 to 5, 4 parts of carbon black (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, “MA-11”) and polypropylene wax (Sanyo Kasei) 4 parts of Kogyo Co., Ltd., “Viscol 550P”) were mixed with a super mixer and then kneaded with a twin screw extruder. The obtained kneaded product is cooled and coarsely pulverized, then finely pulverized with a jet mill (manufactured by Nippon Pneumatic Industry Co., Ltd.), and then classified with a powder airflow classifier to obtain an average particle size of 10 to 13 μm. No toner was obtained. A developer was prepared by mixing 5 parts of the toner and 95 parts of a ferrite carrier (the obtained developers were sequentially referred to as T1 to T4 and CT1 to CT3).
電子写真複写機を用いて該現像剤をそれぞれ現像したのち、該像を普通紙上に転写して、未定着紙を得た。ついで、低温定着性、耐オフセット性、耐オフセット性および耐摩耗性について下記評価方法に従って評価した。 Each developer was developed using an electrophotographic copying machine, and then the image was transferred onto plain paper to obtain unfixed paper. Subsequently, the low-temperature fixability, offset resistance, offset resistance and wear resistance were evaluated according to the following evaluation methods.
〔低温定着性〕
表面がテフロン(登録商標)で形成された定着ローラー(回転速度300mm/秒)の表面温度を、100℃〜250℃まで変化させ、ベタ印刷を行った。染色摩耗試験機を用いて、定着画像を300g荷重下にPPCパッドで擦り、摩擦前後の画像濃度をマクベス社製の反射濃度計を用いて測定した。摩擦前の濃度に対する摩擦後の濃度が70%に達するときの定着ローラーの表面温度を最低定着温度とし、該温度が低いほど低温定着性が良好であることを示す。結果を表4に示す。
(Low temperature fixability)
Solid printing was performed by changing the surface temperature of a fixing roller (rotation speed: 300 mm / sec) formed of Teflon (registered trademark) on the surface from 100 ° C. to 250 ° C. Using a dyeing wear tester, the fixed image was rubbed with a PPC pad under a load of 300 g, and the image density before and after the friction was measured using a reflection densitometer manufactured by Macbeth. The surface temperature of the fixing roller when the density after friction reaches 70% with respect to the density before friction is defined as the minimum fixing temperature, and the lower the temperature, the better the low-temperature fixing property. The results are shown in Table 4.
〔耐オフセット性〕
低温定着性の測定と同様にして、定着処理を行い、紙の白地部分が汚れ始めたときの定着ローラーの表面温度をホットオフセット発生温度とした。該温度が高いほど耐オフセット性が良好であることを示す。結果を表4に示す。
[Offset resistance]
In the same manner as the measurement of the low temperature fixability, the fixing process was performed, and the surface temperature of the fixing roller when the white background portion of the paper began to become dirty was defined as the hot offset occurrence temperature. It shows that offset resistance is so favorable that this temperature is high. The results are shown in Table 4.
〔耐ブロッキング性〕
前記現像剤を温度50℃、相対湿度50%の条件下の恒温器中に48時間放置し、室温で放冷後、凝集の発生の程度を目視により観察し、以下の評価基準に従って評価した。結果を表4に示す。
[Blocking resistance]
The developer was allowed to stand for 48 hours in an incubator at a temperature of 50 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50%, allowed to cool at room temperature, and then visually observed for the degree of occurrence of aggregation, and evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The results are shown in Table 4.
〔評価基準〕
○:凝集は全く認められない。
△:凝集がわずかに認められる。
×:凝集が明らかに認められる。
〔Evaluation criteria〕
○: Aggregation is not recognized at all.
Δ: Slight aggregation is observed.
X: Aggregation is clearly observed.
〔耐摩耗性〕
表面温度150℃の前記定着ローラーでベタ印刷を行った。染色摩耗試験機を用いて、定着画像を300g荷重下にPPCパッドで擦り、摩擦前後の画像濃度をマクベス社製の反射濃度計を用いて測定した。摩擦前の濃度に対する摩擦後の濃度の比率により、耐摩耗性の評価とした。定着ローラーの表面温度を最低定着温度とし、該温度が低いほど低温定着性が良好であることを示す。結果を表4に示す。
(Abrasion resistance)
Solid printing was performed with the fixing roller having a surface temperature of 150 ° C. Using a dyeing wear tester, the fixed image was rubbed with a PPC pad under a load of 300 g, and the image density before and after the friction was measured using a reflection densitometer manufactured by Macbeth. The abrasion resistance was evaluated by the ratio of the concentration after friction to the concentration before friction. The surface temperature of the fixing roller is set to the minimum fixing temperature, and the lower the temperature is, the better the low temperature fixing property is. The results are shown in Table 4.
〔評価基準〕
○:前記比率が95%超である。
△:前記比率が90以上95%以下である。
×:前記比率が90%未満である。
〔Evaluation criteria〕
○: The ratio is more than 95%.
Δ: The ratio is 90% or more and 95% or less.
X: The ratio is less than 90%.
表4から、本発明の電子写真用ポリエステル樹脂組成物を用いてなる電子写真用トナーは、比較用の電子写真用トナーに比べて優れており、低温定着性、耐オフセット性、耐ブロッキング性、耐摩耗性などの諸特性を同時に満足しうることが明らかである。
From Table 4, the electrophotographic toner using the electrophotographic polyester resin composition of the present invention is superior to the comparative electrophotographic toner, and has low-temperature fixability, offset resistance, blocking resistance, It is clear that various properties such as wear resistance can be satisfied at the same time.
Claims (6)
An electrophotographic toner comprising the polyester resin composition for an electrophotographic toner according to claim 1.
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