JP6038773B2 - サーチュイン活性化因子および活性化アッセイ - Google Patents
サーチュイン活性化因子および活性化アッセイ Download PDFInfo
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- JP6038773B2 JP6038773B2 JP2013505166A JP2013505166A JP6038773B2 JP 6038773 B2 JP6038773 B2 JP 6038773B2 JP 2013505166 A JP2013505166 A JP 2013505166A JP 2013505166 A JP2013505166 A JP 2013505166A JP 6038773 B2 JP6038773 B2 JP 6038773B2
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- Prior art keywords
- sirtuin
- sirt1
- compound
- substrate
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Description
たが、SIRT1の活性化は、この複合体のSIRT1触媒性代謝回転の動力学が有利であることに起因するものと推測された。本発明者らが「基質増強による活性化」と呼ぶこの提唱は、図2Aに模式的形態で示されている。図2Aの提唱機序が、SIRT1のSTAC媒介性活性化を説明することができるか否か決定するためには、この提唱機序を徹底的に分析することが必要である。
本明細書で使用される場合、以下の用語および語句は、下記に示した意味を有するものとする。別様に定義されていない限り、本明細書で使用される技術的および科学用語は全て、当業者に一般に理解されるものと同じ意味を有する。
1つの態様では、本発明は、例えば、老化またはストレスと関連する疾患または障害、糖尿病、肥満、神経変性疾患、眼疾患および障害、心血管疾患、血液凝固障害、炎症、癌、ならびに/または潮紅等を含む多種多様な疾患および障害を治療および/または予防するための新規サーチュイン調節化合物を提供する。また、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、ミトコンドリア活性の増加、筋肉性能の増強、筋肉ATPレベルの増加、または低酸素もしくは虚血に伴う筋組織損傷の治療もしくは予防から利益を得る可能性のある対象体の疾患または障害を治療するために使用することができる。本明細書で開示された他の化合物は、本明細書に記載の医薬組成物および/または1つまたは複数の方法での使用に好適であり得る。
ある態様では、本発明は、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を調節する方法、およびその使用方法を提供する。
1つの実施形態では、本発明は、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させる本発明のサーチュイン調節化合物を細胞と接触させることにより、細胞の寿命を延長する、細胞の増殖能を延長する、細胞の老化を遅延させる、細胞の生存を促進する、細胞の細胞老化を遅延させる、カロリー制限の効果を模倣する、ストレスに対する細胞の耐性を増加させる、または細胞のアポトーシスを防止する方法を提供する。例示的な実施形態では、本方法は、サーチュイン活性化化合物を細胞と接触させることを含んでなる。
別の実施形態では、本発明は、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を、その必要性のある対象体に処理することにより、心血管疾患を治療および/または予防するための方法を提供する。
サーチュイン調節化合物は、放射線被爆または毒素を最近受容したか、または受容する可能性の高い対象体に投与することができる。1つの実施形態では、放射線被爆または毒素は、例えば予防的手段として投与される研究関連手順または医学的手順の一部として受容される。別の実施形態では、放射線または毒素への曝露は、意図せずに受容される。そのような場合、化合物は、好ましくは、アポトーシスおよびその後の急性放射線症候群の発症を阻害するために、曝露後のできるだけ早期に投与される。
ある態様では、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、神経変性疾患、および中枢神経系(CNS)、脊髄、または末梢神経系(PNS)に対する外傷性または機械的損傷を被っている患者を治療するために使用することができる。神経変性疾患には、典型的には、老化に起因する健常者の脳細胞の萎縮および/または死滅よりもはるかに顕著である萎縮および/または死滅による場合があるヒト脳の質量および容積の低減が関与する。神経変性疾患は、特定の脳領域の進行性変性(例えば、神経細胞機能不全および死滅)により、脳機能が長期間にわたって正常であった後、徐々に発症する場合がある。あるいは、神経変性疾患は、外傷または毒素に関連する神経変性疾患等、急速に発症する場合がある。脳変性の実際の発症は、臨床的発現の何年間も前に始まっている場合がある。神経変性疾患の例には、これらに限定されないが、以下のものが含まれる:アルツハイマー病(AD)、パーキンソン病(PD)、ハンチントン病(HD)、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS;ルーゲーリッグ病)、びまん性レヴィ小体病、舞踏病有棘赤血球増加症、原発性側索硬化症、眼疾患(眼神経炎)、化学療法誘導性神経障害(例えば、ビンクリスチン、パクリタキセル、ボルテゾミブによる)、糖尿病誘導性神経障害、およびフリードライヒ運動失調。サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、これら疾患および下記に記載の他の疾患を治療するために使用することができる。
他の態様では、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を使用して、血液凝固障害(または止血障害)を治療または予防することができる。本明細書で同義的に使用されているように、用語「止血」、「血液凝固」、および「凝血」は、血管収縮および凝固の生理学的特性を含む出血の制御を指す。血液凝固は、傷害、炎症、疾患、先天的欠陥、機能不全、または他の異常後の、哺乳動物循環の完全性の維持を支援する。更に、血餅の形態は、傷害が起こった場合に出血を制限(止血)するだけでなく、アテローム性動脈硬化性疾患の状況では、重要な動脈または血管の閉塞により深刻な器官損傷および死に結び付く場合がある。したがって、血栓症は、誤った時点および地点での血餅形成である。
別の態様では、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、対象体の体重増加または肥満の治療または予防に使用することができる。例えば、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を使用して、対象体の体重を低減するために、または対象体の体重増加を低減もしくは予防するために、例えば、遺伝的肥満、食事性肥満、ホルモン関連肥満、投薬関連肥満を治療または予防することができる。そのような治療を必要とする対象体は、肥満しているか、肥満になる可能性が高いか、体重過剰であるか、または体重過剰になる可能性が高い対象体であってもよい。肥満または体重過剰になる可能性が高い対象体は、例えば、家族歴、遺伝、食事、活動レベル、薬物摂取、またはそれらの種々の組み合わせに基づいて特定することができる。
別の態様では、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、インスリン抵抗性、前糖尿病状態、II型糖尿病、および/またはそれらの合併症等の代謝障害を治療または予防するために使用することができる。サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物の投与は、対象体のインスリン感受性を増加させるか、および/またはインスリンレベルを減少させることができる。そのような治療を必要とする対象体は、インスリン抵抗性またはII型糖尿病の他の前駆症状を有するか、II型糖尿病を有するか、またはこれら状態のいずれかを発症する可能性の高い対象体であってもよい。例えば、対象体は、インスリン抵抗性、例えば高循環レベルのインスリンを有する対象体、ならびに/または高脂血症、脂質生成不全(dyslipogenesis)、高コレステロール血症、耐糖能異常、高血中グルコース糖レベル、X症候群の他の徴候、血圧上昇、アテローム性動脈硬化症、およびリポジストロフィー等の関連状態を有する対象体であってもよい。
他の態様では、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を使用して、炎症に関連する疾患または障害を治療または予防することができる。サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、炎症の発症前、発症時、または発症後に投与することができる。予防的に使用される場合、化合物は、好ましくは、任意の炎症応答または症状が現れる前に提供される。化合物の投与は、炎症応答または症状を予防または緩和することができる。
別の態様では、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、ある障害の症状である紅潮および/またはほてりの発生または重症度を低減するために使用することができる。例えば、主題方法は、癌患者の紅潮および/またはほてりの発生または重症度を低減するために、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物を単独でまたは他の作用剤と組み合わせて使用することを含む。他の実施形態では、本方法は、閉経期および閉経後の女性の紅潮および/またはほてりの発生または重症度を低減するための、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物の使用を提供する。
本発明の1つの態様は、本明細書で開示された化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩、プロドラッグ、または代謝誘導体から選択される治療用量のサーチュイン調節因子を患者に投与することにより、視覚障害を阻害、低減、またはそうでなければ治療するための方法である。
ある実施形態では、本発明は、ミトコンドリア活性の増加から利益を得る可能性のある疾患または障害を治療するための方法を提供する。本方法は、それの必要性のある対象体に、治療上有効量のサーチュイン活性化化合物を投与することを含む。ミトコンドリア活性の増加は、ミトコンドリアの全体数(例えば、ミトコンドリアの質量)を維持しつつ、ミトコンドリアの活性を増加させること、ミトコンドリアの数を増加させて、それによりミトコンドリアの活性を増加させること(例えば、ミトコンドリア生合成を刺激することによる)、またはそれらの組み合わせを指す。ある実施形態では、ミトコンドリア活性の増加から利益を得る可能性のある疾患および障害には、ミトコンドリア機能不全に関連する疾患または障害が含まれる。
他の実施形態では、本発明は、治療上有効量のサーチュイン活性化化合物を投与することにより、筋肉性能を増強するための方法を提供する。例えば、サーチュイン活性化化合物は、身体持久力(例えば、運動等の肉体的作業、肉体労働、スポーツ活動等を行なう能力)を向上させるために、肉体的疲労を阻害または遅延させるために、血中酸素レベルを増強するために、健常個体の活力を増強するために、作業能力および持久力を増強するために、筋肉疲労を低減するために、ストレスを低減するために、心臓および心臓血管機能を増強するために、性的能力を向上させるために、筋肉ATPレベルを増加させるために、および/または血中の乳酸を低減するために有用であり得る。ある実施形態では、本方法は、ミトコンドリア活性を増加させる、ミトコンドリア生合成を増加させる、および/またはミトコンドリア質量を増加させるある量のサーチュイン活性化化合物を投与することを含む。
サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、ウイルス感染症(インフルエンザ、ヘルペス、またはパピローマウイルスによる感染症等)を治療または予防するために、または抗真菌剤として使用することができる。ある実施形態では、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、ウイルス疾患を治療するための別の治療剤と共に併用薬物療法の一部として投与することができる。別の実施形態では、サーチュインタンパク質のレベルおよび/または活性を増加させるサーチュイン調節化合物は、別の抗真菌剤と共に併用薬物療法の一部として投与することができる。
本明細書で企図される更なる他の方法には、サーチュインを調節する化合物または作用剤を特定するためのスクリーニング法が含まれる。作用剤は、アプタマー等の核酸であってもよい。アッセイは、細胞に基づく形式または無細胞形式で実施することができる。例えば、アッセイは、サーチュインを調節することが知られている作用剤によりサーチュインが調節され得る条件下で、サーチュインを試験作用剤と共にインキュベートすること(接触させること)、および試験作用剤の存在下におけるサーチュイン調節のレベルを、試験作用剤の非存在下の場合と比べてモニターまたは決定することを含んでなる場合がある。サーチュイン調節のレベルは、基質を脱アセチル化するサーチュインの能力を決定することにより決定することができる。例示的な基質は、アセチル化ペプチドであり、BIOMOL社(プリマスミーティング、ペンシルベニア州)から取得することができる。好ましい基質には、アセチル化K382を含んでなるもの等の、p53のペプチドが含まれる。特に好ましい基質は、Fluor de Lys−SIRT1(BIOMOL社製)、つまりアセチル化ペプチドArg−His−Lys−Lys(配列番号2)である。他の基質は、ヒトヒストンH3およびH4に由来するペプチドまたはアセチル化アミノ酸である。基質は、蛍光発光性であってもよい。サーチュインは、SIRT1、Sir2、SIRT3、またはその部分であってもよい。例えば、組換えSIRT1は、BIOMOL社から取得することができる。反応は、約30分間実施し、例えばニコチンアミドを用いて停止させることができる。HDAC蛍光活性アッセイ/ドラッグディスカバリーキット(AK−500、BIOMOL Research Laboratories社製)を使用して、アセチル化のレベルを決定することができる。同様のアッセイは、Bittermanら((2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:45099)に記載されている。アッセイにおけるサーチュイン調節のレベルは、本明細書に記載の1つまたは複数の化合物(別々にまたは同時に)の存在下におけるサーチュイン調節のレベルと比較することができ、それは陽性または陰性対照としての役割を果たすことができる。アッセイで使用されるサーチュインは、全長サーチュインタンパク質またはその部分であってもよい。活性化化合物は、SIRT1のN末端と相互作用すると考えられることが示されているため、アッセイで使用されるタンパク質には、サーチュインのN末端部分、例えばSIRT1のアミノ酸約1〜176または1〜255;Sir2のアミノ酸約1〜174または1〜252が含まれる。
本明細書に記載のサーチュイン調節化合物は、1つまたは複数の生理学的に許容される担体または賦形剤を使用して、従来方法で製剤化することができる。例えば、サーチュイン調節化合物ならびにそれらの生理学的に許容される塩および溶媒和物は、例えば、注射(例えば、SubQ、IM、IP)、吸入もしくは吹送(口または鼻のいずれかを通して)、または経口、バッカル、舌下、経皮、経鼻、非経口、または直腸内投与による投与用に製剤化することができる。1つの実施形態では、サーチュイン調節化合物は、標的細胞が存在する部位、つまり特定の組織、器官、または液体(例えば、血液、脳脊髄液等)に、局所的に投与することができる。
また、本明細書では、キット、例えば、治療目的のキットまたは細胞寿命を調節またはアポトーシスを調節するためのキットが提供される。キット、例えば、予め測定された用量の1つまたは複数のサーチュイン調節化合物を含んでなる場合がある。キットは、必要に応じて、細胞を化合物と接触させるためのデバイスおよび使用説明書を含んでなる場合がある。デバイスには、注射器、ステント、および対象体(例えば、対象体の血管)にサーチュイン調節化合物を導入するための、または対象体の皮膚にサーチュイン調節化合物を塗布するための他のデバイスが含まれる。
and Walker, eds., Academic Press, London, 1987);Handbook Of Experimental Immunology, Volumes I-IV (D. M. Weir and C. C. Blackwell, eds., 1986);Manipulating the Mouse Embryo, (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., 1986)を参照されたい。
ペプチドは全て、BioPeptide社(サンディエゴ、カリフォルニア州)が調製し、分析用HPLC分析により、純粋が少なくとも95%であることが示された。ウシグルタミン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(GDH)、α−ケトグルタラート、NADHおよびNAD+は、Sigma Chemical Company社製だった。全長ヒトSIRT1および生物物理学的研究に使用される切断型SIRT1(183〜664)は、以前に記述されているように調製し、同等の動力学的特性を有することが示された(Milne et al. (2007) Nature 450, 712-716)。ニコチンアミダーゼPNC1は、Denuおよび同僚ら(Smith et al. (2009) Anal Biochem 394, 101-109)により記述されるように調製した。
図5に関連して使用される化合物1〜20の構造は、化合物表に示されており、21〜26の構造は、表1ならびに図9および11に示されている。10、11、および12の実験手順および特徴付けデータは、本明細書に見出すことができる。SRT1460、SRT1720、SRT2183は、文献の手順に従って調製し(Milne et al. (2007) Nature 450, 712-716)、3、23、および24も、文献の手順に従って調製した(Vu et al. (2009) J Med Chem)。化合物25は、構造的に類似した化合物用に記載の手順に従って調製した(Vu et al. (2009) J Med Chem)。化合物3(Nunes et al. (2007)。国際公開第2007/019346号)、4(Bemis et. al. (2008)。国際公開第2008/156866号)、26、13、および14(Vu et al. (2010)。国際公開第2010/003048号)は、関連特許に記載の手順に従って調製した。7の合成は、本明細書に記載されている。
ITC実験は、137mM NaCl、2.7mM KCl、1mM MgCl2、2mM TCEP、5%(容積/容積)グリセロール、および50mM HEPES−NaOH、pH7.3で構成される緩衝液中で26℃にて、VP−ITCシステムまたはiTC200システム(MicroCal社製)のいずれかを使用して実施した。SIRT1(183〜664)を精製し、緩衝液に対して透析し、遠心分離し、実験前に脱気した。ペプチドおよび化合物を、最終透析緩衝液に溶解し、それらのpH値をタンパク質溶液のpHと一致するように調整した。VP−ITCシステムで実施したSTAC/TAMRAペプチド相互作用を特徴付ける典型的な結合実験では、1mM TAMRAペプチドを、8μLの35回等量で(最初のインジェクションを除く、最初のインジェクションは2μLだった)、100μM STACを含有する1.47ml試料セルにインジェクトした。iTC200システムを使用してこの相互作用を特徴付けるために、1mM TAMRAペプチドを、2μLの20回等量で(最初のインジェクションを除く、最初のインジェクションは0.5μLだった)、100μM STACを含有する0.202mL試料セルにインジェクトした。溶解度が不良なSTACの場合、それに応じて濃度を調整した。SRT1460とTAMRAペプチドとの相互作用を特徴付けるために、5mM TAMRAペプチドおよび0.5μM SRT1460を使用して、より高品質のデータを取得した。
SIRT1活性化に関する本発明者らの研究の課程で、本発明者らは、幾つかのSTACがTAMRAペプチドに結合して、活性化因子:基質複合体を形成することを見出した。この複合体の機械論的重要性を探究するため、TAMRAペプチドに対するSTAC結合のKd値を、効力がEC1.5=0.05から≧100μMの範囲だった20個の活性化因子について、ITCを使用して決定した(これら化合物の構造は、表6を参照)。図4には、代表的なITC滴定が示されている。4の滴定が図4Aに示されており、この滴定では、TAMRAペプチドに対する検出可能な結合は示されていない。これら実験条件下では、この化合物は、TAMRAペプチドに結合する場合でも、控えめに見積もって100μMを超える場合があるKd値で結合する。図4Bは、7の滴定であり、36μMのKdでTAMRAペプチドに結合することが示されている。このKd値は、0.5μMのKx値よりも72倍高い(7の活性化滴定曲線は、図4Bの挿入図を参照)。KdとKxとの間にこのような矛盾があることは、7による活性化が、基質との結合に依存しないことを示唆する。
SIRT1(183〜664)を、137mM NaCl、2.7mM KCl、1mM MgCl2、2mM TCEP、5%(容積/容積)グリセロール、および50mM HEPES−NaOH、pH7.3で構成される緩衝液に対して透析した。14を、最終透析緩衝液に溶解し、そのpH値をタンパク質溶液のpHと一致するように調整した。様々な濃度の酵素の非存在下または存在下における14の蛍光発光スペクトルを、315nmで励起させてSpectraMax M5でモニターした。450nmでの蛍光強度変化を、SIRT1(183〜664)の濃度に対してプロットし、標準結合数式を使用してフィッティングした。
本発明者らのおよそ5,000個のSIRT1活性化因子のコレクションを、BioTrove質量分析システムを使用して、以前に記述されているようにスクリーニングした(Milne et al. (2007) Nature 450, 712-716)。このスクリーリングでは、[SIRT1]o=5nM、[desTAMRAペプチド]o=1μM=Km/10、および[NAD+]o=30μM=Km/10である。化合物は、10μMで存在し、アッセイは、150mM Tris、5mM DTT、1%DMSO、および0.025%BSAを含有するpH7.4緩衝液中で実施した。
Sirtrisの最初の活性化因子リード構造物を、基質としてTAMRAペプチドを用いた蛍光偏光アッセイを使用したハイスループットスクリーニング戦略で特定した(Milne et al. (2007) Nature 450, 712-716)。この20量体は、SIRT1の天然基質である、p53のLys382付近を中心とする。p53に対するTAMRAペプチド配列の修飾を、特にこのアッセイ用に製作した(Milne et al. (2007) Nature 450, 712-716;Marcotte et al. (2004) Anal Biochem 332, 90-99)。最初のスクリーニングヒットの特徴付けおよびその後の全研究は、TAMRAペプチドおよび質量分光法に基づくアッセイを使用して実施した(Milne et al. (2007) Nature 450, 712-716)。
STACとSIRT1との相互作用を決定するために、2つの動力学的方法を使用した。一方の方法を、TAMRAペプチド、desTAMRAペプチド、des(ビオチン,TAMRA)ペプチド、およびp53−20量体について使用し、ペプチド反応産物を検出するためには、以前に記述されている質量分光法使用した(Milne et al. (2007) Nature 450, 712-716)。他方の方法を、基本構造Ac−Arg−His−Lys−LysAc−Xのペプチドで使用し、以前に報告されている連続した酵素結合法を使用した(Smith et al. (2009) Anal Biochem 394, 101-109)。この方法では、SRT1産物ニコチンアミドが、PNC1の作用により、まずニコチン酸およびアンモニアに変換され、その後アンモニアは、α−ケトグルタラートをグルタメートに変換するためにGDHにより使用される。この反応は、NADHのNAD+への酸化と共に生じ、340nmの吸光度の変化(Δε340=−6,200M−1cm−1)を伴う。
表3には、この研究で使用した基質の定常状態動力学的パラメーターが要約されている。この表に報告されているパラメーターは全て、PNC1−GDH結合アッセイを使用して決定した。また、4つの20量体の動力学的パラメーターを、Milneら((2007) Nature 450, 712-716)により最初に記述された質量分光法に基づくアッセイを使用して推定した。それらは、表3に報告されている動力学的パラメーターと一致する。
活性化因子滴定を、相対速度(つまり、活性化因子の非存在下での速度voに対する活性化因子Xの存在下での速度Vxの比率)対活性化因子の初期濃度[X]oとしてプロットし、非線形最小二乗法により、数式(1)の酵素活性化の機序非依存的数式にフィッティングした:
図2Aの機序の速度則は、迅速平衡化を仮定して導き出した数式(4)の表現から開始して導き出すことができる。
SIRT1活性化の「間接的」機序の中心的特徴は、X:S、活性化因子と基質との複合体である(図2Aを参照)。この機序を検討すると、活性化はX:S形成により主導されることが示され、それは、より低いKd値を示すX:S複合体が、より強力な活性化をもたらすはずであることを意味する。したがって、本発明者らは、図2Aの機序の場合は、EC50とKdとの間に正の相関性があると予想するべきである。これを試験するため、本発明者らは、数式(8)の遊離基質の表現、および式の両側を対照速度vo/[E]o=kc[S]o/(km+[S]o)で除算して、相対速度vx/voの表現を得た改良型の数式(5)を使用して、活性化因子滴定曲線をシミュレートした。
図2Bの機序の速度則は、迅速平衡化を仮定して導き出すことができ、数式(9)に示されている。
基質(susbtrate)増強が、10またはSRT1460によるTAMRAペプチドのSIRT1触媒性脱アセチル化の活性化を説明することができるか否かを決定するために、図2Aの間接的機序の妥当性を評価した。化合物10およびSRT1460が、本研究におけるSTACの基質親和性の2つの極値、2.5および140μMのKd値をそれぞれ示すため、化合物10およびSRT1460を選択した。
Swiss−Pdb Viewer4.0.1(Guex and Peitsch (1997) Electrophoresis 18, 2714-2723)を使用し、ACS2ペプチドが結合したSIRT3構造(PDB id.3GLR)(Jin et al. (2009) J. Biol. Chem. 284, 24394-24405)をテンプレートとして用いてSIRT1相同性モデルを作成した。Ac−Arg−His−Lys−LysAc−Trp−NH2ペプチドを、A.フルギダス(A.Fulgidus)SIR2構造(PDB id.1MA3)(Avalos et al. (2002) Mol Cell 10, 523-535)と結合したp53ペプチド、およびSIRT3構造(PDB id.3GLR)(Jin et al. (2009) J. Biol. Chem. 284, 24394-24405)に結合したACS2ペプチドに基づいてモデル化した。
ステップ1)2−ブチル−6−ヒドロキシピリミジン−4−カルボキシル酸の合成:
ステップ1)3−(キヌクリジン−3−イルオキシ)安息香酸の合成:
ステップ1)2−(6−クロロピリジン−3−イル)−1H−ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール−4−カルボキシル酸の合成:
ステップ1)tert−ブチル4−(3−アミノベンジルオキシ)ピペリジン−1−カルボキシラートの合成:
ステップ1)2−(2−クロロピリジン−4−イル)−1H−ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール−4−カルボキシル酸の調製:
ステップ1)2−(2−(プロピルアミノ)ピリジン−4−イル)−1H−ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール−4−アミンの調製:
ステップ1)tert−ブチル3−(3−(2−(2−クロロピリジン−4−イル)−1H−ベンゾ[d]イミダゾール−4−イルカルバモイル)フェニル)ピロリジン−1−カルボキシラートの調製:
質量分析法に基づくアッセイを使用して、SIRTI活性の調節因子を特定した。質量分析法に基づくアッセイでは、以下の20個アミノ酸残基を有するペプチドを使用する:Ac−EE−K(ビオチン)−GQSTSSHSK(Ac)NleSTEG−K(5TMR)−EE−NH2(配列番号1)、式中、K(Ac)はアセチル化リジン残基であり、Nleはノルロイシンである。ペプチドのC末端を、フルオロフォア5TMR(励起540nm 発光580nm)で標識した。ペプチド基質の配列は、幾つかの修飾を有するp53に基づく。加えて、メチオニンは、合成中および精製中の酸化に感受性であり得るため、配列中に天然に存在するメチオニン残基をノルロイシンと置換した。
本発明は、特にサーチュイン活性化化合物およびその方法を提供する。主題発明の特定の実施形態が考察されているが、上記の明細書は例示であり、限定ではない。本発明の多く変異は、本明細書を検討すれば当業者にとって明白になるだろう。本発明の完全な範囲は、請求項およびそれらの完全な範囲の等価物、ならびに本明細書およびそのような変異を参照することにより決定されるべきである。
本明細書で言及された出版物および特許は全て、あたかも個々の出版物または特許の各々が、具体的におよび個々に参照により組み込まれたことが示されているかのように、参照によりそれらの全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。矛盾が生じた場合、本明細書におけるあらゆる定義を含む、本出願を優先することになる。
本発明の一つの面によれば、以下の発明が提供される。
(1)in vitroで無蛍光活性化基質に対するサーチュインデアセチラーゼ活性を活性化する化合物を検出する方法であって、
サーチュインデアセチラーゼを、候補化合物と、前記サーチュインのアセチル化ペプチド、ポリペプチド、またはタンパク質基質を含んでなる無蛍光活性化基質とで接触させること、
前記候補化合物の存在下で前記無蛍光活性化基質に対するサーチュインデアセチラーゼ活性のレベルを検出すること、および
前記候補化合物の存在下での前記無蛍光活性化基質に対するサーチュインデアセチラーゼ活性のレベルを、前記候補化合物の非存在下での前記無蛍光活性化基質に対するサーチュインデアセチラーゼ活性のレベルと比較することを含んでなり、
前記候補化合物の非存在下での前記無蛍光活性化基質に対するサーチュインデアセチラーゼ活性のレベルと比較して、前記候補化合物の存在下での前記無蛍光活性化基質に対するサーチュインデアセチラーゼ活性のレベルが増加することが、前記化合物がサーチュイン活性化因子であることを示す、方法。
(2)前記サーチュインデアセチラーゼがSIRT1である、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(3)前記サーチュインデアセチラーゼが、SIRT2、SIRT3、SIRT4、およびSIRT5からなる群から選択される、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(4)前記候補化合物が、蛍光基を含有するアセチル化ペプチドまたはポリペプチド基質のSIRT1活性化因子である、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(5)前記蛍光基を含有するペプチド基質が、TAMRAペプチド:Ac−EEK (ビオチン) GQSTSSHSK Ac NleSTEGK (5−TMR) EE−NH 2 である、前記(4)に記載の方法。
(6)前記サーチュインデアセチラーゼを、NADの存在下で無蛍光活性化基質と候補化合物とで接触する、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(7)前記サーチュインデアセチラーゼを、加水分解性NAD類似体の存在下で無蛍光活性化基質と候補化合物とで接触する、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(8)前記無蛍光活性化基質が、ビオチン化ポリペプチドである、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(9)前記無蛍光活性化基質が、desTAMRAペプチド:Ac−EEK (ビオチン) GQSTSSHSK Ac NleSTEGKEE−NH 2 である、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(10)前記無蛍光活性化基質が、蛍光基TAMRA(テトラメチル−6−カルボキシローダミン)およびAMC(7−アミド−4−メチルクマリン)を含んでいないアセチル化ペプチドまたはポリペプチドである、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(11)前記無蛍光活性化基質が、Ac−RHKK Ac F−NH 2 およびAc−RHKK Ac W−NH 2 からなる群から選択されるアセチル化ペプチドである、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(12)前記無蛍光活性化基質が、前記サーチュインのアセチル化ペプチド、ポリペプチド、またはタンパク質基質および活性化補助因子坦持アクセサリータンパク質を含んでなる、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(13)前記活性化補助因子坦持アクセサリータンパク質が、DBC1(乳癌1では欠失)、HIC1(癌1では過剰メチル化)、AROS(SIRT1の活性調節因子)、およびCLOCKからなる群から選択される、前記(12)に記載の方法。
(14)前記アセチル化タンパク質が、ヒストンH1、ヒストンH3、ヒストンH4、p53、p300、FOXO1、FOXO3a、FOXO4、p65、HIVTat、PGC−1α、PCAF、MyoD、PPARγ、およびKu70からなる群から選択される、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(15)前記サーチュインデアセチラーゼ活性のレベルが、NAD加水分解の速度を測定することにより検出される、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(16)サーチュインデアセチラーゼ活性のレベルが、無蛍光活性化基質脱アセチル化の速度を測定することにより検出される、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(17)前記化合物が、無蛍光活性化基質のSIRT1脱アセチル化の活性化因子である、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(18)前記化合物が、下記式またはその塩を有し、
R 1 が、−(CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 、および−(CH 2 )CH(CH 3 ) 2 から選択され、かつ
R 2 が、−ピペリジンおよび−(CH 2 ) 2 −NH−CH 3 から選択される、前記(17)に記載の方法。
(19)前記化合物またはその塩が、
(20)SIRT1活性化因子である候補化合物を選択すること、および
前記SIRT1活性化因子を試験細胞と接触させ、前記試験細胞でのSIRT1活性化特異的変化を検出することを更に含んでなる、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(21)前記SIRT1活性化特異的変化が、FGF21産生の増加である、前記(20)に記載の方法。
(22)前記SIRT1活性化特異的変化が、LPS誘導性TNFα産生の減少である、前記(20)に記載の方法。
(23)SIRT1活性化因子である候補化合物を選択すること、および
前記SIRT1活性化因子を試験対象体に投与し、前記試験対象体でのSIRT1活性化特異的変化を検出することを更に含んでなる、前記(1)に記載の方法。
(24)前記試験対象体が、糖尿病モデルマウスであり、前記SIRT1活性化特異的変化が、血糖の低下である、前記(23)に記載の方法。
(25)前記試験対象体が、神経変性疾患モデルマウスであり、前記SIRT1活性化特異的変化が、神経変性疾患プロセスまたはマーカーの減少である、前記(23)に記載の方法。
(26)前記神経変性疾患が、アルツハイマー病、ハンチントン病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)、パーキンソン病、ハンチントン病、および多発性硬化症(MS)からなる群から選択される、前記(25)に記載の方法。
(27)Ac−RHKK Ac F−NH 2 およびAc−RHKK Ac W−NH 2 からなる群から選択される構造式を有する無蛍光サーチュイン基質。
(28)式(I)の化合物またはその塩。
(39)追加の活性剤を更に含んでなる、前記(38)に記載の医薬組成物。
(40)インスリン抵抗性、メタボリック症候群、糖尿病、またはそれら合併症を罹患しているか、または感受性である対象体を治療するための、あるいは対象体のインスリン感受性を増加させるための方法であって、前記(38)に記載の組成物をその必要性のある前記対象体に投与にすることを含んでなる方法。
(41)式(XXXI)の化合物またはその塩。
XおよびYの一方は、−NH−C(=O)−R 1 または−C(=O)−NH−R 1 から選択され、XおよびYの他方はHであり、ここで
R 1 は、フェニルまたは融合ヘテロ環から選択され、R 1 は、−C≡N、C 1 〜C 2 フルオロ置換アルキル、および−(C 0 〜C 2 アルキル)−飽和ヘテロ環から独立して選択される1〜2個の置換基で置換されていてもよく、
R 1 がフェニルである場合、R 1 は、−CH 2 −O−飽和ヘテロ環で置換されていてもよく、前記飽和ヘテロ環は、ピペリジン、ピロリジン、またはピペラジンから選択され、
R 1 が融合ヘテロ環から選択される場合、前記融合ヘテロ環は、ベンゾ[d]チアゾールから選択され、また、R 1 は、−OCH 3 で置換されていてもよく、
Z 1 およびZ 2 の一方はNであり、他方はCR 2 であり、ここでR 2 は、−NH(C 1 〜C 3 アルキル)、−NH(C 1 〜C 3 アルキル)−N(CH 3 ) 2 、−(C 0 〜C 2 アルキル)−モルホリン、−(C 0 〜C 2 アルキル)−ピペラジン、または−N(C 1 〜C 4 アルキル) 2 から選択され、R 2 が、−(C 0 〜C 2 アルキル)−飽和ヘテロ環である場合、前記飽和ヘテロ環は、モルホリンまたはピペラジンから選択される。)
(42)以下のものからなる群から選択される式(XXXI)を有する、前記(41)に記載の化合物またはその塩。
R 1 は、−(C 0 〜C 2 アルキル)−ピロリジンまたは−(C 0 〜C 2 アルキル)−ピペラジンで置換されていてもよいフェニルであり、かつ
R 2 は、−C 1 〜C 3 アルキルまたは−(C 1 〜C 3 アルキル)−N(CH 3 ) 2 から選択される。)
(44)以下のものからなる群から選択される式(XXXII)を有する、前記(43)に記載の化合物またはその塩。
R 1 は、−(C 0 〜C 2 アルキル)−ピペラジンで置換されていてもよいフェニルであり、かつ
R 2 は、−C 1 〜C 3 アルキルおよび−(C 1 〜C 3 )−N(CH 3 ) 2 から選択される。)
(46)以下のものからなる群から選択される式(XXXIII)を有する、前記(45)に記載の化合物またはその塩。
Z 1 およびZ 2 の一方はNであり、他方はCR 2 から選択され、ここで
R 2 は、−(C 0 〜C 2 アルキル)−モルホリン、−(C 0 〜C 2 アルキル)−ピペラジン、および−N(C 1 〜C 4 ) 2 から選択され、
R 1 は、−OCH 3 で置換されていてもよいフェニルおよびベンゾ[d]チアゾールから選択され、ここでR 1 は、−C≡N、C 1 〜C 2 フルオロ置換アルキルから独立して選択される1〜2個の置換基で更に置換されていてもよく、R 1 がフェニルである場合、R 1 は、−CH 2 −O−ピペリジンで更に置換されていてもよい。)
(48)以下のものからなる群から選択される式(XXXIV)を有する、前記(58)に記載の化合物またはその塩。
(50)追加の活性剤を更に含んでなる、前記(49)に記載の医薬組成物。
(51)インスリン抵抗性、メタボリック症候群、糖尿病、またはそれら合併症を罹患しているか、または感受性である対象体を治療するための、あるいは対象体のインスリン感受性を増加させるための方法であって、前記(50)に記載の組成物をその必要性のある前記対象体に投与にすることを含んでなる方法。
Claims (9)
- in vitroで無蛍光活性化基質に対するSIRT1サーチュインデアセチラーゼ活性を活性化する化合物を検出する方法であって、
SIRT1サーチュインデアセチラーゼを、候補化合物と、Ac−RHKK Ac F−NH 2 およびAc−RHKK Ac W−NH 2 からなる群から選択されるアセチル化ペプチドである無蛍光活性化基質とで接触させること、
前記候補化合物の存在下で前記無蛍光活性化基質に対するSIRT1サーチュインデアセチラーゼ活性のレベルを検出すること、および
前記候補化合物の存在下での前記無蛍光活性化基質に対するSIRT1サーチュインデアセチラーゼ活性のレベルを、前記候補化合物の非存在下での前記無蛍光活性化基質に対するSIRT1サーチュインデアセチラーゼ活性のレベルと比較することを含んでなり、
前記候補化合物の非存在下での前記無蛍光活性化基質に対するSIRT1サーチュインデアセチラーゼ活性のレベルと比較して、前記候補化合物の存在下での前記無蛍光活性化基質に対するSIRT1サーチュインデアセチラーゼ活性のレベルが増加することが、前記化合物がSIRT1サーチュイン活性化因子であることを示す、方法。 - 前記候補化合物が、蛍光基を含有するアセチル化ペプチドまたはポリペプチド基質のSIRT1活性化因子である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記SIRT1サーチュインデアセチラーゼを、NADまたは加水分解性NAD類似体の存在下で無蛍光活性化基質と候補化合物とで接触する、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 無蛍光活性化基質が、リシンアセチル化の位置に対して+1でのトリプトファンを含んでなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記SIRT1サーチュインデアセチラーゼ活性のレベルが、NAD加水分解の速度を測定することにより検出される、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- SIRT1サーチュインデアセチラーゼ活性のレベルが、無蛍光活性化基質脱アセチル化の速度を測定することにより検出される、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- SIRT1活性化因子である候補化合物を選択すること、および
前記SIRT1活性化因子を試験細胞と接触させ、前記試験細胞でのSIRT1活性化特異的変化を検出することをさらに含んでなり、
SIRT1活性化特異的変化がFGF21産生の増加またはLPS誘導性TNFα産生の減少である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - SIRT1活性化因子である候補化合物を選択すること、および
前記SIRT1活性化因子を試験対象体に投与し、前記試験対象体でのSIRT1活性化特異的変化を検出することをさらに含んでなり、
前記試験対象体が、糖尿病モデルマウスであり、前記SIRT1活性化特異的変化が、血糖の低下であるか、あるいは、
前記試験対象体は、アルツハイマー病、ハンチントン病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)、パーキンソン病、ハンチントン病、または多発性硬化症(MS)からなる群から選択される神経変性疾患の神経変性疾患モデルマウスであり、前記SIRT1活性化特異的変化が、神経変性疾患プロセスまたはマーカーの減少である、
請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - Ac−RHKKAcF−NH2およびAc−RHKKAcW−NH2からなる群から選択される構造式を有する無蛍光サーチュイン基質。
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| US10172915B2 (en) | 2013-10-20 | 2019-01-08 | Duke University | Methods and compositions for activation of sirtuins with Annexin A1 peptides |
| GB201401886D0 (en) | 2014-02-04 | 2014-03-19 | Lytix Biopharma As | Neurodegenerative therapies |
| CN106573156A (zh) * | 2014-03-11 | 2017-04-19 | 比奥考金特有限责任公司 | 包含去乙酰化酶的组合物和方法 |
| WO2015143654A1 (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2015-10-01 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | TrkA KINASE INHIBITORS,COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS THEREOF |
| US10293026B2 (en) | 2014-09-08 | 2019-05-21 | Osaka University | Agent for preventing or treating demyelinating disease |
| CN104771327B (zh) * | 2015-03-11 | 2017-09-12 | 广州健坤生物科技有限公司 | 一种具有激活hsf‑1转录功能的组合物及其用途 |
| JP6949002B6 (ja) | 2015-08-05 | 2021-11-17 | メトロ インターナショナル バイオテック,エルエルシー | ニコチンアミドモノヌクレオチド誘導体及びそれらの使用 |
| US11459597B2 (en) | 2015-09-14 | 2022-10-04 | Chakrabarti Advanced Technology Llc | Methods for the design of mechanism-based sirtuin activating compounds |
| GB2542881B (en) | 2015-10-02 | 2020-01-01 | Carr Andrew | Crystal forms of ß-nicotinamide mononucleotide |
| WO2017123161A1 (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-07-20 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Inhibition of intracellular growth of mycobacterium species and its applications |
| CN110325190A (zh) * | 2016-12-21 | 2019-10-11 | 新南创新私人有限公司 | 增加血管密度的方法 |
| CN108329388A (zh) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-07-27 | 天津市湖滨盘古基因科学发展有限公司 | 一种人的沉默配型信息调节蛋白突变蛋白及其应用 |
| CN113797338B (zh) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-07-15 | 中国医学科学院基础医学研究所 | Dbc1调控细胞衰老及其应用 |
| TW202425965A (zh) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-07-01 | 日商科研製藥股份有限公司 | 縮環化合物及含有其之醫藥 |
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| US4727064A (en) | 1984-04-25 | 1988-02-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Pharmaceutical preparations containing cyclodextrin derivatives |
| US4683195A (en) | 1986-01-30 | 1987-07-28 | Cetus Corporation | Process for amplifying, detecting, and/or-cloning nucleic acid sequences |
| US7323496B2 (en) * | 1999-11-08 | 2008-01-29 | Theracos, Inc. | Compounds for treatment of inflammation, diabetes and related disorders |
| WO2003100089A1 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2003-12-04 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Methods of modulating mitochondrial nad-dependent deacetylase |
| US20060292652A1 (en) * | 2003-01-16 | 2006-12-28 | Elixir Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Substrate detection assay |
| WO2005004814A2 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-01-20 | Elixir Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Sirt1 and genetic disorders |
| US20050136429A1 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2005-06-23 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | SIRT1 modulation of adipogenesis and adipose function |
| JP2007515429A (ja) * | 2003-12-19 | 2007-06-14 | エリクシアー ファーマシューティカルズ, インコーポレイテッド | 障害を治療する方法 |
| EP1853610A1 (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2007-11-14 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | N-phenyl benzamide derivatives as sirtuin modulators |
| DK1910384T3 (da) | 2005-08-04 | 2012-12-17 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals Inc | Imidazo [2,1-b] thiazol-derivater som sirtuinmodulerende forbindelser |
| EP1955077B1 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2012-06-13 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Mass spectrometry assays for acetyltransferase/deacetylase activity |
| AU2008229385A1 (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2008-09-25 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Biomarkers of sirtuin activity and methods of use thereof |
| CL2008001822A1 (es) * | 2007-06-20 | 2009-03-13 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals Inc | Compuestos derivados de tiazolo[5,4-b]piridina; composicion farmaceutica que comprende a dichos compuestos; y uso del compuesto en el tratamiento de la resistencia a la insulina, sindrome metabolico, diabetes, entre otras. |
| TW200918542A (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2009-05-01 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals Inc | Sirtuin modulating compounds |
| MX2010005186A (es) * | 2007-11-08 | 2010-05-27 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals Inc | Tiazolopiridinas solubilizadas. |
| CA2729128C (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2016-05-31 | Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Benzimidazoles and related analogs as sirtuin modulators |
| KR20110033304A (ko) * | 2008-07-23 | 2011-03-30 | 메사추세츠 인스티튜트 오브 테크놀로지 | Dna 손상에 대해 보호하고 신경세포 생존을 증가시키는 히스톤 디아세틸라제 1 (hdac1)의 활성화 |
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- 2011-04-15 US US13/641,392 patent/US20130102009A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-04-15 EP EP20110769642 patent/EP2558589A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-04-15 EP EP15185484.1A patent/EP2993236A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-04-15 JP JP2013505166A patent/JP6038773B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2011130595A2 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
| CN102985553A (zh) | 2013-03-20 |
| EP2558589A2 (en) | 2013-02-20 |
| CN102985553B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
| US20130102009A1 (en) | 2013-04-25 |
| EP2993236A1 (en) | 2016-03-09 |
| EP2558589A4 (en) | 2014-01-01 |
| WO2011130595A3 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
| JP2013523189A (ja) | 2013-06-17 |
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