JP6074604B2 - Sharpener - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a shaving machine used for gear machining, slotter machining, and the like.

  As a shaving machine used for gear machining or slotter machining (for example, Non-Patent Document 1), for example, as shown in Patent Document 1, teeth are created while moving a pinion cutter in the width direction of a workpiece. There is a processing device. In this apparatus, the tooth surface is cut while lowering the cutter, and then the cutter is swung and tilted to be separated from the workpiece. Then, after the cutter is lifted while the cutter and the work are separated from each other, the cutter is swung again to return to the initial state. The gear is machined by repeatedly performing such machining while adjusting the cut amount of the workpiece.

JP 2012-218100 A

Suntech Co., Ltd., “What is Slotter”, [online] (searched on February 28, 2013), Internet <URL: http://www.suntech-slotting.com/about/index.html>

  However, in the above-mentioned shaving machine, the cutter is swung by the cam, so that a large force related to the swing acts on the cam. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the rigidity of the cam in design. In addition, since a large force acts on the cam, it is expected that damage such as wear of the cam will increase, and this may reduce the swing accuracy. The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a shaving machine that does not need to increase the rigidity of the cam and can improve the machining accuracy while using the cam. To do.

  The shaving machine according to the present invention includes a processing tool for processing a workpiece, a main shaft that supports the processing tool, a support that supports the main shaft, a base that supports the support in a swingable manner, and the support. A spindle drive mechanism for reciprocating the spindle in the axial direction of the spindle, and a support swing mechanism attached to the base for swinging the support from a reference position. The moving mechanism includes a slider that can reciprocate in a reference direction parallel to the main shaft at the reference position, a guide member that supports the slider so as to reciprocate, and one end that is swingably connected to the slider. The other end portion includes a connecting member that is swingably connected to the support body, and a cam mechanism that reciprocates the slider.

  According to this configuration, after processing the workpiece when the spindle supporting the processing tool moves in one direction in the axial direction, the support swings from the reference position by the support swing mechanism, The processing tool is configured to be separated from the workpiece. Then, after the main shaft has moved in the other direction in a state where the support is swung, when the support is returned to the reference position by the support swing mechanism, the workpiece can be processed again. In parallel with this operation, the processing tool is rotated by the rotation of the spindle, and the processing position of the workpiece is changed. As described above, in the shaving machine according to the present invention, the workpiece is processed while rotating the processing tool while repeatedly processing the workpiece with the processing tool, separating the processing tool from the workpiece, and returning the processing tool to the initial position. To go.

  Here, the support rocking mechanism in the shaving machine according to the present invention operates as follows. First, when the cam mechanism is driven, the slider arranged parallel to the main shaft moves from the initial position. Accordingly, the connecting member connected to the slider swings so as to be pulled, and the support member connected to the connecting member swings to the slider side. For this reason, the force acting when the support swings acts on the slider and the guide portion, so that it is possible to prevent the force from acting directly on the cam mechanism. Therefore, the cam does not require high rigidity in design.

  Further, in this support body swing mechanism, the slider is reciprocated by the cam mechanism, and the support body is pulled and swings by the swing of the connecting member accompanying the movement of the slider in the reference direction. Therefore, since the moving distance of the support is smaller than the moving distance of the slider, for example, even if the cam is worn, the influence on the moving distance of the support is small. As a result, stable machining that is not easily affected by the state of the cam becomes possible, so that machining accuracy can be improved while using the cam.

  In the shaving machine, the cam mechanism is disposed on one side of the reference direction across the slider, and is disposed on the other side of the reference direction, and an elastic member that biases the slider toward the one side. Further, it can be provided. By providing such an elastic member, the slider is biased toward the cam mechanism, so that the position of the slider can follow the operation of the cam mechanism, and the movement of the cam mechanism can be reliably transmitted.

  The shaving machine may further include at least one balance weight that can be driven by the spindle driving mechanism. The balance weight has a center of gravity of the balance weight that moves to the other side when the main shaft moves to the one side, and a center of gravity of the balance weight that moves to the other side when the main shaft moves to the other side. It can be driven by the spindle drive mechanism so as to move to the side.

  By providing the balance weight in this way, the vibration due to the vertical movement of the main shaft can be canceled by the operation of the balance weight. As a result, it is possible to prevent vibration due to vertical movement of the main shaft.

  Here, the pair of balance weights can be arranged so as to sandwich the main shaft. Thereby, the balance of the apparatus which pinched | interposed the main axis | shaft can be improved.

  In the shaving machine, the cam mechanism can be driven by the spindle driving mechanism. By driving the cam mechanism with the main shaft drive mechanism, it is not necessary to separately receive a drive device for driving the cam mechanism, so that the device can be prevented from being enlarged.

  In the shaving machine, the spindle driving mechanism can be configured to be rotatable around the spindle, and the processing tool can be a pinion cutter, for example.

  According to the shaving machine according to the present invention, it is not necessary to particularly increase the rigidity of the cam, and the machining accuracy can be improved while using the cam.

It is a front view of the shaving machine which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a side view of FIG. It is the sectional view on the AA line of FIG. FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 2. It is CC sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is the DD sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is an expanded view which shows the connection state of the gearwheel in a gear box. It is the EE sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is the FF sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is a figure which shows operation | movement of the shaving machine of FIG.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a shaving machine according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. This shaving machine is a device for generating and cutting a tooth surface of a gear, which is a workpiece, and is sometimes called a gear shaper. In the following description, directions will be described based on the X, Y, and Z axes shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the upper side of FIG. 1 will be referred to as “upper” and the lower side will be referred to as “lower”. Sometimes.

  1 is a front view of a shaving machine according to this embodiment, FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. . As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the shaving machine according to the present embodiment includes an L-shaped housing 1 in front view. More specifically, the housing 1 includes a base 11 extending in the horizontal direction and an upright portion 12 extending upward from one end of the base 11. A work support part 2 that supports a work is attached to the lower ends of the base 11 and the upright part 12, and a work processing part 3 having a cutter for processing the work is attached to the upper part of the upright part 12. First, the workpiece support 2 will be described.

  The work support unit 2 includes a table support base 21 that moves on the base 11 and a table 22 that is rotatably arranged on the table support base 21 and supports the work. A guide rail 23 extending in the direction is attached, and a table support 21 is movably disposed on the guide rail 23. A first motor 81 is attached to the lower end of the upright portion 12, and a ball screw 25 extending in the X direction is attached to the first motor 81. A nut 26 screwed into the ball screw 25 is fixed to the table support base 21. As a result, when the first motor 81 is driven, the ball screw 25 rotates, and the table support base 21 reciprocates in the X direction.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a rotary shaft 27 extending in the Z direction is rotatably supported on the table support base 21, and a circular table 22 in plan view is disposed at the upper end portion of the rotary shaft 27. A worm wheel 28 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 27, and a screw gear 29 is screwed to the worm wheel 28. The screw gear 29 is disposed so as to extend in the Y direction, and a second motor (not shown) is connected to the end of the screw gear 29. Thereby, when the second motor is driven, the screw gear 29 is rotated, and accordingly, the table 22 is rotated around the Z axis.

  Next, the workpiece machining unit 3 will be described with reference to FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the workpiece processing unit 3 includes a U-shaped base 31 that is fixed to the upright portion 12 of the housing 1, and the base 31 has an inside in the Z direction. An extending support 32 is swingably attached. Support shafts 33 extending in the Y direction are fixed at opposing positions on the outer peripheral surface of the support 32 and extend in opposite directions. Each support shaft 33 is rotatably supported inside the base portion 31. Thereby, the support body 32 can swing around the Y axis.

  In FIG. 5, a cylindrical internal space is formed inside the support body 32, and a cylindrical tube member 321 extending in the vertical direction is rotatably supported in this space. The cylindrical member 321 is rotatable around the Z axis, and a worm wheel 322 is fixed to the outer peripheral surface thereof. As shown in FIG. 5, a screw gear 323 is screwed onto the worm wheel 322. The screw gear 323 is supported by the support body 32 so as to extend in the Y direction, and a third motor 83 is connected to the end of the screw gear 323. Accordingly, when the third motor 83 is driven, the screw gear 323 is rotated, and accordingly, the cylindrical member 321 is rotated around the Z axis in the support body 32. The main shaft 34 is disposed in the cylindrical member 321 so as to be movable up and down. The main shaft 34 is configured to be moved up and down by a drive unit described later, and a receiving part 341 for receiving a spherical joint part 51 extending from the drive part is attached to the upper end part. On the other hand, a gear-shaped pinion cutter (processing tool) 342 is detachably fixed to the lower end portion of the main shaft 34. The worm wheel 322, the screw gear 323, and the third motor described above constitute a part of the main shaft drive mechanism in the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 3, a spline 343 extending in the vertical direction is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the main shaft 34, and the spline 343 is fitted into a spline groove 344 formed on the inner wall surface of the cylindrical member 321. Yes. Thus, the main shaft 34 can move up and down in the cylindrical member 321 while rotating around the Z axis together with the cylindrical member 321. A plurality of grooves 345 extending in the circumferential direction are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the lower end portion of the main shaft 34, and lubricating oil is supplied to the grooves 345. For this reason, the main shaft 34 is configured to rotate inside the support body 32 by a sliding bearing via lubricating oil.

  Here, the support 32 supports the main shaft 34 in the vertical direction when the support 32 is not swung by a support wobbling mechanism 7 described later. The position of the main shaft 34 at this time is referred to as a reference position, and the direction of the main shaft 34 (here, the vertical direction) is referred to as a reference direction.

  Next, a drive unit that moves the main shaft 34 up and down will be described. The drive unit includes a gear box 4 serving as a drive source and a connection unit 5 that connects the gear box 4 and the main shaft 34. The connecting part 5 is configured as follows. First, a spherical joint portion 51 is fitted into the receiving portion 341 at the upper end portion of the main shaft 34, and a support member 52 extending upward is connected to the joint portion 51. A connecting shaft 53 extending in the Y-axis direction is rotatably attached to the upper end of the support member 52. The connecting shaft 53 is connected to the gear box 4 disposed on the upper surface of the base 31. That is, the joint part 51, the support member 52, and the connection shaft 53 constitute the connection part 5. This drive unit constitutes a part of the spindle drive mechanism in the present invention.

  Next, the gear box 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD of FIG. 3, and FIG. 7 is a development view showing a connected state of gears in the gear box 4. As shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, the gear box 4 is disposed on the upper surface of the base portion 31 and includes a housing portion 40 that houses a motor and gears therein. A fourth motor 84 is disposed on the upper portion of the accommodating portion 40. As shown in FIG. 7, the output shaft 841 of the motor 84 extends into the housing portion 40 and the first gear 41 is fixed. A second gear 42 meshes with the first gear 41, and a third gear 43 meshes with the second gear 42. A drive shaft 431 is fixed to the third gear 43, and both end portions of the drive shaft 431 protrude from the housing portion 40 to the outside. The connecting shaft 53 described above is connected to one end portion of the drive shaft 431 protruding from the housing portion 40, and a balance weight 6 described later is attached to the other end portion of the drive shaft 431. A fourth gear 44 is fixed to the drive shaft 431 in the accommodating portion 40, and a fifth gear 45 is engaged with the fourth gear 44. The fifth gear 45 meshes with two gears, the sixth gear 46 meshes with one end in the X direction (right side in FIG. 6), and the seventh gear 47 meshes with the other end in the X direction. Yes. The eighth gear 48 meshes with the seventh gear 47. As shown in FIG. 6, the drive shaft 431 is disposed at the center of the sixth gear 46 and the eighth gear 48 in the X direction.

  The rotation shaft 461 of the sixth gear 46 and the rotation shaft 481 of the eighth gear 48 respectively protrude from the housing portion 40 to the outside. These extend in the Y direction so as to sandwich the main shaft 34, and balance weights 462 and 482 are attached, as will be described later.

  As shown in FIG. 3, one end portion of the drive shaft 431 protruding from the housing portion 40 and the connecting shaft 53 are connected in an offset state. That is, the axis of the drive shaft 431 and the axis of the connecting shaft 53 are shifted from each other, forming a crankshaft. Therefore, when the drive shaft 431 rotates, the connection shaft 53 rotates so as to revolve around the axis of the drive shaft 431, so that the support member 52 connected to the connection shaft 53 moves up and down. Since the support member 52 is connected to the main shaft 34 via the spherical joint portion 51, the support member 52 can swing in any direction with respect to the main shaft 34. As a result, the vertical movement of the support member 52 is smoothly transmitted to the main shaft 34, and the main shaft 34 moves up and down. Note that the length of the offset between the axis of the drive shaft 431 and the axis of the connecting shaft 53 can be changed.

  On the other hand, the balance weight 6 is disposed outside the housing portion 40 at the other end of the drive shaft 431. The balance weight 6 is formed in a disc shape, and a weight 61 is disposed on a part of the outer periphery thereof. The weight 61 is provided corresponding to the crankshaft described above. That is, the weight 61 is provided on the side opposite to the side where the connecting shaft 53 is offset with respect to the drive shaft 431, and absorbs vibration due to the rotation of the connecting shaft 53. Further, the weight can change the radial position on the balance weight 6. That is, the position can be changed according to the length of the offset between the axis of the drive shaft 431 and the axis of the connecting shaft 53.

  Further, the rotation shafts 461 and 481 of the sixth gear 46 and the eighth gear 48 in the gear box 4 protrude outward from the accommodating portion 40 and extend so as to sandwich the support member 52 above the base portion 31. Balance shafts 462 and 482 are attached to the respective rotation shafts 461 and 481 and have a sectoral cross section and extend along the rotation shafts 461 and 481. Since each rotating shaft 461,481 is being fixed to the base end part vicinity of a cross-sectional fan shape, the gravity center of balance weight 462,482 is in the position shifted | deviated from the rotating shaft. Each of the balance weights 462 and 482 is rotated together with the rotary shafts 461 and 481 by driving the fourth motor 84, and when the main shaft 34 is moving downward, the fan-shaped portion is upward so that the center of gravity is upward. It is comprised so that it may face. On the other hand, when the main shaft 34 is moving upward, the fan-shaped portion is arranged to face downward so that the center of gravity is downward. Thereby, the vibration which a device receives by the vertical movement of the main shaft 34 can be absorbed.

  Next, the support swing mechanism 7 for swinging the support 32 will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE in FIG. 3, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line FF in FIG. Of the rotating shafts 461 and 481 extending from the gear box 4 described above, a cam 71 is attached to the tip of the rotating shaft 481 disposed on the left side of FIG. A movable bar 72 extending downward is provided below the cam 71. A cam follower 73 is rotatably attached to the upper end of the movable bar 72 and is in contact with the lower side of the cam 71 described above. On the other hand, a slider 74 having a trapezoidal cross section is attached to the lower end of the movable bar 72, and this slider 74 is supported by a guide portion 75 attached to the base portion 31 so as to be movable up and down. More specifically, the main shaft 34 can be moved in parallel with the reference direction, which is the orientation of the main shaft 34 at the reference position. As shown in FIG. 8, a dovetail groove 751 is formed in the guide portion 75, and a trapezoidal slider 74 is fitted in the dovetail groove 751. As a result, the slider 74 is restricted from moving in the Y direction by the guide portion 75 and moves only in the Z direction.

  A connecting member 76 extending in the Y direction is attached to the slider 74. More specifically, one end portion of the connecting member 76 is attached to the slider 74 so as to be swingable in the vertical direction, and the other end portion of the connecting member 76 swings to the side surface of the support body 32 via the bracket 77. It is attached freely. A spring 78 is attached to the lower end of the slider 74, and the slider 74 and the movable rod 72 are urged upward by the spring 78. That is, the cam follower 73 is pressed against the cam 71 by the spring 78. The spring 78 is supported by a bracket 79 provided on the base 31.

  The vertical movement of the main shaft 34 due to the rotation of the drive shaft 431 and the vertical movement of the slider 74 due to the rotation of the rotation shaft 481 are synchronized, and the slider 74 moves upward when the main shaft 34 moves to the lowest point. The support 32 is moved to swing. When the main shaft 34 moves to the uppermost point, the slider 74 moves downward and the support 32 returns to the initial position. Such synchronization adjustment is performed by adjusting the gears 41 to 48 and the cam 71 of the gear box 4.

  Next, the operation of the shaving machine configured as described above will be described. First, the pinion cutter 342 is attached to the spindle 34 and the workpiece W is placed on the table 22. Subsequently, the second and third motors 82 and 83 are driven to rotate the spindle 34 and the table 22. Thereby, the rotation of the cutter 342 and the rotation of the workpiece W are synchronized. Next, the first motor 81 is driven to adjust the position of the workpiece W in the X direction. Thereby, the cutting position of the workpiece | work W is adjusted. Subsequently, when the fourth motor 84 is driven, the workpiece W is processed. This will be described with reference to FIG. However, FIG. 10 shows the movement of each member exaggerated.

  When the drive shaft 431 rotates from the initial position in FIG. 10A, the main shaft 34 descends. In this process, as shown in FIG. 10B, the pinion cutter 342 attached to the main shaft 34 cuts the workpiece W. When the pinion cutter 342 moves downward from the workpiece W, the movable rod 72 is pushed up by the rotation of the cam 71 and the spring 78, and the slider 74 moves upward from the initial position in FIG. Thereby, as shown in FIG.10 (c), the connection member 76 is pulled upwards and the support body 32 rock | fluctuates to the slider 74 side. Thus, when the pinion cutter 342 is separated from the workpiece W in the X direction, the spindle 34 is lifted as shown in FIG. When the main shaft 34 returns to the initial position, the movable rod 72 is pushed down by the rotation of the cam 71, and the slider 74 moves downward. Thereby, the connection member 76 presses the support body 32, and the support body 32 swings to the initial position shown to Fig.10 (a).

  During the operation as described above, the main shaft 34 and the workpiece W rotate synchronously, so that the workpiece W is processed over the entire circumference. In parallel with this, the cutting amount is increased by moving the table 22 by the first motor 81. Thus, when the predetermined machining is completed, the driving of all the motors is stopped and the workpiece W is removed from the table 22.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the support rocking mechanism 7 has the following characteristics. That is, when the cam 71 is driven, the slider 74 disposed in parallel with the main shaft 34 moves from the initial position. Accordingly, the connecting member 76 connected to the slider 74 swings so as to be pulled, and the support body 32 connected to the connecting member 76 swings toward the slider 74 side. Therefore, the force acting when the support body 32 swings acts on the slider 74 and the guide portion 75, so that direct force can be prevented from acting on the cam 71 and the cam follower 73. Therefore, the cam does not require high rigidity in design.

  In the support swing mechanism 7, the slider 74 is reciprocated by the cam 71, and the support 32 is pulled and swings by the swing of the connecting member 76 accompanying the movement of the slider 74 in the reference direction. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 10C, the moving distance k of the support 32 is smaller than the moving distance S of the slider 74. For example, even if the cam 71 and the cam follower 73 are worn, The influence on the moving distance is reduced. As a result, stable machining that is not easily affected by the state of the cam 71 and the cam follower 73 becomes possible, so that the machining accuracy can be improved while using the cam mechanism.

  As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this Embodiment, A various change is possible unless it deviates from the meaning. For example, the form of the balance weights 462 and 482 described above is not particularly limited as long as at least one balance weight corresponding to the vertical movement of the main shaft 34 is received.

  In the above embodiment, the spring 78 is used to cause the slider 74 to follow the movement of the cam 71, but the present invention is not limited to this, and various modes are possible.

  In the above embodiment, the support swing mechanism 7 is driven by the drive unit that moves the main shaft 34 up and down, but is not limited to this, and can be driven by a separate drive unit. Further, the drive mode shown in the above embodiment is merely an example, and a drive mechanism for performing vertical movement of the main shaft 34, rotation of the main shaft 34, vertical movement of the slider 74, rotation of the table 22, and parallel movement of the table 22. As long as they are driven, various modes are possible.

  In the above-described embodiment, the main shaft is directed in the vertical direction. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can also be applied to a horizontal apparatus in which the main shaft faces in the horizontal direction.

31 Base 32 Support 34 Main Spindle 342 Pinion Cutter (Processing Tool)
462, 482 Balance weight 7 Support body swing mechanism 71 Cam 74 Slider 75 Guide portion 76 Connecting member 78 Spring (elastic member)

Claims (6)

A processing tool for processing the workpiece;
A main shaft that supports the processing tool;
A support for supporting the main shaft;
A base for swingably supporting the support;
A spindle driving mechanism for reciprocating the spindle in the axial direction of the spindle;
A support swinging mechanism attached to the base and swinging the support from a reference position;
The support swing mechanism is
A slider capable of reciprocating in a reference direction parallel to the main shaft at the reference position;
A guide member for reciprocally supporting the slider;
A connecting member having one end portion swingably connected to the slider and the other end portion swingably connected to the support;
A cam mechanism for reciprocating the slider;
A shaving machine equipped with The cam mechanism is disposed on one side of the reference direction across the slider,
The shaving machine according to claim 1, further comprising an elastic member disposed on the other side of the reference direction and biasing the slider toward the one side. At least one balance weight that can be driven by the spindle drive mechanism;
When the main shaft moves to one side in the axial direction , the balance weight moves when the center of gravity of the balance weight moves to the other side in the axial direction, and when the main shaft moves to the other side in the axial direction. The shaving machine according to claim 1 or 2, driven by the spindle driving mechanism so that the center of gravity of the balance weight moves to one side in the axial direction .
  The shaving machine according to claim 3, wherein the pair of balance weights are arranged so as to sandwich the main shaft.   The shaving machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cam mechanism is driven by the spindle driving mechanism.   The shaving machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the spindle driving mechanism is configured to be rotatable around the spindle and the processing tool is a pinion cutter.

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