JP6076259B2 - てんかんの治療における標準抗てんかん剤(saed)と組み合わせたフィトカンナビノイドカンナビジオール(cbd)の使用 - Google Patents
てんかんの治療における標準抗てんかん剤(saed)と組み合わせたフィトカンナビノイドカンナビジオール(cbd)の使用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
エトスクシミドによって例示されるような、低閾値若しくは一過性ニューロンカルシウム電流を変調させる、又は
バルプロエートによって例示されるような、高周波数ニューロン発火(neuronal firing)及びナトリウム依存性活動電位を低減させ、GABA効果を更に増強することができる
薬剤と組み合わせて使用される。
a)部分発作、及び
b)全般発作
という2つの基本的なカテゴリーにグループ分けすることができる。
精神衛生上の問題(例えば、幼少期における正常なグルタミン酸作動性シナプスの発達の抑制)、
認知障害(例えば、学習し記憶を蓄えるための海馬中の神経回路の能力の減弱)、及び
形態上の変化(例えば、興奮毒性の結果として内側側頭葉てんかんを示す患者の海馬のCA1領域及びCA3領域中のニューロンの選択的喪失)(非特許文献20、非特許文献21)。
ペンチレンテトラゾール(PTZ)によって誘導される全般発作のモデル(非特許文献24、非特許文献25)、
ピロカルピンによって誘導される側頭葉(すなわち海馬)発作のモデル(非特許文献26)、及び
ペニシリンによって誘導される部分発作のモデル(非特許文献27)。
低閾値若しくは一過性ニューロンカルシウム電流を変調させる薬剤、例えばエトスクシミド、又は
高周波数ニューロン発火及びナトリウム依存性活動電位を低減させる(またGABA効果を更に増強することができる)薬剤、例えばバルプロエート
によって例示され得る。
a.強直間代発作の発生率を低減させること、
b.患者が無発作である時間の量を増大させること、
c.発作の開始までの潜時を増大させること、
d.発作の全持続時間を減少させること、並びに
e.発作の重症度及び致死率を低減させること。
てんかんのPTZモデルにおける標準抗てんかん剤(SAED)と組み合わせたフィトカンナビノイドCBDの使用
方法論:
動物:
雄のウィスターラット(P24〜29、75g〜110g)を使用して、全般発作のPTZモデルにおけるSAEDと組み合わせたフィトカンナビノイドCBDの効果を評価した。実験の前に、試験環境、ケージ、注射プロトコル及び取扱いに動物を慣らした。動物を、21℃、12時間の明暗サイクル(09時00分に明るくする)、湿度50%の部屋に収容し、飼料及び水を自由に摂取できる状態にした。
HED=動物用量(mg/kg)×(動物のKm/ヒトのKm)
ラットのKmは6であり、ヒトのKmは37である。
5個の6L容蓋付パースペクス製タンクを、タンクの間に仕切りを設けた単一のベンチ上に配置した。ラットの挙動を観察するために、その仕切り上に閉回路テレビ(CCTV)カメラを取り付けた。Sony Topica CCDカメラ(Bluecherry, USA)を、BNCケーブルを介して、Brooktreeのデジタルキャプチャカード(Bluecherry, USA)により低ノイズPCと接続した。Zoneminder(http://www.zoneminder.com)のソフトウェアを使用して、ラットをモニタリングし、録画を開始及び終了させ、ビデオファイルを管理した。社内(In-house)Linuxスクリプトを使用して、ビデオファイルを、The Observer(Noldus Technologies)を使用する更なるオフライン解析に好適なフォーマットへとエンコードした。
或る用量範囲のPTZ(体重1kg当たり50mg〜100mg)を使用して、発作の誘導に最良の用量を決定した(下記を参照されたい)。結果として、腹腔内(IP、ストック溶液は、0.9%の生理食塩水中、50mg/ml)注射する80mg/kgの用量を使用して、CBD/SAEDの組合せをスクリーニングした。
試験日に、単離CBDを、100mg/kgの用量で腹腔内(i.p.)注射によって投与するのと並行して、陰性対照群の役割を果たす同体積のカンナビノイドビヒクル(エタノール:クレモホル:0.9%(w/v)NaCl溶液(2:1:17))を動物に注射した。それから動物を1時間観察し、その後動物に80mg/kgのPTZのIP注射を行った。陰性ビヒクル対照の実験を、カンナビノイドを投与した被験体の実験と並行して行った。PTZを投与した後、動物を観察しビデオ録画して、発作の重症度、及び幾つかの種類の発作挙動までの潜時を決定した(以下のin vivo解析を参照されたい)。動物を、発作の最後の徴候の後30分間フィルムに収め(filmed)、それからそれぞれのケージに戻した。
実験手順中に動物を観察したが、全ての解析は、The Observer挙動解析ソフトウェア(Noldus, Netherlands)を使用して、録画したビデオファイルによってオフラインで行った。発作の重症度のスコア化システムを使用して、被験体が経験した発作のレベルを決定した(Pohl & Mares, 1987)。全ての動物に関して、発作の全ての徴候を詳細に記載した。
PTZの注射から第一ミオクローヌス反射(FMJ、スコア1)までの、及び動物が「強直性要素及び身体のねじれを伴う前肢間代」(スコア3.5)に到達するまでの潜時(単位:秒)を記録した。FMJは、発作活動の開始の指標であるが、90%を超える動物がスコア3.5を生じるため、より重度の発作の発生の良好なマーカーである。データを、実験群内の平均±S.E.M.として示す。
これは、以下のスコア化尺度に基づき、各実験群に関する中央値として示す。
PTZによって誘導される発作の結果として死んだ動物の実験群内における百分率。強直間代発作(スコア4及びスコア5)を発生した動物の大部分が結果的に死んだこと、及びスコア6(死)は動物が強直間代発作も経験したことを自動的に示すことに留意されたい。
発作の最初の徴候(通常はFMJ)から(生存した動物と生存しなかった動物とに分けて)発作の最後の徴候までの時間、又は被験体が死んだ場合には死ぬまでの時間(単位:秒)。これは、各実験群に関して平均±S.E.M.として示す。
潜時及び重症度の尺度に関して、試験群に対して一元配置分散分析(ANOVA)を行って、CBD及びSAEDの組み合わせによる全体的な効果を検出した(p≦0.05を有意とみなした)。
図1から、SAEDバルプロエートへのCBDの添加が、致死率(百分率)及び強直間代発作の発生率を低減させることに対する効果を有することを観察することができる。CBD及びより高用量のバルプロエートの組合せが、動物が無発作であった時間を増大させる上で、より効果的であることも示される。
この実施例において実証されるデータは、ナトリウムチャネル又はカルシウムチャネルを含む作用メカニズムを有するSAEDとのCBDの組合せが全般発作を治療する際に有用であることを明らかに示している。
(側頭葉)てんかんのピロカルピンモデルにおける標準抗てんかん剤(SAED)と組み合わせたフィトカンナビノイドCBDの使用
方法論:
単離CBDを、標準的なビヒクル(エタノール:クレモホル:0.9%(w/v)NaCl(1:1:18))において50mg/kg、100mg/kg及び200mg/kgの用量で腹腔内(IP)注射するのと並行して、同体積のビヒクルを単独で動物に投与した。15分後、メチルスコポラミン(1mg/kg、ピロカルピンの末梢ムスカリン様効果を低減させる)を投与し、その45分後、ピロカルピン(380mg/kg、IP)を投与した。
図4は、てんかんのピロカルピンモデルにおけるCBD及びバルプロエートの組合せの抗痙攣効果を実証する。これらのデータは、CBD及びバルプロエートの組合せが発作の開始の潜時を増大させることが可能であったことを示す。
上の実施例において実証されるデータは、ナトリウムチャネル又はカルシウムチャネルを介して作用する標準抗てんかん剤とのCBDの組合せが、種々の種類のてんかんの治療において有益であり得ることを示している。この知見は、その病状が既存の薬物療法に対して抵抗性を有する多くのてんかん患者にとって大きな重要性を有する。
Claims (8)
- 300mg/日より大きい用量のカンナビジオール(CBD)とバルプロエートとを組み合わせてなる、てんかんの治療において使用するための薬剤。
- 治療対象のてんかんの種類が全般発作である、請求項1に記載の薬剤。
- 治療対象のてんかんの種類が側頭葉発作である、請求項1に記載の薬剤。
- 治療対象のてんかんの種類が既存の薬物療法に対して抵抗性を有するものである、請求項1に記載の薬剤。
- 前記CBDを、1つ又は複数の他の治療上有効なフィトカンナビノイドとともに使用する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の薬剤。
- 前記1つ又は複数の他の治療上有効なフィトカンナビノイドがTHCV及び/又はCBDVである、請求項5に記載の薬剤。
- 前記CBDが単離フィトカンナビノイドである、請求項1に記載の薬剤。
- 前記CBDが植物性薬剤物質の形態で存在する、請求項1に記載の薬剤。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1100043.7A GB2487712B (en) | 2011-01-04 | 2011-01-04 | Use of the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) in combination with a standard anti-epileptic drug (SAED) in the treatment of epilepsy |
| GB1100043.7 | 2011-01-04 | ||
| PCT/GB2012/050002 WO2012093255A1 (en) | 2011-01-04 | 2012-01-03 | Use of the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (cbd) in combination with a standard anti-epileptic drug (saed) in the treatment of epilepsy |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2014501271A JP2014501271A (ja) | 2014-01-20 |
| JP6076259B2 true JP6076259B2 (ja) | 2017-02-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP2013546766A Active JP6076259B2 (ja) | 2011-01-04 | 2012-01-03 | てんかんの治療における標準抗てんかん剤(saed)と組み合わせたフィトカンナビノイドカンナビジオール(cbd)の使用 |
Country Status (21)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20140155456A9 (ja) |
| EP (2) | EP3791868A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6076259B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101853634B1 (ja) |
| CN (2) | CN107510846A (ja) |
| AR (1) | AR084559A1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2012204800C1 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR112013017154A8 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2822907C (ja) |
| CO (1) | CO6731122A2 (ja) |
| DK (1) | DK2661263T3 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2877502T3 (ja) |
| GB (1) | GB2487712B (ja) |
| IL (1) | IL227298A (ja) |
| MX (1) | MX349027B (ja) |
| PH (1) | PH12013501389A1 (ja) |
| RU (1) | RU2013136378A (ja) |
| SG (1) | SG191835A1 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI532479B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2012093255A1 (ja) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201305508B (ja) |
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| GB0425248D0 (en) | 2004-11-16 | 2004-12-15 | Gw Pharma Ltd | New use for cannabinoid |
| GB2471523A (en) | 2009-07-03 | 2011-01-05 | Gw Pharma Ltd | Use of tetrahydrocannibivarin (THCV) and optionally cannabidiol (CBD) in the treatment of epilepsy |
| TWI583374B (zh) | 2010-03-30 | 2017-05-21 | Gw伐瑪有限公司 | 使用植物大麻素次大麻二酚(cbdv)來治療癲癇之用途 |
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