JP6089329B2 - Tunnel ventilation control system with jet fan in two-way tunnel - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a ventilation equipment for a road tunnel with two-way traffic, and more particularly to a ventilation technique for a road tunnel in which ventilation is performed by a longitudinal flow ventilation control system using an inverter-driven jet fan.

In road tunnels, exhaust materials and dust from automobile engines harmful to human bodies are floating, and the concentration of pollutants in the tunnel increases. Therefore, it is necessary to exhaust the pollutants in the tunnel to ensure a good environment in the tunnel. Ventilation by natural ventilation or traffic ventilation is insufficient to exhaust the pollutants in the tunnel, and forced ventilation is performed using a ventilator installed in the tunnel.
There are various methods for tunnel ventilation. In many cases, a ventilation system called “vertical flow ventilation system” is standardly adopted as a ventilation system for small and medium-sized road tunnels with a size of 3000 m or less, which is very common in Japan.

  The "vertical flow ventilation system" is a ventilation system that uses the entire tunnel cross section as a ventilation duct. The ventilation system used is a jet fan that pushes the air inside the road tunnel out of the tunnel, and the air inside the road tunnel. There are electric dust collectors to be purified, etc., which are appropriately combined to form an air flow from the entrance to the exit of the tunnel and exhaust it. There may be a combination of a centralized exhaust system in which a resistance is provided near the center of the road tunnel to exchange air inside the road tunnel with air outside the road tunnel.

The jet fan drive motor in the conventional “longitudinal ventilation system” is driven by an induction motor whose starting current is several times the rated current.
FIG. 8 shows a two-way street tunnel of a longitudinal ventilation system using a conventional general jet fan. This tunnel is of a type called a two-way tunnel with traffic directions in both directions. In such a face-to-face road tunnel, eight jet fans for ventilation in the longitudinal direction are arranged inside. In the example of FIG. 8, eight jet fans 10a, 10b, 10c, and 10d are depicted. In a two-way tunnel, a longitudinal air flow is generated from the right to the left in the figure, and polluted air in the tunnel is exhausted from the left to the right. The operation of the jet fan 10 is controlled by the ventilation control device.

In the example of FIG. 8, an anemometer (AV meter) is installed near the entrance, near the center, and near the exit of the tunnel. A rate meter (VI meter) and a carbon monoxide concentration meter (CO meter) are installed (not shown).
The smoke transmission meter (VI meter) is a device that measures the contamination concentration from the proportion of light transmitted through the substance, and the carbon monoxide concentration meter (CO meter) is a device that measures the concentration of carbon monoxide. .
Here, various measuring devices that measure and collect the state in the tunnel are referred to as “tunnel internal state measuring devices”.

  In the longitudinal ventilation method using a conventional jet fan, based on various measured values indicating the state in the tunnel obtained from the anemometer, fume permeability meter, carbon monoxide concentration meter inside the two-way street tunnel, Adjustment of the number of operating jet fans 10a to 10d installed in the face-to-face road tunnel 1 is performed by a ventilation control device (not shown). That is, a tunnel internal state measuring device that measures environmental component values such as smoke, carbon monoxide, or wind direction and wind speed, for example, is installed inside the two-way street tunnel 1 and necessary ventilation is based on these measured values. Only the number of jet fans 10a to 10d required to secure the quantity is operated, and thereby the concentration of pollutants is set to a preset allowable value or less, thereby ensuring the safety and comfort of the tunnel user. . In conventional face-to-face tunnels, unit operation by feedback of contamination concentration (VI, CO) has been adopted for cost effectiveness, but one that controls the operation speed is also known.

Also known is PID control that takes into account the traffic volume measured using a traffic volume measuring device such as a traffic counter. The traffic volume measuring device is a device that measures the traffic volume of a vehicle passing through a face-to-face road tunnel.

For example, the ventilation control device reads the current traffic volume from the traffic volume measuring device, then calculates the amount of smoke generated by multiplying this traffic volume by the exhaust gas coefficient of the automobile and the structure coefficient of the road tunnel, The necessary ventilation amount Q is calculated from the soot generation amount and the control target value of the soot concentration. In parallel, the ventilation control device reads the air pollution concentration in the current road tunnel as a feedback value from the smoke transmission meter, obtains the deviation value between the necessary ventilation amount Q calculated as described above and the feedback value, PID control (proportional / integral / derivative control) is calculated from the deviation value, and the jet fan 10 is controlled and operated from the calculation result of the PID control.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-19250

The conventional longitudinal ventilation system has the following problems.
The first conventional problem is a malfunction of jet fan control accompanying a change in the measurement environment of the tunnel internal state measuring device.
As mentioned above, conventional face-to-face tunnels employ unit operation based on feedback focusing on the contamination concentration (VI, CO), and traffic meters are often not installed due to the mainstream feedback of VI and CO. It was. Jet fans directly generate wind speed due to forced ventilation in the tunnel, so feedback control that focuses on the concentration of contamination often leads to follow-up control, resulting in excessive ventilation and insufficient ventilation. Is the actual situation. Furthermore, there is a possibility that a problem of malfunction of jet fan control accompanying a change in the measurement environment of the tunnel internal state measuring device may be added.

Although the tunnel internal state measuring device is installed in the tunnel in a place where it is difficult to receive fluctuations in the measurement environment, irregular fluctuations may occur in the measurement environment.
For example, when a water truck passes to clean the inside of the tunnel, a large amount of water splashes into the tunnel, but the splash is applied to the sensor part of the tunnel internal state measuring device, and the tunnel internal state measuring device temporarily May show an abnormal value.
In addition, for example, an automobile lights in a tunnel and travels, but abnormal light reflection occurs in the tunnel due to the angle of the unevenness of the vehicle in front and special paint, etc., temporarily inside the tunnel The state measuring device may show an abnormal value.
In addition, for example, a poorly maintained vehicle traveling in a tunnel travels with particularly exhaust gas containing a large amount of soot, or the loaded cargo contains powder such as flour or cement powder. If there is a situation such as accidentally leaking from the loading platform and the amount of smoke or powder floating increases near the tunnel internal state measurement device, the tunnel internal state measurement device will temporarily show an abnormal value. It may be shown.

  In this way, due to various factors, the tunnel internal state measurement device may temporarily show abnormal measurement values due to fluctuations in the measurement environment of the tunnel internal state measurement device in the tunnel. The measured value is temporary, and if the problem phenomenon observed near the tunnel internal state measurement device is resolved or if the problem vehicle moves away from the tunnel internal state measurement device, Often returns to normal values.

  In the longitudinal flow ventilation system of a jet fan using a conventional feedback control technique, drive control of the jet fan is performed based on an abnormal measurement value of a tunnel internal state measuring device that is temporarily generated. The jet fan drive control device cooperates with a plurality of jet fans arranged in the tunnel. Even if the number of jet fans is temporarily increased as a malfunction, the number of revolutions is changed by changing the number of revolutions. If it is raised, there will be a problem of wasting a large amount of power energy. In addition, it takes a considerable amount of time to stop the jet fan that has been once driven due to a malfunction or to restore the rotational speed.

  For example, when a watering wheel passes, splashes are scattered around it, but every time the watering wheel passes in the vicinity of the tunnel internal state measurement device, abnormal measurement values of the tunnel internal state measurement device are temporarily measured. Therefore, the phenomenon that the measured value returns to the normal value after a while after passing is repeated. If there are two tunnel internal state measuring devices in the tunnel, abnormal measurement values will be generated and resolved twice, and the jet fan drive control device will be installed in the tunnel. The wasteful control of increasing / decreasing the number of fans driven and increasing / decreasing the number of rotations is repeated.

The second problem is that only control using the data obtained from the tunnel internal state measuring device cannot cope with problems caused by temporary changes in the measurement environment of the tunnel internal state measuring device, and as a result, accurate prediction is used. It is difficult to perform advanced jet fan control such as hybrid adaptive control that combines feedforward control and feedback control, and cascade control that connects feedback loops.
The required mechanical ventilation power changes every moment according to the fluctuation of natural ventilation power and traffic ventilation power, but hybrid adaptive control that combines feedforward control and feedback control using accurate prediction, If advanced control such as cascading control in which a plurality of feedback loops are connected can be performed, more accurate ventilation control is possible. However, as described above, when the measurement environment of the tunnel internal state measuring device changes temporarily and data indicating the original correct state of the tunnel cannot be obtained, feedforward control or Cascade control was unavoidable, and proper jet fan control could not be performed, taking into account defects due to temporary changes in the measurement environment of the tunnel internal state measurement device.

  In view of the above problems, the present invention provides accurate feedback control that incorporates problems due to temporary changes in the measurement environment of the tunnel internal state measurement device, and hybrid adaptive control that combines feedforward control and feedback control using prediction. Another object of the present invention is to provide a longitudinal ventilation system that enables power saving by advanced jet fan control such as cascading control coupled with a feedback loop.

In order to achieve the above object, a tunnel ventilation control system according to the present invention is a tunnel that is installed near or inside a tunnel, and measures and collects input data outside the tunnel, such as a vehicle entering the tunnel from outside and natural wind. An external input measurement device, a tunnel internal state measurement device that is installed in the tunnel and measures and collects state data in the tunnel, and natural winds and traffic in the tunnel based on the measurement values of the tunnel external input measurement device A jet fan control device for controlling the driving of a jet fan for ventilating the inside of the tunnel based on a measurement value of the tunnel internal state measurement device and a prediction value of the prediction unit based on a prediction value for predicting wind and pollution generation amount ; The jet fan control device receives the measurement value of the tunnel internal state measurement device, and the outside of the tunnel The measurement value in which the prediction unit by the measurement value and the tunnel ventilation estimation model is measured by the tunnel internal state measurement apparatus as compared with the predicted value of the state amount in the tunnel predicted force measuring device does not exceed the predetermined range In this case, the driving of the jet fan is controlled based on the received measurement value, and when the measurement value exceeds a predetermined range, the normal tunnel internal state measuring device is used until the predetermined elapsed time elapses. Based on the measurement value of the normal tunnel internal state measurement device after the measurement value of the tunnel internal state measurement device returns to the predetermined range after temporarily stopping the control based on the measurement value and continuing the latest control. performs resume ventilation control control, after had passed a predetermined elapsed time, based on the measured value changes in the tunnel internal state measuring device, the tunnel Detecting a part input measuring apparatus failure and failure of the tunnel internal state measurement apparatus, based on the detected result, a tunnel ventilation control system and controls the driving of the jet fan.

In the above configuration, each configuration is preferably as follows.
For example, the tunnel external input measuring device includes at least a traffic measuring device (traffic counter) that measures and collects vehicle traffic, and the tunnel internal state measuring device includes at least a fume permeability meter, There is a configuration including a carbon monoxide concentration meter and a cross-sectional anemometer.
Further, the tunnel internal state measuring device may include a nitrogen oxide concentration meter that measures a nitrogen oxide concentration value in addition to a fume permeability meter, a carbon monoxide concentration meter, and a cross-sectional anemometer. In recent years, the importance of so-called NOx regulations has also increased.

As the tunnel external input measuring device, a configuration including a microbarometer that is provided at the entrance of the tunnel and estimates natural wind blown into the tunnel by a pressure difference is preferable. By providing a micro-barometer, it is possible to grasp the macro speed and macro amount of natural wind blowing into the tunnel. The anemometer provided inside the tunnel measures the wind speed at the installation location in the tunnel. On the other hand, if the differential pressure gauge is used, it is possible to estimate the natural wind blown into the tunnel from the outside as a whole.
Even if a microbarometer is not provided, it is possible to estimate natural wind by using a wind speed model of traffic meter and anemometer data.

Here, whether the change in the measured value of the tunnel internal state measurement device as described above is a temporary cause such as a temporary change in the measurement environment, or it is installed in the tunnel internal state measurement device or the tunnel external input measurement device. It is preferable to determine whether the cause is a failure of the sensor portion.
Therefore, the jet fan control apparatus, configured to measure the elapsed time from the pause start time of control based on the measurement values are preferred.

If the elapsed time is the measured value within a predetermined time has returned to within the predetermined range, the jet fan control unit, determining that the were those attributable to temporal changes in the measurement environment in the tunnel internal state measurement device can do.
If the elapsed time exceeds the predetermined time, the jet fan control device may determine permanent failure of the tunnel internal state measurement device itself has occurred.
If only fumes transmittance data in the tunnel continues beyond the predetermined range, the jet fan control unit estimates said elapsed time is what is excess cause a predetermined time due to the fog, It is possible to shift to control when fog is generated.

In addition, a tunnel external input measuring device such as a traffic volume measuring device (traffic counter) may break down. Therefore, the jet fan control device may cause the elapsed time to exceed the predetermined time when all of the fog transmission data, the polluted gas concentration data, and the wind speed data in the tunnel continue to exceed the predetermined range. It is also possible to determine that a permanent failure of the tunnel external input measuring device has occurred.

  According to the above configuration, whether the change in the actual measurement value of the tunnel internal state measurement device is a temporary cause such as a temporary change in the measurement environment, is installed in the tunnel internal state measurement device or the tunnel external input measurement device. It is possible to determine whether the cause is a failure of the sensor portion.

Next, the tunnel ventilation estimation model held by the jet fan control device will be described. As a tunnel ventilation estimation model, in addition to the feedback control described above, advanced hybrid control combining feedforward control for prediction can be included.
For example, in the above-described jet fan control device, a wind speed model that models the wind flowing in the tunnel, a traffic model that models vehicle traffic in the tunnel, and a pollutant generated by a vehicle that passes through the tunnel A model storage unit that stores and stores a contamination concentration model in which the concentration of the gas is modeled, and the data in the tunnel acquired from the measurement device as input, and the wind speed model in the model storage unit according to the change in the data in the tunnel, A model parameter estimation unit that estimates and updates parameters of the traffic model and the pollution concentration model, a target value of fume transmittance, a target value of pollutant gas concentration, data in the tunnel actually measured by the measuring device, and the wind speed model Natural wind prediction, traffic wind prediction and pollution generation amount prediction using the traffic model and the pollution concentration model A prediction unit to perform, a feedforward control unit for determining a cross-sectional wind speed target value and a ventilation device control target value based on each prediction of the prediction unit, a relationship between the number of parallel operation units and the rotation speed of the ventilation device, and the ventilation An optimal selection plan determination unit that determines an energy saving optimal selection plan that takes into account the relationship between the natural ventilation direction of natural wind and the traffic ventilation direction due to face-to-face traffic when the equipment is forward and reverse, and the cross-sectional wind speed target value and the ventilation equipment control A hybrid adaptive control unit that performs adaptive control in combination with feedback correction for a target value and the energy saving optimum selection plan is provided.
Here, the operation of the jet fan is an inverter drive operation, and the jet fan can be operated continuously with an optimum control amount determined by the hybrid adaptive control unit at a rated power or less.

  With regard to the feedforward control, it is possible to apply the wind speed model and the pollution concentration model, calculate the optimum number of parallel operation units, forward / reverse directions, and rotation speeds of the ventilation devices, and improve the analysis accuracy. In addition, as described above, the parameter estimation uses linearity to reduce the problem of the Kalman filter, and the unknown natural ventilation force (Ur), large vehicle traffic ventilation parameter (AmHeavy), small vehicle traffic ventilation parameter (AmLight), It can be obtained at high speed only by substituting the actual measurement values obtained by the measuring apparatus as the large vehicle pollution occurrence parameter (CoHeavy) and the small vehicle pollution occurrence parameter (CoLight).

Next, cascade control in which a plurality of feedback controls are connected can be performed.
Therefore, in the jet fan control device, the feedback correction of the hybrid adaptive control unit is performed by using the cross-sectional wind speed target value and the cross-sectional wind speed data actually measured by the measurement device to determine the number of parallel operation units, the forward / reverse direction, and the rotational speed of the ventilation devices The number of units of the ventilator that are operated in parallel from the first feedback control for controlling the pollutant gas concentration data and the pollutant gas concentration target value, the fume transmittance data measured by the measuring device and the fume transmittance target value And a second feedback control for controlling the forward and reverse directions and the number of rotations thereof, and the cascade control in which the second feedback loop is formed so as to include the first feedback loop is preferable.

  With the above configuration, with regard to feedback control, the feedback control of the wind direction and wind speed in the tunnel and the feedback control of the pollution concentration in the tunnel are cascade controlled, so that the operation of the jet fan is finely fed back to the wind direction and wind speed that are easily changed. In addition, it is possible to control the operation of the jet fan by cascade control even for pollution concentrations that appear to change slowly compared to the wind direction and wind speed. , Energy saving operation can be realized.

  According to the tunnel ventilation control system of the present invention, the normal value range of the tunnel internal state assumed by the tunnel ventilation model is estimated based on the data measured by the tunnel external input measuring device, and the normal value related to the estimation And a measured value measured by the tunnel internal state measuring device can be compared, and a function for confirming whether or not a defect has occurred due to a temporary change in the measurement environment of the tunnel internal state measuring device can be provided. In addition, accurate feedback control that incorporates problems due to temporary changes in the tunnel's internal state measurement device, hybrid adaptive control that combines feedforward control and feedback control using prediction, and feedback loops are connected. Thus, it is possible to provide a longitudinal ventilation system that enables power saving by advanced jet fan control such as cascading control.

  Embodiments of a tunnel ventilation control system using an inverter-driven jet fan according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, it goes without saying that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific application, shape, number, etc. shown in the following examples.

The tunnel ventilation control system 100 shown in the first embodiment estimates the normal value range of the tunnel internal state assumed by the tunnel ventilation model based on the data measured by the tunnel external input measuring device, and is related to the estimation. Tunnel ventilation control with a function to compare the range of normal values and the actual measurement value measured by the tunnel internal state measurement device, and to check for the occurrence of defects due to temporary changes in the measurement environment of the tunnel internal state measurement device System.
In addition, accurate feedback control that incorporates problems due to temporary changes in the tunnel's internal state measurement device, hybrid adaptive control that combines feedforward control and feedback control using prediction, and feedback loops are connected. Longitudinal ventilation system that enables power saving by advanced jet fan control such as cascading control.

  First, as [1], the configuration of the tunnel ventilation control system 100 of the present invention will be briefly described. Next, as [2], acquisition of actual measurement values of the tunnel internal state will be briefly described, and then [3] ], The acquisition of the estimated value of the tunnel internal state assumed by the tunnel ventilation model based on the data measured by the tunnel external input measuring device will be briefly described. Next, as [4], the jet fan control device Various control processes such as comparison of the actual measurement value of the tunnel internal state and the estimated value of the tunnel internal state at 160 will be described.

[1] Configuration of Tunnel Ventilation Control System 100 of the Present Invention An example of the tunnel ventilation control system of the present invention according to Example 1 will be briefly described.
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the inside of a tunnel.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing components of the tunnel ventilation control system 100 of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the tunnel to which the tunnel ventilation control system 100 of the present invention is applied is a two-way traffic in the tunnel. The tunnel 1 has a natural ventilation force by natural wind Un blown from the outside, a traffic ventilation force by the traffic wind Ut generated by combining the wind pressure generated in the passing direction of each vehicle caused by the resistance of the passing vehicle, a machine by the jet fan 10 Mechanical ventilation by wind Uj is added. As a result of the synthesis of these three ventilation forces and the wall frictional force of the air flowing through the tunnel 1, a wind speed Ur in the tunnel is generated in the tunnel 1.

  In addition, the ventilation apparatus 10 is an apparatus which ventilates the air in the tunnel 1, and is a jet fan operated by inverter drive here. A plurality of units are provided so that they can be operated in parallel. The ventilation apparatus 10 can operate continuously with an optimum control amount below the rated power as will be described later.

  In the configuration example of FIG. 2, the tunnel ventilation control system 100 includes a tunnel external input measurement device 110, a tunnel internal state measurement device 120, a model parameter estimation unit 130, a model storage unit 140, a prediction unit 150, a jet fan. The configuration includes a control device 160 and a feedback correction unit 170.

The tunnel external input measuring device 110 includes various sensors and measuring instruments for measuring and collecting tunnel external input data such as a vehicle entering the tunnel 1 from the outside and natural wind. External information that changes from moment to moment, such as changes in traffic volume, changes in natural wind, etc., is acquired using measured values related to cars and wind entering the tunnel.
In the configuration example of FIG. 1, a traffic volume measuring device (traffic counter: TC) 111 and a fine differential pressure gauge 112 are provided.

  The traffic counter (TC) 111 is a sensor that measures the number and speed of vehicles passing through the tunnel 1, and is installed near the entrance or the exit of the tunnel 1. By installing this traffic counter 111, necessary data regarding the number of vehicles entering and passing through the tunnel 1 can be obtained. In this example, in addition to the number of vehicles, it is also possible to detect the type of large / small traffic vehicle.

  The differential pressure gauge 112 is provided at the entrance and exit of the tunnel, measures a minute pressure difference between the pressure near the tunnel entrance and the pressure near the tunnel exit, and the natural ventilation force as a macro wind generated based on the pressure difference Is derived.

The tunnel external input measuring device 110 outputs the measured traffic volume data and pressure difference data to the jet fan control device 160 as described in “[3] Acquisition of Estimated Value of Tunnel Internal State”.
In addition, the tunnel external input measuring apparatus 110 is configured so that the model parameter estimation unit 130 periodically performs the period during which the system is operating in a normal state, as described in “[3] Acquisition of estimated value of tunnel internal state” described later. When updating the model parameters, the tunnel external input measuring device 110 periodically sends the measured traffic data and pressure difference data to the model parameter estimation unit 130 in order to use the measured traffic data and pressure difference data. It is configured to output.

Next, the tunnel internal state measurement device 120 measures and collects state data in the tunnel, and includes various sensors and measuring instruments for collecting actual measurement data.
In this configuration example, the haze transmittance measuring device (VI measuring device) 121, the carbon monoxide concentration measuring device (CO measuring device) 122, the wind direction anemometer (AV meter) 123 in the tunnel, the nitrogen oxide concentration measuring device (NOx measurement). Instrument) 124, and measures and collects in-tunnel state data including the haze transmittance data in the tunnel 1, the pollutant gas concentration data, the cross-sectional wind velocity data, and the nitrogen oxide concentration data. . Assume that the sensors of the measuring instruments are appropriately arranged in the tunnel 1.
In addition, although not shown in figure, the structure which also mounts a radiation dose measuring device may be sufficient. Due to the recent accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant, there is a possibility that the radiation dose in the dust floating in the tunnel may also become a problem, and control such as increasing the ventilation rate of the tunnel when the radiation dose in the tunnel becomes high This is because it may be required.

Smoke transmittance data measuring instrument (VI measuring instrument) 121 includes a laser irradiation part and a laser light receiving part, and measures the contamination concentration due to dust etc. from the ratio of the laser light transmitted through the air between the laser irradiation part and the laser light receiving part. It is a device to do.
The carbon monoxide concentration data measuring device (CO measuring device) 122 is a device that measures the concentration of carbon monoxide in the tunnel 1.
The tunnel anemometer (AV meter) 123 is installed at a position suitable for measuring the flow of longitudinal ventilation, for example, near the center of the tunnel 1 and near the exit.
The nitrogen oxide concentration meter (NOx measuring device) 124 is a device that measures the concentration of nitrogen oxide in the tunnel 1.

  As will be described later in “[2] Acquisition of measured values of tunnel internal state”, tunnel internal state measuring device 120 measures measured haze transmittance data, carbon monoxide concentration data, nitrogen oxide concentration data, and tunnel wind direction. The wind speed data is output to the jet fan control device 160.

  Further, in this configuration, as described in “[3] Obtaining Estimated Value of Tunnel Internal State”, tunnel internal state measuring apparatus 120 allows model parameter estimation unit 130 to operate during the period when the system is operating in a normal state. It is an algorithm that periodically updates the model parameters. As will be described later, the tunnel internal state measuring device 120 uses the measured fume transmittance data, carbon monoxide concentration data, nitrogen oxide concentration data, and wind speed data in the tunnel. It is configured to periodically output to the model parameter estimation unit 130.

  Next, the model parameter estimation unit 130 receives the tunnel external input data acquired from the tunnel external input measurement device 110 and the tunnel internal state data acquired from the tunnel internal state measurement device 120 as input, and periodically based on these data. This is a part for estimating and updating the parameters of the wind speed model, the traffic model, and the pollution concentration model in the model storage unit 140.

  The parameter estimation processing algorithm in the model parameter estimation unit 130 will be described later. Actual measurement data of the tunnel external input data acquired from the tunnel external input measurement device 110 and actual measurement data of the tunnel internal state data acquired from the tunnel internal state measurement device 120 In the correction of the deviation from the prediction data predicted by the prediction unit 150, the wind speed model in the tunnel and the pollution concentration model in the tunnel are the large vehicle equivalent resistance area P1, the small vehicle equivalent resistance area P2, and the natural wind wind speed P3 as parameters. Parameter estimation can be performed using linearity regarding parameters. If the linearity is used, the parameter can be updated at high speed, and the calculation cost can be reduced.

  The model storage unit 140 includes a “wind speed model” that models the wind flowing in the tunnel 1 based on the specification data of the tunnel 1, a “traffic model” that models vehicle traffic in the tunnel 1, The “contamination concentration model” in which the concentration of the pollutant generated by the vehicle passing through is modeled is stored and stored, and each model is used for the prediction process by the prediction unit 150. If these various models are suitable, various prediction accuracy described later will be high.

  The prediction unit 150 uses natural wind Un prediction, traffic wind Ut prediction, tunnel wind speed Ur prediction, and pollution generation amount prediction using the wind speed model, the traffic model, and the pollution concentration model from the data in the tunnel acquired from the measuring device 110. And a natural wind predicting means 151, a traffic wind predicting means 152, a tunnel wind speed predicting means 153, and a pollution generation amount predicting means 154.

  The natural wind predicting means 151 has a function for predicting natural wind based on various data such as daily amount change, weekly change, monthly change, and yearly change of natural wind outside the tunnel, and a function for predicting the wind direction wind speed generated in the tunnel by the natural wind. , Equipped with a function to predict the natural ventilation force in the tunnel 1 from the wind direction wind speed of the wind blown in the tunnel, a predetermined time has elapsed from the measured data of the wind direction wind speed in the tunnel 1 and the predicted data of the wind direction wind speed generated by the natural wind This is a part for predicting the natural wind Un in the later tunnel.

  The traffic wind prediction means 152 is used in the tunnel 1 based on the traffic volume prediction function based on various data such as daily change, weekly change, monthly change, yearly change of traffic volume, and the equivalent resistance area for each vehicle type. This is a part that has a function of predicting the generated traffic wind and predicts the traffic wind Ut after a predetermined time from the traffic volume measurement data obtained by the traffic counter 111 and the traffic volume prediction function. .

  The wind speed predicting means 153 in the tunnel predicts the wind speed Ur generated in the tunnel 1 based on the natural wind Un prediction in the tunnel, the traffic wind Ut prediction, the mechanical ventilation force Pj due to the operation of the jet fan 10 and the tunnel specifications. It is.

  The pollution generation amount predicting means 154 is a pollution generation amount after a predetermined time has elapsed from the actual traffic volume data measured by the traffic counter 111 and the traffic volume prediction data obtained from the traffic volume prediction function, and the vehicle type pollution generation amount prediction data. This is a part for predicting C (t, x). The amount of contamination depends on the number and speed of existing vehicles in each section of the tunnel.

Next, the jet fan control device 160 is a part that controls the driving of the jet fan 10 that ventilates the inside of the tunnel 1 based on the measurement values of the tunnel external input measurement device 110 and the tunnel internal state measurement device 120 .
Detailed control processing of the jet fan control unit 160 is described in detail in "[4] various control processes in the jet fan control unit 160 ', one of which," abnormality determination processing of the measurement environment of the tunnel internal state measurement apparatus " It is. Compared with the measured data of the tunnel external input measuring device 110 and the estimated value of the state quantity in the tunnel that can be predicted by the tunnel ventilation estimation model in the prediction unit 150, the measured value measured by the tunnel internal state measuring device 120 exceeds the predetermined range. Determine whether or not. If the measured value of the tunnel internal state measuring device 120 exceeds a predetermined range compared to the estimated value of the state quantity in the tunnel, the tunnel internal state measuring device 120 is assumed to have changed. It is determined that the control based on the measurement value is temporarily stopped and the latest control is continued. In other words, when the external input conditions to the tunnel, such as traffic volume and natural wind, change moderately, but the measurement environment of the tunnel internal state measuring device 120 changes, for example, a temporary malfunction occurs, the actual measurement is performed. This is because if the control amount of the jet fan 10 is changed based on the value, the control amount of the jet fan 10 that does not need to be changed is changed. Therefore, the processing based on the measurement value of the tunnel internal state measuring device 120 is resumed after the value of the tunnel internal state measuring device 120 returns to the normal value range.

  The feedback correction unit 170 feeds back the number of jet fans 10 that are operated in parallel, forward and backward directions, and the number of rotations thereof in order to comply with the contamination concentration standard based on various detection data obtained from the tunnel 1 by the tunnel internal state measuring device 120. This is the part that controls.

Here, the feedback correction of the feedback correction unit 170 is the first feedback control for controlling the parallel operation number, the forward / reverse direction, and the rotation speed of the ventilation equipment 10 from the cross-sectional wind speed target value and the cross-section wind speed data actually measured by the measuring device 110. The number of parallel operation units, the forward / reverse direction, and the number of rotations of the ventilation device 10 are controlled from the pollutant gas concentration data and the pollutant gas concentration target value, the fume transmittance data measured by the measuring device 110 and the fume transmittance target value. 2 is provided, and the second feedback loop is the cascade control in which the output of the second feedback loop becomes the input of the first feedback loop.
The above is the configuration of the tunnel ventilation control system 100 of the present invention.

[2] Acquisition of Measured Value of Tunnel Internal State In the present invention, the amount of control for driving the jet fan 10 is normally measured as fume transmittance data or carbon monoxide concentration data measured by the tunnel internal state measurement device 120. the or NOx concentration data and tunnels in wind speed and direction data mainly given to the feedback correction part 170 more jet fan control unit 160.

[3] Acquisition of Estimated Value of Tunnel Internal State Presumed by Tunnel Ventilation Model Based on Data Measured by Tunnel External Input Measuring Device Refer to the control block diagram shown in FIG. It explains in detail.

First, the tunnel ventilation control system 100 of the present invention includes a tunnel wind speed prediction block S1 and a pollution generation amount prediction block S2.
The tunnel wind speed prediction block S1 employs the following high-speed prediction processing method for tunnel wind speed Ur prediction.

ここで、Ａｒはトンネル断面積、Ｌはトンネル長、ρは空気密度、Ｐｒは壁面摩擦力、Ｐｔは交通換気力、Ｐｎは自然換気力、Ｐｊはジェットファン換気力である。
本式を解けばトンネル内の風速を求めることができる。 First, the following [Expression 1] is established from Newton's law.

Here, Ar is the tunnel cross-sectional area, L is the tunnel length, ρ is the air density, Pr is the wall friction force, Pt is the traffic ventilation force, Pn is the natural ventilation force, and Pj is the jet fan ventilation force.
By solving this equation, the wind speed in the tunnel can be obtained.

ここで、Ｕｒはトンネル内風速、Ｃは汚染濃度、Ｄは拡散係数、ｔは時間、ｘは流下方向への距離である。 Next, the contamination generation amount prediction block S2 employs the following high-speed prediction processing method for the contamination generation amount C (t, x) prediction. First, the advection diffusion equation can be written as [Equation 2].

Here, Ur is the wind speed in the tunnel, C is the contamination concentration, D is the diffusion coefficient, t is the time, and x is the distance in the downstream direction.

By solving this equation, the contamination concentration of each part of the tunnel can be obtained.
The above is the prediction processing method of the pollution generation amount C (t, x) generated at the distance x from the tunnel entrance after an arbitrary t seconds of the tunnel ventilation control system 100 of the present invention.

  In the tunnel ventilation control system 100 of the present invention, model parameters are estimated and updated in order to improve the prediction accuracy in the tunnel wind speed prediction block S1 and the pollution generation amount prediction block S2. The tunnel data acquired from various sensors are used as input, and the parameters of the wind speed model, traffic model, and pollution concentration model in the model storage unit 120 are estimated and updated in accordance with changes in the tunnel 1 data.

  In the parameter estimation, the wind speed model in the tunnel is converted into the large vehicle equivalent resistance in correcting the deviation between the actual measurement data obtained by the sensor and the predicted data predicted in the tunnel wind speed prediction block S1, as will be described later. Using the area P1, the small vehicle equivalent resistance area P2, and the natural wind speed P3 as parameters, parameter estimation can be performed using the linearity of each parameter. If the linearity is used, the parameter can be updated at high speed, and the calculation cost can be reduced.

ζｅは入口損失係数、λは壁面摩擦抵抗係数、Ａｍは車両等価抵抗面積、Ｖｔは平均車両速度である。添字の(H)は大型車、(L)は小型車である。 This high-speed parameter estimation process will be described in detail.
Each term on the right side of the above [Equation 1] can be written as shown in [Equation 3].

ζe is the inlet loss coefficient, λ is the wall friction coefficient, Am is the vehicle equivalent resistance area, and Vt is the average vehicle speed. The subscript (H) is for large vehicles and (L) is for small vehicles.

Using this [Equation 3], the [Equation 1] can be summarized as [Equation 4] regarding Am (H), Am (L), and natural wind Un.

  When the large vehicle equivalent resistance area Am (H) is P1, the small vehicle equivalent resistance area Am (L) is P2, and the natural wind speed | Ur | Ur is P3, the equation [4] is expressed by parameters P1, P2, and P3 [ Equation 5] is obtained.

なお、εｄは観測雑音である。 [Expression 5] can be expressed as [Expression 6] with respect to the parameters P1, P2, and P3.

Note that εd is observation noise.

なお、ε１、ε２、ε３は状態雑音である。 Here, since it is considered that the parameters P1, P2, and P3 do not change greatly in a short time, it can be treated that the linearity of [Equation 7] is established.

Note that ε1, ε2, and ε3 are state noises.

  Here, by looking at [Equation 6] as an observation equation and [Equation 7] as a state equation, it can be reduced to the Kalman filter problem of a discrete-time stochastic system, so that estimation of parameters P1, P2, and P3 can be performed at high speed. You can see that it can be done. Parameter estimation can be performed at high speed by estimating parameters P1, P2, and P3 as Kalman filters of a discrete-time stochastic system based on [Formula 6] and [Formula 7].

  Next, in order to increase the prediction accuracy in the pollution generation amount prediction block S2, in correcting the deviation between the actual measurement data collected by the sensor and the prediction data predicted by the pollution generation amount prediction block S2, a large vehicle smoke generation amount P4, Focusing on the fact that the linearity of [Equation 9] is established with respect to P4 and P5 in [Equation 8] in which the small vehicle smoke generation amount P5 is arranged as a parameter, parameters P4 and P5 are used as the Kalman filter problem of the discrete-time stochastic system. Can be estimated. If the linearity is used, the parameter can be updated at high speed, and the calculation cost can be reduced.

なお、εｅは観測雑音である。 This high-speed parameter estimation process will be described in detail.
[Equation 8] can be obtained by arranging [Equation 3] described above for the large vehicle smoke generation amount P4 and the small vehicle smoke generation amount P5.

Note that εe is observation noise.

  Here, since it is considered that the parameters P4 and P5 do not change greatly in a short time, it can be treated that [Equation 9] is satisfied.

なお、ε４，ε５は状態雑音である。

Note that ε4 and ε5 are state noises.

  Here, by looking at [Equation 8] as an observation equation and [Equation 9] as a state equation, it can be reduced to a Kalman filter problem of a linear discrete-time stochastic system, so that estimation of parameters P4 and P5 can be performed at high speed. You can see that it can be done. By estimating the parameters P4 and P5 as the Kalman filter of the discrete-time stochastic system based on the [Equation 8] and [Equation 9], the parameter estimation can be executed at high speed.

Next, returning to FIG. 1, description of other blocks will be continued.
The feed-forward calculation block C0 calculates the forced ventilation volume by the ventilation device 10 and the traffic ventilation volume by the vehicle traffic volume with respect to the reference values of the smoke transmission rate target value (VI *) and the pollutant gas concentration target value (CO *). This is a part for determining the cross-sectional wind speed target value (Ur *) and the ventilation equipment control target value (JF *) in the tunnel in consideration of the natural wind ventilation amount due to the natural wind flowing into the tunnel. That is, feedforward calculation is performed on the target value Ur * of the wind direction and the target value JF * of the jet fan 10 for realizing the VI target value and the CO target value based on the change in traffic volume from the traffic counter. Part. In other words, the amount of pollutant expected to be generated in the tunnel from the traffic volume by vehicle type and the pollutant generated by the vehicle type, and the haze transmittance expected from the data such as the length and cross-sectional area of the tunnel (VI) and carbon monoxide concentration (CO) are calculated, and the wind direction and the amount of wind required to keep these values within the target VI value (VI *) and CO target value (CO *) Calculate and obtain the value as the Ur target value (Ur *). Further, the mechanical ventilation wind Uj by the jet fan 10 required to generate the Ur target value (Ur *) is calculated, the control amount of the jet fan 10 for generating the mechanical ventilation wind Uj is calculated, The value is obtained as a JF target value (JF *).

  Next, cascade control related to two feedback controls in the tunnel ventilation control system 100 of the present invention will be described.

  The wind speed control calculator C1 receives the difference between the VI target value (VI *) and the CO target value (CO *), which are target values, and the measured value VI and the measured value CO that are actually measured in the tunnel. This is a part that controls the number of ventilation devices that are operated in parallel, forward and backward directions, and the number of rotations thereof, and calculates an adjustment value (ΔUr) of the wind direction and air volume. As shown by a dotted line in FIG. 3, a first feedback loop regarding the amount of contamination in the tunnel 1 is formed.

  The ventilation volume control computing unit C2 receives the difference between the UR target value (Ur *) given from the wind speed control computing unit C1 and the measured value Ur actually measured in the tunnel 1 by the AV meter 114, and the ventilation device Are the parts that control the number of parallel operation, the forward and reverse directions, and the rotational speed thereof, and calculate the adjustment value (ΔJF) of the jet fan operation. As shown by the dotted line in FIG. 3, a second feedback loop relating to the air volume in the tunnel 1 is formed.

  The ventilation device operation amount control block A receives the ventilation device control target value (JF *) determined by the feedforward calculator C0 and the adjustment value (ΔJF) of the jet fan operation determined by the ventilation amount control calculator C2. Thus, the operation of the jet fan 10 is actually controlled.

  The air volume process 201 in the tunnel represents a system related to the tunnel wind of the actual tunnel 1 as a block, and is summarized as mechanical wind and disturbance generated by forced ventilation force driven by a jet fan as a ventilation device as input. The disturbance includes natural wind blown into the tunnel 1 and traffic wind generated by a vehicle passing through the tunnel. The output is the wind direction wind speed Ur actually generated in the tunnel.

  The tunnel contamination process 202 represents the system related to the tunnel contamination of the actual tunnel 1 as a block, and is summarized as a disturbance exhaust and disturbance caused by the wind direction wind speed UR as an input. There are exhaust by natural wind blown into the tunnel 1 and exhaust by traffic wind generated by a vehicle passing through the tunnel. The output is the haze transmission rate (VI) and the carbon monoxide concentration (CO) indicating the generation of the pollutants actually generated in the tunnel.

  The jet fan 10 in the tunnel is a device that ventilates the air in the tunnel 1. Here, the jet fan 10 is a jet fan that is driven by an inverter, and there are a plurality of jet fans that can be operated in parallel. .

  As shown in FIG. 3, the tunnel ventilation control system 100 of the present invention has cascade control in which the output of the second feedback loop becomes the input of the first feedback loop.

  Considering the air volume and the amount of pollution as physical phenomena in the tunnel, the change in the air volume changes quickly and finely. On the other hand, the amount of pollution is due to insufficient ventilation or increased ventilation with the change in air volume. The tunnel as a whole fluctuates slowly and greatly, and the amount of pollution in the tunnel is a physical quantity with a large time constant compared to the air volume. In other words, the air volume is easy to operate directly and finely by the operation control of the jet fan, but the contamination amount is operated not indirectly but directly by the operation control of the jet fan. However, since the standard that should be truly observed is given as the target value of the haze transmittance (VI *) and the target value of the carbon monoxide concentration (CO *), it is necessary to control the amount of contamination with attention.

  Therefore, in the tunnel ventilation control system 100 of the present invention, the feedback control of the wind direction and wind speed in the tunnel and the feedback control of the pollution amount in the tunnel are cascade-controlled, so that the jet fan can be controlled against the wind direction and wind speed that are easily changed. The operation can be finely feedback-controlled, and the feedback control can be performed by using the cascade control for the amount of contamination that changes with the change of wind direction and wind speed. As a whole, it can reduce the number of cases of excessive ventilation and insufficient ventilation, and energy saving operation can be realized.

In the tunnel ventilation control system 100 of the present invention, energy saving operation is realized by reducing the cases of excessive ventilation and insufficient ventilation as a whole by finely adjusting the wind direction and air flow. High synergistic effect can be obtained by driving operation. In other words, if the inverter driving operation is used, it is possible to quickly control by the rated current such as forward / reverse / reverse driving of the jet fan drive or change of the rotational speed, and an effect of power saving can be obtained. On the other hand, in the conventional jet fan operation with the induction motor, there is an operation protection interval time, and the jet fan once stopped cannot be operated for 10 minutes, but if the inverter control operation is assumed as described above, the rotation speed is Since it can be freely set from 0 to the maximum frequency, the ventilation force can be arbitrarily set from 0 to the maximum value, and the merit that the ideal wind direction and air volume control can be controlled with fine accuracy can be obtained.
The above is an example of the prediction process in the tunnel ventilation control system 100 of the present invention.

[4] Various control processes in the jet fan control device 160 The smoke transmittance data measuring device (VI measuring device) 121, the carbon monoxide concentration data measuring device (CO measuring device) 122 of the tunnel internal state measuring device 120, the inside of the tunnel Assuming a case where an abnormality occurs in the measurement environment in one or more of the wind direction anemometer (AV meter) 123 and the nitrogen oxide concentration data (NOx measuring device) 124 and the measurement data is separated from the normal value. To do.

[4-1] in the jet fan control unit 160 will be described abnormality determination processing jet fan control device or temporary abnormality occurs in the measurement environment of the tunnel internal state measurement device 120 definitive 160 determination processing of the measurement environment. FIG. 4 is a flowchart simply showing the flow of the measurement environment abnormality occurrence determination process.

First, the jet fan control device 160 sends the fume transmittance data, the carbon monoxide concentration data, the nitrogen oxide concentration from the tunnel internal state measuring device 120 (VI measuring device 121, CO measuring device 122, AV meter 123, NOx meter 124). Acquire measured values of data and wind speed data in the tunnel. In addition, the wind direction wind speed prediction (natural wind prediction, traffic wind prediction) in the tunnel and the prediction of the amount of pollution generated (fumes permeability prediction, carbon monoxide concentration prediction, nitrogen oxide concentration prediction) are acquired from the prediction unit 150 (FIG. 4). Step S1).
In addition, when controlling also about a radiation dose, the actual value of a radiation dose is acquired from the tunnel internal state measurement apparatus 120, and a radiation dose prediction is acquired from the estimation part 150. FIG.

  Various predictions of the prediction unit 150 take into account external input conditions for the tunnel, such as traffic data acquired from the traffic counter 111 of the tunnel external input measurement device 110 and natural wind data acquired from the microbarometer 112, as described above. It has become a prediction.

Then, the jet fan controller 160, a predicted measured value fumes transmittance and the concentration of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide concentrations and tunnel Wind value is found in consideration of the external input conditions for the tunnel by the prediction unit 150 compares Then, it is checked whether or not the difference is within a predetermined range (step S2 in FIG. 4).

  In general, the reason for checking whether the difference is within a predetermined range (normal range) is generally the actual haze transmittance, carbon monoxide concentration, nitrogen oxide concentration, and wind direction wind speed value in the tunnel. It is not usual for the temperature of the tunnel to change abruptly, such as when a fire has occurred in the tunnel, the climate outside the tunnel has changed dramatically, or a watering truck for cleaning has passed. It can be assumed that any one or a plurality of measurement environments of the measuring instrument of the device 120 has changed, or that the measuring instrument of the tunnel internal state measuring device 120 has failed. First, it is because whether or not such a special situation has occurred can be determined by whether or not the difference between the measured value and the predicted value has suddenly occurred.

If, in step S2, the difference of the measured values and the predicted values if within a predetermined range (Fig. 4 step S2: Y), the jet fan control unit 160, VI instrument 121, CO meter 122, AV meter 123 , that there is no particular accident in the measurement environment in NOx meter 124, it is assumed that these measured data are reliable, for the or until the feedback correction unit 170, VI instrument 121, CO meter 122, AV meter 123, A feedback control amount based on actual measurement data from the NOx meter 124 is output (step S3 in FIG. 4).
Here, to what extent the difference between the measured value and the predicted value is treated as being within the normal range can be freely set by operating the system. For example, an upper limit threshold and a lower limit threshold are provided for the predicted value. In other words, it can be determined whether or not the actually measured value is within the upper threshold and the lower threshold.

  The upper and lower thresholds can be set freely. For example, a threshold of ± 5% for the predicted value or a threshold based on an absolute amount such as predicted wind speed value ± Xm or predicted carbon monoxide concentration ± Xppm for the predicted value Or a so-called 3 sigma range. The probability that the observed value of a random variable that follows the normal distribution of mean μ and standard deviation σ is about ± 8 sigma from the mean value μ is about 0.68, and the probability of entering the 2-sigma section is about 0.95. The probability of entering the section is said to be about 0.997.

  Next, in this example, in order to update the prediction model according to the state quantity in the latest tunnel, the model parameter estimation unit 130 updates the latest wind speed model, traffic model, and pollution concentration model stored in the model storage unit 140. The parameter is estimated and updated according to the state quantity in the tunnel (step S4 in FIG. 4).

Returning to step S1 again, jet fan control unit 160 continues the jet fan control. The loop of step S1-step S2 (Y) -step S3-step S4-step S1 is continued as normal operation without causing a sharp difference between the actual measurement value and the predicted value.

If the difference between the measured value and the predicted value is not within the predetermined range in step S2 (FIG. 4, step S2: N), the jet fan control device 160 includes the VI measuring instrument 121, the CO measuring instrument 122, Assuming that the measurement environment in the AV meter 123 and the NOx meter 124 has changed, processing for an abnormality is started.

6, actual measurement value and the predicted value of the wind speed (Av) which definitive jet fan control unit 160 is a diagram briefly showing a comparison of measured and predicted values in the carbon monoxide concentration (CO). In FIG. 6, the upper and lower limit threshold values are, for example, so-called 3-sigma values, and the upper limit value and the lower limit value are indicated by dotted lines.
In FIG. 6, the difference is within a predetermined range until time t1, but at time t1, both the wind speed (Av) and the smoke transmission rate (VI) change rapidly, exceeding the upper limit or lower limit threshold. It has been. Until this time t1, “Y” is obtained in step S2, but step S2 becomes “N” at time t1.

Returning to FIG. 4, the description of the flow will be continued.
Next, the jet fan control device 160 checks the elapsed time since the difference between the actually measured value and the predicted value starts to show abnormality (step S5), and if it is within a predetermined elapsed time range (step S5: Y), step S6. If the predetermined elapsed time range is exceeded (step S5: N), the process proceeds to step S7.
The reason for checking this predetermined elapsed time is that a sudden change in the measured value that occurs in any of the measuring devices of the tunnel internal state measuring device 120 is caused by the circumstances of the fire in the tunnel and the climate outside the tunnel. Tunnel internal state measuring device 120 such as a situation such as a change or a continuous (permanent) circumstance such as a failure of the measuring instrument itself of the tunnel internal state measuring device 120 or a cleaning water truck passing. This is in order to determine whether or not any one or more of the measuring instruments is a temporary situation in which the measurement environment has changed. If the situation is continuous (permanent), the elapsed time after the difference between the measured value and the predicted value starts to show anomaly will continue for a long time, but if the situation is temporary, the difference between the measured value and the predicted value will be abnormal. This is because the measured value returns to the original value within a reasonable time after starting to show the difference.

The predetermined elapsed time can be freely set by operating the system, for example, 1 minute, 3 minutes, 10 minutes, and the like.
The reason for the occurrence of anomalies due to temporary factors in the measurement environment is that, for example, when a water truck passes to clean the tunnel, a large amount of water splashes into the tunnel, and the water splashes are measured inside the tunnel. In some cases, the tunnel internal state measuring device temporarily shows an abnormal value. In addition, for example, automobiles run with lights on in the tunnel, and abnormal light reflections occur in the tunnel due to the uneven angle of the vehicle in front and special paint, etc., temporarily inside the tunnel The measuring device may show an abnormal value. In addition, for example, a specific vehicle traveling in a tunnel travels with particularly exhaust gas containing a large amount of smoke, or the loaded cargo contains powder such as flour or cement powder, Due to circumstances such as accidentally leaking from the loading platform, the amount of smoke and powder floating in the vicinity of the tunnel internal state measurement device increases, and as a result, the tunnel internal state measurement device temporarily shows an abnormal value There are cases.

Returning to the description of the processing in FIG.
If the elapsed time is within the predetermined time (step S5: Y in FIG. 4) , even if there is a sudden change in the measured value due to continuous (constant) circumstances, the sudden measured value due to a temporary abnormality in the measurement environment The jet fan control device 160 temporarily stops the feedback control based on the measurement value of the tunnel internal state measurement device 120 and keeps the control amount of the jet fan the most recent control amount before the abnormality occurs (Step S6 in FIG. 4).

  If there is a sudden change in measured values due to the occurrence of a fire, it is necessary to switch jet fan control in a timely manner without waiting for a predetermined time.

Returning to step S1 again, jet fan control unit 160 continues the jet fan control. The loop of step S1-step S2 (N) -step S5 (Y) -step S6-step S1 is continued for a while until the difference between the actual measurement value and the predicted value falls within a predetermined range.

If the elapsed time is eliminated within the predetermined time, the difference between the actual measurement value and the predicted value is within the predetermined range in step S2 in FIG. 4, and the process proceeds to step S1 through step S3 and step S4 in FIG. It returns and does not return to this step S5.
In this way, even when the measured value of the tunnel internal state measuring device temporarily changes suddenly due to circumstances that do not need to switch the operation of the jet fan drive, such as the passing of a watering vehicle or the reflection of light from an oncoming vehicle, The feedback control is not applied as it is, and normal operation can be continued until it is determined whether or not a sudden change in the measured value is caused by a temporary change in the measurement environment.

Next, if the elapsed time has passed a predetermined time (step S5: N in FIG. 4), the jet fan control device 160 determines that there is a possibility of a sudden change in measured value due to continuous (constant) circumstances. . That is, it is determined that it is necessary to start feedback control based on the measurement value of the tunnel internal state measuring device 120 (step S7 in FIG. 4), and the jet fan control device 160 proceeds to processing corresponding to a continuous (constant) situation. .

[4-2] Processing by the jet fan control device 160 corresponding to continuous (constant) circumstances As described above, when the predetermined time has passed (N in FIG. 4), the jet fan control device 160. Although it is determined that the possibility of abrupt change in the measured value due to continuous (constant) circumstances, the continuous (constant) circumstances, is characterized in the manner of change in the measured value.

First of all, it is considered that a permanent failure of the tunnel internal state measuring device 120 itself occurs. For example, the sensor portion may be deteriorated or a foreign matter may be clogged in the sensor portion, thereby causing a malfunction that cannot be normally performed. However, since there is a low probability that a plurality of sensors installed at a plurality of locations will fail at the same time, for example, it is determined that the measured value is abnormal in any one of the tunnel internal state measuring devices 120 arranged at one location. If it is (step S7-1: Y), the jet fan control device 160 can estimate that a failure has occurred in the tunnel internal state measurement device 120 itself. On the other hand, when fog has entered and generated in the tunnel 1, the smoke transmittance data in the smoke transmittance measuring device in the tunnel 1 increases rapidly, but other measured values are considered not to change much. . Therefore, the jet fan control unit 160 checks whether or not only the fume transmittance data in the fume transmittance measuring instrument in the tunnel 1 continues beyond a predetermined range (step S7-2).

If only the haze transmittance data measured by the haze transmittance measuring instrument shows an abnormal value (step S7-2: Y), the jet fan control device 160 may cause a sudden change in the haze transmittance data due to fog generation. It is assumed that there is a jet fan control at the time of occurrence of fog, or that the smoke transmittance measuring device is estimated to have failed, and processing such as notifying the system of a sensor failure alarm is performed (step) S7-3).

If only one data other than the smoke transmittance data measured by the smoke transmittance measuring device indicates an abnormality, the jet fan control device 160 indicates that the tunnel internal state measuring device 120 that measures the data has failed. Processing such as estimation and notification of a sensor failure alarm to the system side is performed (step S7-4).

  The next conceivable case is a case where a failure has not occurred in the tunnel internal state measuring device 120 itself, but a failure has occurred on the tunnel external input measuring device 110 side such as the traffic counter 111. In this case, although the actual measurement value by the tunnel internal state measurement device 120 does not change much, the prediction value of the prediction unit 150 changes more greatly, and as a result, the difference between the two becomes abruptly large.

Therefore, the jet fan control unit 160, if the haze transmittance data in the tunnel, contaminated gas concentration data, none of the wind speed data continues beyond a predetermined range (step S7-5: Y), the cause tunnel external It is determined that a permanent failure has occurred in the input measuring device 110 (step S7-6).
If it is determined in step S7-3 that a failure has occurred in the smoke transmittance measuring device, if it is determined in step S7-4 that the corresponding tunnel internal state measuring device 120 has failed, or if the tunnel is determined in step S7-6. If it is determined that a constant failure has occurred in the external input measuring device 110, the jet fan control device 160 returns to step S6 in FIG. 4 (step S8) .

  As described above, according to the tunnel ventilation control system 100 of the present invention, the accurate feedback control incorporating the trouble due to the temporary change of the measurement environment of the tunnel internal state measuring device, and the feedforward control using the prediction and the feedback control are combined. It is possible to provide a longitudinal ventilation system that enables power saving by advanced jet fan control such as hybrid adaptive control and cascaded control with a feedback loop.

  In the configuration of the first embodiment, feedback correction control is the main configuration during normal operation. However, in the tunnel ventilation control system 100a of the second embodiment, feedforward control based on the predicted value of the prediction unit 150, natural wind, Example of a hybrid adaptive control that incorporates an energy-saving optimal selection plan that takes into account the relationship between the natural ventilation direction and traffic ventilation direction due to face-to-face traffic, and also performs adaptive control that combines feedback correction and the energy-saving optimal selection plan It is.

FIG. 7 is a diagram simply illustrating a configuration example of the tunnel ventilation control system 100a according to the second embodiment.
Since the configuration from the tunnel external input measuring device 110 to the feedback correction unit 170 is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted here.
The feedforward control unit 180 is a part that determines the cross-sectional wind speed target value and the ventilation equipment control target value based on various predictions of the prediction unit 150.

  The optimum selection plan determination unit 185 uses the prediction of the wind speed Ur in the tunnel and the prediction of the pollution generation amount C (t, x) by the prediction unit 150, and corrects the number of jet fans 10 to be operated in parallel to comply with the contamination concentration standard. It is the part that decides the energy saving optimum selection plan including the reverse direction and its rotation speed.

  The hybrid adaptive control unit 190 is a part that performs hybrid type adaptive control that combines the feedback correction by the feedback correction unit 170 and the energy-saving optimal selection plan determined by the optimal selection plan determination unit 185, and is the optimum for the jet fan 10. Determine the control amount. The number of jet fans 10 in parallel operation, the forward / reverse direction, and the rotational speed thereof may be calculated by calculating using an appropriate algorithm.

  As described above, the tunnel ventilation control system 100a of the present invention controls the operation of the jet fan 1 with a hybrid optimal control amount that combines feedback correction based on various predictions and an energy saving optimal selection plan.

  The operation of the jet fan 10 is an inverter drive operation, and the jet fan 10 can be continuously operated with an optimum control amount determined by the hybrid adaptive control unit 190 at a rated power or less.

Here, the feedback correction of the hybrid adaptive control unit 190 can be a cascade control of two feedback controls.
The hybrid adaptive control unit 190 includes a first feedback control for controlling the number of parallel operation units, the forward and reverse directions, and the number of rotations of the ventilation devices from the cross-sectional wind speed target value and the cross-sectional wind speed data actually measured by the measuring device, and the pollutant gas. A second feedback control is provided for controlling the parallel operation number, the forward / reverse direction, and the rotation speed of the ventilation equipment from the concentration data and the pollutant gas concentration target value, and the smoke transmittance data and the smoke transmittance target value actually measured by the measuring device. The cascade control is such that the second feedback loop is formed so as to include the first feedback loop.

  The above is the operation of each component in the configuration example of the tunnel ventilation control system 100 of the present invention.

As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment of this invention has been illustrated and demonstrated, it can apply widely toward a tunnel ventilation control system.
It will be understood that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the technical scope of the present invention is limited only by the description of the appended claims.

It is the figure which showed the mode in the tunnel typically. It is the block diagram which showed the structure of the tunnel ventilation control system 100 of this invention. It is a control block diagram of the tunnel ventilation control system 100 of this invention. 6 is a flowchart (No. 1) briefly showing a flow of measurement environment abnormality occurrence determination processing in the jet fan control device 160; 7 is a flowchart (No. 2) briefly showing a flow of measurement environment abnormality occurrence determination processing in the jet fan control device 160; It is a figure which shows simply the comparison of the actual value and predicted value in the wind speed (Av) in the jet fan control apparatus 160, and the actual value and predicted value in a carbon monoxide density | concentration (CO). It is a figure which shows simply the structural example of the tunnel ventilation control system 100a of Example 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows the two-way traffic road tunnel of the longitudinal flow ventilation system using the conventional general jet fan.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Tunnel ventilation control system 110 Tunnel external input measuring device 111 Traffic counter 112 Microbarometer 120 Tunnel internal state measuring device 121 Smoke permeability measuring device (VI measuring device)
122 Carbon monoxide concentration meter (CO meter)
123 Wind direction anemometer (AV meter) in tunnel
124 Nitrogen oxide concentration meter (NOx meter)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 130 Model parameter estimation part 140 Model memory | storage part 150 Prediction part 160 Jet fan control apparatus 170 Feedback correction | amendment part 180 Feedforward control part 185 Optimal selection plan determination part 190 Hybrid adaptive control part

Claims (7)

A tunnel external input measuring device that is installed in or near the tunnel and that measures and collects the tunnel external input data such as vehicles and natural winds entering the tunnel from the outside,
It is installed in the tunnel, and includes at least a fume permeability meter, a carbon monoxide concentration meter, a cross-section anemometer, and a nitrogen oxide concentration meter that measures the nitrogen oxide concentration value, and measures state data in the tunnel -Tunnel internal state measuring device to collect,
A prediction unit that predicts natural wind, traffic wind, and pollution generation amount in the tunnel based on the measurement value of the tunnel external input measurement device,
A jet fan control device that controls the driving of a jet fan that ventilates the inside of the tunnel based on the measurement value of the tunnel internal state measurement device and the prediction value of the prediction unit,
The jet fan control device
While receiving the measurement value of the tunnel internal state measurement device, the natural wind in the tunnel, the traffic wind, the amount of pollution generated by the prediction unit predicted by the measurement value of the tunnel external input measurement device and a tunnel ventilation estimation model If the measurement value actually measured by the tunnel internal state measurement apparatus as compared with the predicted value does not exceed the predetermined range, based on the received measured values, and controls the driving of the jet fan, the measured values When the predetermined range is exceeded, the control based on the measurement value of the normal tunnel internal state measurement device is temporarily stopped until the predetermined elapsed time has elapsed, and the most recent control is continued, and the tunnel internal state measurement device Ventilation control for resuming control based on the measurement value of the normal tunnel internal state measurement device after the measurement value returns to the predetermined range. There,
After the predetermined elapsed time has passed, if only the measured value of the haze permeability meter does not return within the predetermined range, it is assumed that it is caused by fog, and other than the measured value of the haze permeability meter When the measured value does not return to the predetermined range, a tunnel ventilation control system is provided that performs a process of determining that a failure has occurred in the tunnel internal state measuring device related to measurement of the measured value . When the measured values of all the tunnel internal state measuring devices continue to exceed the predetermined range after the predetermined elapsed time has elapsed , the jet fan control device has a permanent failure of the tunnel external input measuring device. The tunnel ventilation control system according to claim 1, wherein a process for determining that it has occurred is performed . 3. The tunnel ventilation control system according to claim 1, wherein the tunnel external input measuring device includes at least a traffic measuring device that measures and collects a vehicle traffic entering the tunnel. The tunnel ventilation control system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the tunnel external input measuring device includes a microbarometer that is provided at an entrance of the tunnel and estimates a natural wind blown into the tunnel due to a pressure difference. . The jet fan control device relates to the tunnel ventilation estimation model,
A wind speed model that models the wind flowing in the tunnel, a traffic model that models vehicle traffic in the tunnel, and a pollution concentration model that models the concentration of contaminants generated by vehicles passing through the tunnel. A model storage unit for holding and storing;
The model parameter that uses the data in the tunnel acquired from the measuring device as an input, and estimates and updates the parameters of the wind speed model, the traffic model, and the contamination concentration model in the model storage unit according to the change in the data in the tunnel An estimation unit;
Smoke permeability target value, pollutant gas concentration target value, the measured value measured by the tunnel internal state measuring device, natural wind prediction and traffic wind prediction using the wind speed model, the traffic model, and the pollution concentration model, A prediction unit for predicting the amount of pollution generated;
Based on each prediction of the prediction unit, a feedforward control unit that determines a cross-sectional wind speed target value and a ventilation equipment control target value;
An optimum selection plan determination unit that determines an energy-saving optimum selection plan that takes into account the relationship between the number of parallel operation units and the number of rotations of the ventilation devices and the relationship between the natural ventilation direction of natural wind and the traffic ventilation direction due to face-to-face traffic;
A feedback correction for the ventilator control target value and the cross wind target value, any of the energy saving optimal choice for planning and combined adaptive control is characterized in that a hybrid adaptive controller according to claim 1 to 4 The tunnel ventilation control system according to claim 1. The tunnel ventilation control system according to claim 5 , wherein the operation of the jet fan is an inverter drive operation, and the jet fan can be continuously operated with an optimum control amount determined by the hybrid adaptive control unit at a rated power or less. A feedback correction of the hybrid adaptive control unit is configured to control a parallel operation number, forward / reverse direction, and rotation speed of the ventilation devices from the cross-sectional wind speed target value and the cross-section wind speed data actually measured by the tunnel internal state measurement device. and feedback control of, and the haze transmittance target value and the contaminant gas density target value, the parallel of the ventilator from the measured value of the measurement values and the pollution gas concentration of the said fumes transmittance tunnel internal state measuring device is measured A cascade control in which the second feedback loop is provided so as to include the first feedback loop, the second feedback control for controlling the number of operating units, the forward / reverse direction, and the rotational speed thereof; The tunnel ventilation control system according to claim 6 .

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