JP6138544B2 - Differential case processing machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a processing machine for a differential case (differential gear case), and more particularly to a processing machine for a differential case that processes shaft holes, knock holes, both spherical surfaces, both end faces, side gear holes, and the like of the differential case.

  Conventionally, various processing machines for processing an inner surface of a differential case are known. For example, in the inner surface processing machine described in Patent Document 1 below, machining centers are arranged on both sides of a processing table. The right machining center includes a right unit, and the left machining center includes a left unit. Each unit moves in the left-right direction by the movement of the table, moves in the front-rear direction by the action of the drive motor, and moves in the up-down direction by the action of another drive motor. According to this configuration, since each machining center moves in the left-right, front-back, and up-down directions, the versatility of workpiece machining is enhanced, and various parts of the workpiece can be machined.

JP-A-11-165211

  However, as described above, the machining center has a complicated and expensive mechanism instead of being versatile. When using a pair of left and right machining centers as in Patent Document 1, the cost further increases. In addition, since the machining center has a complicated and large mechanism, there may be a problem of thermal deformation at high temperatures and a decrease in processing accuracy due to a decrease in the positioning accuracy of the ball screw due to heat. there were.

  An object of the present invention is to solve the conventional problems as described above, and to provide a differential case processing machine that has a simple structure but is versatile and excellent in stability of processing accuracy.

In order to achieve the above object, a differential case processing machine according to the present invention includes a shuttle unit for placing a workpiece and moving the workpiece, a pair of left and right processing units disposed so as to sandwich the workpiece, and a vertical direction. and inner surface machining cutting tool changer to slide, and a said automatic tool changer for exchanging the tool attached to the processing unit device, the workpiece is a differential case which support Idogia hole is formed, the pair of left and right processing unit sliding mechanisms Is exclusively for sliding in the left-right direction, and the shuttle unit includes a shuttle table and an index table as a work mounting portion, the index table is rotatable, and the shuttle table slides in the front-rear direction. are possible, the side respectively mounted to the tool before Symbol pair of processing units Wherein the processing of the A hole is possible.

  In the differential case processing machine according to the present invention, the processing unit is dedicated to sliding in the left-right direction, and movement in the front-rear direction and the rotational direction is shared by the shuttle unit. That is, the machining unit is configured to move in the front-rear direction relative to the workpiece and relatively rotate. For this reason, even if the slide mechanism of the machining unit is dedicated to uniaxial slide in the left-right direction, versatility is not impaired and different parts of the workpiece can be machined. Therefore, the structure of the machining unit is simplified and an increase in size can be prevented, which is advantageous in terms of cost, and heat deformation is less likely to occur, and the machining accuracy is stabilized without taking special measures against heat deformation.

  In the differential case processing machine of the present invention, it is preferable that the shuttle unit is further slidable in the vertical direction. According to this configuration, the versatility of processing can be enhanced and the configuration of the processing unit can be maintained, so that the processing unit has a simple structure and the effect of stabilizing the processing accuracy is maintained.

  The inner surface processing blade exchanging device preferably includes a plurality of cutter support shafts to which cutters are attached, and the type of cutter facing the workpiece can be changed by rotating a main body to which the cutter support shafts are fixed. . According to this configuration, it becomes easy to automate the cutter switching when processing the inner surface of the different shaped portions.

  According to the present invention, even if the slide mechanism of the processing unit is dedicated to uniaxial sliding in the left-right direction, versatility is not impaired, and processing of different parts of the workpiece is possible. Therefore, the structure of the machining unit is simplified and an increase in size can be prevented, which is advantageous in terms of cost, and heat deformation is less likely to occur, and the machining accuracy is stabilized without taking special measures against heat deformation.

The front view of the processing machine which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. The top view of the processing machine shown in FIG. The perspective view which shows the state just before processing the shaft hole of the both sides of the cylindrical part of a workpiece | work in one Embodiment of this invention. The perspective view which shows the state in process of the shaft hole of the both sides of the cylindrical part of a workpiece | work in one Embodiment of this invention. The perspective view which shows the state just before the spherical surface processing of the workpiece | work inner surface in one Embodiment of this invention. In one Embodiment of this invention, the top view which shows the state in which the tool was attached to the cutter within the workpiece | work. The top view which shows the state in one Embodiment of this invention during the spherical surface process of the workpiece | work inner surface. The top view which shows the state which a pair of process unit evacuated from the shuttle unit in one Embodiment of this invention. The top view which shows the state which rotated the index table from the state of FIG. The top view which shows the state just before processing the new site | part of a workpiece | work in one Embodiment of this invention. The perspective view which shows the state just before the end surface process of the workpiece | work inner surface in one Embodiment of this invention. In one Embodiment of this invention, the top view which shows the state in which the tool was attached to the cutter within the workpiece | work. In one Embodiment of this invention, the top view which shows the state in process of the end surface of a workpiece | work inner surface. The front view which shows the vicinity of the process unit in the processing machine which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view of a processing machine 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a plan view of the processing machine 1 shown in FIG. The processing machine 1 is a processing machine for processing a differential case that is a case for incorporating a differential transmission mechanism. The processing by the processing machine 1 is, for example, processing of the shaft hole, knock hole, both spherical surfaces, both end surfaces, side gear holes, and the like of the differential case.

  First, the configuration of the processing machine 1 will be schematically described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. In FIG. 1, a head 3 is disposed on a base 2. On the head 3, a machining unit 4, a shuttle unit 6, an ATC (automatic tool changer) 7, and an inner surface cutting tool changer 8 are mounted. On the shuttle unit 6, a jig 5 for holding the workpiece 10 is mounted.

  The processing units 4 are a pair of left and right, and are disposed so as to sandwich the workpiece 10. A tool 11 is attached to the tip of the processing unit 4. In the present embodiment, the tool 11 is properly used according to the processing site. The tool 11 is a general term for these tools, and the individual tools are called tools 11a, 11b and the like. The tool 11 to be mounted on the machining unit 4 is automatically replaced with a necessary tool 11 by the ATC 7. The tool 11 is used for machining the workpiece 10, but is also used for rotating the cutter 33 or the cutter 34 of the inner surface machining blade exchanging device 8.

  The processing unit 4 includes a housing 12, a tool driving motor 13, and a sliding motor 14. The driving force of the tool driving motor 13 is transmitted to a driving force transmission mechanism (not shown), and the tool 11 rotates. The driving force of the slide motor 14 is transmitted to a ball screw mechanism (not shown). As a result, the machining unit 4 reciprocates by sliding in the X-axis direction (left-right direction). More specifically, the slide body 15 integrated with the processing unit 4 slides along the guide rail 16. The slide mechanism of the processing unit 4 is dedicated to one axis in the X-axis direction, and no slide mechanism is provided in the Y-axis direction (front-rear direction) and the Z-axis direction (height direction). According to this configuration, as will be described later, the structure is simplified, it is advantageous for preventing thermal deformation, and the processing accuracy is stabilized.

  The shuttle unit 6 includes a shuttle table 20 and an index table 21. The shuttle table 20 slides in the Y-axis direction (front-rear direction) and reciprocates, and the index table 21 rotates around the central axis extending in the Z-axis direction. The index table 21 is a part on which the workpiece 10 is mounted. The jig 5 is mounted on the index table 21, and the workpiece 10 is held on the jig 5. Thus, the workpiece 10 can be moved in the Y-axis direction according to the machining position, and can be rotated around the central axis.

  The ATC 7 includes a rotating disk 25, and a plurality of tools 11 are detachably attached to the rotating disk 25. The ATC 7 can be moved up and down with the lifting body 26 guided by the guide shaft 27. When the tool 11 is exchanged, the elevating body 26 is lowered, and the tool 11 attached to the tip of the machining unit 4 and the tool 11 attached to the rotary disk 25 of the ATC 7 are exchanged.

  In the inner surface processing blade exchanging device 8, a main body 31 is attached to an elevating body 30, and a cutter support shaft 32 is fixed to the main body 31. A cutter 33 (blade) is detachably attached to the tip of the cutter support shaft 32. Further, a cutter support shaft different from the cutter support shaft 32 is fixed to the main body 31, and a cutter 34 (cutting tool) is attached to the cutter support shaft. By rotating the main body 31, the type of cutter facing the workpiece 10 can be changed. As will be described later in detail, the inner surface of the workpiece 10 is processed by using the cutter 33 and the cutter 34 properly. The elevating body 30 can be moved up and down by being guided by the guide shaft 34. When processing by the cutter 33 or the cutter 34 is performed, the elevating body 30 is lowered until the cutter 33 or the cutter 34 enters the inside of the workpiece 10.

  Hereinafter, the processing of the workpiece 10 by the processing machine 1 will be specifically described. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which a pair of shaft holes 41 penetrating both sides of the cylindrical portion 40 of the workpiece 10 are processed. The workpiece 10 is a differential case and is placed on the jig 5. Although not shown, the jig 5 is provided with a presser for pressing the work 10 from above, and the work 10 is fixed to the jig 5. A machining tool 11a for machining the shaft hole 41 is mounted on the machining unit 4 in advance by the ATC 7 (FIG. 1). The processing unit 4 slides in the X-axis direction (arrow a direction) from the state of FIG. 3 toward the shaft hole 41.

  FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state in which the shaft hole 41 is being processed. In the state of this figure, the inner peripheral surface of the shaft hole 41 is machined by the rotation of the tool 11a. When this processing is finished, the processing unit 4 slides in the X-axis direction toward the original position, and the processing unit 4 retracts from the shuttle unit 6.

  Next, the inner surface machining of the workpiece 10 will be described. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state immediately before the spherical surface machining is started in the inner surface machining of the workpiece 10. On the upper side of the workpiece 10, the cutter 33 is lowered together with the cutter support shaft 32. From this state, the cutter 33 further descends and enters the inside of the workpiece 10. The machining unit 4 is mounted with a spherical machining tool 11b in advance by the ATC 7 (FIG. 1).

  FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a state in which the cutter 33 has entered the inside of the workpiece 10. For convenience of explanation, the workpiece 10 is shown in a cross-sectional state. In FIG. 6, the tip of the tool 11b is inserted into both sides of the cutter 33, and the cutter 33 is sandwiched between the tools 11b. Since the cutter 33 is detachably attached to the cutter support shaft 32, the cutter support shaft 32 is lifted away from the cutter 33 in the state of FIG. From this state, the pair of processing units 4 slides in the X-axis direction (arrow b direction), and one surface of the cutter 33 comes into contact with one spherical surface 42 of the workpiece 10.

  FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a state during spherical processing by the cutter 33. The cutter 33 has moved in the arrow b direction from the state of FIG. 6, and the cutter 33 is in contact with one spherical surface 42 of the workpiece 10. In this state, the cutter 33 rotates integrally with the tool 11b to process the spherical surface 42. When the processing of the spherical surface 42 is finished, the pair of processing units 4 slide until they come into contact with the opposite spherical surface 42, and the cutter 33 processes the other spherical surface 42. Thereafter, the cutter support shaft 32 shown in FIG. 5 is lowered, and the cutter 33 is attached and raised.

  FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a state in which the pair of processing units 4 are retracted from the shuttle unit 6 after finishing the processing of the spherical surface 42. From this state, the index table 21 rotates in the direction of arrow c. FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a state after rotation. As the index table 21 rotates, the workpiece 10 also rotates. In the state of FIG. 8 and the state of FIG. Although the machining unit 4 has only a slide mechanism dedicated to the X axis, the workpiece 10 side rotates, so that a hole 43 that is a new part of the workpiece 10 can be machined.

  FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a state immediately before the workpiece 10 processes the hole 43. The machining unit 4 is preinstalled with a tool 11c for machining the hole 43 by the ATC 7 (FIG. 1). From the state of FIG. 10, the hole 43 of the workpiece 10 is machined by sliding the machining unit 4 in the X-axis direction (arrow a direction) while rotating the tool 11c.

  FIG. 11 is a plan view showing a state immediately before shifting to the machining of the end face 45 in the inner surface of the workpiece 10. The machining unit 4 is mounted with an end face machining tool 11d in advance by the ATC 7 (FIG. 1). The shuttle unit 6 slides in the Y-axis direction (arrow d direction) from the state of FIG. A workpiece 10 indicated by a broken line in FIG. 11 indicates the position of FIG. 10 before the shuttle unit 6 slides in the Y-axis direction. That is, the workpiece 10 slides from the broken line position to the solid line position and moves to a position where the shaft hole 46 is sandwiched between the tools 11d. Although the processing unit 4 includes only a slide mechanism dedicated to the X axis, since the workpiece 10 side moves in the Y axis direction, the end face 45 that is a new part of the workpiece 10 can be processed.

  FIG. 12 is a plan view showing a state in which the cutter 34 has entered the inside of the workpiece 10. The cutter 34 is a cutter 34 for end face processing different from the cutter 33 for spherical processing shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, by rotating the main body 31 of the inner surface processing blade exchanging device 8, the state in which the workpiece 10 and the cutter 33 face each other is automatically switched to the state in which the cutter 34 faces each other. Thereafter, as in the case of the cutter 33 described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, the cutter 34 enters the inside of the workpiece 10. This state is the state of FIG. In FIG. 12, the tip of the tool 11d is inserted into both sides of the cutter 33, and the cutter 33 is sandwiched between the tools 11d. From this state, the pair of processing units 4 slides in the X-axis direction (arrow b direction), and one side of the cutter 34 comes into contact with one end surface 45 of the workpiece 10.

  FIG. 13 is a plan view showing a processing state by the cutter 34. The cutter 34 has moved in the direction of arrow b from the state of FIG. 12, and the cutter 34 is in contact with one end face 45 of the workpiece 10. In this state, the cutter 34 rotates integrally with the tool 11d, and the end face 45 is machined. When the processing of one end surface 45 is finished, the pair of processing units 4 slide until they come into contact with the opposite end surface 45, and the other end surface 45 is processed by the cutter 34.

  As described above, in the processing machine 1 according to the present embodiment, the slide mechanism of the pair of left and right processing units 4 is dedicated to the left and right axis (X axis) slide, but the shuttle unit 6 slides in the Y axis direction. While being able to reciprocate, the index table 21 can rotate around the center line. For this reason, even if the slide mechanism of the processing unit 4 is dedicated to left and right uniaxial slides, versatility is not impaired, and different parts of the workpiece 10 can be processed.

  That is, in the processing machine 1 according to this embodiment, the processing unit 4 is purposely dedicated to the left and right single axis (X axis) slide, and the movement in the front and rear direction (Y axis direction) and the rotation direction is shared by the shuttle unit 6. The machining unit 4 is configured to move relative to the workpiece 10 in the front-rear direction and relatively rotate. This simplifies the structure of the processing unit 4 and prevents an increase in size. Therefore, the processing machine 1 according to the present embodiment is advantageous in terms of cost, is less likely to cause thermal deformation, and the processing accuracy is stabilized without taking special measures against thermal deformation.

  FIG. 14 shows the vicinity of the processing unit 4 of FIG. As described above, since the structure of the machining unit 4 is simplified, in FIG. 14, the machining unit 4 can reduce the height h from the surface of the head 3 to the central axis of the tool 11. This also makes the processing machine 1 advantageous for preventing thermal deformation.

  In the above-described embodiment, the shuttle unit 6 has been described as an example of a configuration that can move in the front-rear direction (Y-axis direction) and the rotation direction. However, the shuttle unit 6 may be configured to reciprocate in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction). According to this configuration, the versatility of processing can be enhanced and the configuration of the processing unit 4 can be maintained, so that the processing unit 4 has a simple structure as in the above embodiment, and the processing accuracy is unchanged. The effect of stabilizing is maintained.

  In the said embodiment, although the example which processes each site | part by the process unit 4 was shown, these are examples. The processing machine 1 according to the embodiment can move the workpiece 10 in the front-rear direction or rotate the workpiece 10 and includes the ATC 7 and the inner surface processing blade exchanging device 8, so that depending on the type of the workpiece 10, The processing part can be set.

  Further, the slide mechanism of the processing unit 4 has been described with the example of the ball screw mechanism, but is not limited thereto, and any mechanism that can reciprocate in the X-axis direction may be used.

1 Processing Machine 3 Base 6 Shuttle Unit 7 ATC (Automatic Tool Changer)
8 Internal machining tool changer 10 Work 11, 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d Tool 20 Shuttle table 21 Index table 33, 34 Cutter

Claims (3)

A shuttle unit for placing the workpiece and moving the workpiece;
A pair of left and right processing units arranged so as to sandwich the workpiece;
An inner surface processing blade exchanging device that slides up and down;
An automatic tool changer for changing a tool attached to the processing unit,
Work is a differential case which support Idogia hole is formed,
The slide mechanism of the pair of left and right processing units is dedicated to uniaxial slide in the left-right direction
The shuttle unit includes a shuttle table and an index table which is a work mounting portion, the index table is rotatable, and the shuttle table is slidable in the front-rear direction .
Before Symbol machine of the differential case, characterized in that each mounting the tool to the right and left pair of processing units that can be processed in the side gear bore.   The differential case processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the shuttle unit is further slidable in a vertical direction.   The inner surface processing blade exchanging device includes a plurality of cutter support shafts to which cutters are attached, and the type of cutter facing the workpiece can be changed by rotating a main body to which the cutter support shafts are fixed. The differential case processing machine according to 1 or 2.

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