JP6138630B2 - Tsunami evacuation facilities - Google Patents

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a tsunami evacuation facility for avoiding that people who have encountered near a coast are evacuated and damaged by a large tsunami when a large tsunami or the like occurs.

  When a huge earthquake occurs at the bottom of the sea, a large tsunami may occur in the coastal area, and it is necessary to evacuate to a hill as soon as possible when a large tsunami strikes. However, it takes time for people near the coast to evacuate to safe hills. Also, depending on the size of the tsunami, even a few-story building near the coast may be destroyed, so evacuating to the building can be dangerous.

  For this reason, it has been proposed to install an evacuation facility that can evacuate against a tsunami near the coast. For example, in Patent Document 1, residents near the coast can evacuate quickly when a tsunami occurs, and sufficient safety can be ensured even when a high tsunami occurs. Therefore, a float-type tsunami evacuation shelter has been proposed that can be easily and quickly evacuated, and can be kept low in equipment costs and maintenance costs.

  Patent Document 2 proposes a float-type emergency shelter for evacuating when a flood damage such as a tsunami or flood occurs, and a construction method therefor. Furthermore, Patent Document 3 states that it can be used for meetinghouses and stockpiling warehouses during normal times, but in the event of a tsunami emergency, escape to the facility to escape difficulties, allowing for several days of castles while surpassing rain dew. A tsunami evacuation facility has been proposed.

JP 2006-112089 A JP 2012-251370 A JP 2012-188924 A

  The float type tsunami refuge described in Patent Document 1 is a tsunami refuge composed of a strut driven into the ground and an evacuation platform provided on the ground portion of the strut. The float type tsunami refuge is provided with a float that can float the refuge on the sea surface and can be lifted along the support column by the buoyancy of the float.

  In addition, the emergency shelter described in the cited document 2 is a float that is driven into the ground and stands on the ground, and a float that is inserted into the opening at the center and can be moved up and down by buoyancy along the pillar. And a structure that is disposed on the float, has a living space inside, has a support inserted into the opening in the center, and is movable up and down along the support by the buoyancy of the float.

  Further, the invention described in the cited document 3 has a configuration in which a saddle type float is accommodated in a pit formed by excavating the ground, and a support column standing on the ground is passed through the center of the float. Yes. And if it evacuates in the said float at the time of the tsunami attack, the float will raise along the said support | pillar by the seawater attack by a tsunami.

  The evacuation facilities disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 described above are structures that are restrained by a support column. For example, when a large tsunami hits a height beyond the support column, any evacuation facility is located on the water surface. It ’s going to fall underneath. For this reason, the evacuated people are attacked by seawater in the evacuation shelter and may be damaged.

  For this reason, it is conceivable that the height of the support column is higher than the predictable tsunami height, but in this case, the construction cost of the support column increases. In addition, the evacuation facilities disclosed in these Patent Documents 1 to 3 are normally installed on the ground or the sea surface, and in particular, in the evacuation facilities disclosed in Patent Documents 2 and 3, it is necessary to ensure the installation location at the normal time. There is a risk that it will not be used functionally.

  Therefore, the present invention provides a tsunami evacuation that can secure evacuation places for people near the coast and can evacuate reliably even when the sea level rises when the sea level may rise abnormally due to the occurrence of a large tsunami The purpose is to provide facilities.

As a technical means for achieving the above object, the tsunami evacuation facility according to the present invention is a tsunami evacuation facility for evacuating people in the vicinity of the coast when a tsunami strikes. A plurality of struts and a detachable float on the top of the struts , the struts being arranged in an appropriate number on the peripheral edge of the float, and receiving the tip formed on the peripheral edge of the float A support flange portion that penetrates the through hole and contacts the lower surface of the float is formed on the support column. When the sea level reaches the float, the float receives the buoyancy and separates from the support column to float on the sea surface. It is characterized by doing.

When a tower for evacuation with a float placed on the top of the shore is installed near the coast, etc., when the float is made detachable from the pillar and a large tsunami strikes and the sea level rises from the top of the pillar The float is also lifted and detached from the support. The detached float floats on the sea surface. The float allows people to evacuate and is equipped with storages for food and drinking water, life jackets, medicines, signal lights, radios, etc., which are necessary for evacuation. In addition, it is usually used as an observation deck so that you can see the scenery from the coast.
In addition, the structure in which the float is supported by the support is made detachable by penetrating the support through-hole formed in the float. When the sea level rises due to the tsunami or other invasion, the float is lifted by buoyancy and is detached from the column. At this time, the float is guided by the support and rises in the vertical direction, so that stability at the time of ascent is ensured.
The float can be supported by at least three support columns, but the number of floats may be set according to the size and structure of the float.

  Note that the height of the support column is higher than the expected height of the tsunami, and when the sea level rises to a position lower than the height of the support column, the float floats until the tsunami disappears without leaving the float. Wait within.

The tsunami evacuation facility according to the invention of claim 2 is characterized in that a spacer ring is inserted into the receiving through hole with a material having a small friction coefficient, and a tip of the support column is fitted into the spacer ring. Yes.

  When the sea level rises due to the invasion of a large tsunami or the like, the float is formed with a material having a small coefficient of friction, such as a fluororesin, so that the float smoothly rises and separates from the support column. A spacer ring is inserted and a support is passed through the spacer ring.

Further, the tsunami evacuation facility according to the invention of claim 3 is a tsunami evacuation facility for evacuating people in the vicinity of the coast when a tsunami strikes. A frustoconical receiving portion that is formed of a float that is detachable on the upper portion, the column is cylindrical, the upper end is formed in a truncated cone shape that is continuous with the cylinder, and the truncated cone shape is accommodated in the center of the lower surface of the float The float is made detachable from the column with a roller interposed between the outer peripheral surface of the frustoconical shape and the inner peripheral surface of the receiving portion, and when the sea surface reaches the float, the float It is characterized in that it receives buoyancy and is detached from the support and floats on the sea surface .

That is, the column is cylindrical, and a float is placed on and supported by the upper end of the cylindrical column. The roller is interposed between the support column and the float so that the float can be smoothly detached from the support column. Since the column is cylindrical, if it is properly sealed, it takes time to immerse the inside of the column in the event of a tsunami, so the time required to evacuate can be extended, and , Necessary materials can be stored in the interior.

The tsunami evacuation facility according to the invention of claim 4 is characterized in that a spiral stairway for climbing from the ground to the float is disposed at the center of the float.

  In the event of a tsunami, people will evacuate to the float, but the float is at the top of the column and requires means to evacuate to the float. As an evacuation means for this purpose, a spiral staircase leading to the float is arranged at the center of the float so that the spiral staircase can be used to climb from the ground to the float.

The tsunami evacuation facility according to the invention of claim 5 is characterized in that the float and the support are connected by a connecting line.

  The float is restrained so that it does not drift inadvertently when the sea surface floats when a large tsunami strikes. A wire rope, a link chain, etc. can be utilized as a connection rope. Also, when the tsunami disappears, the sea level drops, but when the seawater is drawn, the float will drop to the ground.

  According to the tsunami evacuation facility according to the present invention, when a large tsunami occurs, the evacuation facility evacuates to the float. If the sea level rise due to the tsunami does not reach the float, it waits until the tsunami disappears in the float. When the sea level rises above the height of the float, the float separates from the column and floats on the sea surface. For this reason, people evacuated to the float wait in the float as the sea level descends.

  Since the float and the column are connected by the connecting rope, the float does not float carelessly.

It is a schematic plan view which shows the evacuation facility for tsunami which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic front view of the tsunami evacuation facility shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the tsunami evacuation facility which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention, (a) is an upper front view, (b) is the sectional view on the AA line in (a). It is a schematic front view which shows the evacuation facility for tsunami which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic exploded perspective view showing a tsunami evacuation facility according to a third embodiment shown in FIG. 4. It is a schematic front view which shows the evacuation facility for tsunami which concerns on 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the principal part of the evacuation facility for tsunami which concerns on 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic front view which shows the evacuation facility for tsunami which concerns on 6th Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, the tsunami evacuation facility according to the present invention will be described in detail based on the illustrated preferred embodiment.

  1 and 2 show a first embodiment of a tsunami evacuation facility 1 according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view, and FIG. 2 is a front view. In this tsunami evacuation facility 1, as shown in FIG. 2, a float 3 having a hollow interior is detachably mounted on the column 2 at the top of a plurality of columns 2 installed on the ground G. . The support columns 2 need only have a number that can stably support the float 3, and include at least three support columns 2. A receiving member 4 formed in a reverse concave shape as a receiving portion is attached to the lower surface of the float 3 at a position where the tip of the supporting column 2 faces, and the tip of the supporting column 2 is attached to the receiving member 4. The float 3 is detachably attached to the support column 2 by being inserted. In addition, the connection state of the receiving member 4 and the support | pillar 2 is made to support the float 3 stably at normal time.

  A spiral staircase 5 is provided at the center of the float 3 so as to be able to climb the float 3 from the ground G. An opening 3a is formed on the floor of the float 3 so as to face the spiral staircase 5; The spiral staircase 5 can enter the inside of the float 3 through the opening 3a. A hatch 6 is provided on the floor surface of the float 3 with respect to the opening 3a, and the opening 3a is closed by closing the hatch 6. The upper part of the float 3 is an observation deck 3b using the ceiling of the float 3. The observation deck 3b can enter and exit through an entrance bucks 3c, and a staircase 3d leading to the entrance box 3c is provided inside the float 3. Further, the observation deck 3b is provided with a storage 3e for food and drinking water, life jackets, medicines, signal lights, radios, evacuation ladders, and the like necessary for evacuation. The storage 3e may be provided inside the float 3. However, if the observation deck 3b is provided, the number of people evacuating in the float 3 can be increased. The peripheral part of the observation deck 3b is surrounded by a safety fence 3f.

Further, the float 3 and the support 2 are connected by a connecting cord (not shown). This connection fence is formed by a rope knitted with a fiber such as a plant, a wire rope, a link chain or the like, and is at least longer than the height of the column 2.

  When there is a possibility that an earthquake will occur and a tsunami may strike, people who need to evacuate to the tsunami evacuation facility 1 evacuate to the inside of the float 3 using the spiral staircase 5. When the evacuation of people is completed, the hatch 6 is closed and the opening 3a of the float 3 is closed. Thereby, even when the sea surface reaches the float 3 due to the tsunami, the seawater is prevented from entering the inside of the float 3.

  When the scale of the tsunami is large and the sea level rises above the height of the support 2, the float 3 rises due to buoyancy. Thereby, the said receiving member 4 detaches | leaves from the support | pillar 2, and the float 3 floats on the sea surface. For this reason, people evacuated to the inside of the float 3 can wait inside the float 3 until the tsunami disappears. Or you can climb the observation deck 3b and check the surroundings. In addition, since the float 3 is connected to the support column 2 by a connecting rope (not shown) fixed to the ground G, it does not drift due to the flow of seawater caused by the tsunami.

  When the tsunami disappears and the seawater is pulled back, the sea level is lowered and the float 3 is also lowered. At this time, the float 3 is lowered to the vicinity of the column because it is connected to the column 2 by the connecting cable (not shown). If it falls to the ground G, it will go out to the observation deck 3b from the entrance box 3c using the stairs 3d, and will go down to the ground G from the observation deck 3b using the escape ladder stored in the storage 3e. As a result, the damage caused by the tsunami can be minimized.

  FIG. 3 shows a tsunami evacuation facility 10 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the site | part same as the tsunami evacuation facility 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment.

  The column 11 of the tsunami evacuation facility 10 according to the second embodiment is formed in a cylindrical shape. On the other hand, on the lower surface of the float 13, an annular receiving member 12 is attached as a receiving portion in which an annular recess is formed at a position where the cylindrical end of the support 11 faces, and the upper end of the support 11 is The float 13 is detachably attached to the column 11 by being inserted into the annular receiving member 12. A spiral staircase 5 is provided inside the cylindrical shape of the column 11.

  In the tsunami evacuation facility 10 according to the second embodiment, the spiral staircase 5 is used to evacuate inside the float 13. Since the spiral staircase 5 in the cylindrical support column 11 is used for evacuation, even if the tsunami reaches the tsunami evacuation facility 10, it takes time for seawater to enter the support column 11, so the evacuation Can be lengthened.

  When the sea surface reaches the float 13, the annular receiving member 12 is detached from the tip of the support column 11, and the float 13 floats on the sea surface. Since the floated float 13 is connected to the support 11 by a connecting cable (not shown), it does not drift.

  4 and 5 show a tsunami evacuation facility 20 according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the site | part of the same part as the tsunami evacuation facility 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment. The support column 21 according to this embodiment is formed in a cylindrical shape, and its upper surface is formed in an inverted truncated cone shape to serve as a receiving surface 21a as a receiving portion. A portion of the lower surface of the float 22 facing the receiving surface 21a is formed by an inverted frustoconical supported surface 22a that matches the receiving surface 21a. That is, the float 22 is placed on and supported by the column 21.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the receiving surface 21a is subjected to a surface treatment so that the float 22 is not displaced due to an earthquake or the like, and friction between the receiving surface 21a and the supported surface 22a is applied. The coefficient is made large. For this reason, the float 22a is prevented from falling off the column 21a due to an earthquake or the like.

  When the sea level rises to the height of the float 22 due to the tsunami attack, the float 22 rises due to buoyancy and leaves the column 21. After that, people who float on the surface of the sea and evacuate into the float 22 wait until the tsunami disappears.

  FIG. 6 shows a tsunami evacuation facility 30 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the site | part of the same part as the tsunami evacuation facility 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment. In the tsunami evacuation facility 30 according to this embodiment, the column 31 is formed with a truncated cone-shaped mounting part 31b as a receiving part on the upper part of the cylindrical main body 31a. A supported portion 32a is formed by a truncated conical recess that matches the portion 31b. An appropriate number of rollers 33 are interposed at appropriate positions between the placement portion 31b and the supported portion 32a.

  When the tsunami strikes and the sea level rises to the float 32, the float 32 also rises and leaves the column 31. At this time, the supported portion 32a of the float 32 is surely separated from the placement portion 31a while being guided by the roller 33, and the posture of the float 32 is maintained and separated.

  FIG. 7 shows a tsunami evacuation facility 40 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. The tsunami evacuation facility 40 according to the fifth embodiment is a modified structure of the linkage between the support column 2 and the float 3 of the tsunami evacuation facility 1 according to the first embodiment. The support column 41 of the tsunami evacuation facility 40 penetrates a receiving through hole 42a as a receiving portion formed in the float 42. A support flange portion 41a is formed as a receiving portion at a portion of the support column 41 located below the float 42, and the float 42 is supported by the support flange portion 41a via a rubber seat 43. Further, a spacer ring 44 made of a material having a small friction coefficient such as a fluororesin is fitted inside the receiving through hole 42a, and the upper end portion of the support column 41 is inserted into the spacer ring 44. ing.

  When the float 42 rises along with the rise of the sea level due to the tsunami, the float 42 is detached from the pillar 41 by the removal of the pillar 41 from the receiving through hole 42a, and the float 42 floats on the sea surface. Become. Further, when the float 42 is removed from the support column 41, a material having a small friction coefficient is used for the spacer ring 44, so that the float 42 is smoothly extracted from the support column 41.

  FIG. 8 shows a tsunami evacuation facility 50 according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. The support column 51 of the sixth embodiment is formed with a receiving surface 51a having an inverted frustoconical upper surface as a receiving portion, and an impact absorbing sheet 51b and a friction reducing sheet 51c are sequentially attached to the receiving surface 51a. A float 52 is placed on the sheets 51b and 51c. As shown in the figure, a mounting surface 52a having a frustoconical shape whose upper base is smaller than the diameter of the upper base of the inverted frustoconical shape of the receiving surface 51a is formed on the lower surface of the float 52. Yes. Therefore, a play space S is formed between the upper surface of the support column 51 and the lower surface of the float 52, as shown in FIG.

  According to the tsunami evacuation facility 50 according to the sixth embodiment, the float 52 is slid on the friction reducing sheet 51c by the friction reducing sheet 51c with respect to the horizontal vibration generated when an earthquake occurs, and When the float 52 moves in the space S, the vibration energy of the roll caused by the earthquake is canceled and the vibration is alleviated. Further, the vibration energy in the vertical direction is absorbed by the shock absorbing sheet 51b, the vibration is reduced, and the shock transmitted to the float 52 is reduced.

  When a tsunami strikes, the float 52 also rises as the sea level rises, leaves the receiving surface 51a of the column 51, and floats on the sea surface.

  In any of the embodiments described above, the inside of the float is described as the evacuation space. However, the float and the housing forming the evacuation space can be separated and linked to each other.

  Moreover, in the float which concerns on embodiment described above, since all can use an upper surface as an observation deck, at the time of a normal time, it can open | release to a tourist as an observation deck, or can be used for ocean observation.

  According to the tsunami evacuation facility according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a tsunami evacuation facility that allows people near the coast to evacuate quickly when a tsunami occurs, and to use it effectively by using it as an observation deck during normal times. Provide evacuation facilities for tsunamis.

1 Tsunami Evacuation Facility 2 Strut 3 Float
3a opening
3b Observation deck
3c inlet box
3d stairs
3e vault
3f Safety fence 4 Receiving member (receiving part)
5 Spiral staircase 6 Hatch
10 Tsunami evacuation facilities
11 support
12 Ring receiving member (receiving part)
13 Float
20 Tsunami evacuation facilities
21 Prop
21a Receiving surface (receiving part)
22 Float
22a Supported surface
30 Tsunami evacuation facilities
31 Prop
31a Main part
31b Placement part (receiving part)
32 Float
32a Supported parts
40 Tsunami Evacuation Facility
41 Prop
41a Support flange (receiving part)
42 Float
42a Through hole
42 Rubber seat
44 Spacer ring
50 Tsunami Evacuation Facility
51 prop
51a Receiving surface (receiving part)
51b Shock absorbing sheet
51c Friction reduction sheet G Ground S Space

Claims (5)

In a tsunami evacuation facility for evacuation of people near the coast when a tsunami strikes,
Multiple props of appropriate height installed on the ground,
It consists of a detachable float at the top of the column,
The struts are arranged in an appropriate number on the periphery of the float, and the support flanges that abut the lower surface of the float are attached to the struts while penetrating through the receiving through holes formed at the periphery of the float. Forming,
A tsunami evacuation facility characterized in that when the sea surface reaches the float, the float receives buoyancy and is detached from the support column and floats on the sea surface.   The tsunami evacuation facility according to claim 1, wherein a spacer ring is inserted into the receiving through hole with a material having a small friction coefficient, and a tip of the support column is fitted into the spacer ring.   In a tsunami evacuation facility for evacuation of people near the coast when a tsunami strikes,
  A prop of appropriate height installed on the ground,
  It consists of a detachable float at the top of the column,
  The column has a cylindrical shape and an upper end is formed in a truncated cone shape continuous with the cylinder, and a frustoconical receiving portion that accommodates the truncated cone shape is formed in a central portion of the lower surface of the float. The float is made detachable from the support by interposing a roller between the support and the inner peripheral surface of the receiving part, and when the sea surface reaches the float, the float receives buoyancy and is detached from the support. A tsunami evacuation facility characterized by floating on the sea surface.   The tsunami evacuation facility according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a spiral staircase for climbing from the ground to the float is disposed at the center of the float.   The tsunami evacuation facility according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the float and the support column are connected by a connecting line.

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