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JP6143095B2 - Power generation system using nanofiber membrane distillation method - Google Patents
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JP6143095B2 - Power generation system using nanofiber membrane distillation method - Google Patents

Power generation system using nanofiber membrane distillation method Download PDF

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JP6143095B2
JP6143095B2 JP2013162737A JP2013162737A JP6143095B2 JP 6143095 B2 JP6143095 B2 JP 6143095B2 JP 2013162737 A JP2013162737 A JP 2013162737A JP 2013162737 A JP2013162737 A JP 2013162737A JP 6143095 B2 JP6143095 B2 JP 6143095B2
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salt water
concentration salt
seawater
nanofiber membrane
membrane distillation
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JP2015021490A (en
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光弘 高橋
光弘 高橋
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131Reverse-osmosis
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

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Description

本発明は、ナノファイバー膜蒸留法で海水から淡水を取り除いた後の高濃度塩水を海に放流することで海の環境に悪影響を与えないようにした方式であり、且つ高濃度塩水を利用した浸透圧発電システムに関するものである。  The present invention is a system that does not adversely affect the marine environment by discharging high-concentration salt water after removing fresh water from seawater by the nanofiber membrane distillation method, and uses high-concentration salt water. The present invention relates to an osmotic pressure power generation system.

一般に、海水の淡水化法としては、従来から逆浸透膜法、多段フラッシュ法が実施されている。これらの淡水化装置は、海水(3.5%)から淡水を抽出するため高濃度塩水(7%〜10%)を生成される。この高濃度塩水を海に排出されることで、周辺の生態系に大きなダメージを与えてしまう。このため、下水処理場などから排出される水を利用して海水と同程度まで薄めてから海に排出するなどが実施されているが多くの場所では海に排出し自然を破壊している。  Generally, as a desalination method for seawater, a reverse osmosis membrane method and a multistage flash method have been conventionally performed. These desalination devices produce high-concentration salt water (7% -10%) to extract fresh water from seawater (3.5%). By discharging this high-concentration saltwater to the sea, the surrounding ecosystem will be damaged greatly. For this reason, water discharged from sewage treatment plants has been diluted to the same extent as seawater and then discharged into the sea, but in many places it is discharged into the sea and destroys nature.

一方、浸透膜を利用した発電方法が研究されている。これは、河川から淡水を取水するとともに、海から海水を取水し、浸透膜を用いて淡水を海水に浸透させ、淡水が浸透する過程で生じる浸透圧によってタービン発電機を回転させて発電する方式である。  On the other hand, power generation methods using osmotic membranes have been studied. In this system, fresh water is taken from a river, sea water is taken from the sea, fresh water is infiltrated into seawater using an osmosis membrane, and the turbine generator is rotated by the osmotic pressure generated in the process of fresh water infiltration. It is.

しかしながら、海水の塩水濃度(3.5%)が低いため浸透圧が低いため、実用できる程度の発電を得ることが困難である。  However, since the saltwater concentration (3.5%) of seawater is low and the osmotic pressure is low, it is difficult to obtain power generation that is practical.

以上の課題を解決したもので、本発明の目的は、ナノファイバー膜蒸留淡水化装置が生成した高濃度塩水を利用した浸透圧装置を利用して海に排出することなく海の環境に悪影響を与えないようにしたものである。  By solving the above problems, the object of the present invention is to adversely affect the marine environment without discharging into the sea using an osmotic pressure device using high-concentration salt water generated by a nanofiber membrane distillation desalination device. It is something that is not given.

本発明のもう一つの目的は、ナノファイバー膜蒸留淡水化装置が生成した高濃度の塩水を利用した浸透圧装置が発生する浸透圧を利用して発電をしたものである。  Another object of the present invention is to generate electricity using the osmotic pressure generated by the osmotic pressure device using the high-concentration salt water generated by the nanofiber membrane distillation desalination device.

本発明のもう一つの目的は、ナノファイバー膜淡水化蒸留装置と浸透圧装置の間で高濃度塩水が触媒として働き不純物が混入しないためメンテナンスフリーを実現したものである。  Another object of the present invention is to realize maintenance-free because high-concentration salt water acts as a catalyst and no impurities are mixed between the nanofiber membrane desalination distillation apparatus and the osmotic pressure apparatus.

本発明の第1の解決手段は、ナノファイバー膜蒸留淡水化装置を使用することでこれまでの淡水化装置が生成できる塩水濃度が7%〜10%であったものを25%程度まで塩水濃度を引き上げることができるようになったことである。  The first solution of the present invention is that the concentration of salt water that can be generated by a conventional desalination apparatus by using a nanofiber membrane distillation desalination apparatus is 7% to 10%. It is now possible to raise.

本発明の第2の解決手段は、浸透圧装置を使用し、海水から浸透圧を利用して淡水を吸い上げるようにしたことである。  The second solution of the present invention is to use an osmotic pressure device to suck up fresh water from seawater using the osmotic pressure.

本発明の第3の解決手段は、浸透圧による海水からの淡水の吸い上げ量を安定的に保つために海水(3.5%)を海から引き込み速やかに海に戻す循環をさせたことである。  The third solution of the present invention is to circulate seawater (3.5%) from the sea and quickly return it to the sea in order to keep the amount of fresh water sucked up from seawater by osmotic pressure stable. .

本発明の第4の解決手段は、浸透膜に海水に含まれる有機物やコンタミによる目詰まりをナノフィルターによって除去したことである。  A fourth solution of the present invention is to remove clogging due to organic matter and contamination contained in seawater in the osmotic membrane by the nanofilter.

本発明の第5の解決手段は、浸透膜によって吸い上げた淡水によって高濃度塩水が低濃度塩水になることによる体積膨張による低濃度塩水によってタービン発電機を回すことによって発電したことである。  A fifth solution of the present invention is that power is generated by turning a turbine generator with low-concentration salt water due to volume expansion caused by high-concentration salt water becoming low-concentration salt water by fresh water sucked up by an osmosis membrane.

(1)ナノファイバー膜蒸留淡水化装置で生成された高濃度塩水を海に排出することのなく、浸透圧装置間で循環させることで海などの環境に悪影響を与えることがない。
(2)ナノファイバー膜蒸留装置で生成された高濃度塩水を海に排出することなく、浸透圧装置にて海水から淡水を吸い上げ。低濃度海水に変化して、水流発電機の発電用水として利用したので有効活用が図れる。
(3)高濃度塩水は、ナノファイバー膜蒸留淡水化装置を浸透圧装置間を触媒として循環をするためコンタミの混入がないためメンテナンフリーの構造にすることができる。
(4)ランニングコストが極めて安くできる。
(5)設備が簡単で投資金額が少ない。
(1) The high-concentration salt water produced by the nanofiber membrane distillation desalination apparatus is not discharged to the sea, and is not adversely affected to the environment such as the sea by circulating between the osmotic pressure apparatuses.
(2) Fresh water is sucked up from seawater by an osmotic pressure device without discharging high-concentration salt water generated by the nanofiber membrane distillation device to the sea. It can be effectively used because it has been changed to low-concentration seawater and used as power generation water for a water current generator.
(3) The high-concentration salt water can be maintained in a maintenance-free structure because there is no contamination due to circulation of the nanofiber membrane distillation desalination apparatus as a catalyst between the osmotic pressure apparatuses.
(4) Running cost can be extremely low.
(5) Equipment is simple and investment is small.

ナノファイバー膜蒸留法を活用した発電システムの一例を示す概念図。The conceptual diagram which shows an example of the electric power generation system using the nanofiber membrane distillation method.

以下、本発明の実施形態にについて図1に基づいて説明する。  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

1はナノファイバー膜蒸留装置で、この装置1には高濃度塩水取出し口2と低濃度塩水取入れ口3が形成されている。4は淡水排水管でナノファイバー膜蒸留装置1のナノ蒸気透過膜(図示せず)を透過した淡水を回収するようになっている。5は浸透圧装置で、浸透圧装置5は浸透膜6で隔離形成された高濃度塩水流路室7と海水流路室8とに二分されている。高濃度塩水取出し口2には高濃度塩水流路管9が取り付けられ、この高濃度塩水流路管9は途中、高濃度塩水送給ポンプ10を介在して高濃度塩水流路室7の一側端に接続されている。また、高濃度塩水流路室7の他側端には低濃度塩水流路管11が取り付けられ、途中に水流発電機12を介在して低濃度塩水取入れ口3に接続されている。海水流路室8には海水を取り込む海水導入管13が取り付けられている。さらに、この海水導入管13にはナノフィルタ14がとりつけられている。
さらに、海水流路室8の下端には、海水排出ポンプ15を介在して少しだけ塩分濃度が上がった海水を海に排出する海水排出管16が接続されている。
Reference numeral 1 denotes a nanofiber membrane distillation apparatus, in which a high-concentration salt water outlet 2 and a low-concentration salt water inlet 3 are formed. Reference numeral 4 denotes a fresh water drain pipe for collecting fresh water that has permeated through a nano vapor permeable membrane (not shown) of the nano fiber membrane distillation apparatus 1. Reference numeral 5 denotes an osmotic pressure device, and the osmotic pressure device 5 is divided into a high-concentration salt water channel chamber 7 and a seawater channel chamber 8 separated by a osmotic membrane 6. A high-concentration salt water passage pipe 9 is attached to the high-concentration salt water outlet 2, and this high-concentration salt water passage pipe 9 is part of the high-concentration salt water passage chamber 7 via a high-concentration salt water feed pump 10. Connected to the side edge. A low-concentration salt water passage pipe 11 is attached to the other end of the high-concentration salt water passage chamber 7 and is connected to the low-concentration salt water intake 3 through a water current generator 12 in the middle. A seawater introduction pipe 13 for taking in seawater is attached to the seawater passage chamber 8. Further, a nano filter 14 is attached to the seawater introduction pipe 13.
Further, a seawater discharge pipe 16 is connected to the lower end of the seawater passage chamber 8 for discharging seawater having a slightly increased salt concentration to the sea via a seawater discharge pump 15.

ここで、ナノファイバー膜蒸留装置1の本体は溶融電界紡糸法で繊維径が100nm〜1μmのナノファイバーからなる薄い層を積層してマット形状に形成したナノ蒸気透過膜で内部が仕切られ、ナノ蒸気透過膜を介して海水中の水分を気化させ透過した蒸気を淡水に変化させる構造となっている。  Here, the main body of the nanofiber membrane distillation apparatus 1 is partitioned by a nano vapor permeable membrane formed by laminating thin layers made of nanofibers having a fiber diameter of 100 nm to 1 μm by a melt electrospinning method, It has a structure in which the water vapor in seawater is vaporized through the vapor permeable membrane and the permeated vapor is changed to fresh water.

さらに、水流発電機12は低濃度塩水給水管11から送給された低濃度塩水の圧力でタービンを回転させ発電できるようになっている。  Further, the water current generator 12 can generate power by rotating the turbine with the pressure of the low-concentration salt water supplied from the low-concentration salt water supply pipe 11.

浸透圧装置5の浸透膜6はナノフィルタ製疎水性多孔質膜でPTFEを延伸加工したフイルムとポリウレタンポリマーを複合化して製作されている。そして、ナノフィルタ製疎水性多孔質膜には、疎水性、透湿性、耐久性のある機能を保持している。  The osmotic membrane 6 of the osmotic pressure device 5 is manufactured by combining a film obtained by stretching PTFE with a hydrophobic porous membrane made of nanofilter and a polyurethane polymer. The hydrophobic porous membrane made of nanofilters retains hydrophobic, moisture permeable, and durable functions.

さらに、ナノフィルタ14は、不織布あるいは織布からなる基材に、溶融電界紡糸法により繊維径が100nm〜1μのナノファイバーからなる薄い層を積層してフィルタ形状にしたもので、海水導入管13に取り付けられ、海水中に含まれる有機物やごみなどを除去して、浸透膜7の目詰まりを防止したものである。  Further, the nanofilter 14 is formed by laminating a thin layer made of nanofibers having a fiber diameter of 100 nm to 1 μm on a base material made of nonwoven fabric or woven fabric by a melt electrospinning method. The osmotic membrane 7 is prevented from being clogged by removing organic substances and dust contained in the seawater.

本発明は上記のような発電システムから構成されているので、その作用効果について説明する。Since this invention is comprised from the above electric power generation systems, the effect is demonstrated.

まず、海水排出ポンプ15を駆動することによって、海水は海水導入管13から取り入れられを、ナノフィルタ14を経由して浸透圧装置5の海水流路室8へ送り込まれる。一方、高濃度塩水送給ポンプ10の駆動によりナノファイバー膜蒸留装置1で生成した高濃度塩水が浸透圧装置5の高濃度塩水流路室7に送り込まれる。これにより、高濃度塩水流路室7内の高濃度塩水と海水流路室8の海水とが浸透膜7を介して接触するようになる。  First, by driving the seawater discharge pump 15, seawater is taken from the seawater introduction pipe 13 and sent to the seawater flow path chamber 8 of the osmotic pressure device 5 via the nanofilter 14. On the other hand, the high-concentration salt water feed pump 10 drives the high-concentration salt water generated in the nanofiber membrane distillation apparatus 1 into the high-concentration salt water channel chamber 7 of the osmotic pressure device 5. As a result, the high-concentration salt water in the high-concentration salt water channel chamber 7 comes into contact with the sea water in the sea water channel chamber 8 via the osmotic membrane 7.

ここで、本発明の場合、ナノファイバー膜蒸留装置1を使用することで、従来の淡水化装置が生成できる塩水濃度が7%〜10%であったものを25%程度まで塩水濃度を引き上げることができるようにしたので、従来にない大きな塩分濃度差を生じることができ、その分、浸透膜7を透過する海水中の水分量が増加する。  Here, in the case of the present invention, by using the nanofiber membrane distillation apparatus 1, the salt water concentration that can be generated by the conventional desalination apparatus is increased from 7% to 10% to about 25%. Therefore, a large difference in salinity concentration that has not been possible in the past can be generated, and the amount of water in seawater that permeates the osmosis membrane 7 is increased accordingly.

次に、浸透膜7を透過した水分によって高濃度塩水が低濃度塩水に変化すると共に低濃度塩水は数倍の流量に膨れ上がり、体積膨張による低濃度塩水となる。  Next, the high-concentration salt water is changed to low-concentration salt water by the water permeated through the osmotic membrane 7, and the low-concentration salt water swells to several times the flow rate to become low-concentration salt water due to volume expansion.

そして、体積膨張した低濃度塩水は低濃度塩水管11を流下して水流発電機12に送り込まれる。ここで、水流発電機12に送り込まれた圧力エネルギーが高まった低濃度塩水の圧力エネルギーはタービンの回転エネルギーに変換され発電が生じる。このように、ナノファイバー膜蒸留装置1で生成した高濃度塩水を海に排出することなく、低濃度塩水に変化して、水流発電機12の発電用水として利用して有効活用が図れるようにしたものである。  The volume-expanded low-concentration salt water flows down the low-concentration salt water pipe 11 and is sent to the water current generator 12. Here, the pressure energy of the low-concentration salt water whose pressure energy sent to the water current generator 12 is increased is converted into rotational energy of the turbine to generate power. As described above, the high-concentration salt water generated by the nanofiber membrane distillation apparatus 1 is changed into low-concentration salt water without being discharged into the sea, and can be used effectively as water for power generation of the water current generator 12. Is.

さらに、水流発電機12で使用された低濃度塩水はナノファイバー膜蒸留装置1内に戻され、ナノ蒸気透過膜の作用により低濃度塩水中の水分が透過され高濃度塩水として再び使用される。  Further, the low-concentration salt water used in the water current generator 12 is returned into the nanofiber membrane distillation apparatus 1, and the water in the low-concentration salt water is permeated by the action of the nano-vapor permeable membrane and used again as the high-concentration salt water.

一方、浸透膜7の作用で水分が除去され少しだけ塩分濃度の上がった海水を海水排出ポンプ15により海水排出管16を経由して海水へ排出するようにしたので海などへの環境に悪影響を与えることがない。
また、浸透圧装置を使用し、浸透圧による海水からの淡水の吸い上げ量を安定的に保つために海水(3.5%)を海から引き込み速やかに海に戻す循環をさせたことである。
On the other hand, the seawater whose water content has been slightly removed by the action of the osmosis membrane 7 is slightly discharged to the seawater via the seawater discharge pipe 16 by the seawater discharge pump 15, which has an adverse effect on the environment such as the sea. Never give.
In addition, an osmotic pressure device was used to circulate seawater (3.5%) from the sea and quickly return it to the sea in order to keep the amount of fresh water sucked up from the seawater by osmotic pressure stable.

さらに、高濃度塩水は、ナノファイバー膜蒸留淡水化装置を浸透圧装置間に触媒として循環できるようにしたためコンタミの混入がないためメンテナンフリーの構造としたものである。  Further, the high-concentration salt water has a maintenance-free structure because the nanofiber membrane distillation desalination apparatus can be circulated as a catalyst between the osmotic pressure apparatuses so that there is no contamination.

なお、本発明は前記実施形態そのままに限定されるものでなく、実施段階ではその要旨を逸脱しない範囲で構成要素を変形して具体化でき、また前記実施形態に開示されている複数の構成要素の適宜な組み合わせにより種々の変更が可能である。  Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments as they are, and can be embodied by modifying the components without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage, and a plurality of components disclosed in the embodiments. Various modifications can be made by an appropriate combination of the above.

従来の淡水化装置は、高濃度塩水を海に排出するため自然を破壊してしまう懸念があった。一方、従来の発電方式は浸透圧によってタービン発電機を回転させて発電する方式であるが、海水の塩水濃度(3.5%)が低いため浸透圧が低くなり、実用できる程度の発電を得ることが困難であった。そこで、本発明は、ナノファイバー膜蒸留淡水化装置と浸透圧装置と水流発電機とを組み合わせて従来の問題点を解消したもので、産業上極めて利用価値の高いものである。  Conventional desalination apparatuses have a concern of destroying nature because high-concentration salt water is discharged into the sea. On the other hand, the conventional power generation method is a method of generating electricity by rotating a turbine generator by osmotic pressure, but since the salt water concentration (3.5%) of seawater is low, the osmotic pressure is low, and power generation to a practical level is obtained. It was difficult. Therefore, the present invention eliminates the conventional problems by combining a nanofiber membrane distillation desalination apparatus, an osmotic pressure apparatus, and a water current generator, and has extremely high utility value in the industry.

1・・・ナノファイバー膜蒸留装置 2・・・高濃度塩水取出し口
3・・・低濃度塩水取入れ口 4・・・淡水排水管
5・・・浸透圧装置 6・・・浸透膜 7・・高濃度塩水流路室・
8・・・海水流路室 9・・・高濃度塩水流路管
10・・・高濃度塩水送給ポンプ 11・・・低濃度塩水流路管
12・・・水流発電機 13・・・海水導入管
14・・・ナノフィルタ 15・・・海水排出ポンプ
16・・・海水排出管
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Nanofiber membrane distillation apparatus 2 ... High concentration salt water extraction port 3 ... Low concentration salt water intake port 4 ... Fresh water drain pipe 5 ... Osmotic pressure device 6 ... Osmosis membrane 7. High-concentration salt water channel room
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 8 ... Seawater channel room 9 ... High concentration salt water channel tube 10 ... High concentration salt water feed pump 11 ... Low concentration salt water channel tube 12 ... Water flow generator 13 ... Sea water Introduction pipe 14 ... Nanofilter 15 ... Seawater discharge pump 16 ... Seawater discharge pipe

Claims (3)

高濃度塩水取出し口および低濃度塩水取入れ口を形成したナノファイバー膜蒸留装置と、浸透膜で高濃度塩水流路室および海水流路室とに二分した浸透圧装置とから構成し、ナノファイバー膜蒸留装置の高濃度塩水取出し口と浸透圧装置の高濃度塩水流路室の一側端との間に高濃度塩水流路管を接続し且つ、浸透圧装置の高濃度塩水流路室の他側端とナノファイバー膜蒸留装置の低濃度塩水取入れ口との間に低濃度塩水流路管を接続して設けて、低濃度塩水流路管の途中に配置した水流発電機にて発電するようにしたことを特徴とするナノファイバー膜蒸留法を活用した発電システム。  The nanofiber membrane consists of a nanofiber membrane distillation device with a high-concentration salt water outlet and a low-concentration salt water inlet, and an osmotic pressure device divided into a high-concentration saltwater channel chamber and a seawater channel chamber with an osmotic membrane. A high-concentration salt water channel tube is connected between the high-concentration salt water outlet of the distillation device and one side end of the high-concentration salt water channel chamber of the osmotic pressure device, and other than the high-concentration salt water channel chamber of the osmotic pressure device. A low-concentration salt water passage pipe is connected between the side end and the low-concentration salt water intake of the nanofiber membrane distillation apparatus so that power is generated by a water current generator arranged in the middle of the low-concentration salt water passage pipe. A power generation system using the nanofiber membrane distillation method characterized by 浸透圧装置の海水流路室にはナノフィルタを取付けた海水導入管と、海水排出ポンプを取り付けた海水排出管を接続したことを特徴とする請求項1のナノファイバー膜蒸留法を活用した発電システム。  2. The power generation using the nanofiber membrane distillation method according to claim 1, wherein a seawater introduction pipe attached with a nanofilter and a seawater discharge pipe attached with a seawater discharge pump are connected to the seawater flow passage chamber of the osmotic pressure device. system. ナノファイバー膜蒸留装置には淡水排水管を取付けたことを特徴とする請求項1のナノファイバー膜蒸留法を活用した発電システム。  2. The power generation system utilizing the nanofiber membrane distillation method according to claim 1, wherein a fresh water drain pipe is attached to the nanofiber membrane distillation device.
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