JP6153008B2 - Coral habitat suitability assessment method, coral breeding site suitability assessment system, and coral reef regeneration method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a coral habitat suitability evaluation method and a coral habitat suitability evaluation system for evaluating the suitability as a coral habitat, and a coral reef regeneration in which the coral is established at a point where the suitability is high as a coral habitat Related to methods. More specifically, the coral habitat suitability assessment method and coral breeding site suitability assessment system for assessing suitability based on the bottom trajectory velocity amplitude of the significant wave at the candidate point defined by the position and water depth, and the coral It is related to coral reef regeneration methods that establish corals at sites with high suitability as habitats.

  Coral reefs are biological landforms in which calcareous skeletons formed from reef-building corals are built up over a long period of time and coral colonies continue to form. A wide variety of organisms coexist in coral reefs at a high density, and coral reefs play an important role in creating ecosystems with high biodiversity in the sea area. Coral reefs are also important as tourism resources because they have functions to break high waves such as tsunamis and typhoons and preserve the coastline, and have a beautiful and varied landscape.

  In recent years, many coral reefs have been rapidly destroyed or are in danger due to coastal development, seawater pollution due to inflow of sediment, domestic wastewater, etc., global warming, etc. It has become.

  On the other hand, there is an interest in the restoration and conservation of coral reefs, and several attempts have been proposed. Of these, attempts to regenerate coral reefs are mainly due to coral transplantation or the establishment of a coral settlement base.

  When regenerating corals, it is necessary to select a place where corals are likely to settle. However, there are many environmental factors that affect coral growth, and the importance and impact of each environmental factor are not fully understood, so which environmental factors affect coral and how much. It is not easy to predict. For this reason, it is difficult to evaluate which place is suitable for coral growth. In fact, in many cases, the selection of the coral reef regeneration place is often based on empirical intuition.

In Non-Patent Document 1, Edamidiishi is taken as an indicator animal, and from the viewpoint of water exchange and sediment raising, the construction of an HSI (Habitat Suitability Index) model and the evaluation of optimum habitat conditions are attempted. ing. Non-Patent Document 2 attempts to construct an HSI model for Naha Port from turbidity, waves, distance from shore / river, and facing direction. In addition, Patent Documents 1 to 4 describe the quantitative evaluation method of ecosystems using a habitat model, and Non-Patent Document 3 describes the influence of the physical environment on coral growth as a coral reef formation factor. Yes. Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5 are documents relating to the relationship between coral and photon quantity.
JP 2013-16813 A JP 2012-212209 A JP 2011-165112 A JP 2004-272890 A “Applicability of HSI model to adaptive management in coastal natural regeneration plan”, Hiroshi Aki, Satoshi Nakano, Yasuomi Uchida, Fumito Iwase, Hiroshi Omae; Ocean Development Papers Vol. 23, pp501-506, July 2007 Moon Cabinet Office Okinawa General Secretariat, Technical Chart No.4, “Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) Model” "Effects of physical environment on coral growth as a coral reef formation factor", Toru Aoda, Kei Watanuki, Sanae Shibata, Kou Kumagai, Kazuo Tsujioka, Jun Mitsui, Kenji Iwai, Hiroki Taniguchi, Shin Omori; Volume 51 pp1071-1075 (2004) “Relationship between transition of inner bay coral species and seafloor photoquantity” Atsushi Nakano, Rika Shimizu, Hiroshi Aki; Ocean Development Papers Vol. 55, pp1111-1115, 2008 CS Yentsch et al, “Sunlight and transparency: cornerstones in coral research”; Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 268 (2002) 171-183

  As described above, it is difficult to predict and evaluate which location is suitable for coral growth. In fact, in many cases, the selection of the coral reef regeneration site is often performed based on empirical intuition. In addition, at present, it is very difficult to regenerate the coral reef outside the place where the coral reef was originally formed, and a means for accurately predicting and evaluating a point suitable for coral growth is required.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a means capable of predicting and evaluating a point suitable for coral growth in a sea area with high accuracy.

  When evaluating the suitability as a coral habitat, the present inventors indicate that the bottom orbit velocity velocity amplitude of the significant wave is an environmental factor particularly effective for evaluating the suitability of a coral growth candidate site in the depth direction. In addition to finding a new one, we have succeeded in constructing a means for evaluating the suitability of coral habitats using the amplitude of the velocity of the bottom orbit of the significant wave.

  Therefore, the present invention is a coral habitat suitability evaluation method for evaluating the suitability as a coral habitat, wherein the suitability is based on the bottom trajectory velocity amplitude of a significant wave at a candidate point defined by the position and water depth. A coral habitat suitability evaluation method including a procedure for evaluating

  By evaluating the suitability of coral habitats based on the velocity of the bottom orbital velocity of the significant wave at the candidate site, it is possible to evaluate the suitability of the water depth direction at each location in the sea area, and select a site suitable for coral growth. Predict and evaluate with high accuracy.

  For example, the bottom surface trajectory velocity amplitude of the significant wave can be calculated from the energy average wave height of the significant wave, the average period of the significant wave, and the water depth at the candidate point. Therefore, for example, if the measured value or estimated value of the wave height and period at the candidate point can be obtained, the suitability as a coral habitat at that point can be predicted and evaluated for each water depth, so the position optimal for coral growth In addition, the optimal water depth can be predicted and evaluated.

  Further, in the present invention, since it is possible to accurately evaluate the suitability of the coral habitat by acquiring the wave height and period at the candidate point, for example, when constructing an underwater structure in a harbor, etc. Based on topographical data, wind data, tide data, and mean period data of significant waves in the ground, predict changes in wave height and period after construction of underwater structures, and use the estimated values as coral habitats By assessing the suitability level, it is possible to predict and evaluate in advance the coral growth suitability point after construction of the underwater structure, as well as the construction location, direction, and shape of the coral growth suitability level when designing the underwater structure. The underwater structure suitable for coral growth can also be designed.

  The present invention uses, for example, a procedure for substituting a bottom wave trajectory velocity amplitude of a significant wave with a suitability index to obtain a significance wave bottom orbit flow velocity amplitude suitability index, and the significant wave bottom orbit flow velocity amplitude suitability index. A procedure for calculating the habitat aptitude index may be included, and the aptitude degree may be evaluated based on the habitat aptitude index.

  By substituting the bottom surface trajectory velocity amplitude of the significant wave with the suitability index and evaluating the suitability based on the habitat suitability index, the evaluation of suitability as a coral habitat can be quantified between 0 and 1.0, Since it becomes possible to evaluate with the influence of other environmental factors, it becomes possible to predict and evaluate a point suitable for coral growth with higher accuracy.

  In this case, for example, the method further includes a step of replacing the average of the absolute value of the flow velocity vector at the candidate point with the aptitude index and obtaining the average velocity index average aptitude index, and the significant wave is calculated when calculating the habitat aptitude index. You may make it use the numerical value obtained by the square average of a bottom face track | orbit flow velocity amplitude aptitude index and the said flow velocity vector absolute value average aptitude index.

  In this case, the coral can grow if the suitability index for either wave or flow is high, and the growth environment is the best when both suitability indices are maximum (1.0). This makes it possible to make an evaluation in accordance with the actual coral ecology, so that it is possible to further improve the accuracy of prediction and evaluation of a point suitable for coral growth.

  In addition to the above, for example, the procedure to obtain the maximum significant wave bottom orbital velocity amplitude aptitude index by replacing the maximum significant wave bottom orbit velocity amplitude amplitude at the candidate point, the residual velocity at the candidate point aptitude index When calculating the Habitat suitability index, including one or more of the following: a procedure for obtaining a residual flow velocity suitability index, a procedure for obtaining the photoquantity suitability index by substituting the suitability index for the photon quantity at the candidate site Any one or more of the maximum significant wave bottom trajectory flow velocity amplitude suitability index, residual flow velocity suitability index, and photon quantum suitability index may be further used.

  As a result, the influence of a plurality of environmental factors can be reflected in the suitability evaluation of the coral habitat, so that a point suitable for coral growth can be predicted and evaluated with higher accuracy.

  According to the present invention, a point suitable for coral growth in the sea area can be predicted and evaluated with high accuracy. In the present invention, it is possible to evaluate suitability in the depth direction at each position in the sea area.

<About the coral habitat suitability evaluation method according to the present invention>
Hereinafter, an example of the coral habitat suitability evaluation method according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is an exemplification, and the present invention is a coral habitat suitability evaluation method for evaluating the suitability as a coral habitat, and the bottom orbital velocity of a significant wave at a candidate point defined by the position and water depth. It broadly includes those including at least a procedure for evaluating the suitability as a coral habitat based on the amplitude, and is not limited to only those having all procedures. Further, the present invention is not narrowly limited by the fact that other procedures are included, the order of some procedures is different, and some procedures are not included. In addition, the present invention can be automated by describing it with a program or the like.

  FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an example of the coral habitat suitability evaluation method according to the present invention.

  In Fig. 1, the bottom wave orbital wave velocity amplitude of the significant wave, the average of the absolute value of the velocity vector, the bottom wave orbit velocity amplitude, the residual velocity and the photon quantity of the maximum significant wave are obtained (step S1). Each aptitude index is obtained by replacing data with aptitude index (procedure S2), and each procedure of calculating habitat aptitude index using each aptitude index (procedure S3) is repeated once or while changing the acquired data. And, based on the calculated habitat suitability index, suitability evaluation as a coral habitat is performed (step S4).

  The bottom orbital wave velocity amplitude of the energy mean wave of the significant wave is the peak value of the flow velocity of the oscillating flow of water particles caused by the significant wave, and is considered to be an important factor in considering the influence of the waves. Presumed to be important as one of the environmental factors affecting coral in terms of nutrient intake, feed supply, discharge of harmful substances, removal of discharged mucus, suppression of light inhibition, oxygen supply, etc. .

  The acquisition of the bottom orbital wave velocity amplitude of the significant wave (procedure S11) can be performed by, for example, calculating from the energy average wave height of the significant wave, the average period of the significant wave, and the water depth at the candidate point. Therefore, by obtaining the wave height and period estimated values obtained by calculation from wave data, for example, measured values of wave height and period, or topographic data, wind data, tide data, mean period data of significant waves, etc. It is possible to calculate the bottom surface orbital wave velocity amplitude of the significant wave for each assumed water depth.

  Coral habitat suitability evaluation using the habitat suitability index is adopted as one method for assessing the suitability of coral habitat based on the bottom trajectory velocity amplitude of the significant wave at the candidate point specified by the position and water depth. In this case, the bottom wave trajectory velocity amplitude of the significant wave is replaced with a suitability index, and the significance wave bottom orbit flow velocity amplitude suitability index is acquired (step S21).

  The replacement of the significant wave bottom orbit velocity amplitude to the significant wave bottom orbit velocity amplitude aptitude index is based on the preferentially created appropriate index model (Suitable Index Model) of the bottom wave orbit velocity amplitude of the significant wave. This can be done by substituting the aptitude index corresponding to the value of the velocity of the bottom orbital velocity of The appropriate exponential model of the bottom wave trajectory velocity amplitude of the significant wave is, for example, from the correlation between the bottom wave orbit velocity velocity amplitude of the significant wave at each point in the sea area and the coral coverage at that point, each significant wave. The aptitude index corresponding to the numerical value of the velocity of the bottom surface orbital velocity of the bottom surface orbit can be determined in advance.

As a suitability index model of the bottom wave orbital velocity amplitude of a significant wave to replace the bottom wave orbital velocity amplitude of a significant wave with the significance wave bottom orbit velocity amplitude suitability index, for example, the numerical formula shown in “Equation 1” or an approximation thereof May be adopted.

  The average of the absolute value of the flow velocity vector is the average of the absolute value of the flow velocity vector of the tidal current at each water depth. It is considered to be an important factor in considering the effects of wave flow, especially in terms of nutrient uptake, feed supply, discharge of harmful substances, removal of discharged mucus, suppression of light inhibition, oxygen supply, etc. It is speculated that it is important as one of the environmental factors affecting coral.

  The acquisition of the average of the absolute values of the flow velocity vector (procedure S12) is performed by, for example, calculating the average of the absolute values of the flow velocity vectors at the candidate points, or the estimated value acquired by calculation from topographic data, wind data, tide data, etc. It is done by using it. Note that the average absolute value of the flow velocity vector, for example, other than a relatively shallow point within a depth of about 2 m, there is little variation for each water depth, so the actual measured value of the average absolute value of the flow velocity vector at one candidate depth Or you may substitute an estimated value as the numerical value of the other water depth in the candidate point.

  In order to adopt the coral habitat suitability evaluation using the habitat suitability index, the average of the absolute value of the flow velocity vector is replaced with the suitability index, and the flow velocity vector absolute value average suitability index is obtained (step S22). The replacement of the average of the velocity vector absolute value with the velocity vector absolute value average aptitude index corresponds to the average value of the absolute value of the velocity vector based on the pre-created average aptitude index model of the absolute value of the velocity vector. This can be done by substituting the aptitude index. The aptitude index model of the average velocity vector average is, for example, the average of the absolute value of the velocity vector based on the correlation between the average absolute velocity vector at each point in the sea area and the coral coverage at that point. It can be created by predetermining the aptitude index corresponding to the numerical value.

As an aptitude index model of the average velocity vector absolute value for replacing the average of the absolute value of the velocity vector with the average velocity vector absolute value aptitude index, for example, the formula shown in “Equation 2” or an approximation thereof may be adopted. .

  As described above, when adopting the coral habitat suitability assessment using the habitat suitability index, for example, use the numerical value obtained by squaring the significant wave bottom trajectory flow velocity amplitude suitability index and the velocity vector absolute value average suitability index. (Step S211). As a result, coral can inhabit if the suitability index of either wave or flow is high, and when both suitability indices are the maximum (= 1.0), it is evaluated that the growth environment is the best.

  The bottom significant orbital velocity velocity amplitude of the largest significant wave is the maximum value of the short-period oscillating flow velocity during a specific period, and is the peak value of the bottom orbit velocity during a typhoon or storm. The bottom orbit velocity amplitude of the most significant wave is considered to be an important factor from the viewpoint of coral wave resistance.

  Obtaining the maximum significant wave bottom trajectory velocity amplitude (procedure S13) is calculated from, for example, the maximum significant wave height at the candidate point in the case of a typhoon / storm, the average period when the maximum significant wave occurs, and the water depth. Can be done. Therefore, estimation of wave height and period obtained by calculation from wave data, for example, measured values of wave height and period during typhoon / storm, or topographic data, wind data, tide data, mean period data of significant wave, etc. By acquiring the value, it is possible to calculate the bottom orbital wave velocity amplitude of the maximum significant wave for each assumed water depth.

  In order to adopt the coral habitat suitability evaluation using the habitat suitability index, the bottom wave orbital velocity amplitude of the maximum significant wave is replaced with the suitability index, and the maximum significant wave bottom orbit velocity amplitude suitability index is acquired (step S23). The replacement of the largest significant wave bottom trajectory flow velocity amplitude with the maximum significant wave bottom orbit flow velocity amplitude suitability index is based on the maximum significant wave bottom orbit flow velocity amplitude suitability index model. This can be done by substituting the aptitude index corresponding to the value of the bottom orbit velocity velocity. The aptitude index model of the maximum significant wave bottom orbital flow velocity amplitude is, for example, based on the correlation between the maximum significant wave bottom orbital flow velocity amplitude at each point in the sea area and the coral coverage at that point. It can be created by predetermining an aptitude index corresponding to the numerical value of the velocity of the bottom orbital velocity of the significant wave.

As an aptitude index model of the maximum significant wave bottom orbital velocity amplitude aptitude index for replacing the maximum significant wave bottom orbit velocity amplitude amplitude with the maximum significant wave bottom orbit velocity amplitude aptitude index, for example, The approximate expression may be adopted.

  Residual flow velocity is presumed to be important as one of the environmental factors affecting coral in terms of water and material movement in the sea.

  The residual flow velocity is acquired (procedure S14) by using, for example, an actual measurement value of the residual flow velocity at the candidate point, or an estimated value acquired by calculation from topographic data, wind data, tide data, or the like. In addition, since the residual flow velocity has little fluctuation | variation for every water depth, you may substitute the actual value or estimated value of the residual flow velocity in one water depth with a candidate position as the numerical value of the other water depth in the candidate point.

  In order to adopt the coral habitat suitability evaluation using the habitat suitability index, the residual flow velocity is replaced with the suitability index, and the residual flow velocity suitability index is acquired (step S24). The replacement from the residual flow velocity to the residual flow velocity aptitude index can be performed by substituting the aptitude index corresponding to the value of the residual flow velocity based on the preparative residual flow aptitude index model. For example, the aptitude index model for the residual flow velocity should be determined in advance based on the correlation between the residual flow velocity at each location in the sea area and the coral coverage at that location. Can be created.

As an aptitude index model of the residual flow velocity for replacing the residual flow velocity with the residual flow velocity aptitude index, for example, a mathematical expression represented by “Equation 4” or an approximate expression thereof may be adopted.

  The amount of photon is presumed to be important as one of the environmental factors that affect coral in terms of photosynthesis of zooxanthellae that coexist with coral.

  The acquisition of the photon quantity (procedure S15) is performed by using, for example, an actual measurement value of the photon quantity at the candidate position, known public data, and an estimated value for each water depth calculated by a known method based on those numerical values. Do.

  In order to adopt the coral habitat suitability evaluation using the habitat suitability index, the photoquantity is replaced with the suitability index, and the photoquantity suitability index is acquired (step S25). The substitution from the photon quantity to the photon quantity suitability index can be performed by substituting the suitability index corresponding to the value of the photon quantity based on the photon quantity suitability index model created in advance. The photon quantum aptitude index model is created, for example, by predetermining an aptitude index corresponding to the photon quantum based on the correlation between the photon quantum obtained at each point in the sea area and the coral coverage at that point. be able to.

As the photon quantum suitability index model for substituting the photon quantum amount with the photon quantum suitability index, for example, a mathematical expression represented by “Formula 5” or an approximate expression thereof may be adopted.

  A habitat aptitude index is calculated using each aptitude index acquired by the above procedure (step S3). As described above, when calculating each aptitude index, it is replaced with a numerical value between 0 and 1.0.For example, by calculating the habitat aptitude index by multiplying each aptitude index, the habitat aptitude index is also 0 to Output as a number between 1.0.

In the coral habitat suitability evaluation using the habitat suitability index, for example, a configuration including a procedure for calculating the habitat suitability index using the mathematical formula shown in “Formula 6” may be adopted.

  In addition, the present invention broadly includes the case where elements other than the above environmental factors are taken into account when calculating the habitat suitability index. Even in that case, for example, by creating an aptitude index model by the same method as described above, the influence of the element on coral can be reflected in the Habitat aptitude index.

  At the stage of calculating the habitat aptitude index (step S3), the suitability as a coral habitat may be evaluated based on the calculated numerical value, and the above processing is repeated while changing the acquired data to be used. After calculating the habitat suitability index for each point with different position and / or water depth, the suitability as a coral habitat may be comprehensively evaluated based on the calculated numerical value (step S4). . In addition, when the habitat suitability index is 0, it is evaluated as unsuitable as a coral habitat, and between 0 and 1.0 excluding 0, the larger the numerical value, the higher the suitability as a coral habitat. .

<About the coral habitat suitability evaluation system according to the present invention>
Hereinafter, an example of the coral habitat suitability evaluation system according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Note that FIG. 2 is an example, and the present invention is a coral habitat suitability evaluation system for evaluating the suitability as a coral habitat, and the bottom orbital velocity of a significant wave at a candidate point defined by the position and water depth. A wide range includes at least a configuration for evaluating the suitability based on the amplitude, and is not limited to a configuration including all configurations. Further, the present invention is not narrowly limited by including other configurations. In addition, this system can perform automatic processing by using hardware resources.

  FIG. 2 is a system configuration diagram showing an example of a coral habitat suitability evaluation system according to the present invention.

  The coral habitat suitability evaluation system in FIG. 2 includes an input unit 11 for inputting data, a data storage unit 12 for storing the data, a bottom trajectory flow velocity amplitude calculating unit 13 for calculating the bottom trajectory flow velocity amplitude from the stored data, and data Data acquisition unit 2 that acquires data from the storage unit, aptitude index acquisition unit 3 that acquires an aptitude index based on acquired data, habitat aptitude index calculation unit 4 that calculates a habitat aptitude index using the acquired aptitude index Further, an aptitude evaluation unit 5, a CPU 61, a memory 62, and the like that evaluate aptitude based on the habitat aptitude index are provided.

  The data storage unit 12 is a part for storing the actual measurement value or the estimation value data input by the input unit 11, the actual measurement value or the estimation value data transplanted from an external database, etc., for example, point information by position / water depth, And the energy average wave height of the significant wave at that point, the average period of the significant wave, the average of the absolute value of the flow velocity vector, the maximum significant wave height, the average period when the maximum significant wave is generated, the data of photoquantity, etc. are stored. To do.

  For the bottom wave orbital velocity amplitude of the significant wave, the bottom surface orbital velocity amplitude calculation unit 13 calculates the bottom orbit velocity velocity amplitude of the significant wave using the data stored in the data storage unit 12, and stores the data at one end. Store in part 12. The bottom wave trajectory velocity amplitude of the significant wave can be calculated from, for example, the energy average wave height of the significant wave, the average period of the significant wave, and the water depth at each point.

  The significant wave bottom trajectory flow velocity amplitude acquisition unit 21 acquires the bottom wave trajectory flow velocity amplitude of the significant wave from the data storage unit 12. The significant wave bottom trajectory flow velocity amplitude suitability index acquisition unit 31 replaces, for example, the suitability index corresponding to the value of the bottom orbit flow velocity amplitude of the significant wave based on the suitability index model of the bottom wave trajectory flow amplitude of the significant wave described above. The aptitude index is stored in the aptitude index storage unit 41.

  The flow velocity vector absolute value average acquisition unit 22 acquires the average of the absolute values of the flow velocity vectors from the data storage unit 12. The flow velocity vector absolute value average aptitude index acquisition unit 32, for example, replaces the aptitude index corresponding to the average value of the absolute values of the flow velocity vector with the aptitude index based on the above-described average aptitude index model of the absolute value of the flow velocity vector. The index is stored in the aptitude index storage unit 41.

  The mean square unit 311 squares the bottom wave trajectory velocity amplitude suitability index and the velocity vector absolute value mean suitability index of the significant wave stored in the suitability index storage unit 41, and stores the numerical value in the suitability index storage unit 41. .

  About the bottom orbital flow velocity amplitude of the maximum significant wave, the bottom surface orbital velocity amplitude calculation unit 13 calculates the bottom orbital flow velocity amplitude of the maximum significant wave using the data stored in the data storage unit 12, Store in the data storage unit 12. The bottom significant orbit velocity velocity amplitude of the maximum significant wave can be calculated from, for example, the maximum significant wave height at each point, the average period when the maximum significant wave is generated, and the water depth.

  The maximum significant wave bottom orbit flow velocity amplitude acquisition unit 23 acquires the maximum significant wave bottom orbit flow velocity amplitude from the data storage unit 12. The maximum significant wave bottom orbit flow velocity amplitude suitability index acquisition unit 31, for example, the suitability corresponding to the value of the maximum significant wave bottom orbit flow velocity amplitude based on the maximum significant wave bottom orbit flow velocity amplitude suitability index model described above. The index is replaced with an index, and the aptitude index is stored in the aptitude index storage unit 41.

  The residual flow velocity acquisition unit 24 acquires an actual measurement value of the residual flow velocity or an estimated value calculated by a known method from the data storage unit 12. The residual flow velocity aptitude index acquisition unit 34, for example, replaces the aptitude index corresponding to the value of the residual flow velocity based on the above-described residual flow rate aptitude index model, and stores the aptitude index in the aptitude index storage unit 41. .

  The photon amount acquisition unit 25 acquires an actual measurement value of the photon amount or an estimated value calculated by a known method from the data storage unit 12. For example, the photon quantity suitability index obtaining unit 35 replaces the suitability index corresponding to the value of the photon quantity based on the above-described suitability index model of the photon quantity, and stores the suitability index in the suitability index storage unit 41.

  The habitat aptitude index calculating unit 42 calculates a habitat aptitude index using each aptitude index stored in the aptitude index storage unit 41, and stores the habitat aptitude index in the habitat aptitude index storage unit 43.

  The aptitude evaluation unit 5 is based on a single calculated Habitat aptitude index or a plurality of Habitat aptitude indices calculated comprehensively for each point with different position and / or depth by repeatedly performing the above processing. Assess suitability as a coral habitat. When the habitat suitability index is 0, it is evaluated as being unsuitable as a coral habitat, and between 0 and 1.0 excluding 0, the larger the numerical value, the higher the suitability as a coral habitat.

<About the coral reef regeneration method according to the present invention>
The present invention includes all coral reef regeneration methods including the step of establishing coral at a point evaluated as having high suitability as a coral habitat by the coral habitat suitability evaluation method or the coral habitat suitability evaluation system described above.

  For example, coral transplantation and coral settlement bases at points specified by location and depth, which are evaluated as having high suitability as coral habitats by the coral habitat suitability assessment method or coral habitat suitability assessment system described above. The installation rate of coral can greatly improve the coral colonization rate and the probability of coral reef regeneration.

  In addition, for example, it is possible to design an underwater structure suitable for coral growth by searching for a building location, direction, shape, etc. that are highly suitable for coral growth when designing an underwater structure. By constructing an underwater structure and transplanting coral and installing a coral settlement base there, it is possible to improve the coral colonization rate around the underwater structure and the probability of coral reef regeneration, It can also contribute to improving the beauty and scenery of the coast.

  In addition, even if the water depth at a point where the coral habitat suitability evaluation means according to the present invention is evaluated as being highly suitable as a coral habitat is shallower than the depth of the seabed, for example, By installing a wave block, etc., and performing coral transplantation, setting up a coral settlement base, etc., it will be possible to grow corals at the most appropriate water depth, coral colonization rate, and coral reef regeneration. Can improve the probability.

  In Example 1, a field survey of the harbor physical environment and coral coverage was conducted.

  We measured wave (wave height, period), current (velocity), photoquantity, and coral cover at four locations of tidal current and wave characteristics in Naha Port, Okinawa Prefecture. Each physical environmental factor was measured from June to July 2011, September to October 2011 (typhoon season), February to April 2012, and coral cover was observed in June 2012. Waves and waves are measured at a depth of 5 m, photon quantities are measured at St. 1 and St. 2 at a depth of 5 m, St. 4 at a depth of 3 m, 5 m, and 7 m, and coral coverage is observed at St. 1 and St. In .2, the water depth was 5m, and in St.3 and St.4, the water depth was 3m, 5m and 7m.

Based on the results, the significant wave bottom trajectory flow velocity amplitude (mean wave energy average) at each position of St.1 to St.4 is 0.17m / sec at St.1 and at St.2 at a water depth of 3m. 0.09m / sec, 0.47m / sec for St.3, 0.31m / sec for St.4, 0.12m / sec for St.1 at a depth of 5m, 0.06m / sec for St.2, 0.06m / sec for St.3 0.34m / sec, St.4 at 0.22m / sec, St.1 at 0.09m / sec at St.1, St.2 at 0.04m / sec, St.3 at 0.27m / sec, St.4 It was 0.18 m / sec. The maximum significant wave bottom orbit velocity amplitude at each position of St.1 to St.4 is 0.55m / sec at St.1, 0.19m / sec at St.2 and 1.94m at St.3 at a water depth of 5m. It was 0.88m / sec in / sec and St.4. The average absolute value of the velocity vector at each position of St.1 to St.4 is 1.97 cm / sec at St.1, 2.10 cm / sec at St.2 and 8.40 cm / sec at St.3 at a water depth of 5 m. It was 6.65 cm / sec in sec and St.4. The residual flow velocity at each position of St.1 to St.4 is 0.8 cm / sec for St.1, 1.0 cm / sec for St.2, 5.7 cm / sec for St.3, and 5.7 cm / sec at a water depth of 5 m. In 4, it was 4.75 cm / sec. The annual average photon quantity at each position of St.1 to St.4 is 121 μmol / sec / m ² for St.1, 161 μmol / sec / m ² for St.2, and 226 μmol / St for St.3 at a water depth of 5 m. It was 226 μmol / sec / m ² in sec / m ² and St.4.

  In addition, the coral coverage at the point of 3m depth at each position of St.1 to St.4 is 37% at St.3, 17% at St.4, and the coral coverage at the point of 5m depth is St. Coral coverage at a depth of 7m is 44% for St.3, 6% for St.4, 1% for .1, 0% for St.2, 39% for St.3, 14% for St.4 %Met.

  In Example 2, a habitat aptitude index model was constructed using the measured values of Example 1, known public data by the Okinawa General Secretariat of the Cabinet Office, and estimated values based on them.

  The aptitude index model of each physical environmental factor was created as follows.

  FIG. 3 is a suitability index model of the bottom wave trajectory velocity amplitude of the significant wave created in this example. First, the measured data and known public data of Example 1 were plotted with the horizontal axis as the bottom orbit velocity amplitude (m / sec) of the significant wave and the vertical axis (right side) as the coral coverage (%). Next, as a factor that the coral coverage differs in the vertical direction even at the same position, it is estimated that not only the influence of light but also the contribution ratio of wave orbital flow attenuation is large, and known findings such as Non-Patent Document 3 Referring to the vertical axis (left side) as the aptitude index, the aptitude index model of the significant wave bottom trajectory flow velocity amplitude was created based on the coral coverage based on the plot data. An amplitude of 0.6 to 0.85 m / sec was determined to be an optimum range (a suitability index of 1.0).

  FIG. 4 is a suitability index model of the bottom orbital velocity velocity amplitude of the maximum significant wave created in this example. First, the measured data and known public data of Example 1 were plotted with the horizontal axis as the bottom orbital velocity amplitude (m / sec) of the most significant wave and the vertical axis (right side) as the coral coverage (%). Next, with the vertical axis (left side) as the aptitude index, based on the plot data, from the viewpoint of wave resistance, it is determined that the coral is not damaged by waves at wave heights of 3.5 m or less. The optimal range (applicability index 1.0) was determined below / sec. On the other hand, it was judged that the coral was destroyed when the wave height was 5.0 m or more, and the case where the velocity of the bottom orbital velocity in this case was larger than 5.4 m / sec was determined as an inappropriate range for coral habitat (the aptitude index 0).

  FIG. 5 is an aptitude index model of the average of the absolute values of the flow velocity vectors created in this example. First, the measured data and known public data of Example 1 were plotted with the horizontal axis being the average (cm / sec) of the absolute value of the flow velocity vector and the vertical axis (right side) being the coral coverage (%). Next, the ordinate (left side) was the aptitude index, and the average of the absolute values of the flow velocity vectors of 12 to 20 cm / sec was determined within the optimum range (aptitude index 1.0) based on the plot data. In addition, based on the measured data and known public data, 5 cm / sec or less and 40 cm / sec or more were determined to be unsuitable ranges for coral habitat (aptitude index 0).

  FIG. 6 is an aptitude index model of the residual flow velocity created in this example. First, the measured data of Example 1 was plotted with the horizontal axis as the residual flow velocity (cm / sec) and the vertical axis (right side) as the coral coverage (%). Next, the vertical axis (left side) was the aptitude index, and the case where the residual flow velocity was larger than 6 cm / sec was determined as the optimal range (aptitude index 1.0) based on the plot data.

FIG. 7 is a suitability index model of the photon quantity created in this example. First, the measured data of Example 1 was plotted with the horizontal axis representing the annual average photon quantity (μmol / sec / m ² ) and the vertical axis (right side) representing the coral coverage (%). Next, the vertical axis (left side) is the aptitude index, and based on the plot data and known knowledge (Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5), the annual average photon amount of 110 to 2,000 μmol / sec / m ² is the optimal range (the aptitude index). 1.0).

  Using each aptitude index model shown in FIGS. 3 to 7, a model for calculating the habitat aptitude index by the formula shown in the above “Expression 7” was constructed.

  In Example 3, the effectiveness of the habitat suitability index model constructed in Example 2 was verified.

  As a result of verifying the correlation between the habitat aptitude index calculated from the actual measurement data at each observation position in Example 1 and the coral cover at each observation position, the correlation between the habitat aptitude index and the coral cover was high. This confirmed the effectiveness of the habitat aptitude index model.

The flowchart which shows the example of the coral habitat suitability evaluation method which concerns on this invention. The system block diagram which shows the example of the coral habitat suitability evaluation system which concerns on this invention. The suitability index model of the bottom surface orbital velocity amplitude of the significant wave created in Example 2. The suitability index model of the bottom orbit velocity velocity amplitude of the maximum significant wave created in Example 2. The aptitude index model of the average of the absolute value of the flow velocity vector created in Example 2. The suitability index model of the residual flow velocity created in Example 2. FIG. 3 is an aptitude index model of the photon amount created in Example 2. FIG.

Claims (5)

A coral habitat suitability evaluation method for evaluating the suitability as a coral habitat,
Calculate the bottom wave orbital velocity amplitude of the significant wave from the average energy height of the significant wave, the mean period of the significant wave, and the water depth at the candidate point specified by the position and water depth, obtained as an actual measurement value or an estimated value. And
Based on the applicability index model of the significant orbital bottom trajectory velocity amplitude prepared in advance by the correlation between the significant wave bottom orbit velocity amplitude at each point in the sea area and the coral coverage at that point. A procedure for obtaining a significant wave bottom surface orbital velocity amplitude suitability index by substituting the appropriate index corresponding to the value of the bottom wave orbital flow velocity amplitude of the meaningful wave,
Based on the appropriateness index model of the average of the absolute value of the velocity vector prepared in advance by the correlation between the average of the absolute value of the velocity vector at each point in the sea area and the coral coverage at that point, A procedure for obtaining a flow velocity vector absolute value average aptitude index by substituting the aptitude index corresponding to the average value of the absolute value of the flow velocity vector at the candidate point obtained as the estimated value;
Calculating a habitat suitability index using a numerical value obtained by squaring the significant wave bottom orbit flow velocity amplitude suitability index and the flow velocity vector absolute value average suitability index,
A coral habitat suitability evaluation method for evaluating the suitability based on the calculated habitat suitability index . (1) Obtain the maximum significant wave height at the candidate point, the average period at the time of occurrence of the maximum significant wave, and the bottom orbital velocity velocity amplitude of the maximum significant wave from the water depth obtained as an actual measurement value or an estimated value, Based on the suitability index model of the maximum significant wave bottom orbital velocity amplitude prepared in advance by the correlation between the maximum significant wave bottom orbit velocity amplitude at each point of the acquired sea area and the coral coverage at that point, A procedure for obtaining a maximum significant wave bottom orbital flow velocity amplitude suitability index by substituting with a suitability index corresponding to the value of the bottom significant orbital flow velocity amplitude of the maximum significant wave,
(2) Acquired as an actual measurement value or an estimated value based on a pre-established aptitude index model of the residual current velocity based on the correlation between the residual velocity at each point in the sea area and the coral coverage at that point. A procedure for obtaining a residual flow velocity suitability index by substituting a suitability index corresponding to the value of the residual flow velocity at the candidate point;
(3) Based on the photon quantum aptitude model created in advance by the correlation between the photon quantity at each point in the sea area and the coral coverage at that point obtained in advance, it was obtained as an actual measurement value or an estimated value. A procedure for obtaining a photon quantum suitability index by substituting a suitability index corresponding to the value of photon quantum at the candidate point,
Including any one or more of the above (1) to (3) ,
Said maximum significant wave bottom track velocity amplitude suitability index, the residual velocity suitability index, further coral habitat qualification of claim 1, wherein calculating the Habitat suitability index using one or more of the photon quantity suitability index Method. 3. The coral habitat suitability evaluation method according to claim 2 , comprising a procedure for calculating a habitat suitability index by a mathematical formula shown in “Expression 7”.

A coral reef regeneration method comprising the step of fixing coral at a point evaluated as having high suitability as a coral habitat by the coral habitat suitability evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 . A coral habitat suitability evaluation system for evaluating the suitability as a coral habitat,
The bottom surface of the significant wave using the energy average wave height, significant wave average period, and water depth data at the candidate points specified by the position and water depth, which are input as actual values or estimated values and stored. A bottom surface orbital flow velocity amplitude calculation unit for calculating an orbital flow velocity amplitude;
Pre-input and stored in the appropriate exponential model of significant wave bottom trajectory velocity amplitude of the significant wave at each point in the sea area created and stored in advance based on the correlation between corrugation coverage at that point Based on the significance index corresponding to the value of the bottom orbital flow velocity amplitude of the significant wave calculated by the bottom surface orbital velocity amplitude calculation unit,
Based on the appropriateness index model of the average of the absolute values of the velocity vectors previously created and stored by the correlation between the average of the absolute values of the velocity vectors at each point of the sea area that was previously input and stored and the coral coverage at that point A velocity vector absolute value average aptitude index acquisition unit that replaces the aptitude index corresponding to the average value of the absolute values of the flow velocity vectors at the candidate points that are input and stored as measured values or estimated values;
A Habitat suitability index calculating unit that calculates a Habitat suitability index using a numerical value obtained by squaring the acquired significant wave bottom surface orbital flow velocity amplitude suitability index and the flow velocity vector absolute value average suitability index, and ,
The coral habitat suitability evaluation system that evaluates the suitability based on the habitat suitability index calculated by the habitat suitability index calculator .

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