JP6178698B2 - Video encoding device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a video encoding apparatus that performs video encoding using motion prediction.

  MPEG-2, MPEG-4, and MPEG-4 / AVC are often used as video encoding technologies, and recently, HEVC, which is the next generation video encoding standard, is being standardized. In the video encoding standard before MPEG-2, encoding was performed using only pictures past from the encoded picture. However, from MPEG-2, by changing the order of pictures to be encoded, It is possible not only to refer to a past picture but also to use both a past picture and a future picture as reference pictures, thereby further improving the encoding efficiency. As a result, one target coding block is predicted using forward prediction referring to a past picture, backward prediction referring to a future picture, and an average value of pixels of a past reference picture and a future reference picture. It is necessary to perform coding by selecting the mode with the highest coding efficiency from the three modes of bi-directional prediction for performing the above. This is called bi-directional prediction, and a picture for which bi-directional prediction is performed is called a B picture.

  On the other hand, the coding block size defined in the video coding standard is increasing as it changes to MPEG-2, MPEG-4 / AVC, and HEVC. In MPEG-4 / AVC, encoded blocks of 4 × 4 pixels to 16 × 16 pixels are used, but in HEVC, encoded blocks of 4 × 4 pixels to 64 × 64 pixels are employed. In the motion prediction process of the video encoding device, as described above, it is necessary to determine a combination with good encoding efficiency from the combinations of the pre / post / bidirectional prediction and the encoding block size, and perform the encoding. The amount becomes enormous. In particular, for bi-directional prediction, the average value of the reference image for forward prediction and the reference image for backward prediction is calculated and used as a reference image for bi-directional prediction. Also, in an encoding apparatus that performs forward prediction / backward prediction independently or in parallel, the coding block size for forward prediction and the coding block size for backward prediction do not always match. However, there is a problem that the encoding efficiency is lowered because the bidirectional prediction cannot be evaluated.

  In order to solve such problems, as a method for improving the encoding efficiency of bidirectional prediction, a method for generating a prediction vector using temporal correlation of surrounding motion vectors and reducing the amount of motion vector codes (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).

JP 2011-166207 A

  In order to determine a motion vector for bidirectional prediction, first, a motion vector for forward prediction and backward prediction is calculated, and a bidirectional motion vector and one reference image for bidirectional prediction are generated based on both motion vectors. However, since the procedure for determining the optimal bi-directional prediction vector is general, there is a problem that a huge amount of calculation is required.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and is required for bi-directional prediction using a motion vector and prediction residual (difference between a target block image and a reference image) of forward prediction and backward prediction. It is an object of the present invention to provide a video encoding device that can reduce the amount of calculation required for determining a motion vector for bidirectional prediction without degrading encoding efficiency by estimating encoding cost.

  The present invention is a video encoding apparatus that uses temporal correlation of an input image, performs motion prediction in units of rectangular encoded blocks, and encodes the difference thereof. A forward prediction result is obtained by performing a motion prediction with a reference image of a direction, and a forward prediction means for calculating a forward prediction coding cost based on the forward prediction result, and the coding block temporally A backward prediction result is obtained by performing motion prediction with a backward reference image, a backward prediction means for calculating a backward prediction encoding cost based on the backward prediction result, the forward prediction result, and the Bidirectional predictive coding cost calculation means for calculating bi-directional predictive encoding cost from the backward predictive result, the forward predictive encoding cost, the backward predictive encoding cost, and the bidirectional predictive Characterized in that it comprises a coding mode determining means for determining a coding mode of the coding block based on the No. of cost.

  In the present invention, the forward prediction result is an estimated value of a code amount required to encode a sum of absolute values of a prediction residual signal and a coding mode, and the bidirectional predictive coding cost calculating means includes The bidirectional predictive coding cost is calculated using an absolute value sum and the estimated value.

  In the present invention, the forward prediction result is an estimated value of a code amount required to encode a sum of absolute values of coefficients obtained by Hadamard transform of a prediction residual signal and a coding mode, and the bidirectional predictive coding cost The calculating means calculates the bidirectional predictive coding cost using the absolute value sum and the estimated value.

  In the present invention, the backward prediction result is an estimated value of a code amount required to encode an absolute value sum of a prediction residual signal and a coding mode, and the bidirectional predictive coding cost calculating means includes the The bidirectional predictive coding cost is calculated using an absolute value sum and the estimated value.

  In the present invention, the backward prediction result is a sum of absolute values of coefficients obtained by Hadamard transform of a prediction residual signal and an estimated value of a code amount required to encode a coding mode, and the bidirectional predictive coding cost The calculating means calculates the bidirectional predictive coding cost using the absolute value sum and the estimated value.

  In the present invention, the forward prediction result is a first absolute value sum that is the absolute value sum of the forward prediction residual signal and an estimated value of a code amount required to encode the encoding mode. The backward prediction result is a second absolute value sum that is the sum of absolute values of the backward prediction residual signal and an estimated value of the code amount required to encode the encoding mode. The bi-directional predictive coding cost calculation means includes the first absolute value sum, the average value of the second absolute value sum, the first estimated value, and the second estimated value. The bi-directional predictive coding cost is calculated using the sum of.

  In the present invention, the forward prediction result is a first absolute value sum that is a sum of absolute values of coefficients obtained by Hadamard transform of the forward prediction residual signal, and an estimated value of a code amount required to encode the encoding mode. The backward prediction result is used to encode a second absolute value sum that is a sum of absolute values of coefficients obtained by Hadamard transform of the backward prediction residual signal and a coding mode. A second estimated value that is an estimated value of the required code amount, and the bidirectional predictive coding cost calculating means calculates the first absolute value sum, the average value of the second absolute value sum, and the first The bidirectional predictive coding cost is calculated using a sum of an estimated value and the second estimated value.

  In the present invention, the forward prediction result is a first absolute value sum that is the absolute value sum of the forward prediction residual signal and an estimated value of a code amount required to encode the encoding mode. The backward prediction result is a second absolute value sum that is the sum of absolute values of the backward prediction residual signal and an estimated value of the code amount required to encode the encoding mode. The bi-directional predictive coding cost calculation means calculates the smaller value of the first absolute value sum and the second absolute value sum, the first estimated value, and the second estimated value. The bi-directional predictive coding cost is calculated using a sum with a value.

  In the present invention, the forward prediction result is a first absolute value sum that is a sum of absolute values of coefficients obtained by Hadamard transform of the forward prediction residual signal, and an estimated value of a code amount required to encode the encoding mode. The backward prediction result is used to encode a second absolute value sum that is a sum of absolute values of coefficients obtained by Hadamard transform of the backward prediction residual signal and a coding mode. A second estimated value that is an estimated value of the required code amount, and the bidirectional predictive coding cost calculating means calculates a value that is smaller of the first absolute value sum and the second absolute value sum and the second The bidirectional predictive coding cost is calculated using a sum of an estimated value of 1 and the second estimated value.

  In the present invention, the forward prediction result is a first absolute value sum that is the absolute value sum of the forward prediction residual signal and an estimated value of a code amount required to encode the encoding mode. The backward prediction result is a second absolute value sum that is the sum of absolute values of the backward prediction residual signal and an estimated value of the code amount required to encode the encoding mode. The bi-directional predictive coding cost calculation means is configured to determine a larger value of the first absolute value sum and the second absolute value sum, the first estimated value, and the second estimated value. The bi-directional predictive coding cost is calculated using a sum with a value.

  In the present invention, the forward prediction result is a first absolute value sum that is a sum of absolute values of coefficients obtained by Hadamard transform of the forward prediction residual signal, and an estimated value of a code amount required to encode the encoding mode. The backward prediction result is used to encode a second absolute value sum that is a sum of absolute values of coefficients obtained by Hadamard transform of the backward prediction residual signal and a coding mode. A second estimated value that is an estimated value of the required code amount, and the bidirectional predictive coding cost calculating means calculates a value that is larger of the first absolute value sum and the second absolute value sum and the second The bidirectional predictive coding cost is calculated using a sum of an estimated value of 1 and the second estimated value.

  According to the present invention, in a video coding system that performs coding using motion prediction, the coding cost value of bidirectional prediction is estimated from the results of forward prediction and backward prediction, thereby reducing the coding efficiency. The effect that the amount of calculation required for bidirectional prediction can be reduced without doing this.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the video coding apparatus to which this invention is applied. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the inter prediction process part 102 shown in FIG.

  Hereinafter, a video encoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The “encoded block” used below is MPEG-2 or H.264. The H.264 / AVC standard indicates a macro block, and HEVC indicates a coding unit (CU) or a prediction unit (PU). FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a video encoding apparatus to which the present invention is applied. In the video encoding apparatus 100, in the present embodiment, the inter prediction processing unit 102 is a part different from the prior art, and the other part is H.264. It is the same as the conventional general apparatus configuration used as a video encoding apparatus such as H.264 / AVC or HEVC.

  The video encoding apparatus 100 receives a video signal to be encoded, divides a picture of the input video signal into blocks, encodes each block, and outputs the bit stream as an encoded stream. For this encoding, the prediction residual signal generation unit 103 obtains a difference between the input video signal and the prediction signal output from the intra prediction processing unit 101 or the inter prediction processing unit 102, and outputs it as a prediction residual signal. To do. The transform / quantization processing unit 104 performs orthogonal transform such as discrete cosine transform on the prediction residual signal, quantizes the transform coefficient, and outputs the quantized transform coefficient. The entropy encoding processing unit 105 performs entropy encoding on the quantized transform coefficient and outputs it as an encoded stream.

  On the other hand, the quantized transform coefficient is also input to the inverse quantization / inverse transform processing unit 106, where inverse quantization and inverse orthogonal transform are performed, and a prediction residual decoded signal is output. The decoded signal generation unit 107 adds the prediction residual decoded signal and the prediction signal output from the intra prediction processing unit 101 or the inter prediction processing unit 102, and generates a decoded signal of the encoding target block. This decoded signal is output to the loop filter processing unit 108 for use as a reference image by the inter prediction processing unit 102. The loop filter processing unit 108 performs a filtering process for reducing the coding distortion, and outputs the image after the filtering process to the inter prediction processing unit 102 as a reference image.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the inter prediction processing unit 102 shown in FIG. When the encoded picture is a bidirectional prediction picture, the original image and the decoded signal are input to the forward prediction processing unit 201 and the backward prediction processing unit 202, respectively, and are processed. Each of the forward prediction processing unit 201 and the backward prediction processing unit 202 outputs the calculated motion vector of the prediction result and the prediction residual signal to the bidirectional predictive coding cost calculation processing unit 203. The bi-directional predictive coding cost calculation processing unit 203 calculates a coding cost when bi-directional prediction is performed by a method described later, from the prediction result of the forward prediction processing unit 201 and the prediction result of the backward prediction processing unit 202. To do. Each of the forward prediction processing unit 201, the backward prediction processing unit 202, and the bidirectional prediction encoding cost calculation processing unit 203 outputs the calculated encoding cost of each mode to the encoding mode determination unit 204. The encoding mode determination unit 204 selects an optimum mode from each encoding cost, and outputs motion vector information and a prediction residual signal of the selected encoding mode.

  In the present embodiment, the bidirectional prediction encoding cost calculation processing unit 203 in FIG. 2 calculates the encoding cost of bidirectional prediction from the prediction results from the forward prediction processing unit 201 and the backward prediction processing unit 202. Thus, the amount of calculation is reduced while suppressing a decrease in encoding efficiency.

  There are several methods for determining the encoding mode. The most efficient method is a method in which even the actual encoding process is performed for each encoding mode, and the optimal encoding mode is determined by comparing the amount of generated codes. In this method, since the binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) process is repeatedly performed, the calculation amount is enormous. In addition, since binary arithmetic coding is difficult to perform in parallel, it is difficult to increase the processing speed even in software using hardware or a multi-core CPU.

Therefore, in hardware codecs and real-time software codecs, the sum of absolute values (SAD) of prediction residual signals or the sum of absolute values (SATD) of coefficients obtained by Hadamard transform of prediction residual signals, motion vectors, and other coding modes Is used to estimate the final generated code amount (COST) using the estimated code amount (hereinafter referred to as OHcost) when encoding. There are various calculation methods, but a general calculation method is an equation as shown in equation (1).
COST = SAD (orSATD) + λ × OHcost (1)
Here, λ is a weighting parameter (hereinafter the same) and is a value that varies depending on the quantization parameter (QP). This embodiment is also a method based on the premise of an encoding method for determining an encoding mode based on equation (1).

Next, a method for calculating the encoding cost of bidirectional prediction from the prediction result of forward prediction and the prediction result of backward prediction will be described. The first is a method of calculating the encoding cost of bidirectional prediction from the prediction result of forward prediction. When the absolute value sum of the prediction residual signal of the forward prediction is SAD_L0, the absolute value sum of the coefficient obtained by Hadamard transform of the prediction residual signal is SATD_L0, and the estimated code amount when the encoding mode is encoded is OHcost_L0. The encoding cost COST_Bi1 for bi-directional prediction can be expressed as in equation (2).
COST_Bi1 = SAD_L0 (orSATD_L0) × α + 2λ × OHcost_L0 (2)
Here, α represents a scaling coefficient (the same applies hereinafter). Since the cost value of bidirectional prediction uses a bidirectional motion vector, the code amount of the encoding mode is approximately doubled. However, since prediction with higher accuracy can be performed, the prediction residual signal is forward. It tends to be smaller than a prediction signal for prediction or backward prediction. Therefore, SAD (or SATD) correction is performed by doubling the term of OHcost and setting a coefficient of 1 or less to α. By calculating the encoding cost value for bidirectional prediction in this way, the amount of calculation is reduced without reducing the encoding efficiency.

The second is a method of calculating the encoding cost of bidirectional prediction from the prediction result of backward prediction. When the absolute value sum of the prediction residual signal of the backward prediction is SAD_L1, the absolute value sum of the coefficient obtained by Hadamard transform of the prediction residual signal is SATD_L1, and the estimated code amount when the encoding mode is encoded is OHcost_L1. The encoding cost COST_Bi2 for bi-directional prediction can be expressed as in equation (3).
COST_Bi2 = SAD_L1 (orSATD_L0) × α + 2λ × OHcost_L1 (3)
By calculating the encoding cost value for bidirectional prediction in this way, the amount of calculation is reduced without reducing the encoding efficiency.

The third method uses both the prediction results of the forward prediction and the backward prediction. The average of the absolute value sum of the prediction residual signal of the forward prediction and the absolute value sum of the prediction residual signal of the backward prediction is defined as the absolute value sum of the prediction residual signal of the bi-directional prediction. It is a method using the sum of. The same applies to the sum of absolute values of coefficients obtained by Hadamard transform of the prediction residual signal. Coding cost COST_Bi3 for bi-directional prediction can be expressed as in equations (4) and (5).
COST_Bi3 = (SAD_L0 + SAD_L1) / 2 × α + λ (OHcost_L0 + OHcost_L1) (4)
COST_Bi3 = (SATD_L0 + SATD_L1) / 2 × α + λ (OHcost_L0 + OHcost_L1) (5)
By calculating the encoding cost value for bidirectional prediction in this way, the amount of calculation is reduced without reducing the encoding efficiency.

The fourth is a method using the smaller one of the prediction residuals of the forward prediction and the backward prediction. The smaller of the absolute value sum of the prediction residual signal of the forward prediction and the absolute value sum of the prediction residual signal of the backward prediction is the absolute value sum of the prediction residual signal of the bidirectional prediction. It is a method using the sum of. The same applies to the sum of absolute values of coefficients obtained by Hadamard transform of the prediction residual signal. The bi-directional prediction encoding cost COST_Bi4 can be expressed as in Equation (6) and Equation (7).
COST_Bi4 = min (SAD_L0, SAD_L1) × α + λ (OHcost_L0 + OHcost_L1) (6)
COST_Bi4 = min (SATD_L0, SATD_L1) × α + λ (OHcost_L0 + OHcost_L1) (7)
Here, the function min is a function that selects and outputs a small value of two arguments. By calculating the encoding cost value for bidirectional prediction in this way, the amount of calculation is reduced without reducing the encoding efficiency.

The fifth method uses the larger prediction residual between forward prediction and backward prediction. The larger of the absolute value sum of the prediction residual signal of the forward prediction and the absolute value sum of the prediction residual signal of the backward prediction is defined as the absolute value sum of the prediction residual signal of the bidirectional prediction. It is a method using the sum of. The same applies to the sum of absolute values of coefficients obtained by Hadamard transform of the prediction residual signal. Coding cost COST_Bi5 for bi-directional prediction can be expressed as in equations (8) and (9).
COST_Bi5 = max (SAD_L0, SAD_L1) × α + λ (OHcost_L0 + OHcost_L1) (8)
COST_Bi5 = max (SATD_L0, SATD_L1) × α + λ (OHcost_L0 + OHcost_L1) (9)
Here, the function max is a function that selects and outputs a larger value of the two arguments. By calculating the encoding cost value for bidirectional prediction as described above, the amount of calculation is reduced without reducing the encoding efficiency.

  As described above, a video encoding apparatus that performs motion prediction in units of rectangular encoding blocks (macroblocks, coding units, or prediction units) using temporal correlation of input images and encodes the difference between them. , The motion prediction between the encoded block and the temporally forward reference image is performed, the motion prediction between the encoded block and the temporally backward reference image is performed, and the forward motion prediction result and the backward motion image are Encoding by calculating the bi-directional motion prediction result from the motion prediction result and determining the coding mode of the coding block based on the forward predictive coding cost, backward predictive coding cost and bi-directional predictive coding cost The amount of computation required for bidirectional prediction can be reduced without reducing the efficiency.

  You may make it implement | achieve the video encoding apparatus 100 in embodiment mentioned above with a computer. In that case, a program for realizing this function may be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and the program recorded on this recording medium may be read into a computer system and executed. Here, the “computer system” includes an OS and hardware such as peripheral devices. The “computer-readable recording medium” refers to a storage device such as a flexible medium, a magneto-optical disk, a portable medium such as a ROM and a CD-ROM, and a hard disk incorporated in a computer system. Furthermore, the “computer-readable recording medium” dynamically holds a program for a short time like a communication line when transmitting a program via a network such as the Internet or a communication line such as a telephone line. In this case, a volatile memory inside a computer system serving as a server or a client in that case may be included and a program held for a certain period of time. Further, the program may be for realizing a part of the functions described above, and may be a program capable of realizing the functions described above in combination with a program already recorded in the computer system. It may be realized using hardware such as PLD (Programmable Logic Device) or FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention has been described with reference to drawings, the said embodiment is only the illustration of this invention, and it is clear that this invention is not limited to the said embodiment. is there. Therefore, additions, omissions, substitutions, and other modifications of the components may be made without departing from the technical idea and scope of the present invention.

  The present invention can be applied to a video encoding device and a video encoding program in which the amount of calculation required for motion prediction processing and encoding mode determination processing is limited.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Video coding apparatus, 101 ... Intra prediction process part, 102 ... Inter prediction process part, 103 ... Prediction residual signal generation part, 104 ... Transformation / quantization process part, 105 ... Entropy encoding unit, 106 ... Inverse quantization / inverse transformation processing unit, 107 ... Decoded signal generation unit, 108 ... Loop filter processing unit, 201 ... Forward prediction processing unit, 202 ... backward prediction processing unit, 203 ... bi-directional predictive coding cost calculation processing unit, 204 ... coding mode determining unit

Claims (4)

A video encoding device that uses temporal correlation of an input image, performs motion prediction in units of rectangular encoded blocks, and encodes the difference between them,
A forward prediction unit that obtains a forward prediction result by performing motion prediction between the encoded block and a temporally reference image, and calculates a forward prediction coding cost based on the forward prediction result; ,
A backward prediction means for obtaining a backward prediction result by performing motion prediction between the coding block and a temporally backward reference image, and calculating a backward prediction coding cost based on the backward prediction result; ,
Bi-directional predictive coding cost calculating means for calculating bi-directional predictive encoding cost from the forward prediction result and the backward prediction result;
Coding mode determining means for determining a coding mode of the coding block based on the forward prediction coding cost, the backward prediction coding cost, and the bidirectional prediction coding cost ,
The forward prediction result is a first estimated value that is an overhead cost when the first absolute value sum that is the absolute value sum of the forward prediction residual signal and a motion vector or other encoding modes are encoded. Yes,
The backward prediction result is a second estimated value that is an overhead cost when a second absolute value sum that is the absolute value sum of the backward prediction residual signal and a motion vector or other encoding modes are encoded. Yes,
The bi-directional predictive coding cost calculation means uses a sum of a smaller value of the first absolute value sum and the second absolute value sum, the first estimated value, and the second estimated value. video encoding apparatus characterized that you calculate the bidirectional predictive coding cost Te. A video encoding device that uses temporal correlation of an input image, performs motion prediction in units of rectangular encoded blocks, and encodes the difference between them,
A forward prediction unit that obtains a forward prediction result by performing motion prediction between the encoded block and a temporally reference image, and calculates a forward prediction coding cost based on the forward prediction result; ,
A backward prediction means for obtaining a backward prediction result by performing motion prediction between the coding block and a temporally backward reference image, and calculating a backward prediction coding cost based on the backward prediction result; ,
Bi-directional predictive coding cost calculating means for calculating bi-directional predictive encoding cost from the forward prediction result and the backward prediction result;
Coding mode determining means for determining a coding mode of the coding block based on the forward prediction coding cost, the backward prediction coding cost, and the bidirectional prediction coding cost ,
The forward prediction result is the overhead cost when the first absolute value sum that is the absolute value sum of the coefficients obtained by Hadamard transform of the forward prediction residual signal and the motion vector and other encoding modes are encoded. Is an estimated value of 1,
The backward prediction result is the overhead cost when the second absolute value sum that is the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients obtained by Hadamard transform of the backward prediction residual signal and the motion vector and other encoding modes are encoded. Is an estimated value of 2,
The bi-directional predictive coding cost calculation means uses a sum of a smaller value of the first absolute value sum and the second absolute value sum, the first estimated value, and the second estimated value. video encoding apparatus characterized that you calculate the bidirectional predictive coding cost Te. A video encoding device that uses temporal correlation of an input image, performs motion prediction in units of rectangular encoded blocks, and encodes the difference between them,
A forward prediction unit that obtains a forward prediction result by performing motion prediction between the encoded block and a temporally reference image, and calculates a forward prediction coding cost based on the forward prediction result; ,
A backward prediction means for obtaining a backward prediction result by performing motion prediction between the coding block and a temporally backward reference image, and calculating a backward prediction coding cost based on the backward prediction result; ,
Bi-directional predictive coding cost calculating means for calculating bi-directional predictive encoding cost from the forward prediction result and the backward prediction result;
Coding mode determining means for determining a coding mode of the coding block based on the forward prediction coding cost, the backward prediction coding cost, and the bidirectional prediction coding cost ,
The forward prediction result is a first estimated value that is an overhead cost when the first absolute value sum that is the absolute value sum of the forward prediction residual signal and a motion vector or other encoding modes are encoded. Yes,
The backward prediction result is a second estimated value that is an overhead cost when a second absolute value sum that is the absolute value sum of the backward prediction residual signal and a motion vector or other encoding modes are encoded. Yes,
The bi-directional predictive coding cost calculation means uses a sum of the larger one of the first absolute value sum and the second absolute value sum, the first estimated value, and the second estimated value. And calculating the bi-directional predictive coding cost . A video encoding device that uses temporal correlation of an input image, performs motion prediction in units of rectangular encoded blocks, and encodes the difference between them,
A forward prediction unit that obtains a forward prediction result by performing motion prediction between the encoded block and a temporally reference image, and calculates a forward prediction coding cost based on the forward prediction result; ,
A backward prediction means for obtaining a backward prediction result by performing motion prediction between the coding block and a temporally backward reference image, and calculating a backward prediction coding cost based on the backward prediction result; ,
Bi-directional predictive coding cost calculating means for calculating bi-directional predictive encoding cost from the forward prediction result and the backward prediction result;
Coding mode determining means for determining a coding mode of the coding block based on the forward prediction coding cost, the backward prediction coding cost, and the bidirectional prediction coding cost ,
The forward prediction result is the overhead cost when the first absolute value sum that is the absolute value sum of the coefficients obtained by Hadamard transform of the forward prediction residual signal and the motion vector and other encoding modes are encoded. Is an estimated value of 1,
The backward prediction result is the overhead cost when the second absolute value sum that is the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients obtained by Hadamard transform of the backward prediction residual signal and the motion vector and other encoding modes are encoded. Is an estimated value of 2,
The bi-directional predictive coding cost calculation means uses a sum of the larger one of the first absolute value sum and the second absolute value sum, the first estimated value, and the second estimated value. video encoding apparatus characterized that you calculate the bidirectional predictive coding cost Te.

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