JP6239976B2 - Method and extractant for extracting substances from biological materials - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は生物材料から物質を抽出する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for extracting substances from biological materials.
医薬品、香味料、香料、農薬、染料等は、合成品および天然物のいずれも水溶性が乏しい。従って、抽出、精製、管理はより極性の低い溶剤、例えばアルコール、アセトン、酢酸エチル、クロロホルム等を使用して行なう必要がある。そのような溶剤はいくつかの問題例えば、製造者/患者/消費者に対する毒性、環境問題、爆発等を生じる。 Pharmaceuticals, flavors, fragrances, agricultural chemicals, dyes, and the like are poor in water solubility in both synthetic products and natural products. Therefore, extraction, purification, and management must be performed using a less polar solvent such as alcohol, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and the like. Such solvents cause several problems such as toxicity to manufacturers / patients / consumers, environmental problems, explosions, and the like.
イオン液体(ionic liquids)は、種々の化学プロセスにおいて使用されている従来の揮発性有機溶剤にとって代わる、環境に優しくかつ安全な代替物であるといえる。イオン液体が環境に優しい(green)溶剤であると考えられる理由は、蒸気圧が無視し得るからである。しかしながら、イオン液体には隠れた環境コストがかかっていることが考えられる。というのはイオン液体は石油化学資源から合成されるからである。多数の合成ルートには、ハロゲンが関与している。イオン液体中にハロゲン材料が存在するのは望ましくないが、その理由としては、加水分解に対する安全性が低いこと、毒性が高いこと、生分解性が低いこと、および廃棄する際のコストが高いことが挙げられる。例えば、PF6 −およびBF4 −のようなフッ化物アニオンは水に反応しやすく、腐食性かつ毒性のあるフッ化水素を放出することがある。さらに、多くのイオン液体の合成に用いられるアルキルハライド(alkyl halides)は温室効果ガスおよびオゾン層破壊物質である。 Ionic liquids can be considered an environmentally friendly and safe alternative to conventional volatile organic solvents used in various chemical processes. The reason that ionic liquids are considered green solvents is that vapor pressure is negligible. However, the ionic liquid may have hidden environmental costs. This is because ionic liquids are synthesized from petrochemical resources. Many synthetic routes involve halogens. The presence of halogen materials in ionic liquids is not desirable because of low safety against hydrolysis, high toxicity, low biodegradability, and high cost of disposal. Is mentioned. For example, fluoride anions such as PF 6 - and BF 4 - are sensitive to water and may release corrosive and toxic hydrogen fluoride. Furthermore, alkyl halides used in the synthesis of many ionic liquids are greenhouse gases and ozone depleting substances.
イオン液体も安全な溶剤であると考えられる理由は、イオン液体が揮発性でないため身体との直接接触または吸入による以外の暴露の可能性が大いに減少するからである。しかしながら、もっとも一般的なイオン液体は、普通の有機溶剤と比べて刺激性を有し、毒性を有する。生物試験から明らかになったのは、イオン液体の毒性は主にカチオンの種類によって決まり、かつカチオンに短鎖アルキル置換基を有するイオン液体は通常毒性が低いということである。 The reason that ionic liquids are also considered to be safe solvents is that ionic liquids are not volatile, so the potential for exposure other than direct contact with the body or by inhalation is greatly reduced. However, the most common ionic liquids are irritating and toxic compared to common organic solvents. Biological studies revealed that the toxicity of ionic liquids is mainly determined by the type of cation, and ionic liquids having a short-chain alkyl substituent on the cation are usually less toxic.
上述の課題に対する解決策は、ハロゲンを含まないイオン液体、例えばアルキルサルフェート(alkyl sulfates)、アルキルカーボネート(alkyl carbonates)、スルホネート(sulfonates)のアニオンを有するイオン液体を開発することである。アルキル側鎖にエステル基を有するイオン液体のうちのあるものが生分解性であることが発見された。しかしながら、これらのイオン液体は依然として石油化学資源を用いて合成されている。 The solution to the above problem is to develop halogen-free ionic liquids, for example ionic liquids with anions of alkyl sulfates, alkyl carbonates, sulfonates. It has been discovered that some of the ionic liquids having an ester group on the alkyl side chain are biodegradable. However, these ionic liquids are still synthesized using petrochemical resources.
国際出願第WO2006/116126号公報明細書には、バイオマスからイオン液体を用いてバイオポリマーを抽出する方法が記載されている。一般に、上述の国際出願に記載されているイオン液体は石油化学製品である。抽出されるバイオポリマーはキチン(chitin)、キトサン(chitosan)、コラーゲン(collagen)およびケラチン(keratin)である。ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート(polyhydroxyalkanoates)は遺伝子組み換え植物から抽出される。 International application WO2006 / 116126 describes a method for extracting biopolymers from biomass using ionic liquids. In general, the ionic liquids described in the above-mentioned international applications are petrochemical products. The extracted biopolymers are chitin, chitosan, collagen and keratin. Polyhydroxyalkanoates are extracted from genetically modified plants.
上述のように、天然資源から有機化合物を抽出する改良された方法であって、有機溶剤または他の合成物質を使用する必要のないものが必要とされている。 As mentioned above, there is a need for an improved method for extracting organic compounds from natural resources that does not require the use of organic solvents or other synthetic materials.
さらに、真に「環境に優しい」(‘green’)と考えられる、すなわち天然化合物のみを用いた方法が必要とされている。 Furthermore, there is a need for a process that is considered to be truly “green”, ie, using only natural compounds.
本発明は、ある特定の自然界の物質が生物資源から物質を抽出するのに好適に使用することができるという予想外の事実に基づいている。これらの物質は天然起源の深共融(deep eutectic)溶剤(もしくは混合物)または天然起源のイオン液体である。 The present invention is based on the unexpected fact that certain natural substances can be suitably used to extract substances from biological resources. These materials are naturally occurring deep eutectic solvents (or mixtures) or naturally occurring ionic liquids.
深共融溶剤は共融混合物を形成する2つの化合物のそれぞれの融点よりも低い融点を有する液体である。一般に、それらは種々の第4アンモニウム塩(quaternary ammonium salts)とカルボン酸との間に形成される。深共融現象が2003年に最初に報告されたのは塩化コリン(choline chloride)と尿素(urea)の1:2モル比混合物についてであった。塩化コリンの他の深共融溶剤はフェノールおよびグリセロールを用いて形成される。深共融溶剤は多くの金属塩、例えば塩化リチウム(lithium chloride)および酸化銅(II)(copper oxide (II))を溶解することができる。また、安息香酸(benzoic acid)やセルロース(cellulose)のような有機化合物は深共融溶剤に対する溶解度が高い。通常の溶剤に比べると、共融溶剤は揮発性が非常に低く、かつ非引火性である。それらはイオン液体と多くの性質が共通しているが、それらはイオン性混合物であり、イオン性化合物ではない。
A deep eutectic solvent is a liquid having a lower melting point than the respective melting points of the two compounds forming the eutectic mixture. In general, they are formed between various quaternary ammonium salts and carboxylic acids. The deep eutectic phenomenon was first reported in 2003 for a 1: 2 molar ratio mixture of choline chloride and urea. Another deep eutectic solvent for choline chloride is formed using phenol and glycerol. Deep eutectic solvents can dissolve many metal salts, such as lithium chloride and copper oxide (II). In addition, organic compounds such as benzoic acid and cellulose have high solubility in deep eutectic solvents. Compared to ordinary solvents, eutectic solvents have very low volatility and are non-flammable. Although they share many properties with ionic liquids, they are ionic mixtures, not ionic compounds.
これに対して、クエン酸コリン(choline citrate)は真のイオン液体である。この化合物は、クエン酸を水に溶解し、次いでメタノール中に2:1の比で溶解した水酸化コリン(choline hydroxide)を添加することにより形成された。溶剤(水およびメタノール)を蒸発させた。生成物のクエン酸コリンはやや黄色味を帯びた粘稠性液体であり、固体ではなかった。クエン酸コリンはおそらく最初に発見された天然に存在するイオン液体である。 In contrast, choline citrate is a true ionic liquid. The compound was formed by dissolving citric acid in water and then adding choline hydroxide dissolved in a 2: 1 ratio in methanol. Solvent (water and methanol) was evaporated. The product choline citrate was a slightly yellowish viscous liquid and not a solid. Choline citrate is probably the first naturally occurring ionic liquid discovered.
イオン類に加えて、糖に基づく液体も深共融溶剤であり得る。
In addition to ions, sugar- based liquids can also be deep eutectic solvents.
本発明により提供されるのは、生物材料から物質を抽出する方法であって、天然に存在する生物材料を、天然起源の深共融溶剤または天然起源のイオン液体を用いて処理して、天然起源の生物抽出物が前記溶剤または前記イオン液体中に溶解された溶液を生成することを特徴とする方法である。 Provided by the present invention is a method of extracting a substance from a biological material, wherein the naturally occurring biological material is treated with a naturally occurring deep eutectic solvent or a naturally occurring ionic liquid to produce a natural material. A method characterized in that the biological extract of origin produces a solution dissolved in the solvent or the ionic liquid.
意外にも、天然起源の深共融溶剤(本明細書中に定義されている)および天然のイオン液体は生物材料に対する好適な抽出剤であることが見出された。これらの抽出剤は非常に効率がよく、選択性に富み、また天然起源であるため、生物材料から成分を抽出するための非常に効率的でありかつ好適であり、効率的な方法となり、収率がよい。深共融混合物およびイオン液体の融点は好ましくは25℃未満である。材料は、従って、好ましくは環境温度において液体である。 Surprisingly, it has been found that naturally occurring deep eutectic solvents (as defined herein) and natural ionic liquids are suitable extractants for biological materials. These extractants are very efficient, highly selective, and of natural origin, so they are very efficient and suitable for extracting components from biological materials, become an efficient method and yield. Good rate. The melting point of the deep eutectic mixture and the ionic liquid is preferably less than 25 ° C. The material is therefore preferably liquid at ambient temperature.
本発明において使用される好適な深共融溶剤、すなわち、天然起源の材料の混合物は少なくとも2種の混合物に基づいており、実質的に化学結合またはイオン結合を持たない。上記溶剤の第1の成分は、好ましくは、少なくとも1種の天然に存在する有機酸、または塩のような無機化合物から選ばれる。
Suitable deep eutectic solvents for use in the present invention, i.e. mixtures of naturally occurring materials, are based on at least two mixtures and are substantially free of chemical or ionic bonds. The first component of the solvent is preferably selected from at least one naturally occurring organic acid or an inorganic compound such as a salt.
第2の成分は、好ましくは、少なくとも1種の天然に存在する単糖もしくは二糖、糖アルコール、アミノ酸、ジ−もしくはトリアルカノール(di or tri alkanol)またはコリン誘導体、例えばコリンもしくはホスファチジルコリン(phosphatidyl choline)から選ばれる。 The second component is preferably at least one naturally occurring mono- or disaccharide, sugar alcohol, amino acid, di- or trialkanol or choline derivative such as choline or phosphatidyl choline. ).
前記糖または糖アルコールは、スクロース(sucrose)、グルコース(glucose)、フラクトース(fructose)、ラクトース(lactose)、マルトース(maltose)、セロビオース(cellobiose)、アラビノース(arabinose)、リボース(ribose)、リブロース(ribulose)、ガラクトース(galactose)、ラムノース(rhamnose)、ラフィノース(raffinose)、キシロース(xylose)、マンノース(mannose)、トレハロース(trehalose)、マンニトール(mannitol)、ソルビトール(sorbitol)、イノシトール(inositol)、リビトール(ribitol)、ガラクチトール(galactitol)、エリスリトール(erythritol)、キシリトール(xyletol)およびアドニトール(adonitol)、並びにそれらのリン酸塩から選ばれてもよい。
The sugar or sugar alcohol may be sucrose, glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose, cellobiose, arabinose, ribose, ribulose (rirose). ), Galactose, rhamnose, raffinose, xylose , mannose , trehalose, mannitol, sorbitol, inolitol, inositol ), Galactitol (gal ctitol), erythritol (erythritol), xylitol (xyletol) and adonitol (adonitol), and may be selected from those of phosphate.
前記有機酸は、リンゴ酸(malic acid)、マレイン酸(maleic acid)、クエン酸(citric acid)、乳酸(lactic acid)、ピルビン酸(pyruvic acid)、フマール酸(fumaric acid)、コハク酸(succinic acid)、酢酸(acetic acid)、アコニチン酸(aconitic acid)、酒石酸(tartaric acid)、マロン酸(malonic acid)、アスコルビン酸(ascorbic acid)、グルクロン酸(glucuronic acid)、蓚酸(oxalic acid)、ノイラミン酸(neuraminic acid)、およびシアール酸(sialic acid)から選ばれる。
The organic acid is malic acid (malic acid), maleic acid (Maleic acid), citric acid (citric acid), lactic acid (lactic acid), pyruvate (Pyruvic acid), fumaric acid (fumaric acid), succinic acid (Succinic acid, acetic acid, aconitic acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, ascorbic acid, glucuronic acid, oxalic acid, oxalic acid, oxalic acid It is selected from acids (neuraminic acid) and sialic acid (sialic acid).
一般に、イオン液体または深共融溶剤は塩素/塩化物を含まないのが好ましい。 In general, the ionic liquid or deep eutectic solvent is preferably free of chlorine / chloride.
ある溶剤は、水、フェノール類のようなさらなる成分を追加的に含んでいてもよい。これらの追加の化合物は一般に少量、例えば5重量%未満の量で存在する。 Some solvents may additionally contain additional components such as water, phenols. These additional compounds are generally present in small amounts, for example less than 5% by weight.
無機化合物の好適な例は、リン酸塩、硫酸塩、亜硫酸塩およびハロゲン化物(halogenides)、例えばNaH2PO4、Na2HPO4,NaHSO3、Na2SO4,CaCl2,MgCl2,KCl、NaClおよびKIである。 Suitable examples of inorganic compounds are phosphates, sulfates, sulfites and halides, such as NaH 2 PO 4 , Na 2 HPO 4 , NaHSO 3 , Na 2 SO 4 , CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 , KCl , NaCl and KI.
深共融溶剤の具体例は下記の表に示されているが、蜂蜜、メープルシロップ、ネクター(花蜜)も抽出溶剤(糖を主体とし、少量のフェノール化合物(phenolics)および少量のアミノ酸)として使用できる深共融溶剤の例である。 Specific examples of deep eutectic solvents are shown in the table below, but honey, maple syrup, and nectar (flower nectar) are also used as extraction solvents (mainly sugar, small amounts of phenolic compounds and small amounts of amino acids). This is an example of a deep eutectic solvent that can be produced.
好適なイオン液体は、アニオンとしては、リンゴ酸(malic acid)、マレイン酸(maleic acid)、クエン酸(citric acid)、乳酸(lactic acid)、酒石酸(tartaric acid)、グルコサミン(glucosamine)、グルクロン酸(glucuronic acid)、ノイラミン酸(neuraminic acid)およびシアール酸(sialic acid)から成る群より選ばれる天然に存在するアニオンに基づいている。
Suitable ionic liquids, as the anion, malic acid (malic acid), maleic acid (Maleic acid), citric acid (citric acid), lactic acid (lactic acid), tartaric acid (tartaric acid), glucosamine (glucosamine), glucuronic acid Based on a naturally occurring anion selected from the group consisting of (glucuronic acid), neuraminic acid and sialic acid.
上述のイオン液体は、さらに、カチオンとしては、コリン(choline)、ベタイン(betaine)、ベタニン(betanine)、γ−アミノ酪酸(gamma−aminobutyric acid)、ベタライン(betalaine)、アセチルコリン(acetylcholine)、グルコサミン(glucosamine)、グルタミン(glutamine)、グルタメート(glutamate)、アスパラギン(asparagine)、アスパラギン酸(aspartic acid)、アラニン(alanine)、リジン(lysine)、アルギニン(arginine)、プロリン(proline)、スレオニン(threonine)、プトレシン(putrescine)、カダベリン(cadaverine)、およびコリン誘導体(choline derivatives)から成る群より選ばれる天然に存在するカチオンに基づいている。
Further, the ionic liquid may further include cations such as choline, betaine, betanin, γ-aminobutyric acid, betaline, acetylcholine, and glucosamine (cations). glucosamine, glutamine, glutamate, asparagine, aspartic acid, alanine, lysine, arginine, reline, proline Putrescine, cadaverine (cad) averine), and consisting of choline derivative (choline Derivatives) are based on the cation present in the naturally selected from the group.
さらに好適な実施形態において、上述のイオン液体はクエン酸コリンである。 In a further preferred embodiment, the ionic liquid is choline citrate.
深共融溶剤およびイオン液体の成分比は上記溶剤または液体の2以上の構成成分の構造によって決まる。 The component ratio of the deep eutectic solvent and the ionic liquid is determined by the structure of two or more components of the solvent or liquid.
深共融溶剤については、前記の2つの成分が等モル比で存在する場合が多い。しかしながら、他のモル比も見られる。一般に、モル比は整数で表される。これらの比は1:1〜4:1である。 For deep eutectic solvents, the two components are often present in an equimolar ratio. However, other molar ratios are also found. In general, the molar ratio is expressed as an integer. These ratios are 1: 1 to 4: 1.
イオン液体は、定義上、アニオンとカチオンの塩であり、従って、それらの比はイオンの価数によって決まる。 An ionic liquid is, by definition, a salt of an anion and a cation, so their ratio depends on the valence of the ion.
下記表1および表2において、深共融溶剤(des)の組成と性質、並びに若干の溶解度データが示される。 In Tables 1 and 2 below, the composition and properties of the deep eutectic solvent (des) and some solubility data are shown.
本発明は生物製品からの物質の抽出に関する。もっとも広い範囲においては、生物起源のすべての材料を使用することができる。好適な例は植物、昆虫、動物または微生物である。 The present invention relates to the extraction of substances from biological products. In the widest range all materials of biological origin can be used. Suitable examples are plants, insects, animals or microorganisms.
本発明の方法を用いて、これらの材料から非常に多くの種類の製品を単離することができる。特に、抽出されまたは溶解された物質は、フラボノイド(flavonoids)(例えば、ルチン(rutin)およびケルセチン(quercetin))、アントシアニン(anthocyanin)、色素(colorant)、アルカロイド(alkaloid)、テルペノイド(terpenoid)、フェニルプロパノイド(phenylpropanoid)、グリコシド(glycoside)、フェノール化合物、例えば桂皮酸(cinnamic acid)、ギンコライド(ginkgolide)、カルタミン(carthamin)、アントラキノン(anthraquinone)、パクリタクセル(paclitaxel)、タキソイド(taxoid)、リグナン(lignan)、クマリン(coumarin)、桂皮酸誘導体、アザジラクチン(azadirachtin)、アルテミシニン(artimisinin)、ホップ苦味酸(hop bitter acid)、カンナビノイド(cannabinoid)、バニリン(vanillin)、ポリケチド(polyketide)、色素(colorant)、香味料(flavor)、香料(fragrance)、染料(dye)、殺生物剤(biocide)、あるいはこれらの化合物の任意の混合物である。タンパク、トキシン(toxins)、ワクチン(vaccins)、DNA、RNAおよび多糖類(polysaccharides)を適切な資源から抽出することができる。 Using the method of the present invention, a great many types of products can be isolated from these materials. In particular, the extracted or dissolved substances include flavonoids (eg, rutin and quercetin), anthocyanins, colorants, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenyls Propanoid, glycoside, phenolic compounds such as cinnamic acid, ginkgolide, carthamin, anthraquinone, paclitaxel, paclitaxel, paclitaxel, paclitaxel ), Coumarin (coum) rin), cinnamic acid derivatives, azadirachtin, artimisinin, hop bitter acid, cannabinoid, vanillin, polyketol, flavour, flavour, t ), A fragrance, a dye, a biocide, or any mixture of these compounds. Proteins, toxins, vaccines, DNA, RNA and polysaccharides can be extracted from appropriate resources.
特に、本発明は天然資源、すなわち遺伝子操作されていないものからの天然物質の抽出に関する。さらに好適な一実施形態において、上に列挙された非重合性化合物のような、有益な種々の物質が、このように抽出または溶解される。非重合性化合物は、アミノ酸や糖のような、同じ部分(モノマー)または同じ種類のモノマーの3個以上の反復ユニットを含まない化合物として定義される。 In particular, the present invention relates to the extraction of natural materials from natural resources, ie those that have not been genetically manipulated. In a further preferred embodiment, a variety of beneficial substances, such as the non-polymerizable compounds listed above, are thus extracted or dissolved. Non-polymerizable compounds are defined as compounds that do not contain three or more repeating units of the same moiety (monomer) or the same type of monomer, such as amino acids and sugars.
これらの非重合性化合物は、例えば食品、医薬品、化粧品および農薬に好適な中間体または製品である。特に、植物から香味料(flavors)や香料(fragrance)を、バニラ(vanilla)からバニリン(vanillin)を、唐辛子(Capsicum)からカプサイシン(capsaicin)を、ホップからホップ苦味酸(hop bitter acids)を、大麻(cannabis)からカンナビノイド(cannabinoids)を、ニーム(neem)(インドセンダン)植物材料からアザジラクチン(azadirachtin)を、イチイ(Taxus)植物材料からパクタクセル(paclitaxel)を、よもぎ(Artemisia)植物材料からアルテミシニン(artimisinin)を、ニチニチソウ(Catharanthus)からアルカロイド(alkaloids)を、芥子(Papaver)植物材料からモルヒネ(morphine)およびコデイン(codeine)を、ナス科(Solanacea)植物材料からアトロピン(atropine)およびヒヨスチアミン(hyoscyamine))を、アマリリス科(Amaryllidaceae)植物からガランタミン(galanthamine)を、植物材料から抗酸化剤を、微生物から抗生物質を、植物および微生物から着色剤(colorant)を、植物材料からフラボノイド(flavonoids)を、花からアントシアニン(anthocyanins)およびカロチノイド(carotenoids)を、植物から精油をそれぞれ抽出するのが好ましい。 These non-polymerizable compounds are suitable intermediates or products, for example for foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and agricultural chemicals. In particular, flavors and fragrances from plants, vanilla to vanillin, capsicum from capsaicin, hop bitter acids from hops, Cannabinoids from cannabis, azadirachtin from neem plant material, axadirachtin from Taxus plant material, paclitaxel from wormwood (Artemisia planta material) Artimisinin, Alkaloids from Catharanthus, 芥Morphine and codeine from Papaver plant material, atropine and hyoscyamine from Solanacea plant material, and gallantaceamine e galanthaminal plant From plant materials, antibiotics from microorganisms, colorants from plants and microorganisms, flavonoids from plant materials, anthocyanins and carotenoids from flowers, plants It is preferable to extract the essential oil from each.
別の実施形態において、特定の重合性化合物、例えばRNA、DNA、酵素、トキシン、ワクチンのようなタンパク材料(ただしケラチン(keratin)、エラスチン(elastin)およびコラーゲン(collagen)は除く)、または多糖類(polysaccharaides)(ただし、キチン(chitin)およびキトサン(chitosan)は除く)が抽出または溶解される。抽出または溶解するのに好ましい多糖類はレンチナン(lentinan)、ヘパリン(heparin)、ヒアルロナン(hyaluronan)、アルギネート(alginate)、寒天、デンプン、およびイヌリン(inuline)である。抽出された物質は、次いでイオン液体または深共融溶剤から単離することができる。溶液をそのままさらなる工程に使用することも可能である。その一例は、イオン液体または共融溶剤に溶解された抽出酵素を酵素反応に使用することである。これらの反応は次いで前記溶剤または液体中で行なわれる。一例として、ラッカーゼ(laccase)反応がある。 In another embodiment, certain polymerizable compounds such as RNA, DNA, enzymes, toxins, protein materials such as vaccines (except keratin, elastin and collagen) or polysaccharides (Polysaccharades) (except chitin and chitosan) are extracted or dissolved. Preferred polysaccharides for extraction or dissolution are lentinan, heparin, hyaluronan, alginate, agar, starch, and inulin. The extracted material can then be isolated from the ionic liquid or deep eutectic solvent. It is also possible to use the solution as it is for further steps. One example is the use of an extracted enzyme dissolved in an ionic liquid or eutectic solvent for the enzymatic reaction. These reactions are then carried out in the solvent or liquid. An example is a laccase reaction.
以下の実施例に基づいて、本発明を説明する。
The present invention will be described based on the following examples.
まず、水不溶性の天然製品について選択された若干の深共融溶剤に対する溶解度を測定した。数種類のフラボノイドが天然の水不溶性の製品として選ばれたが、その理由はそれらが最も豊富に存在する水溶性の植物二次代謝産物であるからである。現在までに500種類を超えるフラボノイドが知られている。これらのフラボノイドの多くは植物中にグリコシド(glycoside)の形で(糖の分子に結合された形で)存在する。植物材料中の存在量が大きい代わりに、グリコシドおよびアグリコン(aglycon)(非糖)部分のいずれも水に不溶性である。従って、モデル研究として、水に対する溶解度が非常に低いケルセチン(quercetin)(アグリコン)、ケルシトリン(quercitrin)(ケルセチン−3−O−ラムノシド)(quercetin−3−O−rhamnoside)およびルチン(rutin)(ケルセチン−3−O−ラムノグルコシド)(quercetin−3−O−rhamnoglucoside)の溶解度を、天然に存在する深共融溶剤に対して測定した。これらのフラボノイドの構造は下記の通りである。 First, the solubility in some deep eutectic solvents selected for water-insoluble natural products was measured. Several flavonoids have been chosen as natural water-insoluble products because they are the most abundant water-soluble plant secondary metabolites. To date, over 500 flavonoids are known. Many of these flavonoids exist in plants in the form of glycosides (linked to sugar molecules). Instead of high abundance in plant material, both glycoside and aglycon (non-sugar) moieties are insoluble in water. Therefore, as a model study, quercetin (aglycone), quercitrin (quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside) and rutin (quercetin) with very low water solubility The solubility of (-3-O-rhamnoglucoside) (quercetin-3-O-rhamnoglucoside) was measured against naturally occurring deep eutectic solvents. The structure of these flavonoids is as follows.
下記の表に示すように、3種類のフラボノイドは天然の深共融溶剤によく溶解し、それらの溶解度は水に対する溶解度と比べると2〜4桁高いことが見出された。 As shown in the table below, the three flavonoids were found to be well soluble in natural deep eutectic solvents, and their solubility was found to be 2 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than the solubility in water.
フラボノイドおよび関連するアントシアニンの溶解度を確認するために、赤いバラの花を天然に存在するイオン液体中で抽出した。赤色の代謝産物は表皮細胞に局在していることが観察された。 To confirm the solubility of flavonoids and related anthocyanins, red rose flowers were extracted in naturally occurring ionic liquids. It was observed that red metabolites were localized in epidermal cells.
深共融溶剤フラクトース/グルコース/リンゴ酸(1:1:1モル比)を用いて抽出を行なった結果、花から色が抜けて深共融溶剤相に移った。花の構造は無傷のまま残り、自然の構造が破壊されていなかった。
As a result of extraction using the deep eutectic solvent fructose / glucose / malic acid (1: 1: 1 molar ratio), the color disappeared from the flower and moved to the deep eutectic solvent phase. The flower structure remained intact and the natural structure was not destroyed.
Claims (14)
生物材料を深共融溶剤からなる抽出剤を用いて処理して前記深共融溶剤に溶解した生物抽出物を生成し、その際に前記深共融溶剤は、少なくとも1種類の有機酸と、少なくとも1種類の単糖もしくは二糖、糖アルコール、アミノ酸、ジ−もしくはトリアルカノールと、場合によってさらに水との組み合わせのみに基づくものであるか、あるいはフラクトース、グルコースおよびスクロース、および場合によってさらに水の組合せのみに基づくものであるか、またはラクトースおよびグルコース、および場合によってさらに水の組合のみに基づくものであるか、またはモル比5/4:1:8のCaCl 2 、グルコースおよび水の組合のみに基づくものであり、前記深共融溶剤において、前記有機酸は非合成の天然物である有機酸であり、前記単糖もしくは二糖、糖アルコール、アミノ酸、ジ−もしくはトリアルカノールは非合成の天然物である単糖もしくは二糖、糖アルコール、アミノ酸、ジ−もしくはトリアルカノールであることを特徴とする方法。 A method for extracting an organic compound from a biological material,
A biological material is treated with an extractant comprising a deep eutectic solvent to produce a biological extract dissolved in the deep eutectic solvent, wherein the deep eutectic solvent comprises at least one organic acid , Based solely on the combination of at least one mono- or disaccharide, sugar alcohol, amino acid, di- or trialkanol and optionally further water, or fructose, glucose and sucrose and optionally further water or those based only on a combination, or lactose and glucose, and optionally der even more based only on union water by Luca, or molar ratio 5/4: 1: CaCl 2 for 8, only combination of glucose and water is based on the in depth eutectic solvent, wherein the organic acid is an organic acid is a natural product of non-synthetic, the single Or disaccharide, sugar alcohol, amino acid, di - wherein the a or trialkanolamines - or trialkanolamines are non-synthetic a natural product monosaccharide or disaccharide, sugar alcohol, amino acid, di-.
前記生物抽出物は非重合性化合物であり、食品用途、医薬品用途、化粧品用途、化学品用途または農薬用途における中間体または製品として使用可能なものである方法。 The method of claim 1, comprising:
The method wherein the biological extract is a non-polymerizable compound and can be used as an intermediate or product in food use, pharmaceutical use, cosmetic use, chemical use or agricultural use.
前記生物抽出物は、重合性化合物であり、RNA、DNA、タンパク、トキシン、ワクチン、および多糖類から成る群より選択される方法。 The method of claim 1, comprising:
The biological extract is a polymerizable compound and is selected from the group consisting of RNA, DNA, protein, toxin, vaccine, and polysaccharide.
前記単糖もしくは二糖または前記糖アルコールは、スクロース、グルコース、フラクトース、ラクトース、マルトース、セロビオース、アラビノース、リボース、リブロース、ガラクトース、ラムノース、ラフィノース、キシロース、マンノース、トレハロース、マンニトール、ソルビトール、イノシトール、キシリトール、リビトール、ガラクチトール、エリスリトール、およびアドニトール、並びにそれらのリン酸塩から選択される方法。 A method according to any one of claims 1-3,
The monosaccharide or disaccharide or the sugar alcohol is sucrose, glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose, cellobiose, arabinose, ribose, ribulose, galactose, rhamnose, raffinose, xylose, mannose, trehalose, mannitol, sorbitol, inositol, xylitol, A method selected from ribitol, galactitol, erythritol, and adonitol, and their phosphates.
前記有機酸は、リンゴ酸、マレイン酸、クエン酸、乳酸、ピルビン酸、フマール酸、コハク酸、酢酸、アコニチン酸、酒石酸、マロン酸、アスコルビン酸、グルクロン酸、蓚酸、ノイラミン酸、およびシアール酸から選択される方法。 A method according to any one of claims 1-4,
The organic acid is malic acid, maleic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, aconitic acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, ascorbic acid, glucuronic acid, succinic acid, neuraminic acid, and sialic acid. The method chosen.
前記抽出剤中にさらに水が存在する方法。 The method of claim 1, comprising:
A method wherein water is further present in the extractant.
前記深共融溶剤は融点が25℃未満である方法。 The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , comprising:
The deep eutectic solvent has a melting point of less than 25 ° C.
前記生物抽出物は、前記深共融溶剤から回収される方法。 A method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , comprising
The method wherein the biological extract is recovered from the deep eutectic solvent.
前記生物材料は植物、昆虫、動物または微生物に基づくものである方法。 A method according to any one of claims 1-8 ,
A method wherein the biological material is based on plants, insects, animals or microorganisms.
前記抽出物は、フラボノイド(例えば、ルチンおよびケルセチン)、アントシアニン、色素、アルカロイド、テルペノイド、フェニルプロパノイド、グリコシド、フェノール化合物、ギンコライド、カルタミン、アントラキノン、パクリタクセル、タキソイド、リグナン、クマリン、アザジラクチン、アルテミシニン、ホップ苦味酸、カンナビノイド、バニリン、ポリケチド、香味料、香料、染料、殺生物剤、あるいはこれらの化合物の任意の混合物である方法。 The method of claim 9 , comprising:
The extracts are flavonoids (eg rutin and quercetin), anthocyanins, pigments, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, ginkgolides, carthamins, anthraquinones, paclitaxel, taxoids, lignans, coumarins, azadirachtin, artemisinin, hops A process that is a bitter acid, cannabinoid, vanillin, polyketide, flavor, fragrance, dye, biocide, or any mixture of these compounds.
前記抽出物は、桂皮酸である方法。 The method of claim 10 , comprising:
The method wherein the extract is cinnamic acid.
前記深共融溶剤は、モル比1:1:1:11のフラクトース、グルコース、スクロース、および水、モル比5:1:2のラクトース、グルコースおよび水、モル比1:1:3のリンゴ酸、アラニンおよび水、またはモル比1:1:3のリンゴ酸、プロリンおよび水に基づくものである方法。 A method according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , comprising
The deep eutectic solvent comprises fructose, glucose, sucrose and water in a molar ratio 1: 1: 1: 11, lactose, glucose and water in a molar ratio 5: 1: 2 and malic acid in a molar ratio 1: 1: 3. , Alanine and water, or a molar ratio of 1: 1: 3 based on malic acid, proline and water .
前記深共融溶剤は、少なくとも1種類の有機酸と、少なくとも1種類の単糖もしくは二糖、糖アルコール、アミノ酸、ジ−もしくはトリアルカノールと、場合によってさらに水との組み合わせのみに基づくものであるか、あるいはフラクトース、グルコースおよびスクロース、および場合によってさらに水の組合せのみに基づくものであるか、またはラクトースおよびグルコース、および場合によってさらに水の組合せのみに基づくものであるか、またはモル比5/4:1:8のCaCl 2 、グルコースおよび水の組合のみに基づくものであり、前記深共融溶剤において、前記有機酸は非合成の天然物である有機酸であり、前記単糖もしくは二糖、糖アルコール、アミノ酸、ジ−もしくはトリアルカノールは非合成の天然物である単糖もしくは二糖、糖アルコール、アミノ酸、ジ−もしくはトリアルカノールである抽出剤。 An extractant comprising a deep eutectic solvent and used to produce a biological extract of an organic compound dissolved in the deep eutectic solvent,
The deep eutectic solvent is based solely on a combination of at least one organic acid , at least one mono- or disaccharide, sugar alcohol, amino acid, di- or trialkanol, and optionally further water. or, alternatively fructose, glucose and sucrose, and further either be based only on the combination of water optionally or lactose and glucose, and optionally der even more based only on the combination of water by Luca, or the molar ratio 5 / 4: 1: 8 based on a combination of CaCl 2 , glucose and water, and in the deep eutectic solvent, the organic acid is a non-synthetic natural organic acid, and the monosaccharide or disaccharide , Sugar alcohol, amino acid, di- or trialkanol are non-synthetic natural products Disaccharides, sugar alcohols, amino acids, di - or extractant is tri alkanol.
前記深共融溶剤は、モル比1:1:1:11のフラクトース、グルコース、スクロース、および水、モル比5:1:2のラクトース、グルコースおよび水、モル比1:1:3のリンゴ酸、アラニンおよび水、またはモル比1:1:3のリンゴ酸、プロリンおよび水に基づくものである抽出剤。 An extractant according to claim 13 ,
The deep eutectic solvent comprises fructose, glucose, sucrose and water in a molar ratio 1: 1: 1: 11, lactose, glucose and water in a molar ratio 5: 1: 2 and malic acid in a molar ratio 1: 1: 3. , Alanine and water or an extractant which is based on malic acid, proline and water in a molar ratio of 1: 1: 3.
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| US11311708B2 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2022-04-26 | Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc. | Microneedle array assembly and fluid delivery apparatus having such an assembly |
| US11745002B2 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2023-09-05 | Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc. | Microneedle array assembly and fluid delivery apparatus having such an assembly |
| KR20220095933A (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2022-07-07 | 주식회사 아데니스 | Highly viscous composition containing ammonium for skin protection, its manufacturing process and its application |
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| US20130149322A1 (en) | 2013-06-13 |
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| US9441146B2 (en) | 2016-09-13 |
| EP2575993B1 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
| AU2011262613B2 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
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