JP6242565B2 - 電気透析法における廃棄物の流れからベタインを回収する方法 - Google Patents
電気透析法における廃棄物の流れからベタインを回収する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6242565B2 JP6242565B2 JP2011548598A JP2011548598A JP6242565B2 JP 6242565 B2 JP6242565 B2 JP 6242565B2 JP 2011548598 A JP2011548598 A JP 2011548598A JP 2011548598 A JP2011548598 A JP 2011548598A JP 6242565 B2 JP6242565 B2 JP 6242565B2
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- betaine
- waste stream
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- electrodialysis
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- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 51
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 title claims description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O N,N,N-trimethylglycinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 title 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N (R)-carnitine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](O)CC([O-])=O PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- JHPNVNIEXXLNTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCCC([O-])=O JHPNVNIEXXLNTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000029422 Hypernatremia Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyric acid Chemical compound OCCCC(O)=O SJZRECIVHVDYJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229940006015 4-hydroxybutyric acid Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- RMQJECWPWQIIPW-OWOJBTEDSA-N 4-hydroxy-crotonic acid Chemical compound OC\C=C\C(O)=O RMQJECWPWQIIPW-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTWLEDIMOQVWDF-IHWYPQMZSA-N (z)-2-hydroxybut-2-enoic acid Chemical compound C\C=C(/O)C(O)=O RTWLEDIMOQVWDF-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010796 biological waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/422—Electrodialysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/58—Multistep processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C227/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C227/38—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C227/40—Separation; Purification
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- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
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- C13B20/16—Purification of sugar juices by physical means, e.g. osmosis or filtration
- C13B20/165—Purification of sugar juices by physical means, e.g. osmosis or filtration using membranes, e.g. osmosis, ultrafiltration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/027—Nanofiltration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/147—Microfiltration
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- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
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- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
- C02F2103/36—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds
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Description
好ましくは、前記ベタインは、4−ブチロベタインおよびL−カルニチンからなる群より選択される。
本発明による生成物は、好ましくは、水によく溶ける。
ED処理を実施するために使用される装置は、10組の64cm2のPES膜を有するスタックを備えたED小設備(ミニプラント)からなる。実験はバッチモード(batch-mode)で行ったが、連続操作モード(continuous operation mode)でも実施可能である。3つのポンプにより、濃縮液(廃水の流れ)、希釈液(生成物の流れ)および電解液(補助的な(service)流れ)を膜スタックに循環させる。これら3つの流れは、3つのロタメーターにより調節され、測定される。
商業的規模のED設備の廃棄物の流れを、ナノろ過パイロットプラントで処理した。商業的な4インチの渦巻き型膜モジュール(Kochmembranes Type TFC-SR-3, 膜面積7.9m2)を使用し、500kgの廃棄物の流れを126kgに濃縮した。初期の温度は23℃であり、実験の間は44℃に調節した。初期の圧力は14barであり、実験の間は30bar以下に調節した。サンプルを、保持液(濃縮物)および浸透液(廃水)から取り出した。ブチロベタインの濃度は、初期の2.6重量%から8.4重量%に上昇した。保持は、濃縮段階の過程の間に80〜100%であることが計算された。4−ヒドロキシ酪酸の保持は、濃縮段階の過程の間に30〜95%であることが計算された。塩化ナトリウムは、実験過程の間に膜に保持されなかった。
実験室規模の上述したED設備の廃棄物の流れを、実験室規模のナノろ過パイロットプラントで処理した。0.02m2の膜面積を有するNittoDenkoのフラットシート膜タイプNTR-729HG S4Fを使用して、2.648 kgの廃棄物の流れを0.835 kgに濃縮した。実験の間、温度を23℃とした。圧力は32barとした。サンプルを、保持液(濃縮物)および浸透液(廃水)から取り出した。浸透液におけるL−カルニチンの濃度は、初期の1.3重量%から3.3重量%に上昇した。保持は、濃縮段階の過程の間に80〜100%であることが計算された。(E)−4−ヒドロキシクロトン酸の保持は、濃縮段階の過程の間に30〜95%であることが計算された。塩化ナトリウムは、実験過程の間に膜に保持されなかった。
ナノろ過プロセスをEDの廃棄物の流れの後処理として使用し、保持された生成物をED
にリサイクルした場合、L−カルニチンの全収率は、比較例に示した88%から98%に
著しく上昇した。
以下に、本願発明に実施態様を付記する。
1. ベタイン製造方法における電気透析法(ED)の廃棄物の流れからベタインを回収するための方法であって、前記廃棄物の流れを圧駆動式の膜プロセスで処理する方法。
2. 1に記載の方法であって、前記ベタインは、4−ブチロベタインおよびL−カルニチンからなる群より選択される方法。
3. 1または2に記載の方法であって、前記廃棄物の流れは塩を含む方法。
4. 1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、前記回収されたベタインは、EDユニットに戻される方法。
5. 1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、回収ユニットにおいて適用される膜は、所望のベタインを可能な限り高い程度で保持し、塩の保持を最小化する方法。
6. 5に記載の方法であって、前記ベタインの保持は、1〜100%の範囲であり、より好ましくは50〜100%の範囲であり、さらにより好ましくは80〜100%の範囲であり、最も好ましくは100%である方法。
7. 5に記載の方法であって、前記塩の保持は、好ましくは100%未満、より好ましくは0〜50%の範囲、最も好ましくは0〜10%の範囲である方法。
8. 1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、前記膜は、高分子膜、セラミック膜、または特別な有機溶媒を固定する高分子膜である方法。
9. 1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、回収されたベタインは、第2のEDユニットに向けられる方法。
Claims (6)
- ベタイン製造方法における電気透析法(ED)の廃棄物の流れからベタインを回収するための方法であって、前記廃棄物の流れを、ナノ濾過膜であるKochmembranes Type TFC-SR-3, 膜面積7.9m2またはNittoDenkoのフラットシート膜タイプNTR-729HG S4F膜面積0.02m2を使用して、ナノ濾過で処理する方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法であって、前記ベタインは、4−ブチロベタインおよびL−カルニチンからなる群より選択される方法。
- 請求項1または2に記載の方法であって、前記廃棄物の流れは塩を含む方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、前記回収されたベタインは、EDユニットに戻される方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、回収ユニットにおいて適用される膜は、所望のベタインを保持し、塩の保持を最小化する方法。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、回収されたベタインは、第2のEDユニットに向けられる方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14989309P | 2009-02-04 | 2009-02-04 | |
| US61/149,893 | 2009-02-04 | ||
| EP09001502A EP2216088A1 (en) | 2009-02-04 | 2009-02-04 | Recovery of product losses from ED waste streams |
| EP09001502.5 | 2009-02-04 | ||
| PCT/EP2010/000655 WO2010089095A1 (en) | 2009-02-04 | 2010-02-03 | Process for the recovery of betaines from electrodialysis waste streams |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015227840A Division JP2016117710A (ja) | 2009-02-04 | 2015-11-20 | 電気透析法における廃棄物の流れからベタインを回収する方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2012516862A JP2012516862A (ja) | 2012-07-26 |
| JP6242565B2 true JP6242565B2 (ja) | 2017-12-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011548598A Active JP6242565B2 (ja) | 2009-02-04 | 2010-02-03 | 電気透析法における廃棄物の流れからベタインを回収する方法 |
| JP2015227840A Withdrawn JP2016117710A (ja) | 2009-02-04 | 2015-11-20 | 電気透析法における廃棄物の流れからベタインを回収する方法 |
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| JP2015227840A Withdrawn JP2016117710A (ja) | 2009-02-04 | 2015-11-20 | 電気透析法における廃棄物の流れからベタインを回収する方法 |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9415346B2 (ja) |
| EP (2) | EP2216088A1 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP6242565B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101728562B1 (ja) |
| CN (2) | CN104587836A (ja) |
| AR (1) | AR075242A1 (ja) |
| HK (1) | HK1207025A1 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW201031603A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2010089095A1 (ja) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10252923B2 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2019-04-09 | Evoqua Water Technologies Llc | Method and system for water treatment |
| US10213744B2 (en) * | 2006-06-13 | 2019-02-26 | Evoqua Water Technologies Llc | Method and system for water treatment |
| JP6333275B2 (ja) | 2012-11-16 | 2018-05-30 | ロンザ・リミテッド | ベタインを含む組成物を脱色するための方法 |
| FR3026104B1 (fr) | 2014-09-19 | 2017-11-17 | Tetrahedron | Procede d'obtention de la l-hercynine pure |
| CN104805225B (zh) * | 2015-04-02 | 2018-02-27 | 广西大学 | 一种原生态黑糖的加工方法 |
| US20180056242A1 (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-01 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Combined electrodialysis and pressure membrane systems and methods for processing water samples |
| CN106823814A (zh) * | 2017-02-09 | 2017-06-13 | 纳晶科技股份有限公司 | 纳米晶体溶液的纯化装置、纯化方法与纯化系统 |
| JP7154277B2 (ja) | 2017-08-21 | 2022-10-17 | エヴォクア ウォーター テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | 農業用および飲料用の塩水の処理 |
| US12180103B2 (en) | 2017-08-21 | 2024-12-31 | Evoqua Water Technologies Llc | Treatment of saline water for agricultural and potable use and for generation of disinfectant solution |
| CN110550707A (zh) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-12-10 | 温州捷朴环保科技有限公司 | 一种带有中间电极的电渗析水处理装置 |
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| DE3419724A1 (de) | 1984-05-26 | 1985-11-28 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur gewinnung waessriger carnitin- bzw. carnitinamid-loesungen |
| DE3446695A1 (de) * | 1984-12-21 | 1986-06-26 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur aufkonzentrierung waessriger loesungen von organischen verbindungen, die salze enthalten, unter gleichzeitiger verringerung des salzgehaltes |
| CH664374A5 (de) * | 1985-02-27 | 1988-02-29 | Lonza Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von l-carnitin auf mikrobiologischem weg. |
| JPH0776204B2 (ja) * | 1988-07-01 | 1995-08-16 | 寳酒造株式会社 | スパガリン類の精製法 |
| IT1243991B (it) * | 1990-10-30 | 1994-06-28 | Ionics Italba Spa | Procedimento per la depurazione dell'acqua mediante una combinazione di unita' di separazione a membrane e relativo impianto |
| IT1248741B (it) * | 1991-02-26 | 1995-01-26 | Bracco Spa | Processo di concentrazione e di purificazione di composti organici |
| JP2887105B2 (ja) * | 1996-04-24 | 1999-04-26 | 幸子 林 | 飲料水および塩の製造方法および製造装置 |
| DE19634640A1 (de) * | 1996-08-27 | 1998-03-05 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Reinigung von Lösungen, die Betain enthalten, durch Elektrodialyse und mittels eines Kationenaustauschermoduls |
| US6017433A (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 2000-01-25 | Archer Daniels Midland Company | Desalting aqueous streams via filled cell electrodialysis |
| JP4452341B2 (ja) * | 1999-01-13 | 2010-04-21 | 雪印乳業株式会社 | L−カルニチン剤 |
| DK1366198T3 (da) * | 2000-12-28 | 2012-03-19 | Danisco | Fremgangsmåde til separation |
| FI20021251A0 (fi) * | 2002-06-26 | 2002-06-26 | Finnfeeds Finland Oy | Menetelmä betaiinin talteenottamiseksi |
| WO2004013048A2 (en) * | 2002-08-02 | 2004-02-12 | University Of South Carolina | Production of purified water and high value chemicals from salt water |
| DE10320368A1 (de) * | 2003-05-07 | 2004-11-25 | Süd-Chemie AG | Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von nitrathaltigen Abwässern |
| AT504206B8 (de) * | 2006-12-19 | 2008-09-15 | Gruene Bioraffinerie At Gmbh | Verfahren zur behandlung eines stoffstromes |
| TWI400223B (zh) * | 2007-11-16 | 2013-07-01 | Lonza Ag | 製備甜菜鹼的方法 |
| JP2009280504A (ja) * | 2008-05-19 | 2009-12-03 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | カルニチンの製造方法 |
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- 2010-02-03 CN CN201410729393.XA patent/CN104587836A/zh active Pending
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- 2010-02-03 CN CN201080006621.0A patent/CN102307651B/zh active Active
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| JP2012516862A (ja) | 2012-07-26 |
| EP2393578B1 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
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| HK1207025A1 (en) | 2016-01-22 |
| WO2010089095A1 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
| CN104587836A (zh) | 2015-05-06 |
| US20120035394A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
| KR101728562B1 (ko) | 2017-04-19 |
| EP2393578A1 (en) | 2011-12-14 |
| CN102307651A (zh) | 2012-01-04 |
| JP2016117710A (ja) | 2016-06-30 |
| AR075242A1 (es) | 2011-03-16 |
| CN102307651B (zh) | 2015-03-18 |
| KR20110112859A (ko) | 2011-10-13 |
| US9415346B2 (en) | 2016-08-16 |
| HK1163584A1 (en) | 2012-09-14 |
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