JP6249564B2 - Method for evaluating the quality of fly ash, fly ash for concrete, and method for producing fly ash mixed cement - Google Patents
Method for evaluating the quality of fly ash, fly ash for concrete, and method for producing fly ash mixed cement Download PDFInfo
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- JP6249564B2 JP6249564B2 JP2014070333A JP2014070333A JP6249564B2 JP 6249564 B2 JP6249564 B2 JP 6249564B2 JP 2014070333 A JP2014070333 A JP 2014070333A JP 2014070333 A JP2014070333 A JP 2014070333A JP 6249564 B2 JP6249564 B2 JP 6249564B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Description
本発明は、コンクリート用混和材やセメント用混合材として用いるフライアッシュの品質を評価する方法、特にコンクリートの流動性に及ぼすフライアッシュの影響を評価する方法等に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for evaluating the quality of fly ash used as an admixture for concrete and an admixture for cement, and more particularly to a method for evaluating the effect of fly ash on the fluidity of concrete.
コンクリート用フライアッシュの品質規格であるＪＩＳ Ａ ６２０１「コンクリート用フライアッシュ」は、強熱減量、粉末度、フロー値、および各種コンクリート用混和剤との相性に大きく影響する未燃炭素量を代替する指標として強熱減量等を基に、フライアッシュを４つの品質に区分している。そして、該ＪＩＳの「解説」において、標準的なフライアッシュはII種に位置付けられている。 JIS A 6201 “Fly ash for concrete”, the quality standard for fly ash for concrete, replaces the amount of unburned carbon that greatly affects ignition loss, fineness, flow value, and compatibility with various concrete admixtures. Based on the loss on ignition, etc. as an index, fly ash is classified into four qualities. In the JIS “commentary”, standard fly ash is classified as type II.
元来、フライアッシュは球状の微粒子であるため、コンクリートに用いるとボールベアリング作用により、コンクリートの流動性が改善して単位水量の低減効果があるとされていた。しかし、II種の規格を満足する標準的なフライアッシュでも、コンクリートでは良好な流動性を生じさせない場合があることから、コンクリートの流動性を管理するためのフライアッシュの品質管理項目が求められている。 Originally, fly ash is a spherical fine particle, and when used in concrete, the fluidity of the concrete is improved by the ball bearing action, and the unit water volume is reduced. However, even standard fly ash that satisfies Class II standards may not produce good fluidity in concrete, so fly ash quality control items are required to manage the fluidity of concrete. Yes.
かかる状況から、特許文献１では、コンクリート用混和剤の量を、少なくとも３種類以上変化させてなる試験ペーストを用いてフロー試験を実施し、該試験結果から流動性を評価するフライアッシュの品質評価方法が提案されている。しかし、前記品質評価方法はコンクリートの試し練りを、混和剤使用量を指標にペーストで代替するものであり、フライアッシュの品質管理項目を提供しているものではない。
Under such circumstances, in
本発明は、コンクリートの流動性を低下させないフライアッシュを簡便に判定することができる、フライアッシュの品質評価方法を提供することを目的とする。 An object of this invention is to provide the quality evaluation method of a fly ash which can determine easily the fly ash which does not reduce the fluidity | liquidity of concrete.
そこで、本発明者はフライアッシュの品質評価方法について鋭意検討した結果、フライアッシュ粒子の周囲長に対する該フライアッシュ粒子の包絡周囲長の比（包絡周囲長／周囲長の比であり、以下「周囲長包絡度」という。）を用いれば、コンクリートの流動性を低下させないフライアッシュを簡便に判定できることを見い出し、本発明を完成させた。すなわち、本発明は下記の構成を有するフライアッシュの品質評価方法等である。 Therefore, as a result of intensive investigations on the quality evaluation method of fly ash, the present inventor has found that the ratio of the envelope perimeter of the fly ash particles to the perimeter of the fly ash particles (the ratio of the envelope perimeter to the perimeter). It has been found that fly ash that does not decrease the fluidity of concrete can be easily determined by using “long envelope”.) The present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention is a fly ash quality evaluation method having the following configuration.
［１］周囲長包絡度に基づき、該フライアッシュを用いたコンクリートの流動性を評価する、フライアッシュの品質評価方法。
［２］周囲長包絡度が０．８未満であるフライアッシュ粒子の含有割合に基づき、該フライアッシュを用いたコンクリートの流動性を評価する、前記［１］に記載のフライアッシュの品質評価方法。
［３］（Ａ）フライアッシュ粒子の包絡周囲長および周囲長の計測工程、および（Ｂ）フライアッシュの品質判定工程を少なくとも含む、前記［１］または［２］に記載のフライアッシュの品質評価方法。
［４］フライアッシュ粒子の周囲長に対する該フライアッシュ粒子の包絡周囲長の比が、０．８未満であるフライアッシュ粒子の含有割合が、個数割合で１．４％以上、および体積割合で１０．２体積％以上である、コンクリート用フライアッシュ。
［５］セメントと、フライアッシュ粒子の周囲長に対する該フライアッシュ粒子の包絡周囲長の比が、０．８未満であるフライアッシュ粒子の含有割合が、個数割合で１．４％以上、および体積割合で１０．２体積％以上であるフライアッシュとを混合する、フライアッシュ混合セメントの製造方法。
[1] A method for evaluating the quality of fly ash, which evaluates the fluidity of concrete using the fly ash based on the perimeter length envelope.
[2] The quality evaluation method for fly ash according to [1], wherein the fluidity of concrete using the fly ash is evaluated based on the content ratio of fly ash particles having a perimeter envelope of less than 0.8. .
[3] The fly ash quality evaluation according to [1] or [2], including at least an envelope circumference and a circumference length measurement step of (A) fly ash particles, and (B) a fly ash quality determination step. Method.
[4] The content ratio of the fly ash particles in which the ratio of the envelope ash length of the fly ash particles to the fly ash particles is less than 0.8 is 1.4% or more in number ratio and 10 in volume ratio. . Fly ash for concrete that is 2% by volume or more .
[5] The content ratio of the fly ash particles in which the ratio of the envelope peripheral length of the fly ash particles to the cement and the peripheral length of the fly ash particles is less than 0.8 is 1.4% or more in number ratio, and the volume The manufacturing method of the fly ash mixing cement which mixes the fly ash which is 10.2 volume% or more in a ratio .
本発明のフライアッシュの品質評価方法は、コンクリートの流動性を低下させないフライアッシュを簡便に判定することができる。 The fly ash quality evaluation method of the present invention can easily determine fly ash that does not reduce the fluidity of concrete.
本発明は、前記のとおり、フライアッシュ粒子の周囲長包絡度に基づき、該フライアッシュを用いたコンクリートの流動性を評価するフライアッシュの品質評価方法等であり、好ましくは下記（Ａ）工程および（Ｂ）工程を少なくとも含む方法である。以下、本発明について各工程に分けて詳細に説明する。 As described above, the present invention is a fly ash quality evaluation method for evaluating the fluidity of concrete using the fly ash based on the perimeter length envelope degree of the fly ash particles, preferably the following step (A) and (B) A method including at least a step. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail for each process.
１．フライアッシュの品質評価方法
（Ａ）フライアッシュ粒子の包絡周囲長および周囲長等の計測工程
評価対象のフライアッシュ粒子を分散させたプレパラートを光学顕微鏡に載置して、個々のフライアッシュ粒子の包絡周囲長と周囲長を計測する。
ここで前記周囲長とは、図１に示す実線で表わされた、粒子の周りを囲む線の長さであり、前記包絡周囲長とは、図１に示す破線で表わされた仮想の輪ゴムを粒子に巻き付けた状態で作られる、凸部を結んでいった包絡線（仮想の線）の長さである。そして、周囲長包絡度が１となる粒子は、凹部の無い粒子（例えば、球や楕円体）を意味する。
また、前記計測は、例えば、画像式粒度分布測定装置を用いて行なうことができる。さらに、該測定装置に乾式分級装置を付設して用いれば、フライアッシュ粒子の分散状態が良好になり、フライアッシュ粒子の1粒1粒が分散した状態の静止画像が得られ好ましい。
また、評価に使用する粒子数は５０００粒以上、好ましくは１００００粒以上、特に好ましくは２００００粒以上である。
1. Method for evaluating the quality of fly ash (A) Measurement process of envelope circumference and circumference of fly ash particles Place the prepared slide containing the fly ash particles to be evaluated on an optical microscope and envelop the individual fly ash particles. Measure the perimeter and perimeter.
Here, the perimeter is represented by a solid line shown in FIG. 1, the length of a line surrounding the particle, the envelope perimeter and the virtual represented by shown to the broken line in FIG. 1 It is the length of the envelope (virtual line) that is made by wrapping the rubber band around the particle and connecting the projections. And the particle | grains whose perimeter envelope is 1 mean the particle | grains (for example, a sphere and an ellipsoid) without a recessed part.
Moreover, the said measurement can be performed using an image type particle size distribution measuring apparatus, for example. Furthermore, it is preferable to use a dry classifier attached to the measuring device because the dispersion state of the fly ash particles becomes good and a still image in which each fly ash particle is dispersed can be obtained.
The number of particles used for evaluation is 5000 or more, preferably 10,000 or more, particularly preferably 20000 or more.
（Ｂ）フライアッシュの品質判定工程
該工程は前記計測した包絡周囲長および周囲長に基づき、個々のフライアッシュ粒子の周囲長包絡度の値を求め、該周囲長包絡度を基準にして、後掲の図３や図４に示す座標面上のフライアッシュ粒子の分布から該フライアッシュを使用したコンクリートの流動性を判定する工程である。
具体的には、周囲長包絡度の基準値を０．８に定め、該値が０．８未満となるフライアッシュ粒子の含有割合により、該フライアッシュを使用したコンクリートの流動性を評価する。後掲の表４では、前記含有割合が個数割合である場合は１．４％以上、体積割合である場合は１０．２体積％以上のフライアッシュが、流動性が高いと評価することができる。
(B) Fly ash quality determination step In this step, based on the measured envelope perimeter and perimeter, the value of the perimeter envelope of each fly ash particle is obtained, and based on the perimeter envelope, This is a step of determining the fluidity of the concrete using the fly ash from the distribution of fly ash particles on the coordinate plane shown in FIG. 3 and FIG.
Specifically, the reference value of the perimeter length envelope degree is set to 0.8, and the fluidity of the concrete using the fly ash is evaluated by the content ratio of fly ash particles at which the value is less than 0.8. In Table 4 below, when the content ratio is a number ratio, 1.4% or more, and when the content ratio is a volume ratio, 10.2% by volume or more fly ash can be evaluated as having high fluidity. .
２．コンクリート用フライアッシュおよびフライアッシュ混合セメントの製造方法
本発明のコンクリート用フライアッシュと、本発明のフライアッシュ混合セメントの製造方法において用いるフライアッシュは、前記［１］〜［３］のいずれかに記載のフライアッシュの品質評価方法を用いて選択されたフライアッシュである。なお、本発明のフライアッシュ混合セメントの製造方法において、フライアッシュとセメントを混合する方法は特に制限されず、通常のフライアッシュセメントの製造方法が使用できる。
2. Concrete fly ash and method for producing fly ash mixed cement The fly ash for concrete according to the present invention and the fly ash used in the method for producing the fly ash mixed cement according to the present invention are described in any one of [1] to [3]. The fly ash selected using the fly ash quality evaluation method. In addition, in the manufacturing method of the fly ash mixed cement of this invention, the method in particular of a fly ash and cement is not restrict | limited, The manufacturing method of a normal fly ash cement can be used.
以下、本発明を実施例により説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されない。
１．使用材料
表１に示す、銘柄の異なるフライアッシュＡ〜Ｄ（ＪＩＳ Ａ ６２０１のII種に相当するもの）を使用した。
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
1. Materials used The fly ash A to D (corresponding to JIS A 6201 type II) shown in Table 1 having different brands were used.
また、下記（１）〜（６）に示すコンクリートの材料を使用した。
（１）普通ポルトランドセメント（太平洋セメント社製）
（２）水（千葉県佐倉市上水道）
（３）細骨材：桜川市産砕砂 表乾密度 ２．５８ｇ／ｃｍ３、吸水率１．９７％
（４）粗骨材：桜川市産砕石 表乾密度 ２．６５ｇ／ｃｍ３、吸水率０．６７％
（５）ＡＥ減水剤：ＢＡＳＦジャパン社製ポゾリスＮｏ．７０
（６）ＡＥ剤：ＢＡＳＦジャパン社製 マスターエア７８５
Moreover, the concrete materials shown in the following (1) to (6) were used.
(1) Ordinary Portland cement (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement)
(2) Water (Samizu City, Chiba Prefecture)
(3) Fine aggregate: Crushed sand from Sakuragawa City Surface dry density 2.58 g / cm 3 , water absorption 1.97%
(4) Coarse aggregate: Crushed stone from Sakuragawa City Surface dry density 2.65 g / cm 3 , water absorption 0.67%
(5) AE water reducing agent: Pozzolith No. manufactured by BASF Japan 70
(6) AE agent: Master Air 785 manufactured by BASF Japan
２．フライアッシュＡ〜Ｄを混合したコンクリートの流動性の測定
表１に示すフライアッシュと普通ポルトランドセメントを、表２に示す割合で混合してフライアッシュセメントを試製した。次に、表２に示す配合に従いコンクリートを作製し、ＪＩＳ Ａ ５３０８「レディーミクストコンクリート」に準拠して、混練直後、混練後３０分および６０分経過した時点で、該コンクリートのスランプを測定し、該コンクリートの流動性を評価した。その結果を表３に示す。
2. Measurement of fluidity of concrete mixed with fly ash A to D Fly ash cement was manufactured by mixing fly ash shown in Table 1 and ordinary Portland cement at a ratio shown in Table 2. Next, concrete is prepared according to the formulation shown in Table 2, and in accordance with JIS A 5308 “Ready mixed concrete”, immediately after kneading, 30 minutes and 60 minutes after kneading, the slump of the concrete is measured, The fluidity of the concrete was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.
３．フライアッシュＡ〜Ｄの品質評価
（Ａ）フライアッシュ粒子の包絡周囲長および周囲長等の計測
フライアッシュＡ〜Ｄを用い、乾式分級装置を使用して一粒一粒が分散した状態で、光学顕微鏡像を撮影してその画像を解析した。なお、該画像の取得および解析にはマルバーン社製の「Ｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｉ Ｇ３」を使用した。
なお、前記の測定条件および測定項目は以下のとおりである。
測定倍率：×２０と×５０を使用した。
測定粒子数：フライアッシュ１種類当たり５００００粒を測定した。
測定項目：周囲長、包絡周囲長、および球相当体積
3. Quality evaluation of fly ash A to D (A) Measurement of envelope perimeter and perimeter of fly ash particles, etc. Using fly ash A to D, using a dry classifier, each grain is dispersed in an optical state. Microscopic images were taken and analyzed. In addition, “Morphology G3” manufactured by Malvern was used for acquisition and analysis of the image.
The measurement conditions and measurement items are as follows.
Measurement magnification: x20 and x50 were used.
Number of measured particles: 50,000 particles were measured per type of fly ash.
Measurement items: circumference, envelope circumference, and sphere equivalent volume
（Ｂ）フライアッシュの品質判定
表４に示すように、前記周囲長包絡度が０．８未満であるフライアッシュ粒子の含有割合が個数割合では１．４％以上の場合において、また体積割合では１０．２体積％以上の場合において、該フライアッシュを用いたコンクリートの流動性は良好である。
(B) Quality determination of fly ash As shown in Table 4, when the content ratio of the fly ash particles having a perimeter length envelope degree of less than 0.8 is 1.4% or more in number ratio, and in volume ratio, In the case of 10.2% by volume or more, the fluidity of the concrete using the fly ash is good.
Claims (5)
The content ratio of the fly ash particles in which the ratio of the envelope peripheral length of the fly ash particles to the cement and the peripheral length of the fly ash particles is less than 0.8 is 1.4% or more in number ratio and 10 in volume ratio. A method for producing a fly ash mixed cement, comprising mixing fly ash that is 2% by volume or more .
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