JP6252959B2 - House cultivation control apparatus and method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention mainly includes fruits and vegetables such as strawberries and tomatoes, leaf vegetables such as spinach and leek, flowering plants such as chrysanthemum, eustoma and carnation, mandarin oranges, citrus fruits and citrus fruits including lemons, and evergreen fruits such as grapes TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a control device and method for automatically adjusting light intensity in house-cultivated plants such as deciduous fruit trees such as figs and figs.

  Appropriate temperature and appropriate light intensity are required for the growth of plants grown in house. Therefore, for example, as shown in Patent Document 1, a technique related to heating control in a house that is activated when the temperature in the house at night or during a cold season decreases is disclosed.

  Patent Document 2 discloses that the garden house skylight is controlled to open and close according to the amount of rainfall, the nutrient solution supply to the plant is controlled, and the indoor temperature and light intensity of the garden house are measured. Techniques for controlling curtain expansion / reduction are disclosed. For the expansion / reduction operation of the shading / warming curtain, several types of on / off duty graphs for the shading / warming curtain drive motor are created and created based on the expansion / reduction operation of the shading / warming curtain several times. A technique for expanding / reducing the light shielding / warming curtain using a pattern from starting to stopping of the drive motor is disclosed.

Japanese Patent No. 5464430 JP-A-3-94619

  However, although the technique described in Patent Document 1 is a technique related to heating control in a house, the outside air that is cold air is in direct contact with the outer surface of the plastic film or glass of the house covering material, and the inner surface is warmed in the house. Because it is in contact with the air, it is easy to dissipate heat during the cold season, and the heating effect is reduced, and in order to maintain the set temperature in the house, there is a problem that the heating cost for the room temperature decrease due to the heat dissipation effect increases. It was.

  In addition, the technique described in Patent Document 2 does not describe how to extend or reduce the light-shielding / heat-insulating curtain when the temperature or light intensity is high. In the house where fruits are cultivated in summer, the transpiration rate of the fruits is increased, which causes problems such as generation of poor quality as fruits and a decrease in yield.

  In addition, the technique of Patent Document 2 has a problem that the house environment control device is complicated and expensive, and thus does not spread.

  The present invention was devised in view of these problems, and the plants grown in the house can always perform appropriate transpiration and photosynthesis during the year, whether in the strong solar radiation / high temperature summer or the cold winter. It is an object of the present invention to provide a house cultivation control device and method that can provide an environment, have a simple device configuration, and have a low manufacturing cost.

  The house in the present invention means a glass-glazed greenhouse or a plastic film-covered greenhouse. Plastic film includes hard film (agricultural polyvinyl chloride film, polyolefin film, agricultural polyethylene film, agricultural ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer resin film, agricultural polyolefin special film, biodegradable plastic, natural polymer System, chemical synthesis system, aluminum deposition, mixed aluminum), soft film (polyester film, fluororesin film for agriculture), hard plate (glass fiber male reinforced acrylic plate, acrylic plate, polycarbonate plate, glass fiber reinforced polyester resin plate, chloride) Vinyl), non-woven fabrics (polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate), chillers / nets, and split fibers (polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene terephthalate).

The house cultivation control device 1 according to claim 1 is a house cultivation control device 1 that controls an environment that affects the growth of the house cultivation plant 8, and includes a light-shielding material 2 that shields sunlight into the house 20, and an outside The heat retaining material 23 that suppresses the decrease in the indoor temperature of the house 20 due to the temperature, the expansion / reduction means 5, 30 that operate expansion / reduction of the light shielding material 2 and the heat insulation material 23, and the time detection means 31 that detects the time. Time setting means 9 for setting the expansion time and reduction time of the heat retaining material 23, light intensity detection means 3 for measuring the light intensity of the solar radiation, and the light intensity of the solar radiation for expanding or reducing the light shielding material 2. Dimming setting means 10 for setting the temperature, time control for expanding / reducing the thermal insulation material 23 by the expansion / reduction means 5, 30 based on the time setting information from the time setting means 9, and the light Control means 4 for performing dimming control for expanding / reducing the light shielding material 2 by the expansion / reduction means 5 based on the light intensity detection information from the degree detection means 3 and the light intensity setting information from the dimming setting means 10; The time control is prioritized over the dimming control .

  The house cultivation control device 1 according to claim 2 is the house cultivation control device 1 according to claim 1, wherein the control means 4 drives the expansion / reduction means 5, 30 by the time setting means 9 for the set heat insulation material extension time. For the growth of the house-cultivated plant 8, photosynthesis is performed by expanding the heat-retaining material 23 and driving the expansion / reduction means 5, 30 by the set heat-reducing material reduction time to reduce the heat-retaining material 23. The light intensity setting range 10 is set by the dimming setting means 10 as a lower threshold value, and the light intensity range where the transpiration rate starts to increase rapidly is set as an upper threshold value. When the light intensity from the light intensity detecting means 3 controlled in a time zone other than the operating time zone is equal to or lower than the lower limit threshold, the expansion / reduction means 5 reduces the light shielding material 2, and the light intensity is The light shielding material 2 is stretched by the stretching / reducing means 5 when it is equal to or greater than the limit threshold, and when the light intensity is greater than the lower threshold and less than the upper threshold, the latest reaching between the lower threshold and the upper threshold And a dimming control means 56 for maintaining the expanded or contracted state of the light shielding material 2.

  The house cultivation control apparatus 1 according to claim 3 is the house cultivation control device 1 according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the light intensity measurement interval is determined by measuring a time until the plant temperature of the house cultivation plant 8 follows a change in light intensity and reaches a stable state. It is characterized by being the shortest.

The house cultivation control method 50 according to claim 4 is a house cultivation control method 50 for controlling an environment that affects the growth of the house cultivation plant 8, and includes a light shielding material 2 that shields sunlight into the house 20, and an outside. The thermal insulation material 23 that suppresses the decrease in the indoor temperature of the house 20 due to the temperature, the expansion / reduction means 5 and 30 that operate expansion / reduction of the light shielding material 2 and the thermal insulation material 23, and the light intensity of the solar radiation are measured. A light intensity detecting means 3; a dimming setting means 10 for setting the light intensity of the solar radiation for expanding or reducing the light shielding material 2; and a control means 4. Setting the time for expanding / reducing the thermal insulation material 23 to be suppressed, setting the measurement period for setting the period for measuring the light intensity of solar radiation by the light intensity detecting means 3, and the light intensity for the growth of the house-cultivated plant 8 The light intensity set by the dimming setting means 10 is set with the light intensity range where the synthesis rate begins to decrease as the lower limit threshold and the light intensity range where the transpiration rate begins to increase rapidly as the upper limit threshold. After the setting step 51, after the setting step 51, a time control step 52 for expanding / reducing the heat insulating material 23 based on the expansion / reduction time of the heat insulating material 23, and a time zone other than an implementation time zone of the time control step 52 When the light intensity is less than or equal to the lower limit threshold, the light shielding material 2 is reduced by the expansion / reduction means 5, and when the light intensity is greater than or equal to the upper limit threshold, the light shielding material 2 is expanded by the expansion / reduction means 5. In the case where the light intensity is between the lower threshold and the upper threshold, the dimming control for maintaining the expansion or contraction state of the most recent light shielding material 2 that reaches between the lower threshold and the upper threshold. And degree 53 comprises, characterized in that the said time control step 52 control to override the light adjustment control process 53.

  The house cultivation control device 1 according to claim 1 can suppress a decrease in the temperature in the house 20 during a cold season when the outside air temperature is lower than the growth temperature of the house cultivation plant 8, and the house cultivation plant in a season with strong sunlight. Since the photosynthesis of 8 can be activated and the transpiration rate can be prevented from increasing, it is possible to provide a growth environment such as a temperature suitable for the growth of the house-cultivated plant 8 and a suitable light intensity throughout the year.

  The house cultivation control device 1 according to claim 2 is configured such that a plant is placed on the indoor side of the house covering material 21 made of glass or plastic film when the outside air temperature at night or the like becomes lower than the temperature suitable for the growth of the house cultivation plant 8. Since the heat insulating material 23 can be expanded and expanded so as to surround the plant from the upper surface side and the four sides of the side surface in the center, an air layer is formed between the house covering material 21 and the heat insulating material 23 on the upper surface side. Since it is formed on the side surface and heat radiation can be prevented by this air layer, it is possible to suppress the temperature drop of the warm air in the house 20 due to the cool air outside at night or the like. Thereby, the heating cost in the said house 20 can be lowered | hung and it has an energy-saving effect.

  Moreover, the strongest light intensity in the range in which the photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of the house cultivated plant 8 are allowed is set as an upper limit threshold, and when the light intensity detection means 3 measures the upper limit threshold or more, the light shielding material 2 is put in a stretched state. By setting the light-shielding material 2 in a reduced state when the light intensity detection means 3 measures the weakest light intensity within a range in which the photosynthetic rate is allowed as a lower limit threshold and the lower limit threshold is measured, Even if the light intensity of the sunlight irradiated to the house-cultivated plant 8 changes frequently depending on the position of the plant, the growth of the plant that does not decrease the photosynthesis rate and does not increase the transpiration rate for the house-cultivated plant 8 The light intensity suitable for the house can be provided to the house cultivation plant 8.

  Further, when the light intensity is measured in a range between the upper limit threshold and the lower limit threshold between the upper threshold and the upper threshold that make the light shielding material 2 in the expanded state and the lower threshold or lower that makes the light shielding material 2 in the contracted state, By setting the interval between the thresholds as a dead zone, even if the light intensity frequently changes instantaneously depending on the position of the cloud, etc., the expansion / reduction means 5 and 30 of the light shielding material 2 are not driven, thereby cultivating the plant house Troubles due to deterioration of the control device 1 can be prevented, and the life of the plant house cultivation control device 1 can be extended.

  For example, when cultivating strawberry seedlings, by using the house cultivation control device 1 of the present invention, the number of developed leaves increases and the leaf color (SPAD value) is always increased compared to house cultivation in an unshielded M state. The seedling is dark, has little chipburn, can produce seedlings that can control the length of some varieties, has a darker leaf color and can suppress chipburn compared to house-lighting in a constantly shaded S state, and prevents the seedling from being degraded by the length Play.

  Further, the house cultivation control device 1 includes the light shielding material 2 and the heat retaining material 23, the light shielding / heat retaining means 15 including the expansion / reduction means 5, 30, the light intensity detection means 3, the time detection means 31, and the time setting means. 9 and the control panel 4 provided with the dimming setting means 10 and the control means 4 are provided, so that the configuration is simple and the manufacturing cost of the house cultivation control device 1 can be kept low.

  The measurement cycle of the house cultivation control device 1 according to claim 3 is set so that the time required for following the plant body temperature rises or falls following the change in light intensity so as to be the shortest interval. did. Since this measurement cycle can cope with changes in plant body temperature before adverse effects such as a decrease in growth occur, an even shorter measurement cycle is not required. However, for example, if the measurement cycle becomes long and the state where the plant body temperature is rising continues for a long time, the transpiration more than necessary proceeds and the growth is reduced more than necessary. Therefore, by setting the light intensity measurement cycle to the shortest interval, the house-cultivated plant 8 can avoid transpiration more than necessary, and has the effect that photosynthesis is performed to the maximum.

  The house cultivation control method 50 of Claim 4 has the same effect as the effect in any one of Claims 1-3.

It is a conceptual perspective view when the light-shielding material and the heat insulating material are put in a stretched state in the house. It is a conceptual perspective view when the light shielding material and the heat retaining material are reduced in the house. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the house cultivation control apparatus of this invention. It is a figure which shows the outline | summary flow of the house cultivation control method of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the detailed flow of the house cultivation control method of this invention. It is a figure which shows the change of the photosynthesis effective photon flux density (PPFD (photosynthetic phototon flux density)) and plant body temperature for every time passage, (a) is a figure which shows PPFD, (b) is a plant body temperature of a strawberry. It is a figure which shows the change of. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the photosynthesis effective photon flux density in a strawberry leaf, and a photosynthesis rate. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the photosynthetic effective photon flux density (PPFD) in a strawberry leaf, and a transpiration rate. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the upper limit threshold value of the photosynthesis effective photon flux density (PPFD) set in light modulation control, a lower limit threshold value, and a dead zone. It is a diagram for explaining the state of reduction / expansion of the light shielding material according to the change of photosynthetic effective photon flux density (PPFD), (a) is an explanatory diagram in the case of control in which an upper limit threshold, a lower limit threshold and a dead zone are set, (B) is explanatory drawing which shows the case of the control which sets only one threshold value and does not set a dead zone. It is a figure explaining the effect at the time of extending | stretching a heat retention material when external temperature falls, (a) is explanatory drawing in the case of the house which extended the heat insulation material, (b) does not provide a heat insulation material. It is explanatory drawing in the case of a house. It is explanatory drawing explaining the relationship of the state of time and PPFD value setting of a house cultivation control method, time and dimming control, and the light shielding material and heat insulation material. It is a photograph figure which shows the growth condition of the strawberry seedling, (a) is a photograph figure which shows the growth condition of "Red Hoppe", (b) is a photograph figure which shows the growth condition of "Sachinoka". It is a figure which shows the flower bud differentiation index and the number of unexpanded leaves of a strawberry, and is a figure which shows the flower bud differentiation index in the case of the light control T, the light shielding S, and the non-light-shielding M. It is a figure which shows the influence which the light control T has on the illumination intensity in a house. It is the photograph which shows the growth condition of the leek harvested on August 1st. It is the photograph which shows the growth condition of the green onion harvested on September 6th. It is a photograph which shows the measuring method of the sag of a leek leaf. It is the photograph which shows the plant body temperature and environmental temperature by thermography in the case of light-shielding S and non-light-shielding M, (a) is a figure in case of non-light-shielding M, (b) is a figure in case of light-shielding S.

  The house cultivation control device 1 according to the present invention is a house cultivation control device 1 that controls the environment that affects the growth of the house cultivation plant 8, and is based on the light shielding material 2 that blocks the solar radiation into the house 20 and the outside temperature. A heat insulating material 23 that suppresses a decrease in the indoor temperature of the house 20, expansion / reduction means 5 and 30 that operate expansion / reduction of the light shielding material 2 and the heat insulating material 23, and a time detection unit 31 that detects time. Time setting means 9 for setting the expansion time and reduction time of the heat insulation material 23, light intensity detection means 3 for measuring the light intensity of the solar radiation, and light intensity of the solar radiation for expanding or reducing the light shielding material 2 Dimming setting means 10 for controlling, time control for expanding / reducing the thermal insulation material 23 by the expansion / reduction means 5, 30 based on the time setting information from the time setting means 9, and the light intensity Control means 4 for performing dimming control for expanding / reducing the light shielding material 2 by the expansion / reduction means 5 based on the light intensity detection information from the knowledge means 3 and the light intensity setting information from the dimming setting means 10; It has.

  The heat insulating material 23 in the present invention may be a material similar to a plastic film, paper, or a natural material, as long as it is used for the purpose of heat insulation. As a structure of the heat insulating material 23. There is no particular concern for sheet-like materials, hollow structure films, or futon-like materials. In addition, when using as a curtain, it has a structure which can be opened and closed.

  The light shielding material 2 in the present invention may be a material similar to a plastic film, paper, or a natural material, or may control the amount of light transmitted, light quality, or both (for example, UV cut and absorption, heat ray cut and absorption, light quality conversion). ) In addition, when using as a curtain, it has a structure which can be opened and closed.

  The light intensity in the present invention includes light flux, illuminance, light, PPFD (photosynthesis effective photon density), PFD (photon quantum density), radiant flux, or irradiance or radiant density. In addition, the light intensity indicates the intensity of the light source, not limited to sunlight or artificial light.

  Then, the control means 4 drives the expansion / reduction means 5, 30 by the heat insulation material extension time set by the time setting means 9 to expand the heat insulation material 23, and the expansion at the set heat insulation material reduction time. In the time zone other than the time zone from the start time S to the end time E of the time control by the time control means 55 for driving the reduction means 5 and 30 to reduce the heat retaining material 23 and the time control means 55 For the growth of the house cultivated plant 8, the light intensity range of the range where the photosynthetic rate begins to decrease is set as the lower limit threshold, and the range where the change in the transpiration rate starts to increase rapidly is set as the upper limit threshold by the dimming setting means 10, When the light intensity from the light intensity detection means 3 is less than or equal to the lower threshold, the expansion / reduction means 5 reduces the light shielding material 2 to a reduced state, and when the light intensity is greater than or equal to the upper threshold, When the light shielding material 2 is in a stretched state by the stretching / reducing means 5 and the light intensity is between the lower threshold and lower than the upper threshold, the latest light shielding material 2 that reaches between the lower threshold and the upper threshold is reached. And a dimming control means 56 for maintaining the expanded or contracted state.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the house cultivation control device 1 has a light intensity detection means 3, a time detection means 31, a control means 4, an operation panel 6, a light shielding / heat retaining material driving motor 5 a, a rail 5 b, light shielding. A state in which the material 2, the heat retaining material 23, the heat retaining material driving motor 30a, the rail 30b, and the wiring 22 are provided, and the light shielding material 2 and the heat retaining material 23 are extended is shown in FIG. FIG. 2 shows a state in which is reduced. The time detection means 31 is built in the control means 4. The time setting means 9 and the dimming setting means 10 are built in the operation panel 6. The light intensity detection information from the light intensity detection means 3, the light intensity setting information set by the dimming setting means 10, the time setting information set by the time setting means 9, and the time information detected by the time detection means 31 are the control. The control means 4 drives the light shielding / heat retaining material driving motor 5a and the heat retaining material driving motor 30a according to the input information, whereby the light shielding material 2 and the heat retaining material 23 are expanded and contracted, respectively. . Thereby, the solar radiation in the house 20 is restrict | limited and the fall of a house room temperature is suppressed.

  The light-shielding material 2 has a function of dimming sunlight in order to make the environment of the house cultivated plant 8 such as strawberry grown in the house 20 into an environment of light intensity suitable for photosynthesis and suppressing the transpiration rate. The heat-retaining material 23 has a function of preventing heat dissipation due to cool air from outside and suppressing a decrease in room temperature in the house and exerting a heat-retaining effect in order to create an environment where energy saving costs are realized at room temperature that does not adversely affect growth. .

  The light-shielding material 2 and the heat-retaining material 23 are made of a material excellent in flexibility, light-shielding property, and heat-retaining property, and the space on the house covering material 21 side of the house 20 and the space on the house-cultivated plant 8 side that grows. As long as the structure can be separated or the structure that prevents heat radiation from the side surface of the house 20, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the structure can be separated and wound up on both sides, or can be wound up or expanded on one side. It is also possible to adopt a structure that expands or contracts like a bellows, or a structure that simply slides laterally without contracting. Moreover, the said light shielding material 2 and the said heat retention material 23 may serve as the thing for both light shielding and heat retention, and may be provided for each for light shielding and heat retention.

  The expansion / reduction means 5 and 30 for operating expansion / reduction of the light-shielding material 2 and the heat-retaining material 23 may be any devices that can be driven to expand or reduce the light-shielding material 2 and the heat-retention material 23. As shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, it may be a rotary drive expansion / reduction means 5, 30 such as a motor, or a slide drive expansion / reduction means 5, 30 such as a cylinder. In any case, it is sufficient if the light shielding material 2 and the heat retaining material 23 can be expanded / reduced by an instruction from the control means 4.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the drive motor 5a is driven by an instruction from the control means 4, and the light shielding material 2 is guided by the slide rail 5b and spreads to be in a light shielding state, as shown in FIG. The drive motor 5a is driven by an instruction from the control means 4, and the light shielding material 2 is guided by the slide rail 5b to be reduced to be in a non-light shielding state.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the drive motor 5a is driven by the instruction from the control means 4 and the heat retaining material 23 is guided and expanded on the slide rail 5b, and the drive motor 30a is driven and the heat retaining material. The material 23 is guided and extended by the slide rail 30b to be kept warm. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the drive motor 5a is driven by the instruction from the control means 4, and the heat retaining material 23 is guided by the slide rail 5b to be reduced, and the drive motor 30a is driven to heat the heat retaining material. The material 23 is reduced in size by being guided by the slide rail 30b so that the material 23 is not kept warm.

  The effect of shading is targeted at strawberry varieties “Red Hoppe”, using shading and heat insulation material 2 with a shading rate of 45% (trade name, etc.-Kuraku Super White). The change in plant body temperature of the strawberry seedling was measured by changing to a non-light-shielded state (intense light). The results are shown in Table 1. First, measurement was performed in a light-shielded state, and then the plant body temperature was measured after about 14 minutes in a non-light-shielded state. In Table 1, points a, b, and c indicate the positions of the strawberry leaves in FIG. 1 or FIG.

  From Table 1, the plant body temperature mainly consisting of leaves is 34.4 to 37.9 ° C. when not shaded and about 4 to 5 compared with 30.6 to 32.3 ° C. when shaded. ℃ increased. From this, it was shown that dimming control in which the light shielding material 2 is extended when the light intensity is high is effective in suppressing an increase in plant body temperature.

  The time setting means 9 is a means for setting the expansion time and the reduction time of the heat retaining material 23, and is provided on the operation panel 6 that can be set by manual operation as shown in FIGS. If the outside temperature falls below the house room temperature suitable for plant growth, the growth and yield will be adversely affected, so the house room is heated. At this time, warm air in the house room circulates in the house, and is radiated from the entire covering material 21 of the glass or plastic film house that is in direct contact with the cool air of the outside air. This causes a problem that the heating effect is reduced and the heating cost is increased.

  It is known that the temperature in the house must be at least 5 ° C. or higher for growing strawberry even in winter. Therefore, predicting the transition of the temperature of the next day based on the weather conditions of the normal year and the weather forecast of the next day, for example, if it is predicted that the lowest temperature will be around 5 am, it is necessary to keep the time zone before and after that As the time zone, the expansion time and the reduction time of the heat insulating material 23 are set. Here, the control of automatically measuring the temperature in the house room with a thermometer and expanding / reducing the thermal insulation material 23 based on the data increases the manufacturing cost of the device, and the change in temperature changes as expected. Therefore, since real-time temperature management is not required, manual setting is performed in order to reduce the cost as much as possible.

  The light intensity detecting means 3 is a means for measuring the light intensity of solar radiation. The light intensity detecting means 3 is installed at a site where the light receiving surface can detect a change in the intensity of sunlight, for example, on the roof of the house covering material 21 as shown in FIGS. Examples of the light intensity detecting means 3 include a light intensity detecting means 3 constituted by a photodiode. Any other instrument that can measure light intensity, such as a CDS cell, illuminance sensor, or phototransistor, may be used.

  The detection cycle of the light intensity detection means 3 is to change the environment in the house from a light-shielded state (weak light) to a non-light-shielded state (strong light) to increase the light intensity rapidly, and the change in the plant temperature of the strawberry seedling at that time Was measured. Digital thermography (Thermo Gear G120EX, manufactured by Nippon Avionics) was used to measure the plant body temperature for seedlings of the strawberry variety “Red Hoppe”. As a result, FIG. 6 (a) shows the change in house indoor light intensity for each elapsed time, and FIG. 6 (b) shows the change in plant body temperature for the same elapsed time. From these, it was shown that the plant temperature of the strawberry seedling rose slightly late and reached a stable state as the house room light intensity increased rapidly. From this, the detection period of the light intensity detection means 3 does not need to be set to detect a plurality of times before reaching the stable state, and the light intensity detection interval is a change in the light intensity of the plant body temperature of the house-cultivated plant. The time to follow and to reach a stable state is minimized.

  The control means 4 is, for example, a controller, time setting information from the time setting means 9, time information detected by the time detection means 31, light intensity detection information from the light intensity detection means 3, and the dimming setting. The expansion / reduction of the expansion / reduction means 5, 30 is controlled by the light intensity setting information from the means 10. The control means 4 includes a time control means 55 and a dimming control means 56. The time control means 55 drives the expansion / reduction means 5, 30 for the heat insulation material extension time set by the time setting means 9 to place the heat insulation material 23 in the expanded state, and the expansion for the set heat insulation material reduction time. The reduction means 5 and 30 are driven to bring the heat insulating material 23 into a reduced state.

  As shown in FIG. 11 (a), the thermal insulation effect when the thermal insulation material 23 is expanded by the time control means 55 is between a cold outside air and a warm in-house warm, glass or plastic film tension. An air layer sandwiched between the covering material 21 and the heat insulating material 23 of the house can be formed so as to surround the house cultivated plant 8 from above and from the lateral direction, and this air layer prevents heat dissipation. A decrease in the temperature in the house room is suppressed, and a heat retaining effect is produced. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 11 (b), when the cold outside air and the warmed air inside the house are in contact with the back and front of the covering material 21 of the house such as a single plastic film or glass, heat dissipation is promoted, Heating effect is reduced and heating costs are high.

  Next, the dimming control means 56 is means for controlling in a time zone other than the time zone controlled by the time control means 55. For the growth of the house cultivated plant 8, the dimming control means 56 uses the light intensity range of the range in which the photosynthetic rate begins to decrease as the lower limit threshold, and the dimming control unit 56 as the upper limit threshold for the range in which the transpiration rate begins to increase rapidly. When the light intensity from the light intensity detection means 3 is set by the setting means 10 and the light shielding material 2 is reduced by the expansion / reduction means 5 when the light intensity from the light intensity detection means 3 is less than or equal to the lower threshold value, The light shielding material 2 is extended by the expansion / reduction means 5 and the light intensity is set as a dead zone between the lower threshold and less than the upper threshold, and the dead zone is between the lower threshold and the upper threshold. The stretched or contracted state of the light shielding material 2 that has just arrived is maintained.

  The setting range of the lower limit threshold is for the strawberry variety “Red Pearl”, and the photosynthesis ability (light intensity and photosynthesis curve) of strawberry leaves is measured using a photosynthesis / transpiration measuring device (LI-6400, manufactured by LICOR). And measured. The result is shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 7, the photosynthesis rate of the leaf increased with light irradiation, and showed a rapid increase until PPFD was about 400 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ . However, no significant increase was observed in PPFD beyond that. Therefore, it was suggested that the photosynthesis in strawberry leaves reaches almost saturation at about 400 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ .

In addition, when “Berry Hoppe” and “Sachinoka”, which are varieties of strawberries, were tested, they reached almost saturation at about 700 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ . From these, the setting range of the lower limit threshold is a range of 400 to 700 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ of PPFD near the plant body, and the setting of the lower limit threshold is set to a value suitable for photosynthesis of the house-cultivated plant 8 To do.

Next, the setting range of the upper limit threshold is set to a range of photosynthetic effective photon flux density (PPFD) in which the transpiration rate is increased. As shown in FIG. 8, when the PPFD in the vicinity of the plant reaches 800 to 1200 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ , the transpiration rate rapidly increases and is about twice that of PPFD 400 to 700 μmol · m ⁻² · s ^−1. To reach. From this, the setting range of the upper threshold is set to PPFD 800 to 1200 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ , and the upper threshold is set to a value in a range that is suitable for photosynthesis of the house cultivated plant 8 and does not rapidly increase in transpiration rate. . 0

  As shown in FIG. 9, the dead zone refers to a range exceeding the lower threshold and less than the upper threshold. In this dead zone, control is performed to maintain the expanded or contracted state of the latest light shielding material 2 that reaches between the lower and upper thresholds.

  Next, when the same photosynthetic effective photon flux density (PPFD) is changed, the lower limit threshold value, the upper limit threshold value, and the dead zone for expanding / reducing the light shielding material 2 are set and the light shielding material 2 is expanded / reduced. The operation frequency of the light shielding material 2 is compared with the case where control is performed to expand and reduce the light shielding material 2 by setting only one threshold value for expanding / reducing the light shielding material 2. The result is shown in FIG. In the case where the lower limit threshold value, the upper limit threshold value, and the dead zone are set and the light shielding material 2 is controlled to be expanded / reduced, the light shielding material 2 is expanded / reduced once as shown in FIG. Thus, when the control is performed to expand / reduce the light shielding material 2 by setting only one threshold, the light shielding material 2 is expanded / reduced many times as shown in FIG. This suggests that, in the case of control without setting the lower limit threshold, the upper limit threshold, and the dead zone, the light shielding material 2 is frequently expanded and contracted, so that the deterioration of the apparatus is likely to proceed and failure is likely to occur. ing.

  Next, the light-shielding effect by dimming control was verified in fine weather and cloudy weather. The light-shielding material 2 used was a light-shielding rate of 45% (trade name et al.-Kuraku Super White), and a light intensity recorder (Ondori, TR-74Ui, manufactured by T & R) was used for light intensity measurement. The results are shown in Table 2. Here, non-light-shielding M indicates a case where the light-shielding material 2 is always in a contracted state, light-shielding S indicates a case where the light-shielding material 2 is always in a stretched state, and dimming T is automatically performed according to light intensity. This shows the case where is controlled to expand or contract.

  From Table 2, the dimming T was in a state where the light shielding material 2 was stretched during the daytime, and the light intensity was the same as that of the light shielding S. On the other hand, at the time of cloudy weather, the light control T had a light intensity equivalent to that of the non-light-shielding M because the light-shielding material 2 was reduced in the daytime. From this, it is possible to ensure the light intensity as much as possible by dimming control in which the light environment in the house expands the light shielding material 2 to suppress the light intensity when the light is strong and reduces the light shielding material 2 when it is cloudy. It was suggested.

Next, the operation | movement outline | summary of the house cultivation control apparatus 1 of this invention is demonstrated in FIG. First, the time for expanding / reducing the heat retaining material 23 for time control is set. In FIG. 12, it is set to 12 hours from 18:00 to 6:00. The time is set so that the heat insulating material 23 is expanded at 18:00 and the heat insulating material 23 is reduced at 6:00. Next, a photosynthetic effective photon flux density (PPFD) for expanding / reducing the light shielding material 2 for dimming control is set. The lower limit threshold of 700 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ and the upper limit threshold of 800 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ are set for PPFD.

  The house cultivation control device 1 first gives priority to time control, expands the heat insulating material 23 at 18:00, and reduces the heat insulating material 23 at 6:00. The dimming control can be activated when the heat insulating material 23 is in a reduced state. In the dimming control, the light shielding material 2 is controlled to be expanded and contracted by a photosynthetic effective photon flux density (PPFD). In FIG. 12, the light shielding material 2 does not expand even when the lower threshold value A point is reached, and the light shielding material 2 extends when the dead zone is passed and the upper threshold value B point is reached. And even if the photosynthetic effective photon flux density (PPFD) decreases and reaches the upper threshold value C point, the light shielding material 2 does not shrink, but when the dead zone passes the lower threshold value D point, the light shielding material 2 shrinks. To do.

  Since the house cultivation control device 1 includes the control means 4 for time control and dimming control, it can be effectively used throughout the year in summer, winter, and spring / autumn. Table 3 shows how to use each season of the year.

  From Table 3, the house cultivation control device 1 according to the present invention can shield light against strong light intensity in the summer, can keep warm against cold in the winter, and can adjust heat keeping with the shading S in spring and autumn. It has been suggested that a light intensity environment suitable for the growth of the house-cultivated plant 8 can be provided throughout the year, and an energy-saving temperature environment can be created, so that it can be effectively used for one year.

  Next, the house cultivation control method 50 of the present invention will be described. The outline of the house cultivation control method 50 is as follows: a light shielding material 2 that blocks solar radiation into the house 20, a heat retaining material 23 that suppresses a decrease in the room temperature of the house 20 due to an outside temperature, the light shielding material 2 and the heat retaining material 23. Expansion / reduction means 5 and 30 for manipulating the expansion / reduction of the light, light intensity detection means 3 for measuring the light intensity of the solar radiation, and dimming for setting the light intensity of the solar radiation for expanding or reducing the light shielding material 2 As shown in FIG. 4, the setting means 10 and the control means 4 are provided. As shown in FIG. 4, the time setting of the time zone for performing the time control, the setting of the expansion or reduction of the heat insulating material 23, and the photosynthesis effective photon for performing the dimming control A setting step 51 for setting an upper limit threshold and a lower limit threshold for bundle density (PPFD) and setting a light intensity detection interval, and after the setting step 51, time setting information set by the time setting means 9 and time detection means The light intensity detecting means in a time control step 52 for controlling expansion / reduction of the heat retaining material 23 based on the time information detected in 1 and in a time zone other than the time zone controlled by the time control step 52 A light control step 53 for expanding and reducing the light shielding material 2 in accordance with the photosynthesis effective photon flux density (PPFD) detected in 3 and the setting by the light control setting means 10.

  More specifically, the house cultivation control method 50 is a house cultivation control method 50 for controlling an environment that affects the growth of the house cultivation plant 8, and the thermal insulation material 23 that suppresses the decrease in the house indoor temperature due to the outside air temperature is extended and Setting of the time to reduce, setting of the measurement period for setting the period for measuring the light intensity of solar radiation, the light intensity range in which the light intensity begins to decrease for the house-cultivated plant 8 as the lower limit threshold, and the transpiration rate Setting step 51 for setting the light intensity to be set by the dimming setting means 10 with the range of the light intensity in a range where the light intensity starts to increase rapidly as an upper limit threshold, after the setting of the conditions, depending on the expansion / reduction time of the heat retaining material 23 In the time control step 52 for expanding / reducing the heat insulating material 23, and in the time zone other than the time zone controlled by the time control step 52, the light intensity is reduced. When the light intensity is equal to or less than the threshold, the light shielding material 2 is reduced by the expansion / reduction means 5, and when the light intensity is equal to or higher than the upper limit threshold, the light shielding material 2 is extended by the expansion / reduction means 5. In the case of being between the lower threshold and the upper threshold, the dimming control step 53 for maintaining the expansion or contraction state of the latest light shielding material 2 that reaches between the lower threshold and the upper threshold is sequentially included.

  Next, the house cultivation control method 50 is demonstrated based on the flowchart of FIG. The house cultivation control method 50 of the present invention can be controlled automatically or manually.

  First, the house cultivation control device 1 is turned on (step S1). The case of automatic control (step S2) will be described. First, time control is performed (step S3).

  A start time S and an end time E of a time zone in which priority is given to the control for expanding or reducing the heat retaining material 23 from the high temperature of the season are set and manually input to the operation panel 6 and stored in the control means 4 ( Step S30). Next, whether or not the thermal insulation material 23 needs to be expanded is examined and determined from the seasonal weather, daily weather forecast, etc., and the expansion or contraction is manually input to the operation panel 6 and stored in the control means 4 (step S31).

  Next, automatic operation conditions for dimming control (step S4) are set and input. The upper and lower thresholds of light intensity are examined and determined within a range where the photosynthetic activation and transpiration rate of the plants in the house are low, and are manually input by the dimming setting means 10 built in the operation panel 6 and stored in the control means 4. (Step S40). At this time, either the upper threshold value and the lower threshold value or the upper threshold value and the width between the upper threshold value and the lower threshold value may be input.

  Next, the light intensity measurement interval by the light intensity detector 3 is input and stored in the controller 4 (step S41). For example, 60 seconds is input to the control means 4 as the time until the light intensity changes and the plant body temperature follows. The recording state of the above set values is held (step S42). The setting process 51 has been described above.

  Next, the time control process 52 will be described.

  The time control automatically controls the expansion / reduction time of the heat insulating material 23 in the time zone between the start time S and the end time E. Normally, the sunset time when dimming control is not required is set as the start time S (for example, 18:00) and the end time E (for example, 6:00), but the start time S is set to 15:00 and the end time E is set to 8 0:00 and can be set arbitrarily.

  While measuring the elapsed time with the time detection means (step S32), it is determined whether it is within the time from the start time S to the end time E or outside the time from the start time S to the end time E (step S33). If it is within the time from the start time S to the end time E in step S33, it is determined whether the heat retaining material 23 is to be expanded or contracted according to the setting input in step S31 (step S34).

  If it is determined in step S34 that the heat insulating material 23 is to be expanded, the heat insulating material 23 is expanded (S341). If it is determined that the heat insulating material 23 is to be reduced, the heat insulating material 23 is reduced. Implement (step S342).

  If it is within the time from the start time S to the end time E, the expansion or reduction control of the heat insulating material 23 is continued (steps S341 and S342).

  Since time detection by the time detection means 31 is always performed (step S32), it is determined whether the time is within the time from the start time S to the end time E or outside the time from the start time S to the end time E ( In a time zone other than the time from the start time S to the end time E, the dimming control S4 is performed, and the light intensity measurement by the light intensity detecting means 3 is performed (step S43).

  Here, the time control is controlled to be performed with priority over the dimming control. Therefore, when the heat insulating material 23 is set to be in the extended state during the period from the start time S to the end time E, the time control is performed even in a condition where the light shielding material 2 is reduced to capture light in the dimming control (step S4). The heat insulation material 23 is automatically expanded in priority. In particular, during the cold season, there is a case where priority is given to heat retention or photosynthesis priority, which facilitates selection in that case.

  If control is to be performed with priority on heat retention in the severe winter season, for example, the start time S is set to 15:00 and the end time E is input to 8:00 in step S30, and the heat insulation material 23 is set to be in a stretched state in step S31. With this setting, dimming control in step S4 is performed at 8:00 to 15:00 which is outside the time from the start time S to the end time E, but from 15:00 to sunset and sunrise to 8:00. In the time zone, it is possible to keep the heat-insulating material 23 in a stretched state by giving priority to heat-retaining even though sunlight is irradiated. As a result, it is possible to realize management that avoids cooling in the evening or early morning.

  Next, the dimming control step 53 will be described. The dimming control step 53 is performed in a time zone other than the time zone from the start time S to the end time E of the time control in the time control step 52.

  Measurement is performed by the light intensity detection means 3 every time (for example, 60 seconds) input as the period of the light intensity detection interval (step S41), and the measured value is not less than the upper limit threshold, not more than the lower limit threshold, or exceeds the lower limit threshold. Whether the value is less than the upper threshold is monitored (step S43).

  When the light intensity is equal to or lower than the lower limit threshold value (step S44), an instruction signal for setting a non-light-shielding state is sent from the control means 4 to the expansion / reduction means 5 to reduce the light-shielding material 2. Thereby, sunlight is irradiated so that photosynthesis of a plant is fully promoted (step S441).

  Next, when the light intensity exceeds the upper threshold (step S46), an instruction signal for blocking light is sent from the control means 4 to the expansion / reduction means 5, and the light shielding material 2 is expanded. Thereby, sunlight is reduced (step S461).

  Next, when the measured light intensity is between less than the upper limit threshold and greater than the lower limit threshold (step S45), a drive instruction signal from the control means 4 to the expansion / reduction means 5 is sent as a dead band. Therefore, the expansion / contraction means 5 is not driven and the light shielding material 2 does not move (step S451).

  Even after that, after the time is again detected by the time detection means (step S32), and whether it is within or outside the time from the start time S to the end time E (step S33), the time from the start time S to the end time E is determined. During the time period when the time is out of time, the light intensity detection means 3 continues the light intensity measurement (step S43) and determination (steps S44, S45, S46) and repeats the control based on the determination (steps S441, S451). , S461).

  If it is determined in step S33 that the time is within the time from the start time S to the end time E, the dimming control S4 is switched to the time control S3.

  The case where the control of the house cultivation control method 50 is automatic has been described above. Next, the manual case will be described.

  When manually reducing the light shielding material 2 or the heat insulating material 23, a manual switch is operated (step ST12), the light shielding material 2 is reduced to be in a non-light-shielding state, or the heat insulating material 23 is reduced. (Step ST22). Next, when manually extending the light shielding material 2 or the heat retaining material 23, a manual switch is operated (step ST11), the light shielding material 2 is expanded to be in a light shielding state, or the heat retaining material 23 is It is spread and kept warm (step ST21).

Next, Example 1 using the house cultivation control device 1 of the present invention for growing strawberries will be described. As the heat insulation material 23, a “super love sheet” (nonwoven fabric) is used, and the temperature is set to be expanded in a time zone where the temperature is predicted to be 8 ° C. or less corresponding to a temperature lower than the appropriate temperature for strawberry growth. The threshold for reduction was set to 700 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ . Strawberry varieties targeted at “Red Hoppe” and “Sachinoka” as seasonal varieties. The outline of cultivation was seeded by inserting into a naked medium (medium amount 130 mL). After irrigating the mist for 1 week and confirming root survival, the seedlings were grown in the house and water was supplied to the bottom using liquid fertilizer (Nourishing Soil No. 2, 1500 times, EC about 1.0 ds / m). The results are shown in Table 4, FIG. 13 and FIG.

  From Table 4, the number of developed leaves is not limited to varieties, but the dimming T by the house cultivation control device 1 of the present invention is the largest as compared to the case of growth by the light-shielding S or non-light-shielding M of the comparative example, indicating dead leaves. It has been suggested that the number of leaves generated by chip burn is the smallest in the case of growth by dimming T compared to the case of growth by light-shielding S or non-light-shielding M in the comparative example. It is also suggested that depending on the variety of strawberry, it is possible to produce a strawberry with the chief restrained, as shown by the growth of “Red Hoppe”.

  From the photo of the seedling raising situation of FIG. 13, it is clear that the growth of the strawberry is better in the seedling raising situation of the light control T by the house cultivation control device 1 of the present invention than the seedling raising situation of the non-light-shielding M and the light-shielding S. Has been suggested.

  From FIG. 14 showing the flower bud differentiation index, the flower bud differentiation index indicates that the larger the index, the faster the flowering and the greater the harvest amount. Therefore, the house cultivation control device 1 of the present invention is not limited to the varieties such as “Red Hoppe” and “Sachinoka”. It is suggested that the growth by dimming T is excellent, and that the highest yield can be expected.

  Next, Example 2 in which the house cultivation control device 1 of the present invention is used for growth after strawberry planting will be described. While Example 1 was for growing seedlings in a single season, Example 2 in which the house cultivation control device 1 was used for growing strawberries at a time when the temperature in the second half of spring after planting in the mainland increased was explained. .

The test varieties are “Red Hoppe”, comparing the planting date to the harvest date, and the light intensity sensor is installed at the upper part of the strawberry stock and below the spreading surface of the light shielding material 2. "et ~ dark super white (light blocking ratio of 45%, Nippon wide cross Co.) was carried out in. then, the dimming setting the lower limit value PPFD600μmol ^{· m} -2 ^{· s -1} at the location of the plants strawberry, upper limit PPFD is set to 1000 μmol · m ⁻² · s ^−1, and the heat insulating material 23 uses “super love sheet” (nonwoven fabric), and the period between October 9, 2015 and March 31, 2016 is 17:00. It was set to be in a stretched state between 8:00 and 8:00.

  The outline of cultivation is explained. Cultivation method was high-growth cultivation (crushed rice cracker: peat moss = 6: 4), two-row staggered planting of 20 cm between strains, and the fixed planting date was September 9, 2015. The harvest period was from mid-November 2015 to June 17, 2016. Moreover, about fertilization management, the 1500 times liquid (N component density | concentration of 100 ppm) of OKF-1 was supplied 2 to 3 times a day. In the case of dimming T and non-shading M, the number of investigated strains was 12 for each.

Regarding the influence on the illuminance in the greenhouse, when the illuminance in the greenhouse was approximately 800 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ or less, no difference in illuminance due to the difference in the light shielding method was observed. In the case of dimming T, if it exceeds 800 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ , the illuminance decreases with the expansion of the light shielding material 2, and the daily maximum illuminance is generally suppressed to 1400 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ or less. It was.

  Next, Table 5 shows the influence of the dimming T and the non-shading M on the growth of the strawberry “red cheek”.

  From Table 5, the plant height (height of the whole plant) and the petiole length (the length of the stem part of the leaf) decreased with time in both cases of dimming T and non-shading M. In the case of non-light-shielding M, the degree was large. The plant height was significantly different as of May 12, and the petiole length was significantly different as of June 13.

  In addition, the leaflet length (vertical length of the leaflet) and leaflet width (width of the leaflet) became smaller as time progressed in the case of the non-light-shielding M. On the other hand, in the case of dimming T, both the leaflet length and leaflet width were larger than one month ago as of May 12, indicating a significant difference. In the investigation on June 13, even in the case of dimming T, both the leaflet length and leaflet width decreased as in the case of non-light-shielding M, but it grew larger than in the case of non-light-shielding M. .

  The number of developed leaves was measured by the number of leaves developed after April 12th. In the case of non-light-shielding M, it was 2.6 sheets as of May 12, and 5.9 sheets as of June 13. In the case of dimming T, there are 2.9 images as of May 12, 6.8 images as of June 13, and about 1 image is expanded as of June 13, showing a significant difference. It was.

  From the above, it can be seen that the growth of the strain is reduced in the non-light-shielded M, whereas the growth of the strain is small in the case of the dimming T, and the growth speed is faster than that of the non-light-shielded M. Therefore, by performing dimming control, it is possible to reduce the growth reduction of the strain due to nutrient depletion due to heat or the like, and to prevent the growth speed from decreasing.

  Next, Table 6 shows the influence on the flower bud development of the strawberry “Red Hoppe” in the case of the light control T and the non-light shielding M.

  From Table 6, the number of fruit bunches per strain that came out after April 5th after the start of the shading treatment and reached the harvest was 2.5 bunches in the case of dimming T, and 1. More than 9 fruit bunches. As a result, it was shown that the number of bunches that can be harvested is increased by dimming control, and the bunches are improved due to the smooth growth and development of the strawberry strain.

  In addition, regarding the development of fruit bunches, the number of days required for harvesting from the buds where buds (fruit bunches) emerge from the bud part of the strain are the same, and the arrival date of each stage is dimming T No significant difference was observed between the case of No and the case of no light-shielding M. Therefore, the effect of accelerating the growth of fruit bunches was not observed.

  Next, Table 7 shows the influence on the yield of the strawberry “red cheek” in the case of the light control T and the non-light shielding M.

  From Table 7, the yield in the case of the light control T was larger than that in the case of the non-light-shielded M, and was 130.8 g / strain, which is 1.6 times the marketable fruit yield in the case of the non-light-shielded M. In addition, the increase in sales in the case of dimming T is shown to be due to the fact that the number of harvests increased by 1.4 times compared to the case of non-light-shielded M, and the fruit weight also increased slightly by 1.1 times. . The amount of crumbs (fruits that cannot be shipped because they are small, etc.) was the same as in the case of the light control T and the case of the non-light-shielded M. Therefore, it was shown that the dimming control increased the number of fruit bunches and, as a result, the number of fruits increased. The increased fruit grows to a size that can be shipped, resulting in an increase in revenue.

  From the above, the effect of preventing the decrease in growth was demonstrated by performing dimming control in the cultivation of strawberries in spring. In addition, fruit production was shown to increase.

Next, Example 3 in which the house cultivation control device 1 of the present invention is used for growth in hydroponics of leeks will be described. The test varieties are duck heads, comparing the planting date to the harvest date, the light intensity sensor is located outside the facility, and the first light-shielding material 2 is black cold chilled rice (light-shielding rate 50%). It was carried out with eyeglasses to easy white (shading rate 35%, manufactured by Nippon Wide Cloth). Then, the dimming control was set to the upper limit value PPFD 1300-1500 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ at the position of the leek plant body, and the lower limit value PPFD 860 to 1260 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ . Moreover, the heat insulation material 23 used the "super love sheet" (nonwoven fabric), and it set so that it might be in a stretch state in the time slot | zone when temperature is estimated to be 5 degrees C or less corresponding to the suitable temperature or less for leek growth.

  The outline of cultivation is explained. The cultivation method is hydroponics, the first sowing date is May 30, 2016, the second crop date is July 20, 2016, and the second planting date is June 20, 2016. My eyes were August 1st. The harvest date was August 1 for the first crop and September 6 for the second crop. In addition, for fertilizer management, the garden trial prescription (1/2 concentration), circulation method, EC 1.5-2.0 ds / m, pH 6.0 is managed, and the liquid volume of 14 times / day bed is circulated. The EC and pH of the round / week cultures were adjusted. And about the number of investigation stocks, it was set as 3 repetitions in each process 7 stocks / ward.

As shown in FIG. 15, the light environment of each process is as follows. The illuminance in the facility in fine weather (July 7) increases to 1800 μmol · m ⁻² · s ^{−1 in} the case of no light shielding M, and the light control T In the case of (1), approximately 1400 μmol · m ⁻² · s ⁻¹ or less was maintained. The in-facility illuminance at the time of cloudy weather (July 8) changed with the illuminance below the lower limit in the case of dimming T, so the case of non-light-shielding M and the case of dimming T were equivalent. In the case of the light shielding S, the illuminance decreased in accordance with the light shielding rate of the cold tub installed during both fine weather and cloudy weather.

  First, regarding the growth of the first crop, the influence on the growth due to the difference in the light environment of the non-light-shielding M, the light control T, and the light-shielding S was investigated. The results are shown in Table 8 and FIG.

  From Table 8, the stock weight was significantly light-modulating T, followed by non-light-shielding M and light-shielding S. Regarding the plant height and tillering, there was no difference in light control T, no light shielding M, and light shielding S due to the difference in the light shielding method. Withering the leaf tips, a lot of non-light-shielding M occurred, and there was little in the light control T. The leaf color (SPAD) was low in light shielding S, and high in light control T and no light shielding M.

  From FIG. 16, in the growth situation, the dimming T is most conspicuously larger than the light shielding S and the non-light shielding M.

  From the above, in the first crop, an increase in stock weight was observed 40 days after planting 20 days after the rainy season.

  Next, regarding the growth of the second crop, the influence on the growth due to the difference in the light environment of the non-light-shielding M, the light control T, and the light-shielding S was investigated. The results are shown in Table 9 and FIGS. In Table 9, the drooping of leaves measured the length of dripping in the vertical direction of the tip of the leek with the root fixed as shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 17, the dimming T is the most conspicuously large in the growth situation as compared with the light shielding S and the non-light shielding M.

  As shown in FIG. 19, the temperature of the plant body and the surface temperature of the hydroponic panel were measured by thermography in the case of non-light-shielding M and light-shielding S. As shown in FIG. On the other hand, when the light-shielding S was used, the temperature rise suppression effect of 32.4 ° C. and about 4 ° C. was observed. Further, the surface temperature (environmental temperature) of the hydroponic panel was 46.6 ° C. in the non-light-shielding M, but by using the light-shielding S, it was 38.0 ° C. and about 8 ° C. was low.

  From Table 9, the stock weight was the largest and the light control T was the largest, and the light shielding S and the non-light shielding M were almost the same and small. As for the plant height, the light control T and the light shielding S were large, and the non-light shielding M was small. As for the number of tillers, no constant difference was observed between the light control T, the light shielding S, and the non-light shielding M. Withering the leaf tips, the shading S was more than the dimming T and the non-shading M. As for the leaf color (SPAD), no constant difference was observed between the light control T, the light shielding S, and the non-light shielding M.

  From the above, in the second crop, in the cultivation at a high temperature in the summer, the light weight was higher than that of the non-light-shielding M and the light-shielding S by using the dimming T. In addition, the degree of leaf sag by the light control T was equivalent to that of the non-light-shielding M, and the decrease in the leaf sheath base diameter and the softening of the leaves, which were always observed in the light-shielding S, were not observed in the light control process.

  From the results of the first and second crops of the above onions, when dimming control is carried out in the hydroponic leek cultivation in the midsummer season, the effect of reducing the decrease in the amount of growth under strong solar radiation and high temperature conditions for about 20 days Appeared. Furthermore, it is also effective in suppressing the soft pupa seen in the shading S.

  The house cultivation control device 1 and the method 50 according to the present invention are not limited to cultivation of strawberries and leeks, but other fruit vegetables, leafy vegetables such as spinach, or florets such as chrysanthemum, eustoma and carnation, mandarin oranges It can also be used for cultivation of house cultivated plants 8 such as evergreen fruit trees such as citrus fruits and lemons including citrus and lemon, or deciduous fruit trees such as grapes and figs.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 House cultivation control apparatus 2 Light-shielding material 3 Light intensity detection means 4 Control means 5 Expansion / reduction means 5a Motor 5b Rail 6 Operation panel 8 Plant 9 Time setting means 10 Dimming setting means 15 Light-shielding / warming means 20 House 21 House covering material 22 Wiring 23 Thermal insulation material 30 Expansion / reduction means 30a Motor 30b Rail 31 Time detection means 50 House cultivation control method 51 Setting process 52 Time control process 53 Dimming control process 55 Time control means 56 Dimming control means

Claims (4)

A house cultivation control device that controls the environment affecting the growth of house cultivation plants,
A shading material that blocks out sunlight in the house,
A heat insulating material that suppresses a decrease in the house room temperature due to the outside temperature; and
Expansion / reduction means for operating expansion / reduction of the light-shielding material and the heat retaining material;
Time detection means for detecting time;
Time setting means for setting the expansion time and the reduction time of the heat insulation material;
A light intensity detection means for measuring the light intensity of the solar radiation;
Dimming setting means for setting the light intensity of the solar radiation for expanding or reducing the shading material,
Based on the time setting information from the time setting means, time control for expanding / reducing the heat retaining material by the expansion / reduction means, light intensity detection information from the light intensity detection means, and light from the dimming setting means Control means for dimming control to expand / reduce the light shielding material by the expansion / reduction means based on intensity setting information;
Equipped with a,
A house cultivation control device characterized in that the time control is given priority over the light control .
The control means is
The time setting means drives the expansion / reduction means for the set heat insulation material extension time to expand the heat insulation material, and drives the expansion / reduction means for the set heat insulation material reduction time to reduce the heat insulation material. Time control means,
For the growth of the house-cultivated plant, the light intensity range in the range where the photosynthesis rate starts to decrease is set as the lower limit threshold, and the light intensity range in the range where the transpiration rate starts to increase rapidly is set as the upper limit threshold by the dimming setting means And
When the light intensity from the light intensity detection means is controlled in a time zone other than the operation time zone of the time control means, the light shielding material is reduced by the expansion / reduction means when the light intensity is equal to or lower than the lower limit threshold, and the light intensity is the upper limit The light shielding material is stretched by the stretching / reducing means when it is equal to or greater than a threshold value, and when the light intensity is between the lower threshold value and less than the upper threshold value, the latest light shielding material that reaches between the lower threshold value and the upper threshold value The house cultivation control device according to claim 1, further comprising a dimming control unit that maintains a stretched or reduced state of the material.   3. The house cultivation control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the light intensity measurement interval is set to the shortest time for the plant body temperature of a plant in house cultivation to follow a change in light intensity and to reach a stable state. A house cultivation control method for controlling the environment affecting the growth of house cultivation plants,
A shading material that blocks out sunlight in the house,
A heat insulating material that suppresses a decrease in the house room temperature due to the outside temperature; and
Expansion / reduction means for operating expansion / reduction of the light-shielding material and the heat retaining material;
A light intensity detection means for measuring the light intensity of the solar radiation;
A light control setting means for setting the light intensity of the solar radiation for expanding or reducing the light shielding material, and a control means,
Setting of the time for expanding / reducing the thermal insulation material that suppresses the decrease in the indoor temperature of the house due to the outside temperature, setting of the measurement period for setting the period for measuring the light intensity of solar radiation by the light intensity detecting means, and the light intensity Light set by the dimming setting means with the light intensity range where the photosynthesis rate begins to decrease for the growth of house-cultivated plants as the lower threshold value and the light intensity range where the transpiration rate begins to increase rapidly as the upper threshold value A setting process for setting the intensity;
After the setting step, a time control step of expanding / reducing the heat insulating material according to the expansion / reduction time of the heat insulating material;
The light shielding material is reduced by the expansion / reduction means when the light intensity is equal to or lower than the lower limit threshold, and is applied when the light intensity is equal to or higher than the upper limit threshold. When the light shielding material is stretched by the reducing means, and the light intensity is between the lower threshold and the upper threshold, the most recently expanded or reduced state of the light shielding material that reaches between the lower threshold and the upper threshold and a dimming control step of maintaining a
Control which gives priority to the said time control process over the said light control process, The house cultivation control method characterized by the above-mentioned .

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