JP6278066B2 - Gear tooth surface abnormality detection device and gear tooth surface abnormality detection method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for detecting the presence or absence of an abnormality in a tooth surface of a gear.

  In the production site of various gears used in various power transmission devices such as vehicle transmissions, when the tooth surface of the gear is dented due to contact with other articles during production or storage after production, etc. When the gear cannot be formed into the designed shape due to damage or malfunction of the processing tool, a convex portion may be formed on the tooth surface of the gear. When a power transmission device such as a vehicle transmission is assembled using a gear having such an abnormality, problems such as generation of gear noise due to poor meshing of the gear may occur.

  In order to avoid such a problem, an inspection for confirming whether there is an abnormality in the gear is usually performed before the assembly of the power transmission device. As an example of this inspection, a method is known in which a high-accuracy master gear serving as a reference is manufactured, and whether there is an abnormality in the inspection target gear in a state where the master gear is engaged with the inspection target gear.

  An anomaly detection device used for this type of inspection is provided with a first shaft and a second shaft arranged in parallel to each other, a motor that rotationally drives the first shaft, a translational movement in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction, The slider includes a slider that supports the second shaft, and biasing means that applies a biasing force to the slider in a direction in which the second shaft approaches the first shaft.

  When performing an inspection using this apparatus, first, the gear to be inspected is set on the first axis and the second axis is made to approach the first axis with the master gear set on the second axis. The slider is moved in translation to engage the master gear with the gear to be inspected.

  At this time, since the biasing force in the direction in which the second shaft approaches the first shaft acts on the slider, the inspection target gear and the master gear are in a state where the backlash is zero (in the meshing portion, the inspection target gear The tooth surfaces on both sides in the circumferential direction of the teeth are in contact with the tooth surfaces of the master gear).

  Subsequently, by rotating the first shaft by the motor in this state, the gear to be inspected and the master gear engaged therewith are rotated. Even during this rotation, the state of zero backlash is maintained at the meshing portion of both gears by the action of the urging force by the urging means.

  When the change in the distance between the shaft centers of both gears is monitored during the rotation of the gear to be inspected and the master gear, for example, as shown by the solid line in FIG. Is obtained, and based on this waveform P, it is possible to detect the presence or absence of abnormality of the gear to be inspected.

  Specifically, for example, based on the difference A1 between the maximum value and the minimum value of the waveform P, the tooth gap runout (eccentricity of the inspection target gear) is calculated, or based on the average value B1 of the waveform P, OBD. (Over Ball Diameter) (tooth thickness) can be calculated.

  In addition, in the case where an abnormality in which a convex portion as described above is formed on the tooth surface of a part of the tooth in the inspection target gear, when the convex portion interferes with the teeth of the master gear, the inspection target gear is As the engagement of the teeth of the master gear with the tooth gap becomes shallow, the distance between the shaft centers temporarily increases. Therefore, in this case, in the waveform P of FIG. 6, for example, a disturbance as indicated by a broken line C <b> 1 occurs. Therefore, whether there is an abnormality in which a convex portion is formed on the tooth surface based on the presence or absence of such a waveform disturbance. Can be detected.

  In Patent Document 1, using the same abnormality detection apparatus as described above, the fluctuation of the vibration acceleration of the second axis during the rotation of the first axis is monitored, and the gear to be inspected is based on the mode of the fluctuation. A technique for detecting the presence or absence of an abnormality is disclosed.

JP 2009-103525 A

  However, in the inspection by the conventional method described above, if there is an abnormality in which similar convex portions are uniformly formed on the tooth surfaces of all teeth in the inspection target gear, the master gear for the tooth gap of the inspection target gear Since the engagement of the teeth is uniformly shallow, the meshing state of the inspected gear and the master gear is stabilized with the distance between the shaft centers being increased uniformly.

  Therefore, in this case, as indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 6, for example, a waveform Q in which the distance between the axes is uniformly increased is obtained compared to the waveform P when there is no abnormality in the inspected gear. In this waveform Q, since there is no disturbance as shown by the broken line C1, there is a possibility that the tooth surface abnormality as described above cannot be detected.

  In the case of performing an inspection using the abnormality detection device of Patent Document 1 described above, if there is an abnormality in which a convex portion is uniformly formed on the tooth surfaces of all teeth for the same reason, vibration is generated. In some cases, the above abnormality cannot be detected because the waveform indicating the acceleration fluctuation is less likely to be disturbed.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to improve the detection accuracy of the presence or absence of an abnormality in which a convex portion is formed on the tooth surface of the gear.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the gear tooth surface abnormality detection device according to the present invention is configured as follows.

First, the invention according to claim 1 of the present application is
A master gear having a plurality of teeth provided at a predetermined pitch and meshing with a gear to be inspected;
A drive section for rotating the inspected gear and the master gear meshed with each other;
A fluctuation measuring unit that measures fluctuations of the meshing state during rotation of the inspection target gear and the master gear;
A gear tooth surface abnormality detection device comprising: an abnormality determination unit that determines presence or absence of abnormality of the tooth surface of the gear to be inspected based on a variation aspect measured by the variation measurement unit;
The plurality of teeth of the master gear include normal teeth having a predetermined tooth thickness and a predetermined shape, and correction teeth formed by forming notches on tooth surfaces having the same tooth thickness and shape as the normal teeth. It is characterized by having.

  As for the “engagement state” in which the fluctuation is measured by the “fluctuation measuring unit” here, any index that can indicate the meshing state between the gear to be inspected and the master gear is used, and a specific example of such an index For example, the distance between the axes of the inspection target gear and the master gear, the vibration acceleration of the inspection target gear or the master gear, or the engagement depth of the other tooth with respect to one tooth groove of the inspection target gear or the master gear, etc. It is done.

  In addition, the “tooth thickness” referred to in the present specification refers to the thickness of the tooth on the pitch circle of the master gear (chord tooth thickness or arc tooth thickness).

The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1,
A plurality of the correction teeth are continuously arranged in the circumferential direction.

The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1 or 2,
The notch is provided at any one of the four locations of the tooth tip and root of the tooth surface on one side in the circumferential direction and the tooth tip and root of the tooth surface on the other side in the circumferential direction of the correction tooth. And the one provided at a place different from the predetermined place among the four places.

  Here, the notch of “predetermined place” and the notch of “different place” may be provided on separate teeth or on the same tooth.

The invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A slider that rotatably supports the master gear;
A support portion that supports the slider so that it can translate in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the master gear;
And urging means for urging the slider in a direction in which the master gear approaches the axis of the gear to be inspected.

  The gear tooth surface abnormality detection method according to the present invention is configured as follows.

First, the invention according to claim 5 of the present application is
A master gear having a plurality of teeth provided at a predetermined pitch is meshed with a gear to be inspected, the gear to be inspected and the master gear are rotated, and the inspection target is based on a variation state of the meshing state during the rotation. A gear tooth surface abnormality detection method for detecting the presence or absence of a gear tooth surface abnormality,
As the master gear, a gear having a normal tooth having a predetermined tooth thickness and a predetermined shape, and a correction tooth formed by forming a notch in a tooth surface of the tooth having the same tooth thickness and shape as the normal tooth is used. It is characterized by.

The invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to claim 5,
In the state where the inspection object gear and the master gear are engaged with each other so that the backlash is zero, the presence or absence of abnormality of the tooth surface of the inspection object gear is detected.

The invention according to claim 7 is the invention according to claim 5 or 6,
A plurality of the correction teeth are continuously arranged in the circumferential direction.

The invention according to claim 8 is the invention according to claim 7,
The difference between the number of teeth of the master gear and the gear to be inspected is that the predetermined tooth is always at the time when the gear to be inspected makes one rotation from the state where the predetermined tooth of the gear to be inspected is engaged with the correction tooth. It is usually the difference that engages the tooth,
Measuring a change in meshing state of the inspection target gear and the master gear during the rotation of the inspection target gear at least twice, and detecting the presence or absence of an abnormality in the tooth surface of the inspection target gear based on the measurement result It is characterized by.

  First, according to the gear tooth surface abnormality detection device according to the first aspect of the present invention, the master gear is provided with normal teeth having no notches on the tooth surface and correction teeth having notches on the tooth surface. Therefore, if an abnormality occurs in which the convex portions are uniformly formed on the tooth surfaces of all the teeth of the gear to be inspected, these convex portions are the tooth surfaces of the normal teeth that are not notched at the meshing portion with the master gear. The interference with the tooth surface of the correction tooth having the notch is suppressed. Therefore, in this case, when the inspection partner gear tooth mating partner is switched from the normal tooth to the correction tooth during the rotation of the inspection target gear and the master gear, the convex portion of the tooth surface of the inspection target gear and the tooth surface of the master gear. Is eliminated, the meshing state changes abruptly so that the engagement depth increases. Therefore, the presence / absence of the tooth surface abnormality as described above can be accurately detected based on the presence / absence of such a sudden change in the meshing state.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, in the master gear, since a plurality of the correction teeth are continuously arranged in the circumferential direction, the plurality of teeth of the gear to be inspected simultaneously with the plurality of correction teeth of the master gear. When engaged, it is possible to reliably suppress interference between the convex portion generated on the tooth surface of each tooth of the gear to be inspected and the tooth surface of the master gear. Therefore, when an abnormality occurs in which the convex portions are uniformly formed on the tooth surfaces of all the teeth of the gear to be inspected, it is possible to reliably cause a sudden change in the meshing state with the master gear as described above. Therefore, more accurate abnormality detection can be realized.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, the notch formed in the tooth surface of the correction tooth of the master gear has the tooth tip and the tooth root of the tooth surface on one side in the circumferential direction, and the tooth surface on the other side in the circumferential direction. Since a part provided at any one of the four locations of the tooth tip and the tooth base and a part provided at a different place are included, a convex portion is formed on the tooth surface of the gear to be inspected. With respect to at least two abnormal aspects among the four abnormal aspects when the place to be done is the tooth root or tooth tip of the tooth surface on one side in the circumferential direction, or the tooth root or tooth tip of the tooth surface on the other side in the circumferential direction, The presence or absence of abnormality can be detected with high accuracy.

  According to invention of Claim 4, said test | inspection is performed in the state which the slider which supports a master gear rotatably is urged | biased in the direction which makes a master gear approach the axial center of a test object gear. The distance between the shaft centers of these gears depends on the variation of the meshing state of the gear to be inspected and the master gear, more specifically, the variation in the engagement depth of the teeth of the master gear with respect to the tooth groove of the gear to be inspected. Fluctuates. Therefore, if the distance between the shaft centers of the gear to be inspected and the master gear is continuously measured, the presence or absence of the tooth surface abnormality as described above can be accurately detected based on the fluctuation of the distance between the shaft centers.

  Further, according to the gear tooth surface abnormality detection method according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the inspection is performed using the master gear having the normal teeth and the correction teeth. If there is an abnormality in which convex portions are uniformly formed on the tooth surfaces of these teeth, these convex portions interfere with the tooth surfaces of normal teeth that have no notches at the meshing portion with the master gear, but are corrected with notches. Interference with the tooth surface is suppressed. Therefore, in this case, when the inspection partner gear tooth mating partner is switched from the normal tooth to the correction tooth during the rotation of the inspection target gear and the master gear, the convex portion of the tooth surface of the inspection target gear and the tooth surface of the master gear. Is eliminated, the meshing state changes abruptly so that the engagement depth increases. Therefore, the presence / absence of the tooth surface abnormality as described above can be accurately detected based on the presence / absence of such a sudden change in the meshing state.

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the gears mesh with each tooth of the inspection target gear in contact with the tooth surface of the master gear at the tooth surfaces on both sides in the circumferential direction, the inspection target gear and the master gear are arranged in one direction. It is possible to detect the presence / absence of an abnormality in the tooth surfaces on both sides in the circumferential direction without performing rotation in the other direction only by performing an inspection for rotating the teeth.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, in the master gear, since a plurality of the correction teeth are continuously arranged in the circumferential direction, a plurality of teeth of the gear to be inspected simultaneously with a plurality of correction teeth of the master gear. When engaged, it is possible to reliably suppress the interference between the convex portion generated on the tooth surface of the gear to be inspected and the tooth surface of the master gear. Therefore, when an abnormality occurs in which the convex portions are uniformly formed on the tooth surfaces of all the teeth of the gear to be inspected, it is possible to reliably cause a sudden change in the meshing state with the master gear as described above. Therefore, more accurate abnormality detection can be realized.

  When the invention according to claim 8 is applied to the invention according to claim 7, a change in the meshing state of the gear to be inspected and the master gear during at least two rotations of the gear to be inspected is measured, and the master at the first rotation is measured. The teeth of the inspection target gear engaged with the gear correction teeth are always engaged with the normal teeth in the second rotation. If there is an abnormality in which convex portions are formed on the tooth surfaces of some teeth of the gear to be inspected, all the tooth surfaces having these convex portions are related to the tooth surfaces of the correction teeth of the master gear. In the case of being combined, the interference between the convex portion and the tooth surface of the master gear may not occur, so that a sudden change of the meshing state may not occur. However, in the present invention, such a situation is temporarily 1 Even if it occurs in the rotation, when the convex portion interferes with the tooth surface of the normal tooth in the second rotation, it is possible to reliably cause a sudden change in the meshing state. Therefore, based on this sudden change in the meshing state, it is possible to accurately detect the presence or absence of an abnormality such that a convex portion is formed on the tooth surface of a part of the teeth of the gear to be inspected.

It is a side view which shows typically the whole structure of the gear tooth surface abnormality detection apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is a control system diagram of the gear tooth surface abnormality detection device shown in FIG. 1. It is the schematic diagram which looked at the master gear from the axial direction. It is a figure which expands and shows a part of teeth of a master gear. It is a figure which shows an example of the aspect of the fluctuation | variation of the distance between axial centers of a test object gear and a master gear according to the rotation angle of a test object gear. It is a graph for demonstrating the conventional abnormality detection method.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the gear tooth surface abnormality detection device 1 according to the present embodiment includes a support base 2, a top plate portion 3 provided on the upper surface of the support base 2, and a motor supported by the support base 2. 6, a drive pulley 8 fixed to the output shaft 7 of the motor 6, a first shaft 10 that supports the gear 100 to be inspected, a driven pulley 12 fixed to the first shaft 10, a drive pulley 8 and a driven pulley As an urging means for applying an urging force to the slider 16, an endless belt 14 that is wound around the slider 12, a slider 16 that is supported by the support 2 so as to be slidable on the top plate 3, and a slider 16. A spring 18, a second shaft 20 rotatably supported by the slider 16, and a master gear 30 supported by the second shaft 20 are provided.

  The abnormality detection device 1 is used in a state where the support base 2 is placed on a horizontal placement surface 200, for example. The top plate 3 is disposed along a plane (for example, a horizontal plane) parallel to the mounting surface 200 of the support base 2. The motor 6 is attached to the support base 2 in a posture in which the output shaft 7 is disposed along a direction perpendicular to the placement surface 200 (for example, the vertical direction).

  An axis 11 of the first shaft 10 is disposed in parallel with the output shaft 7 of the motor 6. The 1st axis | shaft 10 is supported by the support stand 2 through the bearing (not shown) in the state which penetrated the top-plate part 3 so that rotation was possible. A driven pulley 12 is fixed to the lower end portion of the first shaft 10, and the inspection target gear 100 can be attached to the upper end portion of the first shaft 10 so as to rotate together with the first shaft 10.

  The slider 16 is supported by the support base 2 so as to be able to translate in a predetermined slide direction D along the direction perpendicular to the second shaft 20 on the top plate portion 3. More specifically, the slide direction D is a direction in which the axis 21 of the second shaft 20 and the master gear 30 approaches and separates from the axis 11 of the first shaft 10 and the gear 100 to be inspected.

  One end of the spring 18 is fixed to the slider 16, and the other end is fixed to the support base 2. In a state where the master gear 30 is engaged with the gear 100 to be inspected, the spring 18 is interposed between the slider 16 and the support base 2 in a contracted state with respect to the natural length, whereby the restoring force of the spring 18 is It acts in the direction of extending the spring 18. Therefore, in a state where the master gear 30 is engaged with the inspection target gear 100, a biasing force in a direction that causes the slider 16 and the master gear 30 to approach the first shaft 10 and the axis 11 of the inspection target gear 100 acts on the slider 16. To do.

  The axis 21 of the second shaft 20 is disposed in parallel with the axis 11 of the first shaft 10. A lower end portion of the second shaft 20 is rotatably supported by the slider 16. A master gear 30 can be attached to the upper end portion of the second shaft 20 so as to rotate together with the second shaft 20. The master gear 30 attached to the second shaft 20 is rotatably supported by the slider 16 via the second shaft 20. A specific configuration of the master gear 30 will be described later.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the abnormality detection device 1 is a rotation angle detection that detects the rotation angle position of the operation unit 51 where the on / off operation of the motor 6 is performed and the inspection target gear 100 attached to the first shaft 10. Portion 52, the distance between the shafts 11 and 21 of the first shaft 10 (inspection gear 100) and the second shaft 20 (master gear 30) (hereinafter simply referred to as "distance between shaft centers") L1 (see FIG. 1) ) And a signal input from the rotation angle detector 52 and the distance detector 53 during operation of the motor 6. A control unit 60 that determines whether there is an abnormality in the inspection target gear 100 based on the control unit 60 and an output unit 70 that outputs a determination result by the control unit 60 are further provided.

  The operation unit 51 is provided at an arbitrary position of the abnormality detection device 1, for example, on the upper surface of the support base 2. As the rotation angle detection unit 52, for example, an encoder provided on the first shaft 10 is used. As the distance detection unit 53, for example, various displacement sensors capable of detecting the displacement amount of the slider 16 in the sliding direction D are used. In this case, the distance between the axes is calculated by calculation based on the displacement amount of the slider 16 detected by the displacement sensor. The distance L1 can be obtained.

  However, the specific configurations of the rotation angle detection unit 52 and the distance detection unit 53 are not particularly limited.

  The control unit 60 is configured with a computer as a main part, and includes a central processing unit and a storage device. As the output unit 70, for example, a monitor that displays a determination result on whether or not the inspection target gear 100 is abnormal is used. When a touch panel monitor is used as the output unit 70, the monitor may be used as the operation unit 51.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the master gear 30 has a plurality of teeth 31 and 35 (35a, 35b, 35c, and 35d) provided at a predetermined pitch. The master gear 30 is a reference gear for detecting whether there is an abnormality in the inspection target gear 100, and is manufactured with high accuracy in accordance with the inspection target gear 100. As the master gear 30, a gear of the same type as the inspection target gear 100 (for example, a spur gear, a helical gear, a spiral gear, etc.) is used.

  The master gear 30 has a different number of teeth than the inspection target gear 100. In the present embodiment, the number of teeth of the master gear 30 is larger than the number of teeth of the inspection target gear 100, but may be smaller than the number of teeth of the inspection target gear 100.

  The teeth 31 and 35 of the master gear 30 are formed by forming notches 38 and 39 on normal teeth 31 having a predetermined tooth thickness and a predetermined shape, and tooth surfaces having the same tooth thickness and shape as the normal teeth 31. It is comprised with the correction tooth | gear 35 which becomes.

  As the correction tooth 35, for example, a first correction tooth 35a in which a notch 38 is provided on a tooth tip of a tooth surface on one side in the circumferential direction R (backward in the clockwise direction in FIG. 3), one side in the circumferential direction R. Second correction tooth 35b provided with a notch 39 at the tooth base of the tooth surface (clockwise in FIG. 3), tooth surface on the other side in the circumferential direction R (clockwise front in FIG. 3) A third correction tooth 35c provided with a notch 38 at the tooth tip thereof, and a fourth notch 39 provided at the tooth base of the tooth surface on the other side in the circumferential direction R (the front side in the clockwise direction in FIG. 3). Correction teeth 35d are provided.

  A plurality of first to fourth correction teeth 35 a, 35 b, 35 c, and 35 d are arranged in a row in the circumferential direction R in different regions in the circumferential direction R. In the example shown in FIG. 3, three first to fourth correction teeth 35a, 35b, 35c, and 35d are arranged in a row in the circumferential direction R, but each correction tooth 35a, 35b, 35c, and 35d is arranged. The number in which the rims are continued in the circumferential direction R is not limited to this.

  Each group of a plurality of first to fourth correction teeth 35a, 35b, 35c, 35d, each of which is continuous in the circumferential direction R, is arranged, for example, in this order in the clockwise direction of FIG. Between the group of first correction teeth 35a and the group of second correction teeth 35b, between the group of second correction teeth 35b and the group of third correction teeth 35c, the group of third correction teeth 35c and the group of fourth correction teeth. A plurality of teeth are interposed between the correction teeth 35d and between the group of fourth correction teeth 35d and the group of first correction teeth 35a. These teeth are all normal teeth 31. It is configured.

  However, the arrangement of each group of the first to fourth correction teeth 35a, 35b, 35c, 35d in the circumferential direction R is not limited to that shown in FIG. 3, and various changes can be made.

  With reference to the enlarged view of FIG. 4, a more specific configuration of the first correction tooth 35 a will be described in comparison with the normal tooth 31.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the tooth surfaces 32 and 33 on both sides in the circumferential direction R of the normal tooth 31 are not formed with a notch, and are formed of smooth surfaces having no irregularities from the tooth base side to the tooth tip side. . On the other hand, in the first correction tooth 35a, the tooth surface 36 on one side (right side in FIG. 4) is a smooth surface similar to the tooth surface 32 of the normal tooth 31, whereas the other side (left side in FIG. 4). The tooth surface 37 is formed in a step shape by having a notch 38 on the tooth tip side. As a result, the first correction tooth 35a has an enlarged width of the tooth gap 40 in the portion where the notch 38 is formed, as compared with the case where the left side of FIG. Has been.

  If there is an abnormality in which the convex portion 110 is formed in the tooth root portion of the right tooth surface of FIG. 4 in the tooth 101 of the gear 100 to be inspected, the tooth surface on which the convex portion 110 is formed is the master. When engaging with the tooth surface 33 of the normal tooth 31 of the gear 30, the engagement depth is reduced by the projection 110 interfering with the tooth surface 33. On the other hand, when the tooth surface of the inspection target gear 100 on which the convex portion 110 is formed engages with the tooth surface 37 of the first correction tooth 35a, the convex portion of the inspection target gear 100 is formed in the notch 38 of the tooth surface 37. By arranging 110, the interference between the convex portion 110 and the tooth surface 37 of the first correction tooth 35a is suppressed, and the engagement of the tooth 101 of the inspection object gear 100 with the tooth groove 40 of the master gear 30 is deepened. .

  As described above, when the convex portion 110 of the tooth 101 of the gear 100 to be inspected is engaged with the tooth surface 37 of the first correction tooth 35 a, the master gear 30 is compared with when the tooth surface 33 of the normal tooth 31 is engaged. The engagement depth of the tooth 101 of the gear 100 to be inspected with respect to the tooth gap 40 is increased, thereby reducing the inter-center distance L1 (see FIG. 1) between the gear 100 to be inspected and the master gear 30.

  Since a similar notch 38 is also formed on the tooth tip side of the tooth surface 36 opposite to the first correction tooth 35a (see FIG. 3), the third correction tooth 35c is temporarily provided on the tooth surface 36. When a convex portion 110 similar to the above is formed on the tooth base portion of the tooth surface of the gear 100 to be inspected, when the convex portion 110 and the tooth surface 36 of the third correction tooth 35c are engaged, The engagement depth of the tooth 101 of the inspection target gear 100 with respect to the tooth groove 40 of the master gear 30 is larger than that when the normal tooth 31 is engaged with the tooth surface 32. The center-to-axis distance L1 (see FIG. 1) with 30 is reduced.

  Further, as described above, the notch 39 is also formed on the tooth base side of the tooth surface 37 on one side of the second correction tooth 35b and the tooth base side of the tooth surface 36 on the other side of the fourth correction tooth 35d. (See FIG. 3), if a convex portion is formed on the tooth tip portion of the tooth surface of the gear 100 to be inspected engaged with the tooth surfaces 36 and 37, the convex portion and the second correction tooth The interference between the tooth surface 37 of 35b and the tooth surface 36 of the fourth correction tooth 35d is suppressed in the same manner as described above.

  Accordingly, when the tooth surface of the gear 100 to be inspected having such a convex portion is engaged with the tooth surface 37 of the second correction tooth 35b and the tooth surface 36 of the fourth correction tooth 35d, the tooth surface 32 of the normal tooth 31 is obtained. , 33, the engagement depth of the tooth 101 of the inspection target gear 100 with respect to the tooth groove 40 of the master gear 30 is increased, and thereby the axial center between the inspection target gear 100 and the master gear 30 is increased. The distance L1 (see FIG. 1) is reduced.

  In each of the correction teeth 35a, 35b, 35c, 35d of the master gear 30, the notches 38, 39 are formed by cutting out part of the tooth surfaces 36, 37, and the correction teeth 35a, 35b, 35c, In the tooth surfaces 36 and 37 of 35d, contact portions with the tooth surfaces of the teeth 101 of the gear 100 to be inspected are left at positions shifted from the notches 38 and 39. Therefore, the normal tooth 101 (the tooth on which the convex part of the tooth surface is not formed) 101 of the gear 100 to be inspected is compared with the tooth surfaces 36 and 37 of the respective correction teeth 35a, 35b, 35c, and 35d. Engage in the same manner as when engaged with the tooth surfaces 32 and 33.

  Using the abnormality detection device 1 having the master gear 30 configured as described above, the presence or absence of abnormality of the tooth surface of the gear 100 to be inspected is detected as follows.

  First, as shown in FIG. 1, the inspection target gear 100 is attached to the first shaft 10, and the master gear 30 is attached to the second shaft 20. This mounting operation is performed in a state where the slider 16 is disposed at a position where the inter-center distance L1 is sufficiently secured so that the inspection target gear 100 and the master gear 30 do not interfere with each other.

  Subsequently, the operation of the motor 6 is started by turning on the operation unit 51. As a result, the inspection target gear 100 is rotationally driven by the motor 6 via the drive pulley 8 and the driven pulley 12.

  Next, the slider 16 is translated in the direction in which the master gear 30 approaches the axis 11 of the inspection target gear 100 along the sliding direction D, and the master gear 30 is moved to the inspection target gear 100 that is rotationally driven. Are engaged.

  At this time, since the slider 16 is urged by the spring 18 in the direction in which the master gear 30 approaches the axis 11 of the inspection target gear 100, the inspection target gear 100 and the master gear 30 are in a state in which the backlash is zero. In other words, in the meshing portion, the tooth surfaces on both sides in the circumferential direction of the teeth of the gear 100 to be inspected are meshed with each other in a state of being in contact with the tooth surfaces of the master gear 30.

  The master gear 30 meshed with the inspection target gear 100 in this way is rotated following the rotation of the inspection target gear 100. During the rotation of the inspection target gear 100 and the master gear 30, the backlash is maintained at zero by the action of the urging force of the spring 18 at the meshing portion of both the gears 30, 100.

  While the inspection target gear 100 and the master gear 30 are rotating, the rotation angle detection unit 52 (see FIG. 2) detects the rotation angle position of the inspection target gear 100 (first shaft 10) and the distance detection unit 53. (See FIG. 2), the center-to-axis distance L1 is detected. The detection of the rotation angle position of the inspection target gear 100 by the rotation angle detection unit 52 and the detection of the inter-center distance L1 by the distance detection unit 53 are continuously performed while the inspection target gear 100 rotates at least twice.

  Thereby, the fluctuation | variation of the distance L1 between shaft centers according to the rotation angle position of the test object gear 100 is measured, and the waveform (for example, the waveform X or waveform Y of FIG. 5) which shows this fluctuation | variation is the control part 60 (refer FIG. 2). Created and recorded.

  When the measurement of the fluctuation of the inter-center distance L1 is completed, the slider 16 is translated in the direction of separating the master gear 30 from the center 11 of the inspection target gear 100 along the sliding direction D, and the inspection target gear is moved. The engagement of the master gear 30 with respect to 100 is released, and then the operation of the motor 6 is stopped by the operation of turning off the operation unit 51.

  The control unit 60 determines the presence / absence of an abnormality in the tooth surface of the gear 100 to be inspected as follows based on the waveform aspect indicating the fluctuation of the inter-center distance L1 obtained as described above, and the determination Is displayed on the output unit 70 (see FIG. 2).

  If there is no abnormality in which the convex portion is formed on the tooth surface of the inspection target gear 100, the convex portion of the tooth surface of the inspection target gear 100 and the tooth surface of the master gear 30 are independent of the rotation angle position of the inspection target gear 100. Since interference with 32, 33, 36, and 37 does not occur, the tooth 101 of the gear 100 to be inspected engages with any tooth groove 40 of the master gear 30 at substantially the same depth. Therefore, when the tooth surface of the gear 100 to be inspected is normal, the waveform indicating the fluctuation of the inter-center distance L1 shows a rapid change at any rotation angle position, for example, the waveform X in FIG. As a whole, a smooth peak is formed so as not to cause a large peak.

  On the other hand, the same convex part (for example, convex part 110 as shown in FIG. 4) is uniformly formed in the same part of the tooth surface on the same side on all the teeth 101 of the gear 100 to be inspected. When an abnormality has occurred, when each tooth 101 of the inspection target gear 100 engages with the normal tooth 31 of the master gear 30, the inspection target gear 100 is placed on one of the tooth surfaces 32, 33 of the normal tooth 31. Interference of the convex portions of the tooth surface makes the engagement depth shallower than that in the normal state, and accordingly, the distance L1 between the shaft centers becomes larger than that in the normal state.

  On the other hand, in this case, when each tooth 101 of the inspection target gear 100 is engaged with the first to fourth correction teeth 35a, 35b, 35c, 35d, one of the correction teeth 35a, 35b, 35c, 35d. In some cases, convex portions of the tooth surface of the gear 100 to be inspected are arranged in the notches 38 and 39 provided in the tooth surfaces 36 and 37. At this time, the convex portions and the tooth surfaces 36 and 37 of the master gear 30 Interference is suppressed.

  More specifically, the convex portion 110 (see FIG. 4) formed on the tooth base portion of one tooth surface of each tooth 101 of the inspection target gear 100 is a tooth surface 37 of the first correction tooth 35 a of the master gear 30. The convex portion formed on the tooth tip portion of the tooth surface on one side of each tooth 101 is suppressed from interfering with the tooth surface 37 of the second correction tooth 35b, and the other side of each tooth 101 is suppressed. The convex portion formed on the tooth root portion of the tooth surface of the tooth is suppressed from interference with the tooth surface 36 of the third correction tooth 35c, and the convex portion formed on the tooth tip portion of the tooth surface on the other side of each tooth 101. The interference with the tooth surface 36 of the fourth correction tooth 35d is suppressed.

  Here, at the meshing portion between the inspection target gear 100 and the master gear 30, a plurality of (for example, two to three) teeth are always engaged at the same time. In the master gear 30 of this embodiment, as described above, since the first to fourth correction teeth 35a, 35b, 35c, and 35d are continuously arranged in the circumferential direction R, the circumferential direction R A plurality of teeth 101 of the inspection target gear 100 can be simultaneously engaged with a group of consecutive correction teeth 35 a, 35 b, 35 c, and 35 d, and at this time, convexities generated on the tooth surfaces of the respective teeth 101 of the inspection target gear 100. Interference between the portion and the tooth surfaces 36 and 37 of the master gear 30 is reliably suppressed.

  During rotation of the inspection target gear 100, the tooth groove 40 of the master gear 30 is at a rotational angle position where interference between the convex portion of the tooth surface of the inspection target gear 100 and the tooth surfaces 36 and 37 of the master gear 30 is suppressed. The engagement depth of the teeth 101 of the gear 100 to be inspected is as deep as that in the normal state. At this time, the master gear 30 supported by the slider 16 translates so as to approach the shaft center 11 of the gear 100 to be inspected together with the slider 16 by the urging force of the spring 18, thereby reducing the distance L1 between the shaft centers. Become.

  Therefore, during the rotation of the inspection target gear 100 having the convex portion on the tooth surface, the engagement partner of the tooth 101 of the inspection target gear 100 is changed from the normal tooth 31 to the correction teeth 35a, 35b, 35c, corresponding to the convex portion. When switching to 35d, the meshing state changes abruptly so that the engagement depth increases by eliminating the interference between the convex portion and the tooth surfaces 36, 37 of the master gear 30. The distance L1 between the shaft centers is rapidly reduced.

  Thereafter, when the engagement partner of the tooth 101 of the inspection target gear 100 returns to the normal tooth 31 from the correction teeth 35a, 35b, 35c, and 35d corresponding to the convex portion, the engagement depth is reduced to the original depth. Along with this, the inter-axial distance L1 is rapidly expanded to the original distance.

  Therefore, when an abnormality occurs in which convex portions are uniformly formed on the tooth surfaces of all the teeth 101 of the gear 100 to be inspected, for example, as shown in FIG. After the waveform Y having the increased distance L1 between the axes is formed, the teeth 101 of the gear 100 to be inspected are engaged with the correction teeth 35a, 35b, 35c, and 35d corresponding to the convex portions. The rotation angle region is disturbed, and in this rotation angle region, a waveform portion Y1 is generated in which the inter-center distance L1 is reduced as compared with other rotation angle regions.

  Using the above phenomenon, the control unit 60, in the waveform of the fluctuation of the inter-center distance L1 corresponding to the rotation angle position of the inspection target gear 100, the waveform portion Y1 that temporarily decreases the inter-center distance L1. When such a waveform portion Y1 exists, it is determined that an abnormality in which convex portions are uniformly formed on the tooth surfaces of all the teeth 101 of the gear 100 to be inspected is determined. Such determination makes it possible to easily and accurately detect the presence or absence of this type of abnormality.

  In addition, the master gear 30 of the present embodiment has four types of notches 38 and 39 that are formed in different locations in order to correspond to four types of abnormal aspects in which the convex portions of the teeth 101 of the gear 100 to be inspected are different. Correction teeth 35a, 35b, 35c, and 35d are provided. Therefore, even when a convex portion is formed on any tooth surface of the tooth 101 of the gear 100 to be inspected, the convex portion is formed at any position of the tooth root portion or the tooth tip portion of the tooth surface. Even in this case, the presence or absence of these abnormalities can be detected with high accuracy.

  Further, during the rotation of the inspection target gear 100, there is no backlash at the meshing portion with the master gear 30, and each tooth 101 of the inspection target gear 100 has tooth surfaces 32 and 33 of the master gear 30 on the tooth surfaces on both sides in the circumferential direction. , 36, and 37, it is possible to check whether there is an abnormality in the tooth surfaces on both sides in the circumferential direction without performing rotational driving in the other direction only by performing an inspection in which the gear 100 to be inspected is rotationally driven in one direction. It can be detected.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the presence or absence of an abnormality in which a convex portion is formed only on a part (for example, one) of the teeth 101 of the inspection target gear 100 can be detected as follows.

  When this type of abnormality occurs in the gear 100 to be inspected, the tooth surfaces of most of the teeth 101 are normal, and therefore when these teeth 101 engage with the teeth 31 and 35 of the master gear 30, The engagement depth increases as in the normal state, and the distance L1 between the shaft centers decreases as in the normal state.

  On the other hand, the tooth surface of the tooth 101 having the convex portion is engaged with the tooth surfaces 32 and 33 of the normal tooth 31 of the master gear 30 or the tooth surfaces 36 and 37 of the correction teeth 35a, 35b, 35c, and 35d that do not correspond to the convex portion. In some cases, the engagement depth decreases due to the interference between the convex portion of the inspection target gear 100 and the tooth surfaces 32, 33, 36, and 37 of the master gear 30, and the distance L1 between the axes increases.

  Therefore, when an abnormality such that a convex portion is formed on a part of the teeth 101 of the gear 100 to be inspected, for example, as shown in FIG. However, the waveform X is disturbed at the rotation angle position where the tooth 101 having the convex portion is engaged with the teeth 31 and 35 of the master gear 30, and at this rotation angle position, the other rotation angle position is obtained. In comparison, a waveform portion Z1 in which the distance L1 between the axes is increased is generated.

  Using such a phenomenon, the control unit 60 determines whether or not there is a waveform portion Z1 that rapidly increases the inter-center distance L1 in the waveform indicating the fluctuation of the inter-center distance L1 corresponding to the rotation angle position of the gear 100 to be inspected. When such a waveform portion Z1 exists, it is determined that an abnormality such that a convex portion is formed on the tooth surface of a part of the teeth 101 of the gear 100 to be inspected is determined. With this determination, the presence or absence of this type of abnormality can be detected.

  However, when an abnormality such that a convex portion is formed only on a part of the teeth 101 of the gear 100 to be inspected in this way, the tooth surface having the convex portion accidentally has a corresponding notch 38, 39 may engage with the tooth surfaces 36 and 37 of the correction teeth 35a, 35b, 35c and 35d. At this time, there is no significant change in the engagement depth of the tooth 101 of the gear 100 to be inspected with respect to the tooth groove 40 of the master gear 30, and no rapid increase in the inter-center distance L1 occurs. A smooth waveform is formed over the entire circumference like the waveform X of 5.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, in order to prevent erroneous determination that it is normal, the number of teeth of the master gear 30 is different from the number of teeth of the inspection target gear 100 as described above, and The measurement of the fluctuation of the inter-center distance L1 corresponding to the rotation angle position is continuously performed while the inspection target gear 100 rotates at least twice.

  Here, the difference between the number of teeth of the inspection target gear 100 and the number of teeth of the master gear 30 is that the predetermined teeth 101 of the inspection target gear 100 are engaged with any of the correction teeth 35a, 35b, 35c, and 35d of the master gear 30. Preferably, the difference is such that the predetermined tooth 101 is engaged with the normal tooth 31 of the master gear 30 whenever the inspection target gear 100 makes one rotation from this state. For example, when the correction teeth 35a, 35b, 35c, and 35d of each group are configured with three teeth, the difference in the number of teeth between the inspection target gear 100 and the master gear 30 is preferably three or more. .

  Thereby, in the case where an abnormality such that a convex portion is formed only on one tooth 101 of the inspection target gear 100 occurs, in the first rotation of the inspection target gear 100, the tooth surface having the convex portion is Even when the corrugated portion Z1 that rapidly increases the inter-center distance L1 does not occur by engaging with the tooth surfaces 36 and 37 of the correction teeth 35a, 35b, 35c, and 35d having the corresponding notches 38 and 39, the inspection is performed. In the second rotation of the target gear 100, the tooth surface having the convex portion is always engaged with the tooth surfaces 32 and 33 of the normal tooth 31. At this time, the convex portion interferes with the tooth surfaces 32 and 33 of the normal tooth 31, so that the rapid increase in the inter-center distance L <b> 1 occurs reliably.

  Therefore, the control unit 60 has an abnormality such that a convex portion is formed on the tooth surface of a part of the teeth 101 of the gear 100 to be inspected based on the presence of the waveform portion Z1 in which the inter-center distance L1 rapidly increases. Can be accurately detected.

  While the present invention has been described with reference to the above-described embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the convex portion is formed on any tooth surface of the tooth 101 of the gear 100 to be inspected, and is formed at any location of the tooth root portion or the tooth tip portion of each tooth surface. In the master gear 30, an example in which four types of correction teeth 35a, 35b, 35c, and 35d in which the notches 38 and 39 are formed is provided has been described. These types may be 3 types or less or 5 types or more.

  In the above-described embodiment, an example in which one notch 38, 39 is formed in each correction tooth 35a, 35b, 35c, 35d has been described. However, in the present invention, a plurality of notches are formed in one correction tooth. May be.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the example in which the distance detection unit 53 as the variation measurement unit measures the variation of the inter-center distance L1 according to the rotation angle position of the inspection target gear 100 has been described. The variation in the meshing state measured by the variation measuring unit is not limited to the variation in the inter-center distance L1, and for example, the variation in vibration acceleration of the gear to be inspected or the master gear, or the tooth gap of the master gear It may be the engagement depth of the teeth of the gear to be inspected.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the accuracy of detecting the presence or absence of an abnormality in which a convex portion is formed on the tooth surface of the gear, and therefore manufacturing all types of power transmission devices having a gear. There is a possibility of being suitably used in the industrial field.

1 Gear tooth surface abnormality detection device 2 Support base (support part)
3 Top plate part 6 Motor (drive part)
7 Motor output shaft 8 Drive pulley 10 First shaft 11 Axis of first shaft 12 Driven pulley 14 Belt 16 Slider 18 Spring (biasing means)
20 Second shaft 21 Center axis of second shaft 30 Master gear 31 Normal tooth 35 (35a, 35b, 35c, 35d) Correction tooth 36 Tooth surface on one side in the circumferential direction 37 Tooth surface on the other side in the circumferential direction 38, 39 Notch 40 Tooth gap 51 Operation unit 52 Rotation angle detection unit 53 Distance detection unit (variation measurement unit)
60 Control part (abnormality judgment part)
70 Output unit 100 Gear to be inspected 101 Tooth of gear to be inspected 110 Protruding part D Slide direction L1 Distance between shaft centers R Circumferential direction P, Q, X, Y Waveform shown Y1, Z1 Waveform part

Claims (8)

A master gear having a plurality of teeth provided at a predetermined pitch and meshing with a gear to be inspected;
A drive section for rotating the inspected gear and the master gear meshed with each other;
A fluctuation measuring unit that measures fluctuations of the meshing state during rotation of the inspection target gear and the master gear;
A gear tooth surface abnormality detection device comprising: an abnormality determination unit that determines presence or absence of abnormality of the tooth surface of the gear to be inspected based on a variation aspect measured by the variation measurement unit;
The plurality of teeth of the master gear include normal teeth having a predetermined tooth thickness and a predetermined shape, and correction teeth formed by forming notches on tooth surfaces having the same tooth thickness and shape as the normal teeth. An apparatus for detecting an abnormality of a gear tooth surface, comprising:   The gear tooth surface abnormality detection device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the correction teeth are continuously arranged in the circumferential direction.   The notch is provided at any one of the four locations of the tooth tip and root of the tooth surface on one side in the circumferential direction and the tooth tip and root of the tooth surface on the other side in the circumferential direction of the correction tooth. 3. The gear tooth surface abnormality detection device according to claim 1, wherein the gear tooth surface abnormality detection device includes one provided at a place different from the predetermined place among the four places. A slider that rotatably supports the master gear;
A support portion that supports the slider so that it can translate in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the master gear;
The urging means for urging the slider in a direction for causing the master gear to approach the axis of the gear to be inspected is further provided. The gear tooth surface abnormality detection device described. A master gear having a plurality of teeth provided at a predetermined pitch is meshed with a gear to be inspected, the gear to be inspected and the master gear are rotated, and the inspection target is based on a variation state of the meshing state during the rotation. A gear tooth surface abnormality detection method for detecting the presence or absence of a gear tooth surface abnormality,
As the master gear, a gear having a normal tooth having a predetermined tooth thickness and a predetermined shape, and a correction tooth formed by forming a notch in a tooth surface of the tooth having the same tooth thickness and shape as the normal tooth is used. An abnormality detection method for a gear tooth surface.   6. The gear tooth according to claim 5, wherein the presence or absence of abnormality of the tooth surface of the inspection target gear is detected in a state where the inspection target gear and the master gear are engaged with each other so that backlash is zero. Surface anomaly detection method.   The gear tooth surface abnormality detection method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a plurality of the correction teeth are continuously arranged in the circumferential direction. The difference between the number of teeth of the master gear and the gear to be inspected is that the predetermined tooth is always at the time when the gear to be inspected makes one rotation from the state where the predetermined tooth of the gear to be inspected is engaged with the correction tooth. It is usually the difference that engages the tooth,
Measuring a change in meshing state of the inspection target gear and the master gear during the rotation of the inspection target gear at least twice, and detecting the presence or absence of an abnormality in the tooth surface of the inspection target gear based on the measurement result The gear tooth surface abnormality detection method according to claim 7.

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