JP6286286B2 - Railway vehicle air conditioner and railway vehicle equipped with this air conditioner - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an air conditioner mounted on a roof of a railway vehicle, and more particularly, to an air conditioner for a railway vehicle that can reduce power consumption of the air conditioner during extreme heat and a railway vehicle equipped with the air conditioner.

  As a background art of the present invention, Patent Document 1 is known, and a vehicle air conditioner using drain water (condensation water) generated in an indoor heat exchanger (evaporator) for cooling an outdoor heat exchanger (condenser). An example of an apparatus is described. This is because an evaporator unit and a condenser unit are installed on the roof of a vehicle such as a bus, and drain water generated by the evaporator coil is passed through the evaporator unit through an appropriate flow path. It is guided to the side and sprayed onto the condenser coil by a slinger attached to the motor shaft of the condenser fan, and is released into the atmosphere by evaporation.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, after condensing water generated in the evaporator is collected in a drain pan provided below the evaporator of the ship air conditioner, the condensed water is dispersed and condensed on the condenser of the ship air conditioner. An example of increasing the cooling efficiency of the vessel is described.

JP-T-2006-525186 JP 2012-136152 A

The rooftop air conditioning unit for a vehicle described in Patent Document 1 aims at removing drain water by evaporating it into the air instead of draining it onto the roof or the like. For this reason, a system is adopted in which drain water is sprayed using the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the condenser fan, so that the water droplets are too large to stay on the bottom of the outdoor unit room of the air conditioner without evaporating. There was a problem to do.
In the first place, it is not aimed at reducing the power consumption of the air conditioner. From the viewpoint of reducing the power consumption, the technical idea of spraying the optimal amount of drain water on the condenser and evaporating it efficiently is patent literature. Nothing is shown in 1.

  Further, Patent Document 2 is premised on a ship air conditioner, and when applied to a railway vehicle, how drain water is stored in accordance with the vehicle body structure, and drain water is sprayed onto a condenser for efficient operation. No technical idea about the point of evaporation is shown.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to introduce drain water (also referred to as condensed water or condensed water) generated in the indoor heat exchanger to a water storage tank (drain pan) provided below the indoor heat exchanger, and then to a water pump. The air conditioning system for railway vehicles can reduce the power consumption of the compressor by reducing the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant flowing through the outdoor heat exchanger by sucking up the drain water stored in the water storage tank and spraying it on the outdoor heat exchanger It is providing a railway vehicle provided with an apparatus and this air conditioner.

In order to solve the above problems, for example, the configuration described in the claims is adopted.
The present application includes a plurality of means for solving the above-described problems. To give an example, a railway vehicle air conditioner according to the present invention includes a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, an indoor fan, an outdoor heat exchanger, and an outdoor fan. An air conditioner for a railway vehicle that is configured by a refrigeration cycle and that is mounted on a roof of the railway vehicle, the condensed water condensed by the indoor heat exchanger is sucked into the outdoor heat exchanger and the condensed water A spraying device for spraying water, a drain pan disposed below the indoor heat exchanger and receiving the condensed water generated in the indoor heat exchanger, and a tank for storing the condensed water received by the drain pan. The spraying device includes a pump for sucking the condensed water, a switch for detecting the amount of the condensed water stored and starting the pump, and the condensation pressurized by the pump. A water supply valve for adjusting the flow rate of water, a water supply pipe connected to the water supply valve, and a nozzle connected to the water supply pipe and spraying the condensed water onto the outdoor heat exchanger, The condensed water is sprayed from the nozzle onto the outdoor heat exchanger along with the air blown from the outdoor blower, and the tank is arranged at the end of the railway vehicle air conditioner in the width direction of the railway vehicle. It is characterized by being provided in the gap between the bottom of the rail vehicle air conditioner and the roof of the rail vehicle along the direction .

  According to the present invention, air conditioning for a railway vehicle can reduce power consumption by effectively utilizing the heat of vaporization when the condensed water evaporates by spreading the condensed water generated in the indoor heat exchanger to the outdoor heat exchanger. A railway vehicle provided with the apparatus and the air conditioner can be provided. Problems, configurations, and effects other than those described above will be clarified by the following description of embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a railway vehicle air conditioner according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the rail vehicle air conditioner in FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion B in FIG. 4 is a CC cross-sectional view of the railway vehicle air conditioner in FIG. 1. FIG. 5 is a DD cross-sectional view of the railway vehicle air conditioner in FIG. 1. FIG. 6 is an operation explanatory diagram of the water level switch. FIG. 7 is an electric circuit for driving the water pump and the electromagnetic valve. FIG. 8 is an operation timing chart of the water pump and the solenoid valve. FIG. 9 is a plan view of another railway vehicle air conditioner according to the present invention. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE of the railway vehicle air conditioner in FIG. 9. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the railway vehicle air conditioner in FIG. 9 taken along the line F-F. FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram schematically illustrating the direction in which the drain water sprayed on the outdoor heat exchanger moves while evaporating. FIG. 13 is an electric circuit for driving the water pump, the water supply valve, and the drain valve. FIG. 14 is an operation timing chart of the water pump, the water supply valve, and the drain valve when the amount of drain water sprayed is larger than the amount of drain water generated. FIG. 15 is an operation timing chart of the water pump, the water supply valve, and the drain valve when the amount of drain water sprayed is smaller than the amount of drain water generated.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

[Example 1]
First, the direction related to the railway vehicle is defined. The three directions related to the railway vehicle are the vehicle body longitudinal direction 100 (rail direction), the vehicle body width direction 110, and the vehicle body height direction 120 of the railway vehicle. Hereinafter, the longitudinal direction 100, the width direction 110, and the height Sometimes referred to as the vertical direction 120.
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a railway vehicle air conditioner (hereinafter referred to as air conditioner 1) mounted on the roof of the railway vehicle, and a center line extending in the longitudinal direction 100 (left and right direction in FIG. 1) of the railway vehicle 50. From the perspective, the upper half shows a state with the indoor cover 11 and the outdoor cover 8 attached, and the lower half shows a state with these covers removed.

  In the air conditioner 1, two refrigeration cycles are configured inside the housing 52, and one compressor 2, outdoor heat exchanger 3, and accumulator 5 are provided for each refrigeration cycle. Since the indoor heat exchanger 4, the indoor blower 7, and the outdoor blower 6 are commonly used for two refrigeration cycles, one each is provided.

  Each device such as the compressor 2, the outdoor heat exchanger 3, and the indoor heat exchanger 4 constituting the refrigeration cycle is housed inside the casing 52 almost symmetrically with a center line extending in the longitudinal direction 100. The cover 11 and the outdoor cover 8 are covered. The indoor heat exchanger 4 extends to the vicinity of both ends in the width direction 110 of the railway vehicle, and the outdoor heat exchanger 3 extends in the longitudinal direction 100 at both ends in the width direction 110 inside the air conditioner 1.

The outdoor cover 8 has an outdoor air inlet 9 through which the outdoor air sucked by the outdoor fan 6 passes, and an outdoor air outlet 10 through which the outdoor air after passing through the outdoor heat exchanger 3 is discharged outside the air conditioner 1. Is formed.
In addition, a return port 12 through which air from the inside of the vehicle is taken into the interior of the air conditioner 1 is formed in the bottom portion of the casing 52 of the indoor unit room covered with the indoor cover 11. The air taken into the housing 52 from the return port 12 is cooled and dehumidified in the process of passing through the indoor heat exchanger 4 and then blown out into the vehicle by the indoor blower 7. The drain water to be described later is moisture that is condensed by condensation of water vapor in the air in the vehicle in the process of cooling and dehumidifying the air in the vehicle in the indoor heat exchanger 4.

  2 is a cross-sectional view of the railway vehicle air conditioner of FIG. 1 along AA (longitudinal direction 100 of the railway vehicle), and FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion B in FIG. Drain water generated by condensation in the indoor heat exchanger 4 flows down and accumulates in the drain pan 13, and then the four holes 16 (shown in FIG. 4) provided at both ends of the drain pan 13 (longitudinal direction 100 and width direction 110 of the railway vehicle). A hole 16 provided at both ends of the width direction 110 is shown) and is dropped downward and stored in a water storage tank 14 provided below the drain pan 13. The water storage tank 14 is provided to prevent the water pump 30 from sucking air when the water pump 30 to be described later is started. By storing sufficient drain water in the water storage tank 14, Can be reliably sucked up by the water pump 30.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, two water storage tanks 14 are attached to the lower part of the drain pan 13 so as to be along the longitudinal direction 100 of the air conditioner 1 below both ends in the width direction 110 of the air conditioner 1. It has been. The water storage tank 14 is a long rectangular parallelepiped having a height of about 30 mm, and is arranged in parallel so as to follow the longitudinal direction 100 of the air conditioner 1. Details will be described later.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the water level switch 20 disposed inside the drain pan 13 includes a full water electrode 21 disposed at the upper full water position, and an air water position (which makes it difficult for the water pump 30 to absorb water due to air suction ( It is comprised from the air-water electrode 22 arrange | positioned at the bottom part of the water storage tank 14). The water level switch 20 stands upright in one of the holes 16 provided at two locations on one side of the drain pan 13 and is inserted in a state where a sufficient gap is secured so as not to affect the surrounding water level. Further, the air / water electrode 22 is placed at a position where the water level can be detected so that the water pump 30 can reliably absorb water even when the railway vehicle is accelerated or decelerated.

On the upstream side of the water pump 30, a water supply pipe 31 inserted into the water storage tank 14 and a strainer 33 that connects the water supply pipe 31 and the suction port of the water pump are provided. A filter is provided in the strainer 33 to prevent dust in the water storage tank 14 from entering the water pump 30. When the strainer 33 is not provided with a filter, a filter that prevents dust in the water storage tank 14 from entering the water pump 30 may be provided at the tip of the water supply pipe 31.
In addition, the downstream end of the water pump 30 includes a nozzle 35 (see FIG. 5) for spraying drain water on the lower surface of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 from below the outdoor blower 6, and a time interval of the sprayed drain water. A discharge pipe 32 having an electromagnetic valve 34 to be controlled is provided.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the railway vehicle air conditioner of FIG. 1 taken along CC (railway direction 110).
When the amount of drain water generated in the indoor heat exchanger 4 is larger than the amount of drain water sprayed on the outdoor heat exchanger 3, the drain water passes the full electrode 21 of the water level switch 20 and is indicated by a broken line on the drain pan 13. Rise to the water level.
Excess drain water is drained from the drain hole 15 provided on the side surface of the casing 52 to the outside of the air conditioner 1 and dripped onto the ground via a gutter attached to the roof R of the railway vehicle 50. In addition, operation | movement with the full-water electrode 21 and the air-water electrode 22 is later mentioned using FIGS.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the water storage tank 14 is disposed below the indoor heat exchanger 4 and the drain pan 13, at the bottom of the air conditioner 1, at both ends in the width direction 110, and in the longitudinal direction 100 of the railway vehicle. It extends along.
In general, the height of the roof of a railway vehicle is highest at the center in the width direction 110 and decreases toward both ends in the width direction 110. For this reason, when the water storage tanks 14 are provided at both ends in the width direction 110 at the bottom of the air conditioner 1, the height h of the gap from the bottom surface of the casing 52 of the air conditioner 1 to the roof R of the railway vehicle 1 (see FIG. 4). ) Can be increased, and there is an advantage that the degree of freedom in designing the water storage tank 14 is increased. That is, when it is desired to store more drain water in the water storage tank 14, a large height dimension of the water storage tank 14 can be ensured by utilizing gaps formed at both ends of the width direction 110. In addition, the discharge pipe 32 from the water storage tank 14 to the outdoor heat exchanger 3 can be installed at the shortest distance in the longitudinal direction 100 at both ends in the width direction 110.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the railway vehicle air conditioner of FIG. 1 taken along DD (the width direction 110 of the railway vehicle).
Although not shown, the tip of the discharge pipe 32 extending below the outdoor blower 6 is branched into a plurality of pipes, and drain water is provided at the tip of each pipe toward the bottom of the outdoor heat exchanger 3. A nozzle 35 for spraying is attached.
Since the outdoor air blown to the outdoor heat exchanger 3 by the outdoor blower 6 passes from the lower surface of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 toward the upper surface, the outdoor air flows toward the lower surface of the outdoor blower 6 located upstream of the outdoor heat exchanger 3. The drain water sprayed from the nozzle 35 adheres to the fins and heat transfer tubes constituting the outdoor heat exchanger 3 and evaporates in the air of cooling air (outside air) passing between the fins. A large amount of heat is absorbed from the refrigerant flowing in the outdoor heat exchanger 3 by the heat of vaporization when the drain water evaporates in the outdoor heat exchanger 3, so that the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant are reduced. As a result, since the electric power provided for the operation of the compressor 2 is also reduced, energy saving of the air conditioner 1 can be promoted.

  In the present embodiment, units for spraying drain water to the outdoor heat exchanger 3 such as the water level switch 20, the water pump 30, the water supply pipe 31, the discharge pipe 32, the nozzle 35, etc., as particularly shown in FIG. Two systems are incorporated on both sides of the railway vehicle with the center line (see FIG. 1) in the longitudinal direction 100 interposed therebetween. In this case, for example, a large-capacity water storage tank 14 is provided on one side in the width direction 110, and drain water is supplied from the water storage tank 14 to a plurality of nozzles 35 with one water pump 30, so that the outdoor heat It is good also as a structure supplied to the exchanger 3. FIG.

6 is an operation explanatory diagram of the water level switch, FIG. 7 is an electric circuit of the water pump and the electromagnetic valve, and FIG. 8 is a timing chart of the water pump and the electromagnetic valve. The drain water spray control will be described with reference to FIGS. An electromagnetic valve incorporating a solenoid may be referred to as a water supply valve in order to adjust the amount of water supplied to the nozzle.
When the water storage tank 14 becomes full, drain water (condensation water) starts to accumulate in the drain pan 13 (see FIG. 3), and the water level gradually rises. When the water level reaches the position of the full electrode 21 of the water level switch 20, both electrodes are submerged, so that the electrical contacts of the water level switch 20 are closed as shown in FIG. This state (electrical contact of the water level switch 20: closed) is maintained until the water level is lowered to a level at which the drain water is reduced and the air-water electrode 22 is cut off by spraying.

This will be described in more detail using the electric circuit of FIG. When the breaker 40 and the electromagnetic contactor 41 are turned on, the electrical contact 23 of the water level switch 20 is closed, and when the water pump 30 and the ON / OFF timer 42 are energized, the electrical contact 43 of the ON / OFF timer 42. The solenoid valve 34 connected to is intermittently operated.
Here, the ON time and OFF time of the electromagnetic valve 34 are the temperature conditions in which the amount of drain water sprayed from the nozzle per hour is the most severe, 45 ° C. (DB) outside air, 28 ° C. (DB) / 23 ° C. indoors. It sets so that it may become below the amount of drain water generation per time in the temperature condition of (WB). As a result, the water level switch 20 can be kept ON even under this temperature condition. That is, since the drain water generation amount is usually larger than the drain water spray amount, excess drain water that is not sprayed is drained to the outside from the drain hole 15 shown in FIG.

On the other hand, when the indoor humidity decreases and the amount of water spray increases beyond the amount of drain water generated, the water level gradually decreases and the water level falls below the position of the air-water electrode 22 of the water level switch 20.
In this case, the electrical contact 23 of the water level switch 20 is opened, the power supply to the water pump 30 and the ON / OFF timer 42 is cut off, and the operation of the water pump 30 is stopped.
However, since the amount of generated drain water is small, the load on the outdoor heat exchanger 3 is also small, so that even if water spraying is not performed due to the stop of the water pump 30, the power consumption is not greatly increased.
When the water pump 30 is stopped, the water level accumulated in the water storage tank 14 and the drain pan 13 rises again, and the above-described operation is repeated.

  FIG. 8 is a timing chart showing the opening / closing operation of the electromagnetic valve 34. Here, the ratio (duty ratio) of the opening time of the electromagnetic valve 34 is normally about 10% or less, and a very small amount of drain water is sprayed for a short period of time at a constant cycle. By this operation, before the evaporation of water (drain water) attached to the fins and heat transfer tubes of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 is completed, the next spray is performed, and new water is added to the water sprayed before that. It is suppressed that it becomes a large water droplet and falls from the outdoor heat exchanger 3 without evaporating.

With the above configuration and operation, the drain water can be effectively evaporated on the surface of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 by spraying the drain water on the outdoor heat exchanger 3, and the outdoor heat exchanger is caused by the latent heat of evaporation. 3 is cooled and its temperature drops. As the temperature decreases, the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant flowing inside the outdoor heat exchanger 3 decrease. Thereby, the load of the compressor 2 which sends a refrigerant | coolant to the outdoor heat exchanger 3 can be reduced effectively, and the power consumption of the compressor 2 can be reduced as a whole.
The amount of reduction in power consumption of the compressor 2 far exceeds the increase in power consumption required for spraying drain water such as the water pump 30, so that the power consumption of the entire air conditioner 1 can be reduced.

In the embodiment, the switch for detecting the water level may not be an electrode continuity detection type switch, and two float switches may be installed to detect the water level of the full water and the empty water respectively. .
Further, in the embodiment, the case where there is one indoor heat exchanger has been described. However, even when two indoor heat exchangers are installed, the same effect can be obtained by arranging parts accordingly. Thus, the present invention is not limited to this example.

  In addition, when the railway vehicle ends its operation, it is preferable to discharge the drain water in the water storage tank 14 until the next operation is reached in order to prevent the water pump 30 from being broken due to the occurrence of rust or the like. . Therefore, at the end of the operation, the water pump 30 is operated until the electrical contacts of the air-water electrode 22 are opened or until a predetermined time has elapsed since the opening, and the drain water in the water storage tank 14 is discharged. It is preferable. In this case, the water storage tank 14 is provided with a solenoid valve that is opened when energized, and the solenoid valve is energized until the drain water in the water storage tank 14 is completely discharged at the end of operation of the railway vehicle. Also good.

[Example 2]
FIG. 9 is a plan view of another railway vehicle air conditioner according to the present invention. The railway vehicle air conditioner shown in FIG. 9 is an air conditioner mounted on a roof R of a railway vehicle that is used for business on a route with a small construction limit, such as a tunnel having a small cross-sectional area. The direction dimension is set smaller than that of the air conditioner shown in FIG.
Since the dimension of the air conditioner 1 in the height direction 120 is restricted, the indoor blower 7 having a relatively large height dimension has the highest height dimension in relation to the indoor cover 11 as shown in FIG. It is provided in the center part of the width direction of the air conditioner 1 which has it in the aspect in alignment with the longitudinal direction 100 of the air conditioner 1. FIG. Except for this point, basically, the components constituting the refrigeration cycle of the air conditioner 1 have substantially the same configuration as those of the air conditioner shown in FIG.

The water spraying system includes a water supply device including a water pump 30, a water supply (electromagnetic) valve 61, a water supply pipe 62, and a nozzle 63, and a drainage device including a water level switch 64, a drain pipe 65, and a drainage (electromagnetic) valve 66. The water spraying system is provided substantially symmetrically with a center line 130 extending in the longitudinal direction 100 of the railway vehicle in between, and is housed in the housing 70 and covered by the outdoor cover 8 and the indoor cover 11.
The pipe extending in the width direction 110 of the air conditioner 1 from the drain pan 13 (in FIG. 9, the pipe extending in the width direction 110 from both sides of the water level switch 64) intersects with the pipe laid in the longitudinal direction 100 of the air conditioner 1. Connected. As shown in FIG. 9, a water pump 30 is connected to one end of a pipe laid in the longitudinal direction via a water supply valve 61, and a drain valve 66 is connected to the other end of the pipe. Then it reaches the drain pipe 65.
When the water spraying system is not in operation, the drain valve 66 is opened and the water pump 30 is deactivated, so that the drain water accumulated in the drain pan 13 is drained from the drain pipe 65 onto the roof R of the railway vehicle. When the water spraying system is in operation, the drain valve 66 is basically closed, and the drain water is sprayed to the outdoor heat exchanger 3 by the water supply device including the water pump 30 and the water supply valve 61. However, when more drain water than the sprayed drain water is stored in the drain pan 13, the drain valve 66 is opened as necessary to drain out of the air conditioner 1 so as not to overflow from the drain pan 13.

  10 is an EE cross-sectional view of the railway vehicle air conditioner in FIG. 9, and FIG. 11 is an FF cross-sectional view of the rail vehicle air conditioner in FIG. Although the air conditioner shown in FIG. 1 includes the water storage tanks 14 on the lower surfaces of both end portions in the width direction 110, it is difficult to provide the water storage tanks 14 in the same place in the air conditioner for the reasons described above. For this reason, as FIG. 11 shows, the bottom plate of the drain pan 13 is provided in the aspect inclined along the curved surface of the roof R of a railway vehicle. And the height dimension h1 of the side plate erected from the bottom plate at the end of the width direction 110 of the drain pan 13 is made larger than the height dimension h2 of the side plate erected from the center part of the width direction 110. Thus, a configuration is adopted in which a large amount of drain water can be stored in a limited height dimension range.

Basically, drain water generated by condensation in the indoor heat exchanger 4 flows down and accumulates in the drain pan 13. When the drain water is not sprayed on the outdoor heat exchanger 3, the drain water stored in the drain pan 13 is drain pipes 65 connected to four holes provided on the side surface of the drain pan 13 (the width direction 110 side of the railway vehicle). And the drain valve 66 (always open when the air conditioner is stopped) and drained to the outside of the air conditioner 1.
When the drain water is sprayed on the outdoor heat exchanger 3, when the outdoor blower 6 is operated along with the cooling operation of the air conditioner 1, the drain water stored in the drain pan 13 is closed by the water pump. 30 is supplied to the nozzle 63 provided on the back side of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 and sprayed on the outdoor heat exchanger 3. Details will be described later.

As shown in FIG. 12, the nozzle 63 is arranged so that the drain water can be sprayed to a higher part of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 that is located closer to the center of the vehicle in the width direction 110. Furthermore, the end of the water supply pipe 62 extending in the longitudinal direction 100 from the water intake valve 61 shown in FIG. 9 among the water supply paths of the water pump 30, the water supply valve 61, the water supply pipe 62, and the nozzle 63 constituting the water supply apparatus in the water spraying system. The portion is installed in the width direction 110 so as to incline upward toward the water supply pipe in the longitudinal direction 100 to which the nozzle 63 is attached. As a result, the nozzle (spray hole) 63 is positioned at the uppermost point, and when the water supply valve 61 is closed, the drain water in the water supply line from the water supply valve 61 to the nozzle 63 is prevented from leaking out of the nozzle 63. Is done. Therefore, unnecessary leakage of drain water used for spraying can be suppressed, unnecessary consumption of drain water can be prevented, and a shortage of drain water can be avoided.
In addition, the back surface of the nozzle 63 and the outdoor heat exchanger 3 so that the water droplet sprayed from the nozzle 63 reaches the surface of the fin 3b in the outdoor heat exchanger 3 (see FIG. 12) against the gravity while widely diffusing. The spraying distance with (the bottom plate side of the housing 70) is about 150 mm.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the water level switch 34 disposed near the end of the drain pan 13 in the width direction 110 and in the center of the drain pan 13 in the longitudinal direction 100 is a general float switch, and the float is buoyant. When the full position is reached, the internal electrical contacts are closed or opened. Since the drain pan 13 is configured as described above, and the water level switch 34 is installed at the above-described position, a water depth (drain water) that can sufficiently secure the displacement of the water level switch 34 in the height direction can be obtained. The amount of drain water can be detected with high accuracy. Further, by attaching the water level switch 34 to the central portion of the drain pan 13 in the longitudinal direction 100, it is possible to detect the average water level regardless of which of the railcars is accelerated or decelerated according to ascending or descending.

  A filter (not shown) is provided on the suction side of the water pump 30 to prevent dust and the like contained in the drain water from entering the water pump 30. Further, on the discharge side of the water pump 30, four nozzles 63 (see FIG. 9) for spraying drain water from the lower side of the outdoor fan 6 to the back surface of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 and the intermittent spraying time of the drain water are controlled. A water supply valve 61 is provided.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram schematically illustrating the direction in which the drain water sprayed on the outdoor heat exchanger moves while evaporating. The cross-sectional view of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 shown in FIG. 12 is a view corresponding to the EE cross section of FIG. In addition, in the figure, 3L and 3H have shown the longitudinal direction seen from the rectangular fin 3b of the outdoor heat exchanger 3, and the height direction, respectively.
The outdoor heat exchanger 3 is arranged in such a manner that it is inclined downward from the central portion in the width direction 110 toward its end portion, and a plurality of rectangular fins 3b stacked at predetermined intervals along the longitudinal direction 100, The heat transfer tube 3a (refrigerant flows) passes through the fins 3b.
The water droplets of the drain water sprayed from the nozzle 63 are applied to the lower surface portion in the upper part of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 (part near the center line 130 in the width direction 110 of the fin 3b) along the flow of the air blow 6a of the outdoor blower 6. Sprayed toward. Since water droplets are sprayed along the flow of the air blow 6a, it is not necessary to spray water droplets at a large pressure as compared with the case of spraying against the flow of the air blow 6a, and a water pump 30 having a large power is prepared. It is not necessary.
The water droplet 80 adhering to the surface of the fin 3b is evaporated while moving along the direction of the two resultant forces 83, that is, the longitudinal direction 3L of the fin 3b, under the influence of the wind force 81 and the gravity 82 of the outdoor fan 6. Go. The water droplet 80 that has not completely evaporated and reaches the lower end portion in the longitudinal direction 3L of the fin 3b falls from the lower end portion of the fin 3b to the bottom surface of the housing 70, and from the drain port (not shown) on the bottom surface of the railcar roof R. Flows down.

Since the outdoor air blown to the outdoor heat exchanger 3 by the outdoor blower 6 passes from the lower surface (back surface) to the upper surface (front surface) of the outdoor heat exchanger 3, the drain water sprayed from the nozzle 63 is the outdoor heat. Passes between the fins 3b in the process of adhering to the fins 3b and the heat transfer tubes 3a constituting the exchanger 3 and moving on the surface of the fins 3b mainly in the longitudinal direction 3L (lower direction) of the fins 3b. Evaporates into the cooling air (outside air).
That is, by spraying drain water on the upper part of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 (fins 3b), water droplets sprayed on the fins 3b are in the direction of the resultant force 83 between the wind force 81 and the gravity 82 of the outdoor blower 3, that is, In the process of moving a long distance along the longitudinal direction 3L of the fin 3b, it can be efficiently evaporated.

A large amount of heat is absorbed from the refrigerant flowing in the outdoor heat exchanger 3 by the heat of vaporization when the drain water evaporates in the outdoor heat exchanger 3, so that the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant are reduced. As a result, since the electric power provided for the operation of the compressor 2 is also reduced, energy saving of the air conditioner 1 can be promoted.
In this embodiment, the water spraying system including the water pump 30, the water supply valve 61, the water supply pipe 62, the nozzle 63, and the like is air-conditioned with a center line 130 (see FIG. 9) along the longitudinal direction 100 of the air conditioner 1 being sandwiched. Two systems are installed on both sides of the device. In order to reduce the number of parts, for example, drain water may be supplied to the two nozzles 63 with one water pump 30.

FIG. 13 is an electric circuit for driving the water pump 30, the water supply valve 61 and the drain valve 66. When the electrical contact 51 of the outdoor blower 6 and the electrical contact 52 of the water level switch 34 are closed while the breaker 50 is turned on, the relay 54 is energized, the electrical contact 53 of the relay is turned on, and the water pump 30 is operated.
Here, the electrical contact 56 is a temperature switch that detects the motor coil temperature of the water pump 30 and opens the electrical contact when the temperature becomes higher than during normal operation. The drain valve 66 is turned on and off at the electrical contact 57 of the water level switch 34. However, when the outdoor blower 6 is stopped, the electrical contact 58 is closed, so that the drain valve 66 is opened.

When the water pump 30 is operated, the electrical contact 60 enters, the ON / OFF timer 59 is energized, and the water supply valve 32 connected to the electrical contact 62 of the ON / OFF timer 59 is energized intermittently. Here, the ON time and OFF time of the water supply valve 31 are 45 ° C. (DB) outside air and 28 ° C. (DB) / 23 ° C. indoor air, where the amount of drain water spray from the nozzle is the most severe high temperature condition. It sets so that it may become below the amount of drain water generation per time in the temperature condition of (WB).
That is, since the drain water generation amount is usually larger than the drain water spray amount, the excess drain water that is not sprayed is exposed from the end of the drain pipe 65 that extends to the outside by opening the drain valve 66 shown in FIG. To be drained.

On the other hand, when the indoor humidity decreases and the amount of water spray becomes larger than the amount of drain water generated, the water level gradually decreases and the amount of water in the water pump 30 becomes insufficient. As a result, the motor coil temperature of the water pump 30 rises, and the electrical contact 56 of the built-in temperature switch is opened, the power supply to the water pump 30 and the ON / OFF timer 59 is cut off, and the water pump 30 is operated. Stop.
When the water pump 30 is stopped and the motor coil temperature is lowered and the electrical contact 56 of the temperature switch is closed, the operation of the water pump 30 starts again and the above-described operation is repeated.

FIG. 14 is an operation timing chart of the water pump, the water supply valve, and the drain valve when the amount of sprayed drain water is larger than the amount of generated drain water. FIG. 15 shows the amount of drain water sprayed when the amount of drain water sprayed is It is an operation | movement timing chart of a water pump, a water supply valve, and a drain valve in the case of fewer than.
As shown in FIG. 14, the water pump 30 starts operation when the water level switch 64 operates (detects drain water) in a state where the outdoor fan 6 is operated. And if the water pump 30 is drive | operated, the water supply valve 61 will be opened and closed with a fixed period. By this operation, the next spray is performed before the evaporation of the water (drain water) sprayed on the fins 3b and the heat transfer tubes 3a of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 is completed, and the water sprayed before that is renewed. Moisture is added to form large water droplets that are prevented from falling off the outdoor heat exchanger 3 without evaporating. When the drain water is reduced and the temperature switch built in the motor of the water pump 30 is operated due to insufficient cooling, the operation of the water pump 30 and the opening / closing operation of the water supply valve 31 are stopped.
As shown in FIG. 15, since the amount of drain water generation is larger than the amount of water spray, the water level switch 64 operates even after the start of water spray. When the water level switch 34 is operated, the drain valve 36 is opened and the drain water is drained outside the air conditioner 1.

With the above configuration and operation, the flow area of water droplets flowing on the surfaces of the fins 3b of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 is increased, and further, leakage of drain water from the nozzle 63 can be prevented. The drain water to be evaporated can be efficiently evaporated in the outdoor heat exchanger 3. Due to the large latent heat of evaporation when drain water evaporates on the surfaces of the fins 3b of the outdoor heat exchanger 3, the outdoor heat exchanger 3 is cooled and its temperature is lowered. As the temperature decreases, the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant flowing inside the outdoor heat exchanger 3 decrease. Thereby, the load of the compressor 2 which sends a refrigerant | coolant to the outdoor heat exchanger 3 can be reduced effectively, and the power consumption of the compressor 2 can be reduced as a whole.
Since the amount of reduction in power consumption of the compressor 2 far exceeds the increase in power consumption required for spraying drain water such as the water pump 30, the power consumption of the entire air conditioner 1 can be reduced.

  As described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes various modifications. For example, the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described. Further, a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment. Further, it is possible to add, delete, and replace other configurations for a part of the configuration of each embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Air conditioner, 2 ... Compressor, 3 ... Outdoor heat exchanger, 4 ... Indoor heat exchanger,
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 5 ... Accumulator, 6 ... Outdoor fan, 6a ... Cooling air of outdoor fan, 7 ... Indoor fan, 8 ... Outdoor cover,
9 ... Outside air inlet, 10 ... Outside air outlet, 11 ... Indoor cover, 12 ... Return port,
13 ... Drain pan, 14 ... Water storage tank, 15 ... Drain hole, 20 ... Water level switch,
21 ... Fully filled electrode, 22 ... Air-water electrode, 30 ... Water pump, 31 ... Water suction pipe,
32 ... Water discharge pipe, 33 ... Strainer, 34 ... Solenoid valve, 35 ... Nozzle,
40 ... Breaker, 41 ... Electromagnetic contactor, 42 ... ON / OFF timer,
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 50 ... Railway vehicle, 52 ... Housing, 61 ... Water supply valve, 62 ... Water supply pipe, 63 ... Nozzle, 64 ... Water level switch, 65 ... Drain pipe, 66 ... Drain valve, 70 ... Housing, 80 ... Sprayed water droplet, 81 ... wind force, 82 ... gravity, 83 ... resultant force, 100 ... longitudinal direction, 110 ... width direction, 120 ... height direction, 130 ... center line (center line in the width direction of the railway vehicle and air conditioner)

Claims (7)

A railway vehicle air conditioner that is configured by a refrigeration cycle having a compressor, an indoor heat exchanger, an indoor fan, an outdoor heat exchanger, and an outdoor fan,
A spraying device that sucks the condensed water condensed in the indoor heat exchanger and sprays the condensed water on the outdoor heat exchanger, and is disposed below the indoor heat exchanger and is generated in the indoor heat exchanger. A drain pan for receiving the condensed water, and a tank for storing the condensed water received by the drain pan ,
The spraying device includes a pump for sucking the condensed water;
A switch that detects the amount of the condensed water stored and activates the pump;
A water supply valve for adjusting a flow rate of the condensed water pressurized by the pump;
A water supply pipe connected to the water supply valve;
A nozzle that is connected to the water supply pipe and sprays the condensed water onto the outdoor heat exchanger;
Consists of
Along with the ventilation from the outdoor blower, the condensed water is sprayed from the nozzle to the outdoor heat exchanger ,
The tank is provided at a gap between the bottom of the rail vehicle air conditioner and the roof of the rail vehicle along the longitudinal direction of the rail vehicle at the end of the rail vehicle air conditioner in the width direction of the rail vehicle. for railway vehicle air conditioning apparatus characterized by there. In the railway vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1,
The air conditioner for a railway vehicle, wherein the nozzle is provided at a position higher than the pump, the water supply valve, and the water supply pipe constituting the spraying device. In the rail vehicle air conditioner according to claim 2,
The outdoor heat exchanger is composed of a plurality of fins stacked at a predetermined interval, and a heat transfer tube penetrating the fins,
The fin is provided along the longitudinal direction of the outdoor heat exchanger in such a manner that the fin is inclined downward toward the widthwise end of the outdoor heat exchanger from the widthwise central portion of the outdoor heat exchanger. ,
The railway vehicle air conditioner characterized in that the condensed water sprayed from the nozzle is sprayed toward a lower surface portion of the fin near the center in the width direction of the outdoor heat exchanger. In the railway vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1 ,
An air conditioner for a railway vehicle , wherein the dew condensation water is intermittently sprayed from the nozzle onto the outdoor heat exchanger by the water supply valve . In the railway vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1 ,
The switch is
An air conditioner for a railway vehicle, wherein the pump is activated by detecting that the level of the condensed water in the tank is higher than a level at which the pump does not suck air. In the railway vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1,
An air conditioner for a railway vehicle, comprising a discharge port for discharging an excess of the condensed water from the drain pan to the outside of the air conditioner for the railway vehicle. A railway vehicle comprising the railway vehicle air-conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

Images