JP6333590B2 - Blower dust collector - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a blower dust collector that removes dust generated in tunnel construction and ventilates the dust.

  In tunnel construction, there are a variety of excavation methods depending on the ground properties and the scale of the tunnel. In addition to the shield method using shield machines that are frequently used mainly in urban areas, for example, a rock drill is used. Examples of the creation method used include blasting. In this way, in a tunnel construction method using a rock drill or blasting, a large amount of dust is generated in the tunnel mine during rock drilling or blasting, and exhaust gas discharged from equipment in the mine is also generated. Therefore, in order to maintain the underground environment, it is necessary to always remove dust and the like and supply fresh fresh air.

  In maintaining such an underground environment, a blast dust collector is generally applied, and there are various types of conventional blast dust collectors. In one form, a blower and a dust collector are prepared separately, and a plurality of devices are installed in a tunnel to blow and collect dust.

  In this form of air dust collector, there are multiple devices to be used, and in addition to installing each device individually, it takes time to replace these multiple devices according to the progress of tunnel construction, etc. There are challenges.

  On the other hand, the blast dust collector of another form is the form which employ | adopted the ventilation system which ensures a blast volume by applying a high performance dust collector.

  In the blow dust collector of this form, for example, there is a problem that large electric power is always consumed including the case where the amount of dust is small.

  Still another form of the air dust collector is a form using an electric dust collector as disclosed in Patent Document 1.

  Although the power consumption can be reduced by using an electric dust collector, the dust collection efficiency is lower than that of a general filter type dust collector. For this reason, there are problems such as preparing a large dust collector to obtain a certain dust collection performance and using a plurality of dust collectors.

JP 2008-196303 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and in the construction of a tunnel in which dust is generated from the face side, both the number of devices for blowing and dust collection and the power required for the operation of the device are reduced as much as possible. However, it aims at providing the ventilation dust collector which can perform efficient ventilation.

  In order to achieve the above object, a blower dust collector according to the present invention is composed of an air intake, a blower, and two flow paths A and B connecting these, and the flow path A is a dust collector having a filter in the middle. The flow path B is provided with a balloon type damper that can close the flow path in the middle, and when the amount of dust contained in the air flowing from the air intake port exceeds a threshold value, the balloon type damper swells and flows. The passage B is closed and the air is controlled so as to pass only through the passage A. When the amount of dust contained in the air flowing in from the air intake port is less than the threshold value, the balloon damper is deflated and the passage B is released. The air is controlled so as to pass through both the flow path A and the flow path B.

  The blower dust collector of the present invention is provided with two flow paths in the process of blowing air flowing in from an air intake port to, for example, one blower, and according to the amount of dust (or dust concentration) coming out from the face side. The number of devices for ventilation and dust collection by executing control that allows air to pass only through the flow path that includes the dust collector and control that allows air to pass through both the flow path that includes the dust collector and the flow path that does not. This makes it possible to perform efficient ventilation while reducing power consumption as much as possible and reducing power consumption as much as possible.

  A filter type dust collector is placed in one flow path A. Therefore, the dust collecting property is higher than that of the electric dust collector, and the size of the dust collector can be suppressed.

  The other channel B is equipped with a balloon type damper (balloon) that can freely close the channel B. When the air blower is activated, air flows into the air dust collector through the air intake port. When the amount of dust contained in the air flowing in is large, the balloon damper is inflated to close the flow path B, and the air is Control is performed so as to pass only through the channel A.

  Although it has two flow paths as described above, when the amount of dust is large, the air blowing dust collector mainly functions as a dust collecting device by allowing air to pass only through the flow path A having the dust collecting device, and the dust collecting of the blowing dust collecting device. The air from which the dust has been removed can be reliably exhausted to the outside of the mine.

  On the other hand, when the amount of dust is small or when the amount of dust is zero, the balloon damper is deflated and air is allowed to flow through the two flow paths. In this case, since the air does not have a dust collector and therefore mainly passes through the flow path B having a low flow resistance, the blower dust collector mainly functions as a blower. In this way, when the amount of dust is small or when there is no dust amount, a constant air volume can be supplied with a small amount of power (electric power).

  By the above effect | action, the ventilation dust collector of this invention has both a high dust collection function and ventilation function with little motive power, for example by one fan. In addition, the structure of a blower is various and is equipped with the suction fan at least, The form which equips a suction fan further with a ventilation fan, the form which comprises a ventilation silencer in addition to a suction fan and a ventilation fan, etc. are mentioned. be able to.

  Here, the “threshold value” for the amount of dust contained in the air is set based on the standard value stipulated in each site, in addition to the standard value stipulated in the “Guidelines for Dust Countermeasures in Construction Works such as Ducts” Is done. In the present specification, the threshold value of the dust amount includes the threshold value of the dust concentration, which is the dust amount in a certain volume.

  When the flow path is closed with a flat shutter or the like, a large load is easily applied when the shutter is opened and closed because the wind pressure is received on the entire surface of the shutter. On the other hand, by closing the flow path B with a balloon-type damper having a curved surface such as a spherical shape, smooth opening and closing can be realized even under a wind pressure condition.

  In addition, measurement of the amount of dust, which is a determinant of whether to release both the flow paths A and B or only the flow path A, is detected by a worker in the tunnel with a dust sensor. The balloon type damper may be opened and closed based on the above, or the blower dust collector may include a dust sensor, and the opening and closing of the balloon type damper may be automatically controlled.

  In particular, the latter automatic control mode is preferable from the viewpoint of automation of construction, labor reduction, and labor saving. A specific embodiment of the blast dust collector in this case includes a dust sensor, a fluid supply / suction unit that performs fluid supply to the balloon damper, and suction of fluid from the balloon damper, and stores the threshold value. And a control unit that receives sensing data from the dust sensor, compares the sensing data with a threshold value, and transmits an operation signal to the fluid supply / suction unit based on the calculation result. If exceeded, an operation signal is transmitted from the control unit to the fluid supply / suction unit, the fluid supply / suction unit is operated to supply the fluid to the balloon damper, and the balloon damper is inflated to flow. If the sensing data falls below the threshold value when A is blocked, send an activation signal to the fluid supply / suction unit to activate the fluid supply / suction unit. And it executes a control for sucking the fluid from the balloon damper.

  Here, the fluid supply / suction unit is a device in which one device selectively provides and sucks fluid, or a device that provides fluid and a device that sucks fluid consist of separate devices. Either may be sufficient.

For example, as an example of the fluid supply / suction unit, a mode in which a blower or a compressor capable of both suction and blowing is applied, or a mode in which the blower or the compressor is a fluid supply unit and a vacuum pump is individually provided as a fluid suction unit And so on.
Moreover, it is preferable that an expansion duct is attached to the air intake port.

  On the face side, there are drilling machines such as drill jumbo and breaker, as well as wheel loaders, dump trucks, sprayers, mixer trucks, etc., and the main body of the blast dust collector is often not close to the face side. It is. Even in such a case, a good underground environment cannot be maintained unless air containing dust generated on the face side is sucked on the face side as much as possible. Therefore, an expansion duct is attached to the air intake and the main body of the dust collector is located away from the face, but the extension duct is extended and the tip of the expansion duct is fixed at a position within 50 m from the face, for example. By placing it, it is possible to realize effective ventilation by the blower dust collector.

  Further, in a blower dust collector equipped with an extendable duct, a dust sensor is preferably attached to the tip of the extendable duct, that is, the end of the extendable duct opposite to the attachment end with respect to the air intake port. The amount of dust (or dust concentration) can be detected at a position close to the face, and dust removal with higher accuracy can be realized.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the blast dust collector is a self-propelled type so that the blast dust collector can be moved instantly as the tunnel construction progresses.

  For example, an embodiment in which a blower and two flow path components communicating with the blower are mounted on a loading platform of a large flat body truck can be given.

  As can be understood from the above description, according to the blower dust collector of the present invention, two flow paths are provided in the process of blowing air flowing in from the air intake port to, for example, one blower, and dust discharged from the face side Depending on the amount of air, it is necessary to allow air to pass only through the flow path equipped with the dust collector and control to allow air to pass through both the flow path equipped with the dust collector and the flow path not equipped with the dust collector. Efficient ventilation can be performed while reducing the number of devices as much as possible and reducing power consumption as much as possible.

It is a side view of embodiment of the ventilation dust collector of this invention. It is a figure explaining the operation | movement aspect of the ventilation dust collector when the amount of dust contained in air exceeds a threshold value. It is a figure explaining the operation | movement aspect of the ventilation dust collector in case the dust amount contained in air is below a threshold value. It is a figure explaining the construction situation in a tunnel. It is the schematic diagram which showed the whole ventilation layout in a tunnel. It is the figure which showed the experimental result regarding the working current reduction effect at the time of low speed driving | operation. It is the figure which showed the measurement result of the time required for each operation | work at the time of low speed driving | operation.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of an air dust collector of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, the blower dust collector shown in the figure is a form in which the blower dust collector is provided with a dust sensor, and the opening and closing of the balloon damper is automatically controlled based on sensing data regarding the measured dust amount. The worker in the tunnel may measure the amount of dust with the dust sensor, and the worker may operate the fluid supply / suction unit based on the measurement result to open and close the balloon damper. Of course.

(Embodiment of construction method of air dust collector)
FIG. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of the blast dust collector of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an operation mode of the blast dust collector when the amount of dust contained in air exceeds a threshold, and FIG. It is a figure explaining the operation | movement aspect of the ventilation dust collector in case the dust amount contained in air is below a threshold value. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a construction situation in the tunnel, and FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing an overall ventilation layout in the tunnel. In addition, although FIG. 4 is also a figure depending on construction showing tunnel construction, equipments, such as a drilling rock drill, a concrete sprayer, a loader, a conveyance dumper, and a concrete conveyance vehicle, are arrange | positioned at the face. These devices generate rock drill dust, shotcrete dust, and exhaust gas dust. The blower dust collector adopts a form in which dust generated on the face side from these devices is collected and exhausted to the wellhead side.

  The blower dust collector 10 shown in the figure has a two-stage hangar H mounted on the loading platform of the flat body truck 1, and the blower 2 protrudes from the front of the hangar H on the upper stage of the hangar H. It is a self-propelled blast dust collector that is mounted in a posture and in which a dust collector 4 including a large number of filters 41 is mounted in the lower stage of the hangar H. In addition, the non-self-propelled ventilation dust collector which each apparatus is mounted on the conveyance trolley, the whole is comprised, and is pulled by a tow vehicle or human power may be sufficient.

  The blower 2 includes a silencer 21, a suction fan 22, and a ventilation fan 23 connected in series in this order from the front side (wellhead side).

  In the upper part of the hangar H, a fluid supply / suction unit 7 is disposed behind the blower 2, and a balloon damper 5 that is in fluid communication with the fluid supply / suction unit 7 is disposed.

  The fluid supply / suction unit 7 includes a blower and a compressor that can perform both suction and ventilation and can automatically switch between the functions. In addition, the structure which provided the blower and the compressor separately as a fluid provision part, and provided the vacuum pump as a fluid suction part, respectively may be sufficient.

  A control unit 6 is disposed in front of the hangar H. The internal configuration and control mode of the control unit 6 will be described later.

  An air intake 3 is provided behind the hangar H, and an extendable duct 9 is attached to the air intake 3. The expansion duct 9 has various forms such as a form constituted by a bellows-like duct over its entire length, and a form of an illustrated example in which a bellows-like duct and a straight steel pipe are combined.

  A dust sensor 8 is attached to the distal end 91 of the telescopic duct 9. The dust sensor 8 measures the amount of dust (or dust concentration) generated on the face side, and transmits sensing data to the control unit 6. It is like that.

  In the hangar H of the blower dust collector 10, two flow paths A and B through which inflow air flows are formed between the air intake 3 and the blower 2.

  The flow path A is a flow path that passes from the air intake 3 through the lower dust collector 4 of the hangar H, moves from the middle position of the dust collector 4 to the upper stage of the hangar H, and leads to the blower 2. In the illustrated example, the filter 41 constituting the dust collector 4 is disposed up to the front of the hangar H, but a blocking wall for blocking the air flow is provided in the middle thereof. Therefore, the air flowing through the flow path A collides with the blocking wall in the middle of the dust collector 4 to change the flow path direction, flows upward through an opening (not shown) leading to the upper stage of the hangar H, and the upper stage of the hangar H. Will flow to the front blower 2 side.

  On the other hand, the flow path B is a flow path that passes from the air intake port 3 to the upper side of the deflated balloon-type damper 5 and moves straight forward to the blower 2. That is, in the flow path B, when the balloon type damper 5 is deflated, there is no obstacle that obstructs air flow, and free flow of air is guaranteed, while the balloon type damper 5 expands and the flow path When B is closed, air cannot flow.

  How the inflowing air flows through the channels A and B is determined by the amount of dust contained in the air. That is, when the amount of dust contained in the air flowing in from the air intake port 3 exceeds a preset threshold value, the balloon damper 5 in the hangar H is inflated to close the flow path B, so that the air flows. Control is performed so as to pass only through the path A. On the other hand, when the amount of dust contained in the air flowing in from the air intake 3 is less than the threshold value, the balloon damper 5 is deflated and the flow path B is released, and the air passes through both the flow path A and the flow path B. To be controlled.

  Although not shown, the control unit 6 is built in the computer, stores a threshold value data of the dust amount (or dust concentration), a receiving unit that receives sensing data from the dust sensor 8, sensing data, The calculation unit includes a calculation unit that compares and calculates a threshold value, a transmission unit that transmits an operation signal to the fluid supply / suction unit based on the calculation result, a RAM and a ROM, a bus that connects these units, and a CPU that controls these units.

  The threshold for the amount of dust is set based on the reference value defined in the “Guidelines for Dust Countermeasures in Construction Work such as Dirt Roads”, the reference value determined for each site, and the like.

  First, the operation | movement aspect of the ventilation dust collector 10 when the amount of dust contained in air exceeds a threshold value is demonstrated with reference to FIG.

  When the sensing data from the dust sensor 8 is transmitted to the control unit 6 (U1 direction), the control unit 6 performs a comparison operation with the threshold value, and when the sensing data is calculated to exceed the threshold value, the control unit An operation signal is transmitted from 6 to the fluid supply / suction unit 7 (U2 direction). The fluid supply / suction unit 7 that has received this operation signal operates to supply a predetermined amount of fluid (for example, compressed air) to the balloon damper 5, and the balloon damper 5 expands. The material of the balloon-type damper 5 is not particularly limited as long as it can be expanded (or expanded) without being ruptured by the provision of a fluid. A rubber-balloon damper, a woven balloon-type damper, and a non-woven balloon A type damper etc. are applicable.

  The flow path B is closed by the inflated balloon damper 5, and air flowing in from the air intake 3 (X1 direction) passes only through the flow path A provided with the dust collector 4 as shown in FIG.

  In this way, when the amount of dust is large, the air blowing dust collector 10 mainly functions as a dust collecting device by allowing air to pass only through the flow path A including the dust collecting device 4, and the dust collecting performance of the blowing dust collecting device 10 is increased. The air from which the dust has been removed can be exhausted to the wellhead side (X2 direction).

  Next, the operation | movement aspect of the ventilation dust collector 10 in case the dust amount contained in air is below a threshold value is demonstrated with reference to FIG.

  Sensing data from the dust sensor 8 is transmitted to the control unit 6 (U1 direction), the control unit 6 performs a comparison operation with a threshold value, and when the sensing data is calculated to be less than or equal to the threshold value, An actuation signal is transmitted to the supply / suction unit 7 (U2 direction), and the fluid supply / suction unit 7 that has received the signal operates to inflate fluid from the balloon-type damper 5 and swell the balloon-type damper 5. Wilt.

  When the balloon damper 5 is deflated, the flow path B is released, and the air flowing in from the air intake 3 (X1 direction) can flow through both the flow paths A and B as shown in FIG.

  In this case, since the dust collector 4 does not exist in the air, the air dust collector 10 mainly functions as a blower because the air mainly flows through the flow path B having a low flow resistance. In this way, when the amount of dust is small or when there is no dust amount, a constant air volume can be supplied with a small amount of power.

  In tunnel construction, the dust sensor 8 always measures the amount of dust, and by changing the application of the flow paths A and B according to the amount of dust, a clean underground environment while reducing power consumption. Can be maintained, and air from which dust has been sufficiently removed can be exhausted to the outside of the mine.

Next, with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, the construction situation in the tunnel will be described.
As shown in FIG. 4, in addition to the drilling machine of the drill jumbo 20 and the breaker 30, the wheel loader 40, the dump truck 50, the erector mounting sprayer 60, and the truck mixer 70 are operated in order from the face side in the tunnel. Waiting. Therefore, the main body of the blower dust collector 10 is in a state where it cannot approach the face side.

  Therefore, the telescopic duct 9 mounted on the air dust collector 10 is suspended from the top of the tunnel in a state where the duct is extended to the face side. Depending on the construction of the tunnel, the blower dust collector 10 was moved to the face side, or the telescopic duct 9 was extended and installed so that the tip of the telescopic duct 9 was located within 50 m from the face. Dust can be accurately measured by the dust sensor 8 and a good dust removal function can be achieved.

As shown in FIG. 5, the following ventilation modes can be applied as an example. In other words, use a telescopic duct with a diameter of φ1500mm and a length of 120m, use two 80kW dust collectors and exhaust fans, and use an exhaust duct with a diameter of φ1600mm and a length of 1000m at the wellhead side. Then, for the required ventilation rate of 1349m ³ / min, ventilation is performed at a ventilation rate of 1500m ³ / min using a 7.5kW air supply fan.

(Confirmation experiment and results regarding reduction of power consumption during low-speed operation)
The present inventors conducted a confirmation experiment regarding the effect of reducing the amount of power used during low-speed operation. This “during low speed operation” means when the amount of dust is small. It was confirmed that the power consumption can be reduced by reducing the filter load and suppressing the current value by using a balloon-type damper during low-speed operation and releasing the sucked air without passing through the filter. Here, FIG. 6 is a diagram showing experimental results regarding the effect of reducing the current used during low-speed operation, and FIG. 7 is a diagram showing measurement results of time required for each operation during low-speed operation.

  The experiment method is to use the current value when the balloon damper is deflated during low-speed operation and air is passed without passing through the filter (balloon damper OFF), and the balloon-type damper is used during low-speed operation. The current value (balloon damper ON) when passing through and passing was compared. Here, regarding the experiment of the current value shown in FIG. 6, the measurement period is 7 days, and the measurement period of the working time shown in FIG. 7 is 17 days.

From FIG. 6, it was found that when the balloon damper was ON, it was 85.3A, and when the balloon damper was OFF, it was 48.6A, and the average current value of 36.7A could be reduced.
Furthermore, the total work time for each work shown in FIG. 7 was 97 hours.
Therefore, in combination with the result of FIG. 6, it was found that the amount of power of reduced current value 36.7 A × voltage 400 V × low-speed operation total work time 97 hours = 1,423,960 W = 1,424 kW can be reduced.

  The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and there are design changes and the like without departing from the gist of the present invention. They are also included in the present invention.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Flat body truck, 2 ... Blower, 21 ... Silencer, 22 ... Suction fan, 23 ... Ventilation fan, 3 ... Air intake, 4 ... Dust collector, 41 ... Filter, 5 ... Balloon type damper, 6 ... Control part, 7 ... Fluid supply / suction part, 8 ... Dust sensor, 9 ... Telescopic duct, 10 ... Blower dust collector, H ... Hangar, A ... Channel A, B ... Channel B

Claims (5)

It is composed of an air intake, a blower, and two flow paths A and B connecting them,
The flow path A includes a dust collector having a filter in the middle thereof,
The flow path B is provided with a balloon type damper that can freely close the flow path in the middle thereof,
When the amount of dust contained in the air flowing in from the air intake exceeds the threshold, the balloon damper is inflated to close the flow path B, and the air is controlled to pass only through the flow path A.
When the amount of dust contained in the air flowing in from the air intake is below the threshold, the balloon damper is deflated and the flow path B is released, and the air is controlled to pass through both the flow path A and the flow path B. Blast dust collector. A dust sensor,
Providing a fluid to the balloon-type damper and a fluid providing / suction unit for performing suction of the fluid from the balloon-type damper;
A control unit that stores the threshold value and receives sensing data from the dust sensor, compares the sensing data with the threshold value, and transmits an operation signal to the fluid supply / suction unit based on the calculation result;
When the sensing data exceeds a threshold value, an operation signal is transmitted from the control unit to the fluid supply / suction unit, and the control is performed to operate the fluid supply / suction unit to supply the fluid to the balloon damper.
In the situation where the balloon damper is inflated and the flow path B is blocked, if the sensing data falls below the threshold value, an operation signal is sent to the fluid supply / suction unit, and the fluid supply / suction unit is operated. The blower dust collector according to claim 1, wherein control for sucking fluid from a balloon damper is executed.   The fluid supply / suction unit is either one in which one device selectively provides and sucks fluid, or the device that provides fluid and the device that sucks fluid are composed of individual devices. The blower dust collector according to claim 2.   The blower dust collector according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an expansion duct is attached to the air intake port. 5. The dust sensor according to claim 2 , wherein the dust sensor is attached to an end of the telescopic duct at an end opposite to the attachment end with respect to the air intake port. A dust collector as described in 1.

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