JP6362870B2 - Floating artificial ground - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an artificially formed ground, and relates to an artificial ground in which a foundation such as a house can be built and a building such as a house can be constructed in the same manner as a normal ground.

  Buildings such as houses are built on the foundation provided on the ground. There are various types of foundations. According to the Building Standard Law, the types that can be used are determined according to the allowable stress level for the force generated over a long period of time on the ground, that is, the strength of the ground. Specifically, foundations are required to be applied to soft ground with an allowable stress level of less than 20 kN / m2, and in the case of 20 to 30 kN / m2, either a foundation pile or a solid foundation can be applied. For strong ground of m2 or more, any of foundation pile, solid foundation and cloth foundation can be applied. When constructed according to the law, the strength of the house is high and safety is sufficiently secured. By the way, in a house, there is also a problem that underfloor inundation or underfloor inundation occurs due to river flooding, flooding, or storm surge caused by a typhoon. Such damage can be prevented to some extent by taking measures such as selecting a land with relatively high altitude and building a house, or in the case of low land, embedding. This is because the ground is high and the risk of flooding is reduced. However, there are cases where such measures cannot be taken depending on the land, and even if such measures are taken, it is not possible to completely prevent flooding. Specifically, the occurrence of heavy rain that exceeds expectations can be raised. In recent years, rainwater sometimes flows back and spouts out of manholes exceeding the drainage capacity of rainwater during heavy rain, and inundation damage occurs frequently even in relatively high-rise houses. Inundation damage also occurs due to the tsunami caused by the earthquake. In the Great East Japan Earthquake, in many of the houses built on land with sufficient elevation, flood damage and submergence accidents have occurred due to the tsunami.

JP 2006-249915 A

  Patent Document 1 describes a building that can cope with tsunami and storm surge. The building described in Patent Document 1 is provided with a base boat type floating body integrally with the building below. The carrier type floating body is formed by welding from an iron plate or a hollow square from an FRP, and has a trapezoid shape in which the bottom of the building is supported as a whole. The trolley type floating body has a buoyancy because it is formed in a hollow shape, but this trolley type floating body is put in a predetermined pool provided on the ground. Therefore, when water enters the pool due to tsunami or storm surge, the trolley type floating body rises by buoyancy. Therefore, the building constructed integrally with the trolley type floating body also rises and avoids inundation damage. Incidentally, the base boat type floating body described in Patent Document 1 is provided with a predetermined anchor pole at the lower part thereof. The tip of this anchor pole is fixed to the bottom of the pool and is telescopic. Even if water enters the pool and the trolley type floating body floats up, the anchor pole extends and the trolley type floating body is retained in the pool, so that the building can be prevented from drifting.

  A building provided with a trolley type floating body described in Patent Document 1 can be prevented from being flooded or submerged because it rises by buoyancy even if a river overflows, storm surges, or tsunamis occur. However, there are also problems to be solved. First, the carrier type floating body has a problem of high manufacturing cost or construction cost. A trolley type floating body is produced according to the shape of a building, and is manufactured from an iron plate by welding. Or it is manufactured from FRP. If it does so, the expert engineer familiar with welding and FRP will have to work in a construction site, and cost will increase. Next, the base boat type floating body described in Patent Document 1 has a problem in that there is an upper limit in the water level that can be handled. This carrier type floating body is connected to the bottom of the pool by an anchor pole, but if the anchor pole is fully extended, it cannot rise any further. If this happens, the building will be submerged if the water rushes at a high water level like a tsunami. The building described in Patent Document 1 also has legal problems. This carrier type floating body is a hollow structure and is formed integrally with the building and constitutes a part of the building. According to the current law, a building needs to be built on a predetermined foundation provided on the ground. However, since it does not have such a structure, it cannot be applied to a house. Furthermore, there is a possibility that the trolley type floating body cannot float horizontally with good balance. The pool in which the carrier type floating body is placed is formed to be slightly larger so as to ensure a predetermined gap from the carrier type floating body. When water enters the pool and the trolley type floating body starts to float, if the trolley type floating body rises obliquely, a part of the trolley type floating body is caught on the wall surface of the pool. If it does so, it will not be able to rise any further and the flood damage to the building will not be avoided.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems. Specifically, it can be easily constructed at a low cost, and water with a high water level rushes due to river flooding, flooding, storm surge or tsunami. However, it aims to provide an artificial ground that can rise reliably and prevent flooding damage, and has no legal problems.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is configured as an artificial ground on which a solid building, a fabric foundation, and an independent foundation are provided to build a building. The artificial ground is composed of a dock composed of a horizontal bottom surface and a wall surface, and a float body placed on the bottom surface of the dock with a predetermined gap from the wall surface of the dock. The float body is composed of a plurality of precast concrete floating blocks each having a square top surface and a rectangular parallelepiped shape . The floating block is composed of a rectangular parallelepiped core made of foamed plastic and a shell made of reinforced concrete covering the outer peripheral portion with a predetermined thickness. The float body, a plurality of floating blocks are laid on the basis of the weight and center of gravity of the building, fixing clasp with such plurality of floating blocks each other are connected by the connecting brackets and the locking device It is formed to be fixed with.

That is, the invention described in claim 1 is an artificial ground in which a foundation such as a solid foundation, a cloth foundation, and an independent foundation is provided on the upper surface, and a building is built on the foundation, The ground is composed of a dock formed on the ground, which is composed of a horizontal bottom surface and a wall surface, and a float body which is detachably mounted on the bottom surface of the dock with a predetermined clearance from the wall surface of the dock. The float body is composed of a plurality of precast concrete floats having a rectangular parallelepiped shape whose upper surface shape is formed of a rectangular parallelepiped core of foamed plastic and a shell of reinforced concrete covering the outer peripheral portion of the core with a predetermined thickness. And the number of the floating blocks is determined based on the weight of the building, and the plurality of floating blocks are laid out based on the center of gravity of the building. The floating body block is configured such that a connecting metal fitting or a locking tool is fixed at a lower position of the floating body block, and the floating body block provided with the connecting metal fitting and the floating body block provided with the locking tool are arranged at an upper and lower height. And the sliding brackets are connected to each other so that the heights of the upper and lower sides are aligned with each other, and the connecting bracket and the locking tool are connected to each other. The connected adjacent floating body blocks are configured as an artificial ground characterized in that their upper surfaces are fixed to each other by fixing metal fittings .
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the artificial ground according to the first aspect, a sliding member or a roller is provided in a gap between a side surface of the float body and a wall surface of the dock. Configured as ground.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the artificial ground according to the first or second aspect, the floating block is configured as an artificial ground in which a plurality of shallow grooves are formed on a bottom surface.

As described above, the present invention is provided with a foundation such as a solid foundation, a cloth foundation, and an independent foundation, and is configured as an artificial ground on which a building is constructed. You can build a building according to The artificial ground is composed of a horizontal bottom surface and a wall surface, a dock provided on the ground, and a float body that is detachably mounted on the bottom surface of the dock with a predetermined gap from the wall surface of the dock. Therefore, when the water comes in due to river flooding, flooding, storm surge, tsunami, etc., the water enters the dock and the float body rises. This can prevent the building from being damaged by water. In addition, since the float body is placed so as to be separable, there is no restriction on the floating of the float body, and the building will not be submerged or submerged even if the level of water to be pushed is high. Further, according to the present invention, the float body is formed from a rectangular parallelepiped floating body block having a plurality of top surfaces , and a plurality of floating bodies are spread and adjacent floating body blocks are joined together. A precast concrete comprising a rectangular parallelepiped core and a shell made of reinforced concrete that is integral with the core and covers the outer periphery of the core with a predetermined thickness. The floating body block can be manufactured in the factory, and the float body can be manufactured by carrying it to the construction site, laying it down on the site, and connecting it, so that the manufacturing cost or the construction cost can be reduced. Furthermore, since float bodies of various shapes and various sizes can be configured from one type of floating body block, the floating body block can be mass-produced and the cost can be reduced.

And according to the present invention, the number of floating blocks is determined based on the weight of the building, and a plurality of floating blocks are arranged based on the position of the center of gravity of the building, thereby corresponding to any building It can be done. In other words, since a float body can be designed freely, any building can be used, and such a building can be floated horizontally and in a balanced manner during a flood. Further, the floating body block has a connecting metal fitting or a locking tool fixed at the lower position thereof, and the floating body block provided with the connecting metal fitting and the floating body block provided with the locking tool are shifted from each other in the vertical direction. The connecting metal fitting and the locking tool are connected by contacting and sliding to align the upper and lower heights, whereby two adjacent floating body blocks are connected, and the adjacent adjacent floating body blocks are connected to each other. Are fixed to each other by fixing metal fittings on the upper surface. That is, two adjacent floating body blocks can be easily connected, and the float body can be easily manufactured , and the floating body blocks connected to each other can be fixed. According to another invention, a sliding member or a roller is provided in the gap between the side surface of the float body and the wall surface of the dock. When water floats in the dock and the float body rises, there is a possibility that the float body may be temporarily inclined and a part of the float body may be caught on the dock wall surface. As a result, the float body is guaranteed to slide against the dock and is not hindered from rising. According to another invention, the floating block has a plurality of shallow grooves formed on the bottom surface. Then, a plurality of shallow grooves are formed on the bottom surface of the float body. When water is immersed in the dock, the shallow grooves allow water to uniformly enter the bottom surface of the float body, so that part of the float body does not stick to the bottom surface of the dock, and the float body can float without resistance. Can be guaranteed.

It is front sectional drawing which shows the artificial ground which concerns on embodiment of this invention, and the building constructed in this artificial ground. It is a perspective view which shows the floating body block which concerns on embodiment of this invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which shows the joining method of the floating body block which concerns on embodiment of this invention, The (a), (b), (c) is a perspective view which shows a mode that two floating body blocks are connected with the metal fitting for connection. (D) is a top view showing a state where four floating body blocks are fixed by a fixing bracket, and (E) is an upper surface showing a state where two floating body blocks are fixed by a fixing bracket. FIG. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which shows the method of constructing the artificial ground which concerns on embodiment of this invention, The (a), (b) is a perspective view of the artificial ground in each step of construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which shows a part of artificial ground which concerns on embodiment of this invention, The (a) and (b) are front sectional views and top views which show a part of artificial ground which concerns on 1st Embodiment, The (c) and (d) are a front sectional view and a top view showing a part of the artificial ground according to the second embodiment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure explaining the effect | action of the artificial ground which concerns on embodiment of this invention, The (a), (b) is front sectional drawing which shows the artificial ground and building which float according to the magnitude | size of a flood and a tsunami, respectively. is there.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. As shown in FIG. 1, the artificial ground 1 according to the present embodiment is configured as a ground on which a building K can be constructed in the same manner as a conventional ground. That is, the artificial ground 1 can be provided with a solid foundation B on its upper surface as shown in FIG. 1 or a cloth foundation. An independent foundation can also be provided, and the type of foundation that can be provided is not limited. The artificial ground 1 according to the present embodiment can build the building K on the foundation B as in the conventional case.

  The artificial ground 1 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail later in the construction method. From the dock 3 formed on the ground J at a predetermined depth and the float body 4 placed in the dock 3. It is configured. The dog 3 is composed of a horizontal bottom surface 5 and wall surfaces 6, 6, and is a pool in which water rushed in due to flood, tsunami, etc. is submerged. The shape and size of the float body 4 are determined in consideration of the shape of the floor surface of the building K and the relationship between the building K and buoyancy. The float body 4 is composed of a plurality of floating body blocks 8, 8,... Described below so as to have such a shape and size. Are integrally formed. Such a float body 4 is put in the dock 3 in a state where a predetermined gap is secured from the wall surface 6 of the dock 3. Rather, the shape and size of the dog 3 are designed in consideration of the shape and size of the float body 4, and are determined so that a predetermined gap is secured between the side surface of the float body 4 and the wall surface 6 of the dog 3. ing. The float body 4 placed in the dog 3 is provided on the bottom surface 5 of the dog 3 and is not restrained by the dog 3. That is, it is placed on the bottom surface 5 of the dog 3 so as to be separated. Therefore, when water enters the dog 3 due to flood, tsunami, etc., the float body 4 and the building K built on it float up.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the floating body block 8 constituting the float body 4 according to the present embodiment has a rectangular parallelepiped shape whose upper surface shape is made of precast concrete manufactured in a factory. . The floating block 8 includes a rectangular parallelepiped core 10 made of foamed plastic and a reinforced concrete shell 11 which is integrally formed with the core 10 and covers the four side surfaces of the core 10 with a predetermined thickness. Has been. In the present embodiment, foamed polystyrene is selected as the material of the core 10 as foamed plastic, but other types of foamed plastic may be used. However, the floating block 8 is required to have a strength of 30 kN / m2 with respect to the allowable stress level for the force generated in the long term against the ground as stipulated in the Building Standards Act, and the type of foam plastic is selected so as to have such strength. It is necessary to Styrofoam is a material that satisfies these requirements, and has high durability and is optimal as a material for the artificial ground 1.

  In the floating block 8 according to the present embodiment, the four sides are covered with a predetermined thickness by the shell 11, but the corners 13, 13,... Where the two sides are joined are chamfered by the core 10. Therefore, the shell 11 is thereby formed thick, and the strength is increased as a whole. .. Are embedded in the upper surfaces of the corner portions 13, 13,... So that a plurality of adjacent floating blocks 8 can be fixed by a predetermined fixing bracket as will be described later. It has become. These nuts 14 and 14 can also be attached with hanging hooks for hanging the floating body block 8. Like the nuts 14, 14,..., A plurality of nuts 15, 15,. To be precise, for each corner portion 13, 13,..., Two nuts 15 and 15 are embedded on the right side with respect to the ridgeline, and one nut 15 is embedded on the left side. It is. As will be described later, a connecting bracket can be attached to the right side surface, and a locking tool can be attached to the left side surface.

  The floating block 8 according to the present embodiment has a plurality of shallow grooves 16, 16,. Therefore, a plurality of shallow grooves 16, 16,... Are also formed at the bottom of the float body 4 formed from a plurality of floating body blocks 8. When water is immersed in the dog 3, the water is uniformly distributed on the bottom of the float body 4 through the shallow grooves 16, 16,. Therefore, the float body 14 can float with good balance without sticking to the bottom surface 5 of the dog 3.

  The floating body block 8 according to the present embodiment is configured such that two floating body blocks 8 can be connected by the connecting metal fitting 18 and the locking tool 21 shown in FIG. The connecting metal fitting 18 is made of a rectangular metal plate, two bolt holes are formed, and one locking notch 19 is formed. The connecting metal fitting 18 can be fixed to the lower portion of the floating block 8 by two bolts 20 and 20 inserted through the two bolt holes. The locking notch 19 is cut from the long side below the coupling metal 18 to the center of the plate width, and the center of the notch is formed in a semicircular shape. A locking tool 21 made of a bolt is locked to the semicircular portion. The locking tool 21 is also attached below the floating body block 8. The floating body block 8 to which the connecting metal fitting 18 is attached and the floating body block 8 to which the locking member 21 is attached can be connected as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 3A, the floating body block 8 to which the locking tool 21 is attached is installed. Next, the floating body block 8 to which the coupling metal fitting 18 is attached is hung to a slightly higher position so that the side surface of the floating body block 8 abuts on the side surface of the floating body block 8 provided with the locking member 21. The floating body block 8 is lowered with the side surfaces in contact with each other. Then, as shown in FIG. 3C, the bolt, that is, the locking tool 21 is locked in the locking notch 19 of the connecting metal fitting 18. Thereby, the two floating body blocks 8 are connected by the respective lower portions. The floating body block 8 according to the present embodiment can easily connect the floating body blocks 8 and 8 simply by attaching the connecting bracket 18 and the locking tool 21 in advance. The float body 4 needs to be assembled from a plurality of floating body blocks 8, 8,..., But it must be assembled in the dog 3 having no space so that it can be easily connected in this way. .

  In the present embodiment, the four floating blocks 8, 8,... Can be fixed to each other on the upper surface by the first fixing mold 23 as shown in FIG. It has become. The two floating blocks 8, 8 can be fixed to each other on the upper surface by the second fixing mold 24 as shown in FIG. As described above, the two adjacent floating body blocks 8 and 8 are connected to each other by the connecting mold 18 at the lower portion thereof, but the adjacent floating body blocks 8 and 8 are relatively displaced in the vertical height. And the connection will be released. However, if the upper surfaces of the floating blocks 8, 8,... Are fixed by the first and second fixing molds 23, 24, the height of the floating blocks 8, 8 is not shifted, so that the connection is not released.

  A construction method for constructing the artificial ground 1 according to the present embodiment will be described. The artificial ground 1 determines the shape and size of the float body 4 in consideration of the shape of the floor surface of the building to be constructed, the weight and buoyancy of the building, and then the float body 4 secures a predetermined gap. The shape and size of the dog 3 are determined so that they can be inserted. The dog 3 determined in this way is first constructed. As shown in FIG. 4A, in accordance with the contour of the dog 3 to be constructed, a plurality of H-section steels 28, 28,... Type in. The driving depth is set to be deeper than the depth of the dog 3, and driving is completely performed so that the end faces of the H-shaped steels 28, 28,... Do not come out from the height of the ground. Next, the ground is excavated by back fore to the shape of the dog 3. The depth of excavation should be slightly deeper than the depth of the dog 3. The reinforced concrete plates 29, 29,... Having a predetermined width and a predetermined thickness are inserted between the adjacent H-section steels 28, 28,. The reinforced concrete plates 29, 29,... Are also made such that their upper end faces are equal to the height of the ground. The wall surfaces 6, 6 of the dog 3 are formed from these H-shaped steels 28, 28,... And the reinforced concrete plates 29, 29,. The ground is leveled on the excavated ground, and crushed stones are laid and rolled. In this state, the construction of the dog 3 may be completed. In this case, the surface of the crushed crushed stone becomes the bottom surface 5. However, if necessary, leveled concrete 30 is placed on the crushed stone to form the bottom surface 5. This state is shown in FIG. Dog 3 is completed.

  Next, the float body 4 is assembled. The number of floating body blocks 8, 8,... Necessary for assembling the float body 4 is prepared. The arrangement of the respective floating body blocks 8, 8,... Is determined, and the necessary number of connecting metal fittings 18 and locking tools 21 are previously attached to the respective floating body blocks 8, 8,. Just install it. .. Are suspended by attaching suspension hooks or the like to the upper surfaces of the floating blocks 8, 8..., And are sequentially placed on the bottom surface 30 in the dog 3 according to the determined arrangement. If it does so, as mentioned above, the metal fitting 18 for connection and the latching tool 21 will be connected, and the adjacent floating body blocks 8 and 8 will be connected. When all the floating blocks 8, 8,... Are placed in the dog 3 and connected, the upper surfaces of the floating blocks 8, 8,... Are fixed by the first and second fixing brackets 23, 24. The assembly of the float body 4 is completed. This state is shown in FIG.

  In the artificial ground 1 according to the present embodiment, when the water is immersed in the dog 3, the float body 4 floats, but the float body 4 is caught on the wall surface of the dog 3 so that the float is not hindered. In addition, a predetermined member for ensuring slippage is provided. In the first embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, a plurality of rubber sliding members 32, 32,... Having a predetermined length are provided. The sliding members 32, 32,... Have a semicircular arc shape with a predetermined thickness, and when pressed from the outside, the semicircle is crushed and deformed. These sliding members 32, 32,... Are provided between the side surface of the float body 4, that is, the side surface of the outer floating body block 8 and the wall surface 6 of the dog 3. Therefore, even if the float body 4 is temporarily inclined when the float body 4 floats, the float body 4 does not directly contact the wall surface 6 of the dog 3 by hitting the sliding members 32, 32,. 4 can float smoothly without being caught. The sliding members 32, 32,... May be provided on the float body 4 side or may be provided on the dog 3 side. Moreover, you may form from the resin material which was not rubber and was provided with flexibility.

  5 (c) and 5 (d) show the second embodiment, but instead of the sliding member, a plurality of rollers 33, 33,... Are provided between the float body 4 and the dog 3. Is provided. The float body 4 can float smoothly without being caught in the dog 3 by the rollers 33, 33,. These rollers 33, 33,... May also be provided on the floater body 4 side, or may be provided on the dog 3 side.

  In the artificial ground 1 according to the present embodiment, a predetermined gap is formed between the wall surface 6 of the dog 3 and the side surface of the float body 4. A cover 35 made of a material having water permeability is placed on the gap so that foreign matter such as dust does not enter the gap. The manner in which the cover 35 is provided is shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 (A) and (C).

  The operation of the artificial ground 1 according to the present embodiment will be described. On the artificial ground 1, a building K is constructed as shown in FIG. When a river overflows or floods due to heavy rain, the water is pushed into the dog 3. Then, buoyancy is generated in the float body 4. When the water level of the water immersed in the dog 3 is low, the float body 4 does not float due to the weight of the building K. However, when the dog 3 is filled with water and the water level exceeds the height of the ground J, the float body 4 rises against the weight of the building K, and the bottom surface of the float body 4 is the bottom surface of the dog 3. 5 apart. This state is shown in FIG. The weight of the building K is calculated at the time of construction so that the water level does not rise until the water level reaches the level of the ground J, and the rising of the ground level J starts reliably. The number of the floating body blocks 8, 8,... Is determined, and the shape of the float body 4 is designed. When the river overflows or floods are settled and the water is drawn, the float body 4 that has surfaced lands on the bottom surface 5 of the dog 3 and returns to the state shown in FIG.

  When water of a very high water level rushes due to a large tsunami or the like, the building K and the float body 4 rise further, and as shown in FIG. Leave. Then, the building K drifts according to the flow of water, but the inundation and submergence of the building K are avoided, and the lives of residents are protected.

  The artificial ground 1 according to the present embodiment can be variously modified. For example, although the floating block 8 has been described as having a square top surface, it may be rectangular. Moreover, although the shell 11 demonstrated covering the core 10 only on the side surface, you may coat | cover also the upper surface and the bottom face.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Artificial ground 3 Dog 4 Float body 5 Bottom surface 6 Wall surface 8 Floating body block 10 Core 11 Shell 16 Shallow groove 18 Connecting metal fitting 19 Locking notch 21 Locking tool 23 First fixing metal fitting 24 Second fixing metal fitting 28 H-shaped steel 29 Reinforced concrete plate 32 Sliding member 33 Roller 35 Cover K Building B Foundation J Ground

Claims (3)

A foundation such as a solid foundation, a cloth foundation, and an independent foundation is provided on the upper surface, and an artificial ground on which a building is built,
The artificial ground is composed of a horizontal bottom surface and a wall surface, a dock provided on the ground, and a float body that is detachably mounted on the bottom surface of the dock with a predetermined gap from the dock wall surface; Consisting of
The float body is formed of a plurality of precast concrete floating blocks having a rectangular parallelepiped shape having a rectangular top surface formed of a rectangular parallelepiped core of foamed plastic and a shell of reinforced concrete covering the outer periphery of the core with a predetermined thickness. And the number of the floating body blocks is determined based on the weight of the building, and the plurality of floating body blocks are spread and formed based on the center of gravity of the building,
In the floating block, a connecting metal fitting or a locking tool is fixed at a lower position thereof, and the floating block provided with the connecting metal fitting and the floating body block provided with the locking tool are shifted in the vertical height. The connecting metal fitting and the locking tool are connected by sliding the side surfaces of each other and sliding to align the upper and lower heights, thereby connecting the two adjacent floating body blocks. The artificial ground , wherein the adjacent floating body blocks that are adjacent to each other are fixed to each other by a fixing bracket on the upper surface thereof . 2. The artificial ground according to claim 1 , wherein a sliding member or a roller is provided in a gap between a side surface of the float body and a wall surface of the dock. The artificial ground according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the floating body block has a plurality of shallow grooves formed on a bottom surface.

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