JP6389596B2 - Impermeable material - Google Patents
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- JP6389596B2 JP6389596B2 JP2013186297A JP2013186297A JP6389596B2 JP 6389596 B2 JP6389596 B2 JP 6389596B2 JP 2013186297 A JP2013186297 A JP 2013186297A JP 2013186297 A JP2013186297 A JP 2013186297A JP 6389596 B2 JP6389596 B2 JP 6389596B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/30—Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions
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Description
本発明は、海面に設けられる管理型廃棄物最終処分場などの遮水に用いられる変形追随性の遮水材に関する。 The present invention relates to a modified tracking of water shield material used in impervious, such as managed waste landfills provided sea.
海面に設けられる管理型廃棄物最終処分場（以下、海面処分場という。）においては、長期にわたって有害物質の漏出を防止する必要があるため、確実な遮水が要求される。例えば、海面処分場の底面とその周囲に遮水シートを敷設した構造の場合、遮水シートの継目や、敷設後に破損した箇所の遮水が難しいという問題がある。また、海面処分場の護岸を鋼矢板や鋼管矢板で築造した構造の場合には、鋼矢板や鋼管矢板の継手の止水が必要となるが、波浪や地震動により矢板が変形し、継手止水が破損して漏水する懸念がある。このような問題の対策技術のひとつとして、浚渫粘土などの粘性土を母材とし、ベントナイトを混合した変形追随性を有する土質形の遮水材を用いて遮水を行う技術が知られている。ベントナイトは、モンモリロナイトを主成分とし、膨潤性を示すため、遮水材の透水係数を低く維持する作用がある。しかし、母材となる海成粘土の入手が困難な場合がある。海成粘土の代替として、砂や、陸上から採取した粘土を用いることも考えられるが、海成粘土と比べて費用が嵩む。そこで、海成粘土の代替として石炭灰を用いることが提案されている（例えば、特許文献１、２）。 In the managed waste final disposal site (hereinafter referred to as the “sea surface disposal site”) provided on the sea surface, it is necessary to prevent leakage of harmful substances over a long period of time. For example, in the case of a structure in which a water-impervious sheet is laid on and around the bottom of the sea surface disposal site, there is a problem that it is difficult to shield the seam of the water-impervious sheet and a portion damaged after laying. In addition, when the seawall disposal site is constructed with steel sheet piles or steel pipe sheet piles, it is necessary to stop the joints of steel sheet piles and steel pipe sheet piles. There is a concern of water leakage due to damage. As one of the countermeasure techniques for such problems, a technique is known in which water is sealed using a soil-shaped water-blocking material having a deformation-tracking property in which viscous clay such as clay is used as a base material and bentonite is mixed. . Bentonite has montmorillonite as a main component and exhibits swelling properties, and thus has an action of keeping the water permeability coefficient of the water shielding material low. However, it may be difficult to obtain marine clay as a base material. As an alternative to marine clay, it may be possible to use sand or clay collected from land, but this is more expensive than marine clay. Thus, it has been proposed to use coal ash as an alternative to marine clay (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
遮水材の特性として、まず、透水係数が十分に低いこと（透水係数が１．０×１０-6ｃｍ/ｓ以下）が要求される。また、廃棄物の荷重や地震などの外力によって亀裂や破断を生じない程度の変形追随性が要求される。また、施工においてはスラリー状の遮水材を圧送するため、圧送可能な程度の流動性が要求される。
そこで、本発明は、低透水性と変形追随性と流動性を実現し得る低コストな土質系の遮水材を提供することを目的とする。
As a characteristic of the water shielding material, first, it is required that the water permeability coefficient is sufficiently low (the water permeability coefficient is 1.0 × 10 −6 cm / s or less). In addition, deformation followability is required so as not to cause cracks and breakage due to external loads such as waste loads and earthquakes. Moreover, since the slurry-like water-impervious material is pumped in the construction, fluidity that can be pumped is required.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a low-cost soil-based water shielding material capable of realizing low water permeability, deformation followability, and fluidity.
本発明は、母材である石炭灰と、ベントナイトと海水とを含み、含水比が７１％以上１３１％以下の遮水材であって、前記ベントナイトに対する前記石炭灰の質量比が０．８以上３．４以下である遮水材を提供する。 The present invention is a water shielding material containing coal ash as a base material, bentonite and seawater, and having a moisture content of 71% or more and 131% or less, wherein the mass ratio of the coal ash to the bentonite is 0.8 or more. 3.4 to provide an der Ru water-impervious material below.
本発明によれば、低透水性と変形追随性と流動性を実現し得る低コストな土質系の遮水材を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a low-cost soil-based water shielding material capable of realizing low water permeability, deformation followability, and fluidity.
本発明を実施するための形態について説明する。最初に、遮水材の材料について説明する。遮水材の材料は、石炭灰（フライアッシュ）とベントナイトと海水である。
石炭灰は、例えば、石炭火力発電所における微粉炭燃焼によって生成される。図１は、本実施形態で用いた石炭灰の粒径加積曲線を示す図である。密度は、２．２７１ｔ／ｍ3である。
A mode for carrying out the present invention will be described. First, the material of the water shielding material will be described. The material of the water shielding material is coal ash (fly ash), bentonite, and seawater.
Coal ash is produced, for example, by pulverized coal combustion in a coal-fired power plant. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a particle size accumulation curve of coal ash used in the present embodiment. The density is 2.271 t / m 3 .
ベントナイトは、モンモリロナイトを主成分とする粘土鉱物であり、水と混合することにより膨潤し、母材の空隙を埋めて透水係数を低下させる。ベントナイトには、ナトリウム型とカルシウム型があるが、膨潤性が高いことからナトリウム型ベントナイトを用いることが望ましい。本実施形態で使用したワイオミング産のベントナイトは、密度＝２．６４１ｔ／ｍ3、膨潤力＝２０ｍｌ／２ｇ以上、ｐＨ＝９．２乃至１０．２、真水での液性限界ｗL＝６３２％、海水（塩分濃度３％）での液性限界ｗL＝２４５％である。 Bentonite is a clay mineral containing montmorillonite as a main component, and swells when mixed with water, fills voids in the base material and lowers the hydraulic conductivity. There are two types of bentonite, sodium type and calcium type. It is desirable to use sodium type bentonite because of its high swellability. The Wyoming bentonite used in this embodiment has a density of 2.641 t / m 3 , a swelling power of 20 ml / 2 g or more, a pH of 9.2 to 10.2, and a liquid limit w L of fresh water of 632%. The liquid limit w L in seawater (3% salinity) = 245%.
次に、遮水材の試験について説明する。本実施形態では、石炭灰に海水を混合して石炭灰スラリーを作製し、この石炭灰スラリーにベントナイトを混合することによって遮水材の試験用サンプルを作製した。図２は、試験用サンプルの配合と試験結果を示す表である。この試験では、ベントナイトスラリーの透水係数を、ｋ＝２×１０-7ｃｍ／ｓ（Ｗ３）とｋ＝１×１０-7ｃｍ／ｓ（Ｗ４）の２通りに調整した。また、石炭灰スラリーの含水比を、ｗ＝４０％（Ｆ３）、ｗ＝３０％（Ｆ４）、ｗ＝２０％（Ｆ５）の３通りに調整した。また、ベントナイトスラリーと石炭灰スラリーの体積比を、ベントナイトスラリー：石炭灰スラリー＝８：２、５：５、２：８の３通りに調整した。そして、これらの互いに異なる組み合わせである１８ケースについて、フロー試験、ベーンせん断試験、変水位透水試験、圧密試験を行った。 Next, the test of the water shielding material will be described. In this embodiment, seawater was mixed with coal ash to prepare a coal ash slurry, and a test sample for a water shielding material was prepared by mixing bentonite with this coal ash slurry. FIG. 2 is a table showing the composition of test samples and test results. In this test, the permeability coefficient of the bentonite slurry was adjusted in two ways: k = 2 × 10 −7 cm / s (W3) and k = 1 × 10 −7 cm / s (W4). Moreover, the water content ratio of the coal ash slurry was adjusted in three ways: w = 40% (F3), w = 30% (F4), and w = 20% (F5). Moreover, the volume ratio of the bentonite slurry and the coal ash slurry was adjusted to three types of bentonite slurry: coal ash slurry = 8: 2, 5: 5, and 2: 8. And about 18 cases which are these mutually different combinations, the flow test, the vane shear test, the water level permeability test, and the consolidation test were done.
フロー試験（旧日本道路公団ＪＨＳ Ａ３１３）で得られたフロー値によって遮水材の流動性を評価した。また、ベーンせん断試験（地盤工学会ＪＧＳ １４１１）によって得られた、混練直後、１日後（図中「１ｄ」）、７日後（図中「７ｄ」）、２８日後（図中「２８ｄ」）の各ベーンせん断強さによって、遮水材の変形追随性を評価した。また、変水位透水試験（地盤工学会ＪＧＳ ０３１１）と圧密試験（地盤工学会ＪＧＳ ０４１２）を併用して求めた透水係数によって、遮水材の低透水性を評価した。 The fluidity of the water shielding material was evaluated based on the flow value obtained in the flow test (formerly Japan Highway Public Corporation JHS A313). Also, immediately after kneading, obtained by the vane shear test (Geotechnical Society JGS 1411), after 1 day (“1d” in the figure), after 7 days (“7d” in the figure), and after 28 days (“28d” in the figure) The deformation followability of the water shielding material was evaluated by each vane shear strength. Moreover, the low water permeability of the water-impervious material was evaluated by the water permeability coefficient obtained by using both the water level permeability test (Geotechnical Society JGS 0311) and the consolidation test (Geotechnical Society JGS 0412).
図２における「ｃａｓｅＮｏ．」は、上記の１８ケースの各々に割り当てた識別子である。ｃａｓｅＮｏ．の先頭から２文字は、ベントナイトスラリーの透水係数（Ｗ３、Ｗ４）を表し、次の２文字は石炭灰スラリーの含水比（Ｆ３、Ｆ４、Ｆ５）を表し、枝番号がベントナイトスラリーと石炭灰スラリーの体積比に割り当てた識別番号を表す（１が８：２、２が５：５、３が２：８）。例えばｃａｓｅＮｏ．がＷ３Ｆ３−１の場合は、ベントナイトスラリーの透水係数がＷ３（ｋ＝２×１０-7ｃｍ／ｓ）で、石炭灰スラリーの含水比がＦ３（ｗ＝４０％）で、ベントナイトスラリーと石炭灰スラリーの体積比が１（ベントナイトスラリー：石炭灰スラリー＝８：２）ということになる。 “CaseNo.” In FIG. 2 is an identifier assigned to each of the 18 cases. caseNo. The first two letters represent the permeability coefficient (W3, W4) of the bentonite slurry, the next two letters represent the moisture content of the coal ash slurry (F3, F4, F5), and the branch numbers are bentonite slurry and coal ash slurry. (1 is 8: 2, 2 is 5: 5, 3 is 2: 8). For example, caseNo. Is W3F3-1, the permeability coefficient of bentonite slurry is W3 (k = 2 × 10 −7 cm / s), the moisture content of coal ash slurry is F3 (w = 40%), bentonite slurry and coal ash The volume ratio of the slurry is 1 (bentonite slurry: coal ash slurry = 8: 2).
「１ｍ3あたりの質量（ｔ／ｍ3）」は、試験用サンプル１ｍ3あたりに含まれるベントナイト（ＷＢ）、石炭灰（ＦＡ）、海水（ｗａｔｅｒ）の質量である。「含水比ｗ（％）」は、試験用サンプルの含水比、すなわち、石炭灰とベントナイトとの質量の和に対する海水の質量比を百分率で表したものである。「１ｍ3あたりの体積（ｍ3／ｍ3）」は、試験用サンプル１ｍ3あたりに含まれるベントナイト（ＷＢ）、石炭灰（ＦＡ）、海水（ｗａｔｅｒ）の体積である。 “Mass per 1 m 3 (t / m 3 )” is the mass of bentonite (WB), coal ash (FA), and seawater (water) contained per 1 m 3 of the test sample. “Water content w (%)” is the water content ratio of the test sample, that is, the mass ratio of seawater to the sum of the masses of coal ash and bentonite expressed as a percentage. "Volume per 1m 3 (m 3 / m 3 ) " as bentonite contained per test sample 1 m 3 (WB), coal ash (FA), the volume of sea water (water).
次に、試験結果について説明する。試験項目毎に以下の判定基準に従って試験値を判定した。フロー値については、９０ｍｍ以上１４０ｍｍ以下であるものを良好と判定した。ベーンせん断強さについては、混練直後のベーンせん断強さが０．６ｋＮ／ｍ2以下であるものを良好と判定した。透水係数については、２．０×１０-7ｃｍ／ｓ以下であるものを良好と判定した。図２において太枠の欄は、良好でないと判定された試験値である。図２の左端の「総合評価」の欄に丸又は二重丸が記入されたケースが、フロー値（流動性）、ベーンせん断強さ（変形追随性）及び透水係数（低透水性）の３項目すべてで良好と判定されたケースであり、これらのケースのうち、試験値が相対的に優れているものが二重丸のケースである。 Next, test results will be described. Test values were determined for each test item according to the following criteria. About a flow value, what was 90 mm or more and 140 mm or less was determined to be favorable. As for the vane shear strength, one having a vane shear strength of 0.6 kN / m 2 or less immediately after kneading was determined to be good. As for the water permeability coefficient, 2.0 × 10 −7 cm / s or less was determined to be good. In FIG. 2, the thick-lined columns are test values determined as not good. The case where a circle or a double circle is entered in the column of “Comprehensive evaluation” at the left end of FIG. 2 is the flow value (fluidity), vane shear strength (deformability followability), and permeability coefficient (low permeability). This is a case where all the items are judged as good, and among these cases, the case where the test value is relatively excellent is a double circle case.
試験結果に基づいて遮水材の最適な配合について検討すると、以下のとおりである。
（１）ベントナイトスラリーに対する石炭灰スラリーの体積比
図２で示されるとおり、体積比（ベントナイトスラリー：石炭灰スラリー）＝２：８であるケース（Ｗ３Ｆ３−３、Ｗ３Ｆ４−３、Ｗ３Ｆ５−３、Ｗ４Ｆ３−３、Ｗ４Ｆ４−３、Ｗ４Ｆ５−３）では、少なくとも１項目の試験値が良好でないと判定された。つまり、フロー値、ベーンせん断強さ、透水係数のすべてで良好な値が得られるためには、少なくとも体積比（ベントナイトスラリー：石炭灰スラリー）が８：２から５：５の範囲内にあることが必要である。よって、ベントナイトスラリーに対する石炭灰スラリーの体積比は、８／２＝０．２５以上で５／５＝１．００以下が最適であると推察される。
Based on the test results, the optimum blending of the water shielding material is examined as follows.
(1) Volume ratio of coal ash slurry to bentonite slurry As shown in FIG. 2, the volume ratio (bentonite slurry: coal ash slurry) = 2: 8 (W3F3-3, W3F4-3, W3F5-3, W4F3) -3, W4F4-3, W4F5-3), it was determined that the test value of at least one item was not good. In other words, at least the volume ratio (bentonite slurry: coal ash slurry) should be in the range of 8: 2 to 5: 5 in order to obtain good values in all of the flow value, vane shear strength, and hydraulic conductivity. is necessary. Therefore, it is speculated that the optimal volume ratio of the coal ash slurry to the bentonite slurry is 8/2 = 0.25 or more and 5/5 = 1.00 or less.
（２）石炭灰スラリーの含水比
石炭灰スラリーの含水比については、試験で使用したｗ＝２０％、３０％、４０％で各々良好な試験結果が得られたため、ｗ＝２０％以上４０％以下が最適な含水比であると推察される。
(2) Water content ratio of coal ash slurry As for the water content ratio of coal ash slurry, good test results were obtained at w = 20%, 30% and 40% used in the test, respectively, so that w = 20% or more and 40% The following is presumed to be the optimal water content.
（３）ベントナイトスラリーの含水比
Ｗ３とＷ４の含水比は、それぞれおよそ２１７％、１９９％であった。また、ワイオミングとは別の産地のベントナイトで同様の試験を行ったところ、含水比１００％程度で同等の試験結果が得られた。これらのことから、ベントナイトスラリーの含水比は、概ね１００％以上２５０％以下が最適であると推察される。
(3) Water content ratio of bentonite slurry The water content ratios of W3 and W4 were approximately 217% and 199%, respectively. Moreover, when the same test was conducted with bentonite in a production area different from Wyoming, the same test result was obtained at a water content ratio of about 100%. From these facts, the water content ratio of the bentonite slurry is presumed to be optimal from about 100% to 250%.
（４）ベントナイトに対する石炭灰の質量比
図２の試験結果からベントナイトに対する石炭灰の質量比の最小値と最大値を求めると、最小値としてＷ４Ｆ３−１のケースから、０．２４１／０．３４６≒０．６９が得られ、最大値としてＷ３Ｆ５−２のケースから、０．７８８／０．２０１≒４．０が得られた。よって、ベントナイトに対する石炭灰の質量比は、０．６９以上４．０以下が最適であると推察される。
(4) Mass ratio of coal ash to bentonite When the minimum value and the maximum value of the mass ratio of coal ash to bentonite are determined from the test results of FIG. 2, 0.241 / 0.346 is obtained from the case of W4F3-1 as the minimum value. ≈0.69 was obtained, and 0.788 / 0.201≈4.0 was obtained as the maximum value from the case of W3F5-2. Therefore, the mass ratio of coal ash to bentonite is estimated to be optimal from 0.69 to 4.0.
（５）遮水材の含水比
図２の試験結果から遮水材の含水比の最小値と最大値を求めると、最小値としてＷ４Ｆ３−３のケースから５３％が得られ、最大値としてＷ３Ｆ３−１のケースから１４１％が得られた。よって、遮水材の含水比は、５３％以上１４１％以下が最適であると推察される。
(5) Water content ratio of the water shielding material When the minimum value and the maximum value of the water content ratio of the water shielding material are obtained from the test result of FIG. 2, 53% is obtained from the case of W4F3-3 as the minimum value, and W3F3 as the maximum value. 141% was obtained from the -1 case. Therefore, the water content ratio of the water shielding material is presumed to be optimal from 53% to 141%.
次に、上記の配合による遮水材を用いた遮水工の施工手順について説明する。
＜手順１＞ 解泥
母材である石炭灰に海水を加えてスラリー状に解きほぐす。このとき、海水中に含まれる雑物を取り除く。
＜手順２＞ 調泥
スラリーに海水を加え、雑物を除去し、目標とする配合に調整して石炭灰スラリーを作製する。
＜手順３＞ 混練
石炭灰スラリーをプラント内のミキサーに送り込み、ベントナイトを加えて混錬し、遮水材を製造する。
＜手順４＞ 圧送
遮水材を、圧送ポンプを用いて、圧送管により打設場所まで搬送する。
＜手順５＞ 打設
トレミー管を使用して、所定の位置に遮水材を打設する。
Next, the construction procedure of the water-impervious construction using the water-impervious material having the above-described composition will be described.
<Procedure 1> Seawater is added to coal ash, which is the base material, and the slurry is thawed. At this time, impurities contained in the seawater are removed.
<Procedure 2> Seawater is added to the slurry to remove impurities and adjusted to the target composition to prepare a coal ash slurry.
<Procedure 3> Kneading Coal ash slurry is sent to a mixer in the plant, bentonite is added and kneaded to produce a water shielding material.
<Procedure 4> Pressure feed The water-impervious material is transported to a placement site by a pressure feed pipe using a pressure feed pump.
<Procedure 5> Placing a water shielding material at a predetermined position using a Tremy tube.
次に、本実施形態に係る遮水材を用いた遮水構造の一例について説明する。図３は、遮水シートと遮水材を用いた遮水構造の一例を示す図である。図３（Ａ）は断面図であり、図３（Ｂ）は平面図である。１は護岸、２は遮水シート、３は遮水材、４は透水性地盤、５は処分場である。処分場５の大きさは、例えば、その底部の長さａが５００ｍ、護岸１の高さｂが２０ｍ、干潮時の水面と護岸頂部との高低差ｃが５ｍ 、遮水材３の厚さが５ｍである。 Next, an example of a water shielding structure using the water shielding material according to the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a water shielding structure using a water shielding sheet and a water shielding material. 3A is a cross-sectional view, and FIG. 3B is a plan view. 1 is a revetment, 2 is a water shielding sheet, 3 is a water shielding material, 4 is a water-permeable ground, and 5 is a disposal site. The size of the disposal site 5 is, for example, the bottom length a is 500 m, the height b of the revetment 1 is 20 m, the height difference c between the water surface and the revetment top at low tide is 5 m, and the thickness of the water shielding material 3. Is 5 m.
図４は、鋼矢板や鋼管矢板で護岸を築造して遮水材を用いた遮水構造の一例を示す図である。図４（Ａ）は処分場全体の断面図であり、図４（Ｂ）は鋼管矢板による遮水壁の断面図であり、図４（Ｃ）は鋼管矢板と鋼矢板による遮水壁の断面であり、図４（Ｄ）はＢＯＸ形の鋼矢板による遮水壁の断面である。５は処分場、６は鋼管矢板または鋼矢板、７は遮水護岸、８は継手部、９は遮水材、１０は中詰材、１１は不透水地盤、１２は鋼管矢板、１３は鋼矢板、１４はＢＯＸ型の鋼矢板、１５は継手部である。
図４（Ｂ）の例では、鋼管矢板１２を継手部８で連結させて不透水地盤１１に打ち込み、継手部８に遮水材９を注入する。鋼管矢板６による連壁を２重構造とし、連壁間に中詰材１０を詰めて、遮水護岸７を形成する。
図４（Ｃ）の例では、鋼管矢板１２を継手部８で連結させ、さらに、継手部８の外側に別途設けた継手１５を介して鋼矢板１３を連結して、不透水地盤１１に打ち込み、鋼管矢板１２と鋼矢板１３に囲まれた空間に遮水材９を充填し、遮水護岸７を形成する。
図４（Ｄ）の例では、ＢＯＸ型の鋼矢板１４を継手部８で連結させて不透水地盤１１に打ち込み、継手部８により閉塞された空間に遮水材９を充填し、遮水護岸７を形成する。
FIG. 4 is a view showing an example of a water shielding structure using a water shielding material by building a revetment with a steel sheet pile or a steel pipe sheet pile. 4A is a cross-sectional view of the entire disposal site, FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of the water-impervious wall made of steel pipe sheet piles, and FIG. 4C is a cross-section of the impermeable wall made of steel pipe sheet piles and steel sheet piles. FIG. 4D is a cross section of the water-impervious wall by a BOX type steel sheet pile. 5 is a disposal site, 6 is a steel pipe sheet pile or steel sheet pile, 7 is a water-impervious revetment, 8 is a joint part, 9 is a water shielding material, 10 is a filling material, 11 is an impermeable ground, 12 is a steel pipe sheet pile, and 13 is steel. A sheet pile, 14 is a BOX-type steel sheet pile, and 15 is a joint.
In the example of FIG. 4B, the steel pipe sheet pile 12 is connected by the joint portion 8 and driven into the impermeable ground 11, and the water shielding material 9 is injected into the joint portion 8. The continuous wall by the steel pipe sheet pile 6 is made into a double structure, the filling material 10 is packed between the continuous walls, and the impermeable bank 7 is formed.
In the example of FIG. 4C, the steel pipe sheet pile 12 is connected by the joint portion 8, and further, the steel sheet pile 13 is connected via the joint 15 separately provided outside the joint portion 8, and driven into the impermeable ground 11. The space surrounded by the steel pipe sheet pile 12 and the steel sheet pile 13 is filled with the water shielding material 9 to form the water shielding revetment 7.
In the example of FIG. 4D, a BOX-type steel sheet pile 14 is connected by a joint portion 8 and driven into an impermeable ground 11, and a space blocked by the joint portion 8 is filled with a water-impervious material 9. 7 is formed.
本実施形態では、海成粘土に代えて石炭灰を母材として利用して遮水材を製造するから、海成粘土が入手困難な場合でも、低透水性と変形追随性と流動性を実現し得る土質系の遮水材を製造することができる。
また、石炭灰は、建設業における代表的な再生資源材料のひとつである。石炭灰はシルト粘土と物性が似ており、セメント分野などでは粘土の代替材として利用されているが、多くは廃棄物として灰捨場に埋め立て処分されている。本実施形態によれば、低コストな遮水材を製造することができる。また、石炭灰のリサイクルができるとともに、灰捨場の処分容量確保にも貢献することができる。
また、本実施形態では、石炭灰に海水を混合することによって石炭灰スラリーを作製し、この石炭灰スラリーにベントナイトを混合することによって遮水材を製造する。ベントナイトスラリーよりも石炭灰スラリーのほうが粘性が低いので、この製造方法によれば、ベントナイトスラリーに石炭灰を混合する方法よりも混錬が容易である。
In this embodiment, instead of marine clay, a water shielding material is produced using coal ash as a base material, so even when marine clay is difficult to obtain, low water permeability, deformation followability and fluidity are realized. A soil-based water-impervious material can be produced.
Coal ash is one of the typical recycled resource materials in the construction industry. Coal ash has similar physical properties to silt clay and is used as an alternative to clay in the cement field, but many are landfilled as waste in landfills. According to this embodiment, a low-cost water shielding material can be manufactured. In addition, the coal ash can be recycled and contribute to securing the disposal capacity of the ash disposal site.
Moreover, in this embodiment, a coal ash slurry is produced by mixing seawater with coal ash, and a water shielding material is manufactured by mixing bentonite with this coal ash slurry. Since the coal ash slurry has a lower viscosity than the bentonite slurry, this manufacturing method is easier to knead than the method of mixing coal ash with the bentonite slurry.
（変形例）
上記の実施形態を次のように変形してもよい。
（変形例１）
石炭灰は、主に石炭火力発電所における微粉炭燃焼によって生成されるため、有害な重金属を含有している場合がある。そこで、石炭灰からの重金属の溶出を抑制する重金属不溶化材を遮水材に添加するようにしてもよい。重金属不溶化材としては、例えば、ゼオライトやドロマイト、酸化マグネシウムなどの無機系固化材、硫酸鉄や塩化鉄、硫化ナトリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、リン酸塩類などの無機系不溶化剤、ジメチル、ジチオ、カルバミン酸などの有機系キレート剤がある。また、重金属の種類に応じてこれらを組み合わせて使用してもよい。
なお、重金属不溶化材の添加は、遮水材製造過程のどの段階で行っても良いが、上記の実施形態における石炭灰スラリーの作製時に添加混合することが、最も効率が良い。また、添加量は石炭灰に対して質量比で５〜１０％程度を標準とするが、重金属溶出量が特に多い場合や、確実に溶出を抑制したい場合などは、これ以上の量を添加しても良い。
(Modification)
The above embodiment may be modified as follows.
(Modification 1)
Since coal ash is mainly generated by pulverized coal combustion in a coal-fired power plant, it may contain harmful heavy metals. Then, you may make it add the heavy metal insolubilization material which suppresses elution of the heavy metal from coal ash to a water shielding material. Examples of heavy metal insolubilizing materials include inorganic solidifying materials such as zeolite, dolomite, and magnesium oxide, inorganic insolubilizing agents such as iron sulfate, iron chloride, sodium sulfide, sodium hydroxide, and phosphates, dimethyl, dithio, and carbamic acid. There are organic chelating agents. These may be used in combination according to the type of heavy metal.
The addition of the heavy metal insolubilizing material may be performed at any stage of the water shielding material manufacturing process, but it is most efficient to add and mix the coal ash slurry in the above embodiment at the time of preparation. In addition, the addition amount is about 5 to 10% by mass with respect to coal ash as a standard, but if the amount of heavy metal elution is particularly large or if you want to suppress elution reliably, add more than this amount. May be.
１ 護岸、２ 遮水シート、３ 遮水材、４ 透水性地盤、５ 処分場、６ 鋼管矢板、７ 護岸、８ 継手部、９ 遮水材、１０ 中詰材、１１ 不透水地盤 1 revetment, 2 water-impervious sheet, 3 water-impervious material, 4 permeable ground, 5 disposal site, 6 steel pipe sheet pile, 7 revetment, 8 joints, 9 water-impervious material, 10 filling material, 11 impermeable ground
Claims (1)
含水比が７１％以上１３１％以下の遮水材であって、
前記ベントナイトに対する前記石炭灰の質量比が０．８以上３．４以下である
遮水材。 Including coal ash, which is a base material, bentonite and seawater ,
A water shielding material having a moisture content of 71% or more and 131% or less,
Saegimizuzai weight ratio of the coal ash with respect to the bentonite Ru der 0.8 or more 3.4 or less.
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