JP6392005B2

JP6392005B2 - Hand tools

Info

Publication number: JP6392005B2
Application number: JP2014131106A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 昌宏遠藤
Original assignee: Kaijirushi Hamono Center KK
Current assignee: Kaijirushi Hamono Center KK
Priority date: 2014-06-26
Filing date: 2014-06-26
Publication date: 2018-09-19
Anticipated expiration: 2034-06-26
Also published as: JP2016007467A

Description

本発明は、刃体などの機能部をホルダに対し出没させることができる医療用刃物などの手持ち具に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a hand-held tool such as a medical knife capable of causing a functional unit such as a blade body to protrude and retract with respect to a holder.

従来、刃体などの機能部がホルダから突出する突出位置とホルダ内に収容される収容位置とを取り得る医療用刃物などの手持ち具として、例えば下記の特許文献１が開示されている。 Conventionally, for example, the following Patent Document 1 is disclosed as a hand-held tool such as a medical blade capable of taking a protruding position where a functional unit such as a blade protrudes from a holder and an accommodation position accommodated in the holder.

実公昭６２−１３６０６号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 62-13606

しかし、このような手持ち具例えば医療用刃物では、使用後のものか否かを判別することができないと、使用後に廃棄するものを再使用してしまうおそれがあり、また、使用後に廃棄した際に外力が加わると、刃体が不用意に収容位置から突出位置に移動してしまうおそれがあり、支障を来たす場合があった。 However, if it is not possible to determine whether such a hand-held tool, for example a medical knife, is used, it may be reused after it is used. When an external force is applied to the blade, the blade body may inadvertently move from the storage position to the protruding position, which may cause trouble.

この発明は、各種の手持ち具において、使用後に廃棄する際に機能部が不用意に収容位置や突出位置に移動してしまうことを防止するロック機能を有効に利用して、使用後のものか否かを容易に判別することを目的としている。 Is this invention useful for various hand-held devices after effectively using a lock function that prevents the functional unit from inadvertently moving to the storage position or protruding position when it is discarded after use? The purpose is to easily determine whether or not.

後記実施形態（図１〜７に示す第一実施形態、図８〜１４に示す第二実施形態）の図面の符号を援用して本発明を説明する。
請求項１の発明にかかる手持ち具は下記の特徴（イ）〜（チ）を有している。
（イ）機能部（１７）を有する可動体（１６）をホルダ（１）に対し移動可能に支持し、可動体（１６）はその機能部（１７）がホルダ（１）内に収容される収容位置（Ａ）とホルダ（１）から突出する突出位置（Ｂ）とを取り得るばかりではなく、その収容位置（Ａ）及び突出位置（Ｂ）への移動を阻止するロック位置（Ｃ）も取り得る。機能部（１７）はロック位置（Ｃ）で収容状態であることが好ましい。 The present invention will be described with reference to the drawings of the following embodiments (the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 and the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 to 14).
The hand-held tool according to the invention of claim 1 has the following characteristics (a) to (h).
(A) A movable body (16) having a functional part (17) is supported so as to be movable with respect to the holder (1), and the functional part (17) of the movable body (16) is accommodated in the holder (1). Not only can the housing position (A) and the projecting position (B) projecting from the holder (1) be taken, but also the housing position (A) and the locking position (C) for preventing movement to the projecting position (B). I can take it. The functional part (17) is preferably in the accommodated state at the lock position (C).

従って、可動体（１６）の機能部（１７）をロック位置（Ｃ）に移動させると、機能部（１７）が収容位置（Ａ）や突出位置（Ｂ）に不用意に移動するのを阻止するばかりでなく、ロック位置（Ｃ）を視認すれば使用後のものか否かを容易に判別することができる。 Therefore, if the function part (17) of the movable body (16) is moved to the lock position (C), the function part (17) is prevented from being inadvertently moved to the storage position (A) or the protruding position (B). In addition, it can be easily determined whether or not it is after use by visually recognizing the lock position (C).

（ロ）前記可動体（１６）を機能部（１７）の収容位置（Ａ）と突出位置（Ｂ）との間で往復移動させる往復操作手段と、前記可動体（１６）を機能部（１７）の収容位置（Ａ）からロック位置（Ｃ）へ移動させるロック操作手段とを備えている。従って、往復操作手段以外にロック操作手段を備えているので、機能部（１７）が収容位置（Ａ）や突出位置（Ｂ）に不用意に移動するのを阻止するばかりでなく、ロック位置（Ｃ）を視認すれば使用後のものか否かを容易に判別することができる。 (B) Reciprocating operation means for reciprocating the movable body (16) between the housing position (A) and the protruding position (B) of the functional part (17); and the movable body (16) as the functional part (17 ) and a lock operation means for moving into the receiving position of (a) or al locking position (C). Accordingly, since the lock operation means is provided in addition to the reciprocation operation means, the function portion (17) is not only prevented from inadvertently moving to the storage position (A) or the protruding position (B), but also the lock position ( By visually recognizing C), it can be easily discriminated whether it is after use.

（ハ）前記ホルダ（１）は、前記可動体（１６）の機能部（１７）が出没する頭端部（３）と、その頭端部（３）に対し可動体（１６）の移動方向（Ｘ）で反対側になる尻端部（４）と、この頭端部（３）と尻端部（４）との間に設けたガイド（６）とを有している。前記可動体（１６）において、機能部（１７）を有する頭部（１８）に対し可動体（１６）の移動方向（Ｘ）で反対側になる尻側には操作部（２２）をホルダ（１）の尻端部（４）から露出させて設けている。従って、ホルダ（１）の尻端部（４）から露出させた可動体（１６）の操作部（２２）により、可動体（１６）を機能部（１７）の収容位置（Ａ）と突出位置（Ｂ）との間で往復移動させる操作や、可動体（１６）を機能部（１７）の収容位置（Ａ）からロック位置（Ｃ）へ移動させる操作を容易に行うことができる。 (C) The holder (1) includes a head end (3) where the functional part (17) of the movable body (16) protrudes and a moving direction of the movable body (16) relative to the head end (3). butt end becomes opposite side (X) and (4), and a guide (6) provided between the head end and (3) butt end (4). In the movable body (16), the operating portion (22) is placed on the buttocks side opposite to the head (18) having the functional portion (17) in the moving direction (X) of the movable body (16). that have provided is exposed Ass end of 1) (4). Therefore, the movable body (16) is moved from the accommodation position (A) to the projecting position of the functional section (17) by the operation section (22) of the movable body (16) exposed from the bottom end (4) of the holder (1). operation or to reciprocate between (B), it is possible to easily perform the operation of moving into the receiving position of the functional unit movable body (16) (17) (a ) or al locking position (C).

（ニ）前記可動体（１６）において、機能部（１７）と操作部（２２）との間には可動体（１６）の移動方向（Ｘ）に沿って延設された板ばね（１９）を設けている。この板ばね（１９）には前記ホルダ（１）のガイド（６）に係脱されるストッパ（２５）を設けている。このストッパ（２５）は、板ばね（１９）により付勢され、前記ホルダ（１）のガイド（６）に対し板ばね（１９）による付勢力により係止されるとともに、その付勢力に抗してその係止が解除される。従って、ホルダ（１）のガイド（６）に対し可動体（１６）のストッパ（２５）を板ばね（１９）の付勢力により容易に係止させることができるとともに、板ばね（１９）の付勢力に抗してその係止を容易に解除することができる。 (D) In the movable body (16), a leaf spring (19) extending along the moving direction (X) of the movable body (16) between the functional section (17) and the operation section (22). Is provided. The leaf spring (19) is provided with a stopper (25) that is engaged and disengaged with the guide (6) of the holder (1). The stopper (25) is urged by a leaf spring (19) and is locked by the urging force of the leaf spring (19) against the guide (6) of the holder (1) and resists the urging force. The lock is released. Therefore, the stopper (25) of the movable body (16) can be easily locked with respect to the guide (6) of the holder (1) by the urging force of the leaf spring (19) and the leaf spring (19) is attached. The locking can be easily released against the force.

（ホ）前記可動体（１６）のストッパ（２５）は、第一係止部（２６）と、その第一係止部（２６）に対し機能部（１７）の突出向き（ＸＢ）側に可動体（１６）の移動方向（Ｘ）に沿って離間して設けられた第二係止部（２７）とを有している。従って、ストッパ（２５）の第一係止部（２６）及び第二係止部（２７）をガイド（６）に係止される収容用係止部と突出用係止部とロック用係止部として兼用して、ストッパ（２５）を簡単にすることができる。 (E) The stopper (25) of the movable body (16) has a first locking portion (26) and a protruding portion (XB) side of the functional portion (17) with respect to the first locking portion (26). And a second locking portion (27) provided apart along the moving direction (X) of the movable body (16) . Therefore, the first latching portion (26) and the second latching portion (27) of the stopper (25) are latched to the guide (6), and the latching portion for protrusion, the latching portion for protrusion, and the latching lock. also serves as a part, Ru can simplify the stopper (25).

（ヘ）前記ホルダ（１）のガイド（６）は、機能部（１７）の収容位置（Ａ）で前記ストッパ（２５）の第一係止部（２６）が係止される第一係止部（７）と、機能部（１７）の収容位置（Ａ）で前記ストッパ（２５）の第二係止部（２７）が係止されるとともに機能部（１７）の突出位置（Ｂ）で前記ストッパ（２５）の第一係止部（２６）が係止される第二係止部（８）と、機能部（１７）の突出位置（Ｂ）で前記ストッパ（２５）の第二係止部（２７）が係止される第三係止部（９）と、機能部（１７）のロック位置（Ｃ）で前記ストッパ（２５）の第一係止部（２６）が係止される第四係止部（１０）と、機能部（１７）のロック位置（Ｃ）で前記ストッパ（２５）の第二係止部（２７）が係止される第五係止部（１１）とを有し、このガイド（６）の第四係止部（１０）と第一係止部（７）と第五係止部（１１）と第二係止部（８）と第三係止部（９）とは可動体（１６）の移動方向（Ｘ）に沿って互いに離間して機能部（１７）の突出向き（ＸＢ）側へ順次並べられている。従って、ガイド（６）において可動体（１６）の移動方向（Ｘ）に沿って機能部（１７）の突出向き（ＸＢ）側へ順次並べた第四係止部（１０）と第一係止部（７）と第五係止部（１１）と第二係止部（８）と第三係止部（９）とのうちいずれかのものに対し、ストッパ（２５）の第一係止部（２６）及び第二係止部（２７）を係止させることにより、ガイド（６）の各係止部（７，８，９，１０，１１）をストッパ（２５）に係止される収容用係止部（７，８）と突出用係止部（８，９）とロック用係止部（１０，１１）として兼用して、ガイド（６）を簡単にすることができる。 (F) The guide (6) of the holder (1) is a first locking in which the first locking portion (26) of the stopper (25) is locked at the storage position (A) of the functional portion (17). The second locking portion (27) of the stopper (25) is locked at the housing position (A) of the portion (7) and the functional portion (17) and at the protruding position (B) of the functional portion (17). A second engagement portion (8) to which the first engagement portion (26) of the stopper (25) is engaged, and a second engagement portion of the stopper (25) at the protruding position (B) of the function portion (17). The first locking portion (26) of the stopper (25) is locked at the third locking portion (9) where the locking portion (27) is locked and the lock position (C) of the functional portion (17). A fourth locking portion (10) and a fifth locking portion (11) in which the second locking portion (27) of the stopper (25) is locked at the locking position (C) of the functional portion (17). And The fourth locking part (10), the first locking part (7), the fifth locking part (11), the second locking part (8) and the third locking part (9) of the guide (6) of Are spaced apart from each other along the moving direction (X) of the movable body (16) and are sequentially arranged in the protruding direction (XB) side of the functional part (17). Accordingly, in the guide (6), the fourth locking portion (10) and the first locking sequentially arranged in the protruding direction (XB) side of the functional portion (17) along the moving direction (X) of the movable body (16). The first locking of the stopper (25) with respect to any one of the part (7), the fifth locking part (11), the second locking part (8) and the third locking part (9) By locking the portion (26) and the second locking portion (27), the locking portions (7, 8, 9, 10, 11) of the guide (6) are locked to the stopper (25). The guide (6) can be simplified by combining the accommodating latching portion (7, 8), the projecting latching portion (8, 9), and the locking latching portion (10, 11).

（ト）前記往復操作手段で、可動体（１６）を操作部（２２）により移動させて、前記ストッパ（２５）の第一係止部（２６）を前記ガイド（６）の第一係止部（７）に対し係脱させるとともに前記ストッパ（２５）の第二係止部（２７）を前記ガイド（６）の第二係止部（８）に対し係脱させる操作、並びに、前記ストッパ（２５）の第一係止部（２６）を前記ガイド（６）の第二係止部（８）に対し係脱させるとともに前記ストッパ（２５）の第二係止部（２７）を前記ガイド（６）の第三係止部（９）に対し係脱させる操作と、前記ロック操作手段で、前記ストッパ（２５）の第一係止部（２６）を前記ガイド（６）の第四係止部（１０）に対し係止させるとともに前記ストッパ（２５）の第二係止部（２７）を前記ガイド（６）の第五係止部（１１）に対し係止させる操作とは、互いに異なる。従って、可動体（１６）を機能部（１７）の収容位置（Ａ）と突出位置（Ｂ）との間で往復移動させる操作と、可動体（１６）を機能部（１７）の収容位置（Ａ）からロック位置（Ｃ）へ移動させる操作とを互いに区別して行うことができるので、可動体（１６）の誤った操作を防止することができる。 (G) With the reciprocating operation means, the movable body (16) is moved by the operating portion (22 ), and the first locking portion (26) of the stopper (25) is moved to the first locking position of the guide (6). An operation of engaging and disengaging the second locking portion (27) of the stopper (25) with respect to the second locking portion (8) of the guide (6), and the stopper (25). The first locking portion (26) of (25) is engaged with and disengaged from the second locking portion (8) of the guide (6) and the second locking portion (27) of the stopper (25) is engaged with the guide. With the operation of engaging and disengaging the third locking portion (9) of (6) and the locking operation means, the first locking portion (26) of the stopper (25) is engaged with the fourth engagement of the guide (6). The second locking portion (27) of the stopper (25) is locked to the locking portion (10) and the second locking portion (27) of the guide (6) is locked. Engaged to the engaging portion (11) operation and are different from each other. Therefore, the operation of reciprocating the movable body (16) between the accommodation position (A) and the protruding position (B) of the function part (17) and the accommodation position of the function part (17) ( can be performed to distinguish an operation of moving a) or al locking position to the (C) with each other, it is possible to prevent the operation erroneous movable member of (16).

（チ）前記ロック操作手段で、前記ストッパ（２５）の第一係止部（２６）を前記ガイド（６）の第一係止部（７）から離脱させるとともに前記ストッパ（２５）の第二係止部（２７）を前記ガイド（６）の第二係止部（８）から離脱させる操作と、前記ストッパ（２５）の第一係止部（２６）を前記ガイド（６）の第四係止部（１０）に係入させるとともに前記ストッパ（２５）の第二係止部（２７）を前記ガイド（６）の第五係止部（１１）に係入させる操作とを順次経る互いに異なる複数の操作の組合わせにより、可動体（１６）を操作部（２２）により機能部（１７）の収容位置（Ａ）からロック位置（Ｃ）へ移動させる。従って、可動体（１６）の機能部（１７）が収容位置（Ａ）からロック位置（Ｃ）へ不用意に移動するのを防止することができる。
請求項１の発明を前提とする請求項２の発明において、板ばね（１９）は可動体（１６）の移動方向（Ｘ）に沿って延設されて機能部（１７）の収容向き（ＸＡ）側に自由端部を有する片持ち梁であり、前記可動体（１６）のストッパ（２５）のうち第一係止部（２６）は板ばね（１９）の自由端部側に設けられているとともに第二係止部（２７）はその第一係止部（２６）より板ばね（１９）の基端部側に設けられている。請求項２の発明では、ストッパ（２５）を設けた板ばね（１９）を簡単に形成することができる。また、片持ち梁状の板ばね（１９）の基端部に対する第一係止部（２６）の距離は、その基端部に対する第二係止部（２７）の距離より大きくなるので、第一係止部（２６）の位置における板ばね（１９）の撓み量が第二係止部（２７）の位置における板ばね（１９）の撓み量より大きくなり、第二係止部（２７）を操作するだけで第一係止部（２６）を操作することができる。 (H) The first locking portion (26) of the stopper (25) is detached from the first locking portion (7) of the guide (6) and the second of the stopper (25) by the lock operating means. The operation of detaching the locking portion (27) from the second locking portion (8) of the guide (6), and the first locking portion (26) of the stopper (25) are moved to the fourth position of the guide (6). An operation of sequentially engaging the engaging portion (10) and engaging the second engaging portion (27) of the stopper (25) with the fifth engaging portion (11) of the guide (6). the combination of different operations, thereby moving unit by the operation unit of the movable body (16) (22) accommodating the position of (17) (a) or al locked position to (C). Therefore, it is possible to prevent the function of the movable member (16) (17) is inadvertently moved into the receiving position (A) or al locking position (C).
In the invention of claim 2 premised on the invention of claim 1, the leaf spring (19) is extended along the moving direction (X) of the movable body (16) to accommodate the accommodating direction (XA) of the functional part (17). ) Side cantilever having a free end, and the first locking portion (26) of the stopper (25) of the movable body (16) is provided on the free end side of the leaf spring (19). In addition, the second locking portion (27) is provided closer to the proximal end portion of the leaf spring (19) than the first locking portion (26). In the invention of claim 2, the leaf spring (19) provided with the stopper (25) can be easily formed. Moreover, since the distance of the 1st latching | locking part (26) with respect to the base end part of a cantilever-like leaf | plate spring (19) becomes larger than the distance of the 2nd latching | locking part (27) with respect to the base end part, The amount of bending of the leaf spring (19) at the position of the one locking portion (26) becomes larger than the amount of bending of the leaf spring (19) at the position of the second locking portion (27), and the second locking portion (27). The first locking portion (26) can be operated simply by operating.

請求項１または請求項２の発明を前提とする請求項３の発明において、前記ガイド（６）の第三係止部（９）で可動体（１６）の移動方向（Ｘ）に対し直交する幅方向（Ｙ）における両側には、機能部（１７）の突出位置（Ｂ）でストッパ（２５）の第二係止部（２７）を挟む壁（１３）を設けている。請求項３の発明では、機能部（１７）の突出位置（Ｂ）でストッパ（２５）の第二係止部（２７）を指で操作する際に、通常は主に指の腹が両壁（１３）に当たるため、第二係止部（２７）を意識的に操作しない限り、第二係止部（２７）に対する不用意な操作を防止することができる。 In the invention of claim 3 premised on the invention of claim 1 or claim 2, the third locking portion (9) of the guide (6) is orthogonal to the moving direction (X) of the movable body (16). On both sides in the width direction (Y), there are provided walls (13) that sandwich the second locking portion (27) of the stopper (25) at the protruding position (B) of the functional portion (17). In the invention of claim 3, when the second locking portion (27) of the stopper (25) is operated with a finger at the protruding position (B) of the function portion (17), the belly of the finger is usually mainly placed on both walls. Since it corresponds to (13), an inadvertent operation on the second locking portion (27) can be prevented unless the second locking portion (27) is consciously operated.

請求項１〜３のうちいずれか一つの請求項の発明を前提とする請求項４の発明において、前記ガイド（６）の第一係止部（７）と第二係止部（８）と第三係止部（９）と第四係止部（１０）と第五係止部（１１）とは、可動体（１６）の移動方向（Ｘ）に対し直交する幅方向（Ｙ）で相対向する端縁部を有する係止孔であって、この係止孔の両端縁部間に前記ストッパ（２５）の第一係止部（２６）及び第二係止部（２７）が係入される。請求項４の発明では、ガイド（６）においてストッパ（２５）の第一係止部（２６）及び第二係止部（２７）が係入される各係止部（７，８，９，１０，１１）を簡単にすることができる。 In invention of Claim 4 premised on invention of any one of Claims 1-3, The 1st latching | locking part (7) and 2nd latching | locking part (8) of the said guide (6) The third locking portion (9), the fourth locking portion (10), and the fifth locking portion (11) are in the width direction (Y) orthogonal to the moving direction (X) of the movable body (16). A locking hole having opposite edge portions, and the first locking portion (26) and the second locking portion (27) of the stopper (25) are engaged between both edge portions of the locking hole. Entered. In the invention of claim 4, each locking portion (7, 8, 9, in which the first locking portion (26) and the second locking portion (27) of the stopper (25) are inserted in the guide (6). 10, 11) can be simplified.

請求項４の発明を前提とする請求項５の発明は下記のように構成されている。
前記ストッパ（２５）において、可動体（１６）の移動方向（Ｘ）に対し直交する幅方向（Ｙ）における第一係止部（２６）の幅方向寸法は、その幅方向（Ｙ）における第二係止部（２７）の幅方向寸法より大きく設けられている。前記ガイド（６）において、可動体（１６）の移動方向（Ｘ）に対し直交する幅方向（Ｙ）における第四係止部（１０）、第一係止部（７）及び第二係止部（８）で係止孔の両端縁部間の幅方向寸法は、その幅方向（Ｙ）における第五係止部（１１）で係止孔の両端縁部間の幅方向寸法より大きく設けられている。請求項５の発明では、機能部（１７）を収容位置（Ａ）から突出位置（Ｂ）に移動させる際にストッパ（２５）の第一係止部（２６）をガイド（６）の第五係止部（１１）に係止させることなくガイド（６）の第二係止部（８）に係止させることができるとともに、機能部（１７）を突出位置（Ｂ）から収容位置（Ａ）に移動させる際にストッパ（２５）の第一係止部（２６）をガイド（６）の第五係止部（１１）に係止させることなくガイド（６）の第一係止部（７）に係止させることができる。 The invention of claim 5 based on the invention of claim 4 is configured as follows.
In the stopper (25), the width direction dimension of the first locking portion (26) in the width direction (Y) orthogonal to the moving direction (X) of the movable body (16) is the first dimension in the width direction (Y). It is larger than the width direction dimension of the two locking portions (27). In the guide (6), the fourth locking part (10), the first locking part (7) and the second locking part in the width direction (Y) perpendicular to the moving direction (X) of the movable body (16). The width direction dimension between the both end edges of the locking hole at the portion (8) is larger than the width direction dimension between the both end edges of the locking hole at the fifth locking part (11) in the width direction (Y). It has been. In the fifth aspect of the invention , when the functional portion (17) is moved from the housing position (A) to the protruding position (B), the first locking portion (26) of the stopper (25) is moved to the fifth position of the guide (6). It can be locked to the second locking portion (8) of the guide (6) without being locked to the locking portion (11), and the functional portion (17) can be moved from the protruding position (B) to the storage position (A). ) Without moving the first locking portion (26) of the stopper (25) to the fifth locking portion (11) of the guide (6) when moving to the first locking portion (11) of the guide (6). 7).

請求項１〜５のうちいずれか一つの請求項の発明を前提とする請求項６の発明において、前記可動体（１６）はホルダ（１）に支持された収容ばね（２３）により機能部（１７）の突出位置（Ｂ）側から機能部（１７）の収容位置（Ａ）側へ付勢されている。請求項６の発明では、収容ばね（２３）により機能部（１７）を突出位置（Ｂ）から収容位置（Ａ）に移動させることができる。 The invention according to claim 6 , which presupposes the invention of any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the movable body (16) is a functional part (23) supported by an accommodation spring (23) supported by the holder (1). 17) from the protruding position (B) side to the accommodation position (A) side of the functional part (17). In invention of Claim 6, a function part (17) can be moved from a protrusion position (B) to an accommodation position (A) with an accommodation spring (23).

請求項６の発明を前提とする請求項７の発明において、前記収容ばね（２３）は機能部（１７）のロック位置（Ｃ）で可動体（１６）に対する付勢を解除する。請求項７の発明では、機能部（１７）のロック位置（Ｃ）を収容ばね（２３）の付勢力により影響を受けずに保持することができる。 In the invention of claim 7, which presupposes the invention of claim 6, the accommodating spring (23) releases the urging force to the movable body (16) at the lock position (C) of the function part (17). In the invention of claim 7, the lock position (C) of the function part (17) can be held without being affected by the biasing force of the accommodation spring (23).

本発明は、各種の手持ち具において、使用後に廃棄する際に機能部（１７）が不用意に収容位置（Ａ）や突出位置（Ｂ）に移動してしまうことを防止するロック機能を有効に利用して、使用後のものか否かを容易に判別することができる。 The present invention effectively enables a lock function to prevent the functional unit (17) from inadvertently moving to the storage position (A) or the protruding position (B) when discarded after use in various hand-held devices. It is possible to easily determine whether it is after use.

（ａ）は第一実施形態にかかる医療用刃物などの手持ち具においてホルダから可動体を取り出した分解状態を示す斜視図であり、（ｂ）はその可動体をホルダに挿着する前の状態を示す斜視図である。(A) is a perspective view which shows the decomposition | disassembly state which took out the movable body from the holder in hand held tools, such as a medical blade concerning 1st embodiment, (b) is the state before inserting the movable body in a holder. FIG. （ａ）は図１の医療用刃物において刃体の収容状態を示す側面図であり、（ｂ）は同じく側面側から見た断面図である。(A) is a side view which shows the accommodation state of a blade body in the medical blade of FIG. 1, (b) is sectional drawing similarly seen from the side surface side. （ａ）は図１の医療用刃物において刃体の収容状態を示す平面図であり、（ｂ）は同じく平面側から見た断面図である。(A) is a top view which shows the accommodation state of a blade body in the medical blade of FIG. 1, (b) is sectional drawing seen similarly from the plane side. （ａ）は図１の医療用刃物において刃体の突出状態を示す側面図であり、（ｂ）は同じく側面側から見た断面図である。(A) is a side view which shows the protrusion state of a blade body in the medical blade of FIG. 1, (b) is sectional drawing seen similarly from the side surface side. （ａ）は図１の医療用刃物において刃体の突出状態を示す平面図であり、（ｂ）は同じく平面側から見た断面図である。(A) is a top view which shows the protrusion state of a blade body in the medical blade of FIG. 1, (b) is sectional drawing similarly seen from the plane side. （ａ）は図１の医療用刃物において刃体のロック状態を示す側面図であり、（ｂ）は同じく側面側から見た断面図である。(A) is a side view which shows the locked state of a blade body in the medical blade of FIG. 1, (b) is sectional drawing seen similarly from the side surface side. （ａ）は図１の医療用刃物において刃体のロック状態を示す平面図であり、（ｂ）は同じく平面側から見た断面図である。(A) is a top view which shows the locked state of a blade body in the medical blade of FIG. 1, (b) is sectional drawing similarly seen from the plane side. 第二実施形態にかかる医療用刃物などの手持ち具においてホルダから可動体を取り出した分解状態を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view showing a disassembled state of taking out the movable body from the holder in the hand-held tool such as a medical tool according to the second embodiment. （ａ）は図８の医療用刃物において刃体の収容状態を示す側面図であり、（ｂ）は同じく側面側から見た断面図である。(A) is a side view which shows the accommodation state of a blade body in the medical blade of FIG. 8, (b) is sectional drawing similarly seen from the side surface side. （ａ）は図８の医療用刃物において刃体の収容状態を示す平面図であり、（ｂ）は同じく平面側から見た断面図である。(A) is a top view which shows the accommodation state of a blade body in the medical blade of FIG. 8, (b) is sectional drawing seen similarly from the plane side. （ａ）は図８の医療用刃物において刃体の突出状態を示す側面図であり、（ｂ）は同じく側面側から見た断面図である。(A) is a side view which shows the protrusion state of a blade body in the medical blade of FIG. 8, (b) is sectional drawing seen similarly from the side surface side. （ａ）は図８の医療用刃物において刃体の突出状態を示す平面図であり、（ｂ）は同じく平面側から見た断面図である。(A) is a top view which shows the protrusion state of a blade body in the medical blade of FIG. 8, (b) is sectional drawing seen similarly from the plane side. （ａ）は図８の医療用刃物において刃体のロック状態を示す側面図であり、（ｂ）は同じく側面側から見た断面図である。(A) is a side view which shows the locked state of a blade body in the medical blade of FIG. 8, (b) is sectional drawing similarly seen from the side surface side. （ａ）は図８の医療用刃物において刃体のロック状態を示す平面図であり、（ｂ）は同じく平面側から見た断面図である。(A) is a top view which shows the locked state of a blade body in the medical blade of FIG. 8, (b) is sectional drawing similarly seen from the plane side.

まず、第一実施形態の医療用刃物について図１〜７を参照して説明する。
図１及び図２，３に示すホルダ１においては、細長い筒壁２が頭端部３（前端部）とその反対側の尻端部４（後端部）との間で収容孔５により貫通されて前後方向Ｘへ延設され、筒壁２の後半部には前後方向Ｘに対し直交する上下方向Ｚの両側のうち上側でガイド６が形成されている。ガイド６は、前後方向Ｘ及び上下方向Ｚに対し直交する左右方向Ｙ（幅方向）で相対向する端縁部を有するとともに収容孔５に連通する第一係止孔７、第二係止孔８、第三係止孔９、第四係止孔１０及び第五係止孔１１を備え、尻端部４側から第四係止孔１０と第一係止孔７と第五係止孔１１と第二係止孔８と第三係止孔９とが順次頭端部３側へ向けて並べられている。第二係止孔８と第三係止孔９とは長孔１２により互いに連通されている。第四係止孔１０、第一係止孔７及び第二係止孔８における両端縁部間の幅方向寸法は、第五係止孔１１及び第三係止孔９における両端縁部間の幅方向寸法より大きく設けられている。第三係止孔９で幅方向Ｙの両側には壁１３が上方へ突設されている。筒壁２の上下両側には頭端部３と第三係止孔９との間の中間位置で連結孔１４が収容孔５に連通して形成されている。筒壁２の頭端部３で収容孔５には上下両側及び左右両側で案内溝１５が頭端部３から所定長さだけ前後方向Ｘへ延設されている。 First, the medical knife of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
In the holder 1 shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, the elongated cylindrical wall 2 penetrates through the accommodation hole 5 between the head end portion 3 (front end portion) and the opposite end portion 4 (rear end portion). The guide 6 is formed on the upper side of both sides of the vertical direction Z perpendicular to the front-rear direction X in the rear half of the cylindrical wall 2. The guide 6 has a first locking hole 7 and a second locking hole that have edge portions facing each other in the left-right direction Y (width direction) orthogonal to the front-rear direction X and the vertical direction Z and communicate with the accommodation hole 5. 8, a third locking hole 9, a fourth locking hole 10, and a fifth locking hole 11, and the fourth locking hole 10, the first locking hole 7, and the fifth locking hole from the bottom end 4 side. 11, the second locking hole 8 and the third locking hole 9 are sequentially arranged toward the head end 3 side. The second locking hole 8 and the third locking hole 9 are communicated with each other by a long hole 12. The width direction dimension between the both end edges in the fourth locking hole 10, the first locking hole 7 and the second locking hole 8 is between the both end edges in the fifth locking hole 11 and the third locking hole 9. It is larger than the dimension in the width direction. Walls 13 project upward from both sides in the width direction Y of the third locking hole 9. A connecting hole 14 is formed on the upper and lower sides of the cylindrical wall 2 so as to communicate with the receiving hole 5 at an intermediate position between the head end portion 3 and the third locking hole 9. A guide groove 15 extends from the head end portion 3 in the front-rear direction X by a predetermined length in the receiving hole 5 at the head end portion 3 of the cylindrical wall 2 on both the upper and lower sides and the left and right sides.

図１及び図２，３に示す可動体１６は、前後方向Ｘに沿う中心を有する円環状の刃先縁１７ａを有する切除刃１７（機能部）を前方へ突出させた頭部１８と、片持ち梁状の板ばね１９を有する支持部２０と、頭部１８の後端部と支持部２０の前端部とを互いに連結する半円筒状のばね支持部２１とを備えている。支持部２０の尻側には把持し易い形状に形成された操作部２２が後方へ延設されて、その操作部２２の後端部に膨出部２２ａが形成されている。ばね支持部２１内には収容ばね２３（圧縮コイルばね）が挿入される。支持部２０の上側には支持部２０の前端部と操作部２２との間で凹み２４が形成されている。片持ち梁状の板ばね１９は凹み２４内で支持部２０の前端部側から尻側の操作部２２へ向けて延設されている。板ばね１９の上側にはストッパ２５が形成されている。ストッパ２５は、板ばね１９の自由端部側で上方へ突設された第一係止部２６と、その第一係止部２６より基端部側で上方へ突設された第二係止部２７とを有している。第一係止部２６における幅方向寸法は第二係止部２７における幅方向寸法より大きく設けられている。第一係止部２６における前後方向Ｘの両側のうち、前側に形成された当接面２６ａと後側に形成された当接面２６ｂとは、共に、後方へ向かうに従い上方へ傾斜し、前後方向Ｘに対する当接面２６ａの傾斜度は当接面２６ｂの傾斜度より緩くなっている。第二係止部２７における前後方向Ｘの両側のうち、前側に形成された当接面２７ａは上下方向Ｚへ延びる鉛直面になっており、後側では前方へ向かうに従い上方へ傾斜する当接面２７ｂが形成されているとともに、当接面２７ｂに対し板ばね１９側で連続して上下方向Ｚへ延びる鉛直面をなす当接面２７ｃが形成されている。頭部１８の後端部の外周には上下両側及び左右両側で案内突起２８が形成されている。 A movable body 16 shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 includes a head 18 in which a cutting blade 17 (functional portion) having an annular blade edge 17 a having a center along the front-rear direction X is projected forward, and a cantilever. A support portion 20 having a beam-like plate spring 19 and a semi-cylindrical spring support portion 21 that connects the rear end portion of the head 18 and the front end portion of the support portion 20 to each other are provided. An operation portion 22 formed in a shape that is easy to grip is extended rearward on the bottom side of the support portion 20, and a bulging portion 22 a is formed at the rear end portion of the operation portion 22. A housing spring 23 (compression coil spring) is inserted into the spring support 21. A recess 24 is formed on the upper side of the support portion 20 between the front end portion of the support portion 20 and the operation portion 22. The cantilever-like plate spring 19 extends in the recess 24 from the front end side of the support portion 20 toward the operation portion 22 on the buttocks side. A stopper 25 is formed on the upper side of the leaf spring 19. The stopper 25 has a first locking part 26 projecting upward on the free end side of the leaf spring 19 and a second latching projecting upward on the base end side from the first locking part 26. Part 27. The width direction dimension of the first locking part 26 is larger than the width direction dimension of the second locking part 27. Of both sides of the first locking portion 26 in the front-rear direction X, the abutment surface 26a formed on the front side and the abutment surface 26b formed on the rear side both incline upward toward the rear, The inclination of the contact surface 26a with respect to the direction X is gentler than the inclination of the contact surface 26b. Of both sides of the second locking portion 27 in the front-rear direction X, the contact surface 27a formed on the front side is a vertical surface extending in the up-down direction Z, and on the rear side, the contact is inclined upward as it goes forward. A surface 27b is formed, and a contact surface 27c that forms a vertical surface extending in the vertical direction Z continuously with respect to the contact surface 27b on the leaf spring 19 side is formed. Guide protrusions 28 are formed on the outer periphery of the rear end of the head 18 on both the upper and lower sides and the left and right sides.

図１及び図２，３に示す押出体２９において、棒３０の前端部には円形状の外周縁３１ａを有する押出端部３１が形成され、棒３０の後端部に形成された受け部３２の上下両側には連結突起３３が形成されているとともに、受け部３２から後方へ腕部３４が延設されている。図１（ｂ）に示すように、押出体２９を棒３０側から可動体１６の頭部１８の切除刃１７内に挿入するとともに、可動体１６のばね支持部２１内に挿入した収容ばね２３にその腕部３４を挿入した状態で、可動体１６を操作部２２側からホルダ１の頭端部３内に挿入すると、押出体２９の連結突起３３（連結部）がホルダ１の連結孔１４（連結部）に係入される。そのため、押出体２９の押出端部３１がホルダ１の頭端部３に一致した位置で押出体２９がホルダ１に対し移動不能に固定され、収容ばね２３が押出体２９の受け部３２と可動体１６の支持部２０の前端部との間に介在されるとともに、可動体１６の操作部２２がホルダ１の尻端部４から後方へ露出して突出する。 In the extruded body 29 shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, an extrusion end 31 having a circular outer peripheral edge 31 a is formed at the front end of the rod 30, and a receiving portion 32 formed at the rear end of the rod 30. Connection protrusions 33 are formed on both upper and lower sides, and an arm part 34 extends rearward from the receiving part 32. As shown in FIG. 1 (b), the pusher 29 is inserted into the cutting blade 17 of the head 18 of the movable body 16 from the rod 30 side, and the accommodation spring 23 is inserted into the spring support portion 21 of the movable body 16. When the movable body 16 is inserted into the head end portion 3 of the holder 1 from the operation portion 22 side with the arm portion 34 inserted, the connection protrusion 33 (connection portion) of the pusher 29 is connected to the connection hole 14 of the holder 1. (Linked part). Therefore, the extruded body 29 is fixed so as not to move with respect to the holder 1 at a position where the extruded end 31 of the extruded body 29 coincides with the head end 3 of the holder 1, and the accommodating spring 23 is movable with the receiving portion 32 of the extruded body 29. While being interposed between the front end portion of the support portion 20 of the body 16, the operation portion 22 of the movable body 16 is exposed and protrudes rearward from the bottom end portion 4 of the holder 1.

可動体１６を下記の往復操作手段（ストッパ２５の係止部２６，２７、ガイド６の係止孔７，８，９など）により図２〜３に示す収容位置Ａと図４〜５に示す突出位置Ｂとの間で移動させる場合について説明する。 The movable body 16 is shown in the accommodation position A shown in FIGS. 2 to 3 and FIGS. 4 to 5 by the following reciprocating operation means (the locking portions 26 and 27 of the stopper 25, the locking holes 7, 8, and 9 of the guide 6). The case where it moves between the protrusion positions B is demonstrated.

図２〜３に示す収容位置Ａでは、可動体１６の案内突起２８がホルダ１の案内溝１５により案内されながら可動体１６がホルダ１に対し収容ばね２３の付勢力により後方へ移動し、可動体１６の第一係止部２６がホルダ１の第一係止孔７に係入されるとともに、可動体１６の第二係止部２７がホルダ１の第二係止孔８に係入される。その第一係止孔７に対し第一係止部２６の当接面２６ｂが当接して第一係止孔７が収容ばね２３の付勢力を受けるとともに、その第二係止孔８に対し第二係止部２７が当接して第二係止孔８が収容ばね２３の付勢力を受け、可動体１６がホルダ１に対し静止する。切除刃１７の刃先縁１７ａはホルダ１の収容孔５に収容されて押出体２９の押出端部３１より後方へ離間する。 2 to 3, while the guide protrusion 28 of the movable body 16 is guided by the guide groove 15 of the holder 1, the movable body 16 moves backward with respect to the holder 1 by the biasing force of the storage spring 23. The first locking portion 26 of the body 16 is engaged with the first locking hole 7 of the holder 1, and the second locking portion 27 of the movable body 16 is engaged with the second locking hole 8 of the holder 1. The The first locking hole 7 is in contact with the contact surface 26 b of the first locking portion 26 so that the first locking hole 7 receives the biasing force of the accommodation spring 23, and the second locking hole 8 The second locking portion 27 comes into contact, the second locking hole 8 receives the biasing force of the accommodation spring 23, and the movable body 16 is stationary with respect to the holder 1. The cutting edge 17 a of the cutting blade 17 is accommodated in the accommodation hole 5 of the holder 1 and is separated rearward from the extrusion end portion 31 of the extruded body 29.

図２〜３に示す収容位置Ａで、可動体１６の操作部２２を収容ばね２３の付勢力に抗して前方へ押すと、可動体１６の案内突起２８がホルダ１の案内溝１５により案内されながら可動体１６がホルダ１に対し収容ばね２３の付勢力に抗して前方（突出向きＸＢ）へ移動し、図４〜５に示す突出位置Ｂとなる。操作部２２の膨出部２２ａに指を当てがうと、可動体１６を前方へ押し易い。その際、可動体１６の第一係止部２６の当接面２６ａがホルダ１の第一係止孔７に当接して片持ち梁状の板ばね１９が収容孔５側へ撓むため、その第一係止部２６はホルダ１の第一係止孔７から離脱され、第一係止部２６より幅方向寸法の小さいホルダ１の第五係止孔１１に係入されることなく、板ばね１９の復帰に伴いホルダ１の第二係止孔８に係入される。また、可動体１６の第二係止部２７は、ホルダ１の第二係止孔８から離脱されて長孔１２を移動し、板ばね１９の復帰に伴いホルダ１の第三係止孔９に係入される。その第二係止孔８に対し可動体１６の第一係止部２６の当接面２６ｂが当接して第二係止孔８が収容ばね２３の付勢力を受け、可動体１６がホルダ１に対し静止する。切除刃１７の刃先縁１７ａはホルダ１の収容孔５から突出して押出体２９の押出端部３１より前方へ離間する。 When the operation portion 22 of the movable body 16 is pushed forward against the urging force of the accommodation spring 23 at the accommodation position A shown in FIGS. 2 to 3, the guide protrusion 28 of the movable body 16 is guided by the guide groove 15 of the holder 1. The movable body 16 moves forward (protruding direction XB) against the urging force of the accommodation spring 23 against the holder 1 to become a protruding position B shown in FIGS. When a finger is placed on the bulging part 22a of the operation part 22, the movable body 16 can be easily pushed forward. At that time, the contact surface 26a of the first locking portion 26 of the movable body 16 contacts the first locking hole 7 of the holder 1 and the cantilever-like plate spring 19 bends toward the receiving hole 5 side. The first locking portion 26 is detached from the first locking hole 7 of the holder 1 and is not engaged with the fifth locking hole 11 of the holder 1 having a smaller width dimension than the first locking portion 26. With the return of the leaf spring 19, it is engaged with the second locking hole 8 of the holder 1. Further, the second locking portion 27 of the movable body 16 is detached from the second locking hole 8 of the holder 1 to move through the long hole 12, and the third locking hole 9 of the holder 1 is moved with the return of the leaf spring 19. Will be enrolled in. The contact surface 26b of the first locking portion 26 of the movable body 16 abuts against the second locking hole 8 so that the second locking hole 8 receives the urging force of the accommodation spring 23, and the movable body 16 moves to the holder 1. It stops against. The cutting edge 17 a of the cutting blade 17 protrudes from the accommodation hole 5 of the holder 1 and is separated forward from the extrusion end 31 of the extruded body 29.

図４〜５に示す突出位置Ｂで、ホルダ１の両壁１３間に入れた指爪などにより両壁１３間の第二係止部２７を収容孔５側へ押すと、片持ち梁状の板ばね１９が収容孔５側へ撓んで、可動体１６の第二係止部２７がホルダ１の第三係止孔９から離脱されるとともに、可動体１６の第一係止部２６がホルダ１の第二係止孔８から離脱され、可動体１６の案内突起２８がホルダ１の案内溝１５により案内されながら可動体１６がホルダ１に対し収容ばね２３の付勢力により後方（収容向きＸＡ）へ移動して、図２〜３に示す収容位置Ａに戻る。この場合、可動体１６において、片持ち梁状の板ばね１９の基端部に対する第一係止部２６の距離は、その基端部に対する第二係止部２７の距離より大きくなるので、第一係止部２６の位置における板ばね１９の撓み量が第二係止部２７の位置における板ばね１９の撓み量より大きくなり、第二係止部２７を第三係止孔９から離脱させれば、第一係止部２６を第二係止孔８から自ずと離脱させることができる。 When the second locking portion 27 between the walls 13 is pushed toward the accommodation hole 5 by a fingernail or the like inserted between the walls 13 of the holder 1 at the protruding position B shown in FIGS. The leaf spring 19 is bent toward the accommodation hole 5, the second locking portion 27 of the movable body 16 is detached from the third locking hole 9 of the holder 1, and the first locking portion 26 of the movable body 16 is the holder. 1, the movable body 16 is moved rearward (accommodating direction XA) by the biasing force of the accommodating spring 23 against the holder 1 while the guide protrusion 28 of the movable body 16 is guided by the guide groove 15 of the holder 1. ) To return to the storage position A shown in FIGS. In this case, in the movable body 16, the distance of the first locking portion 26 with respect to the base end portion of the cantilevered plate spring 19 is larger than the distance of the second locking portion 27 with respect to the base end portion. The bending amount of the leaf spring 19 at the position of the one locking portion 26 is larger than the bending amount of the leaf spring 19 at the position of the second locking portion 27, and the second locking portion 27 is detached from the third locking hole 9. Then, the first locking part 26 can be detached from the second locking hole 8 naturally.

可動体１６を下記のロック操作手段（ストッパ２５の係止部２６，２７、ガイド６の係止孔１０，１１など）により図２〜３に示す収容位置Ａから図６〜７に示すロック位置Ｃに移動させる場合について説明する。 The movable body 16 is moved from the storage position A shown in FIGS. 2 to 3 to the lock positions shown in FIGS. 6 to 7 by the following lock operation means (the locking portions 26 and 27 of the stopper 25, the locking holes 10 and 11 of the guide 6). A case of moving to C will be described.

図２〜３に示す収容位置Ａから図６〜７に示すロック位置Ｃにする場合には、まず、一方の手の指爪などにより可動体１６の第二係止部２７を収容孔５側へ押すと、片持ち梁状の板ばね１９が収容孔５側へ撓んで、可動体１６の第二係止部２７の当接面２７ｂがホルダ１の第二係止孔８に当接する。次に、一方の手の指爪などにより可動体１６の第二係止部２７を収容孔５側へ押したまま、他方の手で可動体１６の操作部２２を後方へ引くと、可動体１６の第二係止部２７の当接面２７ｂが第二係止孔８で押されて第二係止部２７がホルダ１の第二係止孔８から離脱される。操作部２２の膨出部２２ａに指を当てがうと、可動体１６を後方へ引き易い。この場合、可動体１６において、第一係止部２６の位置における板ばね１９の撓み量は、第二係止部２７の位置における板ばね１９の撓み量より大きくなるため、第二係止部２７を第二係止孔８から離脱させれば、第一係止部２６を第一係止孔７から自ずと離脱させることができる。そのため、可動体１６の案内突起２８がホルダ１の案内溝１５により案内されながら、可動体１６がホルダ１に対し後方（収容向きＸＡ）へ移動する。可動体１６の第一係止部２６は板ばね１９の復帰に伴いホルダ１の第四係止孔１０に係入されるとともに、可動体１６の第二係止部２７は板ばね１９の復帰に伴いホルダ１の第五係止孔１１に係入され、可動体１６がホルダ１に対し静止して、図６〜７に示すロック位置Ｃになる。ロック位置Ｃでは、第二係止部２７の当接面２７ａが上下方向Ｚへ延びる鉛直面になっているため、その当接面２７ａが突出向きＸＢの移動力を受けて第二係止部２７が第五係止孔１１から容易に離脱せず、また、第一係止部２６の当接面２６ｂが収容向きＸＡの移動力を受けて収容向きＸＡへの移動を規制する。その際、収容ばね２３が伸び切っているので、収容ばね２３の付勢力は可動体１６に付与されない。切除刃１７の刃先縁１７ａはホルダ１の収容孔５に収容されて押出体２９の押出端部３１に対し収容位置Ａの場合より後方へ離間する。必要に応じて、図６〜７に示すロック位置Ｃから図２〜３に示す収容位置Ａにすることも可能である。 When the storage position A shown in FIGS. 2 to 3 is changed to the lock position C shown in FIGS. 6 to 7, first, the second locking portion 27 of the movable body 16 is moved to the side of the storage hole 5 by the fingernail of one hand. When pressed, the cantilever-like plate spring 19 bends toward the accommodation hole 5, and the contact surface 27 b of the second locking portion 27 of the movable body 16 contacts the second locking hole 8 of the holder 1. Next, when the operation portion 22 of the movable body 16 is pulled backward with the other hand while the second locking portion 27 of the movable body 16 is pushed toward the accommodation hole 5 by a fingernail or the like of one hand, the movable body The contact surface 27 b of the 16 second locking portion 27 is pushed by the second locking hole 8, and the second locking portion 27 is detached from the second locking hole 8 of the holder 1. When a finger is placed on the bulging portion 22a of the operation portion 22, the movable body 16 can be easily pulled backward. In this case, in the movable body 16, the amount of bending of the leaf spring 19 at the position of the first locking portion 26 is larger than the amount of bending of the leaf spring 19 at the position of the second locking portion 27. If 27 is released from the second locking hole 8, the first locking portion 26 can be automatically released from the first locking hole 7. Therefore, the movable body 16 moves backward (accommodating direction XA) with respect to the holder 1 while the guide protrusion 28 of the movable body 16 is guided by the guide groove 15 of the holder 1. The first locking portion 26 of the movable body 16 is engaged with the fourth locking hole 10 of the holder 1 as the leaf spring 19 is returned, and the second locking portion 27 of the movable body 16 is returned to the leaf spring 19. Accordingly, the movable body 16 is engaged with the fifth locking hole 11 of the holder 1 to be stationary with respect to the holder 1, and the lock position C shown in FIGS. At the lock position C, the contact surface 27a of the second locking portion 27 is a vertical surface extending in the up-down direction Z, so that the contact surface 27a receives the moving force in the protruding direction XB and receives the second locking portion. 27 does not easily disengage from the fifth locking hole 11, and the contact surface 26b of the first locking portion 26 receives the moving force in the storage direction XA and restricts the movement in the storage direction XA. At that time, since the accommodation spring 23 is fully extended, the urging force of the accommodation spring 23 is not applied to the movable body 16. The cutting edge 17 a of the cutting blade 17 is accommodated in the accommodation hole 5 of the holder 1 and is separated from the extrusion end 31 of the extruded body 29 more backward than in the accommodation position A. If necessary, the storage position A shown in FIGS. 2 to 3 can be changed from the lock position C shown in FIGS.

医療用刃物を使用する場合について説明する。
切除刃１７の円環状刃先縁１７ａを突出位置Ｂにした状態でその円環状刃先縁１７ａを皮膚に当てがって回動させたり押さえ付けたりすると、円環状刃先縁１７ａにより切断された皮膚片が円環状刃先縁１７ａの内側に残る。その後、円環状刃先縁１７ａを収容位置Ａにすると、円環状刃先縁１７ａの内側に残った皮膚片が押出体２９の押出端部３１により円環状刃先縁１７ａから外側へ押し出されて排出される。このようにホルダ１を把持して医療用刃物を使用する場合に、指の腹などがホルダ１の両壁１３に当たっても、第二係止部２７に対する不用意な操作を防止して、突出位置Ｂから収容位置Ａへの切除刃１７の戻りを規制している。 The case where a medical blade is used will be described.
When the annular blade edge 17a is applied to the skin and rotated or pressed while the annular blade edge 17a of the cutting blade 17 is in the protruding position B, the skin piece cut by the annular blade edge 17a. Remains inside the annular cutting edge 17a. Thereafter, when the annular blade edge 17a is set to the storage position A, the skin piece remaining inside the annular blade edge 17a is pushed out from the annular blade edge 17a by the pushing end 31 of the extruded body 29 and discharged. . Thus, when holding the holder 1 and using a medical blade, even if the stomach of the finger hits both walls 13 of the holder 1, an inadvertent operation on the second locking portion 27 is prevented, and the protruding position The return of the cutting blade 17 from B to the storage position A is restricted.

ちなみに、医療用刃物における前後方向Ｘの全長については、切除刃１７の収容位置Ａで約１５０ｍｍに設定され、切除刃１７の突出位置Ｂで約１４８ｍｍに設定され、切除刃１７のロック位置Ｃで約１５６ｍｍに設定されている。また、医療用刃物における左右方向Ｙの幅寸法が約１０ｍｍに設定されている。 Incidentally, the overall length in the front-rear direction X of the medical blade is set to about 150 mm at the housing position A of the cutting blade 17, set to about 148 mm at the protruding position B of the cutting blade 17, and at the locking position C of the cutting blade 17. It is set to about 156 mm. Moreover, the width dimension of the left-right direction Y in a medical blade is set to about 10 mm.

次に、本発明の第二実施形態の医療用刃物について第一実施形態との主な相違点を中心に図８〜１４を参照して説明する。なお、第二実施形態の図８〜１４はそれぞれ第一実施形態の図１〜７に対応する。 Next, the medical blade of the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 14 focusing on the main differences from the first embodiment. 8 to 14 of the second embodiment correspond to FIGS. 1 to 7 of the first embodiment, respectively.

切除刃１７（機能部）の形態が異なり、上下方向Ｚに沿う中心を有する円環状の刃先縁１７ａを有している。押出体２９は省略されている。ホルダ１の筒壁２の頭端部３で収容孔５には、上下両側で案内溝１５ａが頭端部３から所定長さだけ前後方向Ｘへ延設されているとともに、左右両側で案内溝１５ｂが頭端部３から所定長さだけ前後方向Ｘへ延設されている。ホルダ１の筒壁２の上側には頭端部３とガイド６との間の中間位置で片持ち梁状の板ばね３５が頭端部３側から尻端部４側に延設されている。板ばね３５の自由端部の下側には左右両受け部３６が互いに間隔をあけて収容孔５側へ突設されている。可動体１６は、ばね支持部２１の上方で、頭部１８の後端部から延設された腕部３７と、支持部２０の前端部から延設された腕部３８とを有している。これらの腕部３７，３８はホルダ１の板ばね３５の左右両受け部３６間に挿入されて前後方向Ｘへ移動し得る。収容ばね２３（圧縮コイルばね）はこれらの腕部３７，３８間の隙間を利用して腕部３７，３８に挿入されてばね支持部２１の上方でホルダ１の板ばね３５の左右両受け部３６と支持部２０との間に支持される。可動体１６の頭部１８の後端部の外周には上下両側で案内突起２８が形成されてホルダ１の上下両側の案内溝１５ａに係入されている。可動体１６をホルダ１に挿入する際に、板ばね３５の受け部３６の前側に形成された斜面（図示せず）に可動体１６が当接して板ばね３５が上方へ撓むため、受け部３６に対する可動体１６の干渉を避けることができる。 The form of the cutting blade 17 (functional part) is different, and it has an annular blade edge 17a having a center along the vertical direction Z. The extruded body 29 is omitted. A guide groove 15a extends in the front-rear direction X from the head end 3 by a predetermined length in the receiving hole 5 at the head end 3 of the cylindrical wall 2 of the holder 1 and at both the left and right sides. 15b extends from the head end 3 in the front-rear direction X by a predetermined length. On the upper side of the cylindrical wall 2 of the holder 1, a cantilevered plate spring 35 is extended from the head end 3 side to the tail end 4 side at an intermediate position between the head end 3 and the guide 6. . On the lower side of the free end portion of the leaf spring 35, both left and right receiving portions 36 project from the receiving hole 5 side with a space therebetween. The movable body 16 has an arm portion 37 extending from the rear end portion of the head 18 and an arm portion 38 extending from the front end portion of the support portion 20 above the spring support portion 21. . These arm portions 37 and 38 are inserted between the left and right receiving portions 36 of the leaf spring 35 of the holder 1 and can move in the front-rear direction X. The accommodation spring 23 (compression coil spring) is inserted into the arm portions 37, 38 using the gap between the arm portions 37, 38, and the left and right receiving portions of the leaf spring 35 of the holder 1 above the spring support portion 21. 36 and the support 20 are supported. On the outer periphery of the rear end of the head 18 of the movable body 16, guide protrusions 28 are formed on both the upper and lower sides and are engaged with the guide grooves 15 a on both the upper and lower sides of the holder 1. When the movable body 16 is inserted into the holder 1, the movable body 16 comes into contact with an inclined surface (not shown) formed on the front side of the receiving portion 36 of the leaf spring 35 and the leaf spring 35 is bent upward. Interference of the movable body 16 with the part 36 can be avoided.

可動体１６を往復操作手段により図９〜１０に示す収容位置Ａと図１１〜１２に示す突出位置Ｂとの間で移動させることができる。また、可動体１６をロック操作手段により図９〜１０に示す収容位置Ａから図１３〜１４に示すロック位置Ｃに移動させることができる。収容位置Ａや突出位置Ｂでは可動体１６の腕部３７，３８に挿入された収容ばね２３が常にホルダ１の板ばね３５の左右両受け部３６と支持部２０との間に支持されて付勢力を可動体１６に付与するが、ロック位置Ｃでは収容ばね２３が腕部３７の基端部と支持部２０との間に支持されて板ばね３５の左右両受け部３６から離れるため、可動体１６に付勢力が付与されない。収容位置Ａ及びロック位置Ｃで切除刃１７はホルダ１の収容孔５に収容されて左右両側の案内溝１５ｂに挿入される。突出位置Ｂで切除刃１７はホルダ１の収容孔５から突出する。 The movable body 16 can be moved between the housing position A shown in FIGS. 9 to 10 and the protruding position B shown in FIGS. Further, the movable body 16 can be moved from the storage position A shown in FIGS. 9 to 10 to the lock position C shown in FIGS. In the storage position A and the protruding position B, the storage spring 23 inserted into the arm portions 37 and 38 of the movable body 16 is always supported between the left and right receiving portions 36 of the leaf spring 35 of the holder 1 and the support portion 20. A force is applied to the movable body 16, but at the lock position C, the accommodation spring 23 is supported between the base end portion of the arm portion 37 and the support portion 20 and is separated from both the left and right receiving portions 36 of the leaf spring 35. No biasing force is applied to the body 16. At the receiving position A and the locking position C, the cutting blade 17 is received in the receiving hole 5 of the holder 1 and inserted into the guide grooves 15b on the left and right sides. At the protruding position B, the cutting blade 17 protrudes from the accommodation hole 5 of the holder 1.

医療用刃物を使用する場合には、切除刃１７を突出位置Ｂにした状態で皮膚に当てがって皮膚表面の組織を掻き取ることができる。
第一実施形態及び第二実施形態は下記の効果を有する。 When a medical blade is used, it can be applied to the skin with the cutting blade 17 in the protruding position B and the tissue on the skin surface can be scraped off.
The first embodiment and the second embodiment have the following effects.

（１）可動体１６の切除刃１７をロック位置Ｃに移動させると、使用後に廃棄する際に切除刃１７が不用意に収容位置Ａや突出位置Ｂに移動してしまうことを防止するばかりでなく、そのロック位置Ｃを視認して、使用後のものか否かを容易に判別し、廃棄後の再使用を防止することができる。 (1) When the cutting blade 17 of the movable body 16 is moved to the lock position C, the cutting blade 17 is prevented from inadvertently moving to the storage position A or the protruding position B when discarded after use. In addition, it is possible to easily determine whether or not the lock position C has been used by visually recognizing the lock position C and prevent reuse after disposal.

（２）第一係止部２６と第二係止部２７とを有する簡単なストッパ２５と、第一係止孔７と第二係止孔８と第三係止孔９と第四係止孔１０と第五係止孔１１とを有する簡単なガイド６とを係脱させることにより、収容用係止部と突出用係止部とロック用係止部とを兼用して、ホルダ１に対する可動体１６の移動位置を設定することができる。 (2) A simple stopper 25 having a first locking portion 26 and a second locking portion 27, a first locking hole 7, a second locking hole 8, a third locking hole 9, and a fourth locking. By engaging and disengaging the simple guide 6 having the hole 10 and the fifth locking hole 11, the housing locking portion, the protruding locking portion, and the locking locking portion can be used in combination with the holder 1. The moving position of the movable body 16 can be set.

（３）往復操作手段では、ストッパ２５の第一係止部２６をガイド６の第一係止孔７に対し係脱させるとともにストッパ２５の第二係止部２７をガイド６の第二係止孔８に対し係脱させる操作により、可動体１６を切除刃１７の突出位置Ｂから収容位置Ａへ移動させることができる。往復操作手段では、ストッパ２５の第一係止部２６をガイド６の第二係止孔８に対し係脱させるとともにストッパ２５の第二係止部２７をガイド６の第三係止孔９に対し係脱させる操作により、可動体１６を切除刃１７の収容位置Ａから突出位置Ｂへ移動させることができる。ロック操作手段では、ストッパ２５の第一係止部２６をガイド６の第四係止孔１０に対し係止させるとともにストッパ２５の第二係止部２７をガイド６の第五係止孔１１に対し係止させる操作により、可動体１６を切除刃１７の収容位置Ａからロック位置Ｃへ移動させることができる。従って、往復操作手段による操作とロック操作手段による操作とを互いに区別して行うことができ、可動体１６の誤った操作を防止することができる。 (3) In the reciprocating operation means, the first locking portion 26 of the stopper 25 is engaged with and disengaged from the first locking hole 7 of the guide 6 and the second locking portion 27 of the stopper 25 is engaged with the second locking of the guide 6. The movable body 16 can be moved from the protruding position B of the cutting blade 17 to the accommodating position A by the operation of engaging / disengaging the hole 8. In the reciprocating operation means, the first locking portion 26 of the stopper 25 is engaged with and disengaged from the second locking hole 8 of the guide 6 and the second locking portion 27 of the stopper 25 is engaged with the third locking hole 9 of the guide 6. The movable body 16 can be moved from the housing position A of the cutting blade 17 to the projecting position B by the operation of engaging and disengaging it. In the locking operation means, the first locking portion 26 of the stopper 25 is locked to the fourth locking hole 10 of the guide 6, and the second locking portion 27 of the stopper 25 is locked to the fifth locking hole 11 of the guide 6. The movable body 16 can be moved from the storage position A of the cutting blade 17 to the lock position C by the operation of engaging with the cutting blade 17. Therefore, the operation by the reciprocating operation means and the operation by the lock operation means can be performed separately from each other, and erroneous operation of the movable body 16 can be prevented.

（４）ロック操作手段では、ストッパ２５の第一係止部２６をガイド６の第一係止孔７から離脱させるとともにストッパ２５の第二係止部２７をガイド６の第二係止孔８から離脱させる第一段階の操作と、ストッパ２５の第一係止部２６をガイド６の第四係止孔１０に係入させるとともにストッパ２５の第二係止部２７をガイド６の第五係止孔１１に係入させる第二段階の操作とを順次経るので、可動体１６の切除刃１７が収容位置Ａからロック位置Ｃへ不用意に移動するのを防止することができる。 (4) In the locking operation means, the first locking portion 26 of the stopper 25 is separated from the first locking hole 7 of the guide 6 and the second locking portion 27 of the stopper 25 is moved to the second locking hole 8 of the guide 6. The first step of releasing from the first engagement portion, the first engagement portion 26 of the stopper 25 is engaged with the fourth engagement hole 10 of the guide 6, and the second engagement portion 27 of the stopper 25 is engaged with the fifth engagement portion of the guide 6. Since the second-stage operation for engaging with the stop hole 11 is sequentially performed, it is possible to prevent the cutting blade 17 of the movable body 16 from inadvertently moving from the storage position A to the lock position C.

（５）収容位置Ａで可動体１６の操作部２２を収容ばね２３の付勢力に抗して押すことにより、切除刃１７を収容位置Ａから突出位置Ｂへ容易に移動させることができる。また、突出位置Ｂで可動体１６のストッパ２５（第二係止部２７）を押してホルダ１のガイド６（第三係止孔９）に対し離脱させることにより、切除刃１７を収容ばね２３の付勢力により突出位置Ｂから収容位置Ａへ容易に移動させることができる。それらの操作は片手のみで容易に行うことができる。 (5) By pushing the operating portion 22 of the movable body 16 against the biasing force of the housing spring 23 at the housing position A, the cutting blade 17 can be easily moved from the housing position A to the protruding position B. Further, by pushing the stopper 25 (second locking portion 27) of the movable body 16 at the protruding position B so as to be separated from the guide 6 (third locking hole 9) of the holder 1, the cutting blade 17 is moved to the housing spring 23. It can be easily moved from the protruding position B to the accommodating position A by the urging force. These operations can be easily performed with only one hand.

前記実施形態以外にも例えば下記のように構成してもよい。 For example, the following embodiment may be configured as follows .

・可動体１６の板ばね１９については、片持ち梁に代えて両持ち梁を採用することができる。また、片持ち梁状の板ばね１９は支持部２０の前端部側から尻側の操作部２２へ向けて延設されているが、片持ち梁状の板ばね１９を支持部２０の後端部側から前端部側へ逆向きに延設してもよい。 -About the leaf | plate spring 19 of the movable body 16, it can replace with a cantilever beam and can employ | adopt a cantilever beam. The cantilever-like plate spring 19 extends from the front end side of the support portion 20 toward the operating portion 22 on the buttocks side. The cantilever-like plate spring 19 is connected to the rear end of the support portion 20. You may extend in the reverse direction from the part side to the front end part side.

・前記実施形態では、ホルダ１のガイド６において、第一係止孔７と第二係止孔８と第三係止孔９と第四係止孔１０と第五係止孔１１とのうち、第二係止孔８と第三係止孔９とが長孔１２により互いに連通されているが、すべての係止孔７，８，９，１０，１１を互いに連通させたり、任意の二以上の係止孔を互いに連通させたりしてもよい。 · In the previous SL embodiment, the guide 6 of the holder 1, a first locking hole 7 and the second locking hole 8 and the third locking hole 9 and the fourth locking hole 10 of the fifth locking hole 11 Among them, the second locking hole 8 and the third locking hole 9 are communicated with each other by the long hole 12, but all the locking holes 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 are communicated with each other, Two or more locking holes may communicate with each other.

・ホルダ１の筒壁２については、その一部または全部で可動体１６を外側から見ることができるように透明または半透明に成形して、切除刃１７の種類や収容ばね２３の伸縮状態を確認できるようにしたり、可動体１６の色に応じて品種を区別できるようにしたりしてもよい。 -About the cylindrical wall 2 of the holder 1, the movable body 16 is formed in a transparent or semi-transparent shape so that the movable body 16 can be seen from the outside, and the type of the cutting blade 17 and the expansion / contraction state of the accommodation spring 23 are changed. It may be possible to confirm, or the type may be distinguished according to the color of the movable body 16.

・機能部としては、他の切除刃１７、例えば、眼科メスを採用したり刃体以外のものを採用したりしてもよい。その場合、特許第５０９５１６３号公報に開示されているように、可動体において切除刃を有する頭部に対し操作部を回動させてホルダのガイドに対し可動体のストッパを係脱させることにより、ホルダに対する可動体の収容位置Ａや突出位置Ｂを設定するようにしてもよい。また、特許第５０９５１６３号公報に開示されているように、ホルダに対する切除刃の出入に際して切除刃の向きを変更するようにしてもよい。さらに、本発明を医療用刃物以外の手持ち具に応用することができる。 -As a function part, you may employ | adopt other cutting blades 17, for example, ophthalmic scalpels, or a thing other than a blade body. In that case, as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5095163, by rotating the operating portion with respect to the head having a cutting blade in the movable body, the stopper of the movable body is engaged and disengaged with respect to the guide of the holder, You may make it set the accommodation position A and the protrusion position B of the movable body with respect to a holder. Further, as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5095163, the direction of the cutting blade may be changed when the cutting blade enters and exits the holder. Furthermore, the present invention can be applied to a hand tool other than a medical blade.

１…ホルダ、３…ホルダの頭端部、４…ホルダの尻端部、６…ホルダのガイド、７…ガイドの第一係止孔（収容用係止部）、８…ガイドの第二係止孔（収容用係止部、突出用係止部）、９…ガイドの第三係止孔（突出用係止部）、１０…ガイドの第四係止孔（ロック用係止部）、１１…ガイドの第五係止孔（ロック用係止部）、１６…可動体、１７…可動体の切除刃（機能部）、１８…可動体の頭部、１９…可動体の板ばね、２２…可動体の操作部、２５…可動体のストッパ、２６…ストッパの第一係止部（収容用係止部、突出用係止部）、２７…ストッパの第二係止部（収容用係止部、突出用係止部）、Ａ…収容位置、Ｂ…突出位置、Ｃ…ロック位置、Ｘ…移動方向、ＸＡ…収容向き、ＸＢ…突出向き。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Holder, 3 ... Head end part of holder, 4 ... Bottom end part of holder, 6 ... Holder guide, 7 ... First locking hole (accommodating locking part) of guide, 8 ... Second engagement of guide Stop holes (accommodating locking portions, protruding locking portions), 9 ... third locking holes of the guide (protruding locking portions), 10 ... fourth locking holes of the guide (locking locking portions), DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... 5th locking hole (locking locking part) of a guide, 16 ... movable body, 17 ... cutting blade (functional part) of movable body, 18 ... head of movable body, 19 ... leaf spring of movable body, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 22 ... Operation part of movable body, 25 ... Stopper of movable body, 26 ... First locking part of stopper (holding locking part, protrusion locking part), 27 ... Second locking part of stopper (for storage) (Locking part, protrusion locking part), A ... accommodating position, B ... protruding position, C ... locking position, X ... moving direction, XA ... accommodating direction, XB ... projecting direction.

Claims

In a hand-held tool that supports a movable body having a functional part movably with respect to a holder,
The movable body can take not only the housing position where the functional part is housed in the holder and the projecting position protruding from the holder, but also the housing position and the lock position that prevents movement to the projecting position ,
Reciprocating operation means for reciprocating the movable body between the accommodation position and the protruding position of the functional part; and a lock operation means for moving the movable body from the accommodation position of the functional part to the lock position;
In the holder, a head end portion where the functional part of the movable body appears and disappears, a buttocks end portion opposite to the head end portion in the moving direction of the movable body, and the head end portion and the buttocks end portion And a guide provided therebetween,
In the movable body, an operating portion is provided to be exposed from the buttocks end of the holder on the hip side opposite to the head having the functional portion in the moving direction of the movable body, and between the functional portion and the operating portion. Is provided with a leaf spring extending along the moving direction of the movable body, and this leaf spring is provided with a stopper that is engaged with and disengaged from the guide of the holder. The guide is locked by the urging force of the leaf spring, and the locking is released against the urging force,
The movable body stopper includes a first locking portion and a second locking portion provided on the protruding direction side of the functional portion with respect to the first locking portion and spaced apart along the moving direction of the movable body. Have
The guide of the holder includes a first locking portion in which the first locking portion of the stopper is locked at the accommodation position of the functional portion, and a second locking portion of the stopper in the accommodation position of the functional portion. A second locking portion where the first locking portion of the stopper is locked at the protruding position of the functional portion; a third locking portion where the second locking portion of the stopper is locked at the protruding position of the functional portion; A fourth locking portion where the first locking portion of the stopper is locked at the locking position of the functional portion; and a fifth locking portion where the second locking portion of the stopper is locked at the locking position of the functional portion. And the fourth locking portion, the first locking portion, the fifth locking portion, the second locking portion, and the third locking portion of the guide function apart from each other along the moving direction of the movable body. Are sequentially arranged on the protruding side of the part,
With the reciprocating operation means, the movable body is moved by the operation portion to disengage the first locking portion of the stopper with respect to the first locking portion of the guide, and the second locking portion of the stopper is engaged with the second engagement of the guide. Engaging / disengaging the stopper, and engaging / disengaging the first locking portion of the stopper with respect to the second locking portion of the guide and engaging the second locking portion of the stopper with respect to the third locking portion of the guide. The operation of releasing, and the operation of locking the first locking portion of the stopper to the fourth locking portion of the guide and locking the second locking portion of the stopper to the fifth locking portion of the guide, Different from each other
An operation of detaching the first locking portion of the stopper from the first locking portion of the guide and detaching the second locking portion of the stopper from the second locking portion of the guide by the locking operation means; By combining a plurality of different operations that sequentially pass through the operation of engaging the locking portion with the fourth locking portion of the guide and engaging the second locking portion of the stopper with the fifth locking portion of the guide, A hand-held device characterized in that the movable body is moved from the accommodation position of the function section to the lock position by the operation section .

The leaf spring is a cantilever extending along the moving direction of the movable body and having a free end on the accommodation direction side of the functional portion. The first locking portion of the stopper of the movable body is a leaf spring. The hand-held device according to claim 1, wherein the second locking portion is provided on the base end portion side of the leaf spring from the first locking portion while being provided on the free end side.

A wall that sandwiches the second locking portion of the stopper at the protruding position of the functional portion is provided on both sides in the width direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the movable body at the third locking portion of the guide. The hand-held device according to claim 1 or 2.

The first locking portion, the second locking portion, the third locking portion, the fourth locking portion, and the fifth locking portion of the guide oppose each other in the width direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the movable body. A locking hole having an end edge portion, wherein the first locking portion and the second locking portion of the stopper are inserted between both edge portions of the locking hole. The hand-held device according to claim 1.

In the stopper, the width direction dimension of the first locking portion in the width direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the movable body is larger than the width direction size of the second locking portion in the width direction. The width direction dimension between both end edges of the locking hole in the fourth locking portion, the first locking portion, and the second locking portion in the width direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the body is the fifth relationship in the width direction. The hand-held tool according to claim 4, wherein the stop portion is provided larger than a width-direction dimension between both end edges of the locking hole.

The said movable body is urged | biased from the protrusion position side of a functional part to the accommodation position side of a functional part with the accommodation spring supported by the holder. The claim in any one of Claims 1-5 characterized by the above-mentioned. The hand tool listed.

The hand holding tool according to claim 6, wherein the housing spring releases the urging force against the movable body at the lock position of the function part.