JP6400916B2 - Manufacturing method of joined body - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a joined body by high energy beam welding. More specifically, the present invention relates to a technique for manufacturing a homogeneous or dissimilar metal joint by high energy beam welding such as electron beam welding or laser welding.

  High energy beam welding such as electron beam welding and laser welding has attracted attention particularly in the field of transportation equipment such as automobiles, railway vehicles, and ships because of its deep penetration and very little influence of welding heat. On the other hand, in high energy beam welding, if the solidification shrinkage of the weld metal is large during construction, welding defects such as cracks may occur, and it is necessary to set welding conditions suitable for the material to be welded.

  Therefore, conventionally, when performing high-energy beam welding, the cooling rate is controlled so that welding is performed while continuously supplying a wire-like filler metal to the laser beam irradiation part, or the molten metal part is not rapidly cooled. This prevents the occurrence of welding defects (for example, see Patent Documents 1 to 3).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-225664 Special table 2008-501527 JP 2011-67830 A

  However, the method of welding while supplying the wire-like filler material requires a mechanism for supplying the wire separately from the mechanism for irradiating the welded portion with the laser beam, which complicates the apparatus. There is a problem. In addition, because of the structure of the wire supply mechanism, this welding method cannot increase the wire supply speed to the same level as the laser beam irradiation speed, and the welding speed depends on the wire supply speed. Is difficult.

  Similarly, the method for controlling the cooling conditions of the weld metal also requires a separate equipment for delaying the cooling rate of the molten metal part, which complicates the apparatus and makes it difficult to improve the welding speed. is there.

Then, this invention sets it as the main objective to provide the manufacturing method of the conjugate | zygote which can speed up welding speed, without complicating an apparatus.

In the method for manufacturing a joined body according to the present invention, an embossed concave portion is formed at at least one welding position of a first member made of a metal material and a second member made of the same or different metal material as the first member. Before the step of arranging the filler material in the step, arranging the filler material in at least one recess of the first member and the second member, arranging the filler material, or after arranging the filler material, A step of overlapping the first member and the second member to sandwich the filler material to form a lap joint, the first member, the second member, and the filler material, the first member side or by irradiating a high energy beam a recess in which the filler is disposed from the second member side as the irradiation position, the filler material and the said first member second member, the recess is molten metal It is melted as the second member and the first member And a step of welding.
The manufacturing method of the joined body of this invention may have the process of shape | molding any one or both of the said 1st member and the said 2nd member in a predetermined shape.
In that case, the concave portion can be formed in at least one of the first member and the second member before the molding step or after the molding step.
Alternatively, in the forming step, the recess may be formed in at least one of the first member and the second member.
In the method for manufacturing a joined body according to the present invention, the high energy beam welding is, for example, electron beam welding or laser welding.
For example, when the high energy beam welding is laser welding, the laser can be irradiated in a defocused state.
Further, when the high energy beam welding is laser welding, remote welding may be performed.
Furthermore, when the high energy beam welding is laser welding, the laser beam can be irradiated in a spiral shape, a spiral shape, a circular shape or a concentric shape. In addition, the circular shape here is not limited to a perfect circle shape, and also includes a substantially circular shape and an elliptical shape.

  According to the present invention, since the filler metal is disposed at the welding position of the member to be joined, it is possible to perform high-energy beam welding at high speed without complicating the apparatus.

It is a flowchart figure which shows the manufacturing method of the conjugate | zygote of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. A and B are perspective views schematically showing a recess forming method. AC is sectional drawing which shows the filler material arrangement | positioning method typically. A to F are perspective views schematically showing a form example of the filler material 3. AC is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration example of a lap joint. AC is sectional drawing which shows the welding method typically. AC is a sectional view schematically showing another welding method. It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of the remote welding method by a mirror scanning method. It is a flowchart figure which shows the manufacturing method of the conjugate | zygote of the 1st modification of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a disassembled perspective view of the lap joint formed with the manufacturing method of the conjugate | zygote which concerns on the 2nd modification of the 1st Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.

(First embodiment)
First, the manufacturing method of the joined body which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing a joined body according to this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, in the manufacturing method of the joined body of this embodiment, a recessed part formation process (step S1), a filler material arrangement | positioning process (step S2), a lap joint formation process (step S3), and a welding process (Step S4) is performed.

[Step S1: Concave formation process]
2A and 2B are perspective views schematically showing a recess forming method. As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, in the recess forming step, the recess 4 is formed at the welding position of at least one of the first member 1 and the second member 2 made of a metal material. Although the shape of the recessed part 4 is not specifically limited, For example, besides the embossed shape shown to FIG. 2B, it can also be set as bead shape.

  Moreover, the number of the recessed parts 4 formed in the 1st member 1 and the 2nd member 2 can be suitably set according to the number of the welding planned locations. Further, the size and depth of the recess 4 are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the size of the filler metal 3, welding conditions, and the like.

  In addition, the 1st member 1 and the 2nd member 2 may be formed with the same kind of metal material, and may be formed with a different kind of metal material. Moreover, when the 1st member 1 and the 2nd member 2 are formed with the same kind of metal material, these may be the metal material of the same composition, and even if it is the metal material which is the same, but a composition differs. Good.

[Step S2: Filler Material Arrangement Step]
3A to 3C are cross-sectional views schematically showing a filler material arranging method. As shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C, in the filler material arranging step, the filler material 3 is arranged in each of the recesses 4 of at least one of the first member 1 and the second member 2. Here, FIG. 3 shows an example in which one filler material 3 is arranged in each recess 4, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of filler materials 3 are provided in the recess 4. May be arranged.

  Further, the size and shape of the filler material 3 are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to welding conditions such as the diameter and power of the irradiated beam. 4A to 4F are diagrams schematically showing an example of the form of the filler material 3. In the joined member 10 of the present embodiment, in addition to the disk-shaped filler material 3a shown in FIG. 4A, a plate-like filler material 3b as shown in FIG. 4B, a rod-like or wire-like filler material as shown in FIG. 4C. The additive 3c etc. can be used. Moreover, the flux 8 may be filled inside the filler materials 3d to 3f as shown in FIGS.

Further, the component composition of the filler materials 3, 3 a to 3 f and the flux 8 used together is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately set according to the material of the first member 1 and the second member 2. . For example, when the first member 1 and the second member 2 are aluminum or an aluminum alloy, the filler materials 3 and 3a to 3f include so-called A4000 series alloys (Al, such as A4043 and A4047 defined in JIS Z3232. -Cu alloy) material can be used. The flux 8 preferably contains a fluorine-based compound such as KF, AlF ₃ and K ₃ AlF ₆ as a main component, and contains a cesium compound such as CsF, CsAlF ₄ and CsKAlF in addition to these components. Is more preferable.

[Step S3: Lap Joint Forming Step]
In the lap joint forming step, the first member 1 and the second member 2 are overlapped to form a lap joint. 5A to 5C are cross-sectional views schematically showing configuration examples of lap joints. In the manufacturing method of the joined body of this embodiment, the filler material 3 should just be arrange | positioned in the any one recessed part 4 of the 1st member 1 and the 2nd member 2, for example, as shown to FIG. The 2nd member 2 in which the recessed part is not formed can be piled up on the 1st part member 1 by which the filler material 3 is arrange | positioned.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG. 5B, the concave portion 4 of the first member 1 in which the filler material 3 is disposed may be superimposed on the concave portion 4 of the second member 2. Further, as shown in FIG. 5C, the second member 2 in which the recesses are formed is sandwiched between the first member 1 in which the filler material 3 is disposed in the recesses 4, and the filler material 3 is sandwiched between the respective recesses 4. It can also be superimposed on.

[Step S4: Welding process]
In the welding process, the first member 1 and the second member 2 are subjected to high energy beam welding. 6 and 7 are cross-sectional views schematically showing the welding method. For example, when welding the lap joint shown in FIG. 5A, as shown in FIGS. 6A to 6C, the second member 2 side is irradiated with the high energy beam 5, and the second member 2, the filler material 3 and the first member 1 are irradiated. Is melted (molten metal 6), and a joined body in which the weld metal 7 is formed from the second member 2 to the first member 1 is obtained. Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 7A to 7C, the first member 1 side is irradiated with a high energy beam 5 to melt the first member 1, the filler material 3 and the second member 2 (molten metal 6). The weld metal 7 may be formed from the first member 1 to the second member 2.

  Here, as high energy beam welding, for example, electron beam welding or laser welding can be applied. In the case of laser welding, for example, laser may be irradiated in a defocused state. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of a porosity and a crack can be reduced.

  In laser welding, a laser beam can be irradiated in a spiral shape, a spiral shape, a circular shape, or a concentric circle shape on a planned welding location. The “circular shape” here includes not only a perfect circle shape but also a substantially circular shape or an elliptical shape. When welding is performed while moving the irradiation position of the laser beam in this way, the temperature gradient in the welded portion can be reduced, so that the amount of solidification shrinkage can be reduced and the occurrence of cracks can be further reduced. In this case, the welding direction may be either clockwise or counterclockwise, and the welding start position may be either inside or outside.

  Further, in the case of laser welding, remote welding can be applied. The remote welding method is a method of welding using a condensing optical system having a long focal length, and includes a mirror scanning method and a robot scanning method. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an outline of a remote welding method by the mirror scanning method. As shown in FIG. 8, in the mirror scanning method, the laser light L emitted from the laser oscillator 40 is introduced into the laser processing head 50 via the optical fiber cable 41.

  The optical system of the laser processing head 50 includes, for example, a concave lens 51, a condensing lens 52, and a mirror 53. The introduced laser light L is magnified by the concave lens 51 and condensed by the condensing lens 52. After that, the light is reflected by the mirror 53 and irradiated to the planned welding location. In this mirror scanning method, the laser irradiation position can be changed by adjusting the direction of the mirror 53, so that laser irradiation can be performed at high speed.

  The manufacturing method of the joined body of this embodiment can further improve a welding speed by applying the remote welding mentioned above. In the case of remote welding, the laser beam can be irradiated to the filler material or the welding member in a defocused state, and can also be irradiated in a spiral shape, a spiral shape, a circular shape or a concentric shape.

  In the method for manufacturing a joined body according to the present embodiment, since the filler metal is disposed at the welding position, the welding defect can be achieved without supplying the filler wire at the time of welding or controlling the cooling rate of the molten metal part. Can be prevented. Moreover, it becomes possible to perform high energy beam welding at high speed by using a method capable of irradiating a high energy beam at high speed such as remote welding.

  Furthermore, since the concave portion is provided at the welding position and the filler metal is disposed in the concave portion, the filler material can be stably and accurately arranged at the welding position. And since the manufacturing method of the conjugate | zygote of this embodiment can use the recessed part 4 in which the melt material 3 or the melt material 3 is arrange | positioned as a target pointer, the setting of the beam irradiation position performed at the time of a welding start is easy. become.

(First modification of the first embodiment)
Next, the manufacturing method of the joined body which concerns on the 1st modification of the 1st Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing a joined body according to this modification. In the manufacturing method of the joined body of the first embodiment described above, the lap joint is formed after the filler material 3 is disposed in the concave portion 4 of the first member 1 or the second member 2. It is not limited to this, As shown in FIG. 7, you may perform a filler material arrangement | positioning process (step S13) after a lap joint formation process (step S12).

  The manufacturing method of the joined body of this modification is effective when forming the lap joint of a structure as shown to FIG. 5B. And in the manufacturing method of the joined body of this modification, since the filler metal is arranged at the welding position, it is possible to increase the welding speed without complicating the apparatus. Since the filler material is disposed in the concave portion of the one member or the second member, the filler material can be stably and accurately disposed.

(Second modification of the first embodiment)
Next, a method for manufacturing a joined body according to a second modification of the first embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of a lap joint formed by the method for manufacturing a joined body according to this modification. In the manufacturing method of the joined body of this modification, in addition to each process mentioned above, the process of shape | molding any one or both of a 1st member and a 2nd member to a predetermined shape is performed.

  This forming step may be performed before the concave portion forming step or after the concave portion forming step. Or you may form a recessed part simultaneously, when forming a 1st member and a 2nd member in a predetermined shape simultaneously with a formation process and a recessed part formation process. Thereby, a manufacturing process can be simplified. Also in the manufacturing method of the joined body of this modified example, as shown in FIG. 10, after placing the filler material 3 in at least one of the concave portions 4 of the first member 21 and the second member 21, a lap joint is formed. , Do the welding.

  The configuration and effects other than those described above in the present modification are the same as those in the first embodiment described above. Moreover, in the manufacturing method of the joined body of 1st Embodiment mentioned above and its modification, before arrange | positioning the filler material 3, or before the welding after arrangement | positioning of the filler material 3, the 1st member 1 and the 2nd member. A flux can be applied to one or both of the above. At that time, the method of applying the flux is not particularly limited, and a generally used method such as spraying or brushing can be applied.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a member to be bonded according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The member to be joined according to this embodiment is used for high energy beam welding, and a concave portion is formed at a welding position in the first member made of a metal material, and one or two or more pieces are formed in the concave portion. Filler material is arranged. The component composition of the filler material is not particularly limited, and can be set as appropriate according to the material of the member to be welded, and may be filled with a flux.

  In the member to be joined according to the present embodiment, the second member may be overlapped with at least a part of the first member to form a lap joint. In this case, the 1st member and the 2nd member may be formed with the same kind of metal material, and may be formed with a different kind of metal material. Moreover, when the 1st member and the 2nd member are formed with the same kind of metal material, these may be a metal material of the same composition, and they may be the same kind, but a metal material with a different composition. Furthermore, one or both of the first member and the second member may be formed into various shapes.

  As described in detail above, since the member to be joined according to the present embodiment has the filler material arranged at the welding position, there is no need to provide a wire supply mechanism or a device for controlling the cooling rate of the molten metal part. The occurrence of welding defects can be prevented.

  In addition, since the member to be joined according to the present embodiment does not require a wire supply mechanism or a cooling rate control of the molten metal portion, for example, a technique capable of irradiating a high energy beam at a high speed such as remote welding is used. This makes it possible to perform high-energy beam welding at high speed. Furthermore, since the member to be joined according to the present embodiment functions as a target pointer with the filler material or the concave portion in which the filler material is arranged, it is easier to set the beam irradiation position at the start of welding compared to the conventional product. .

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 21 1st member 2, 22 2nd member 3, 3a-3f Filler material 4 Concave part 5 Beam 6 Molten metal 7 Weld metal 8 Flux 40 Laser oscillator 41 Optical fiber cable 50 Laser processing head 51 Concave lens 52 Condensing lens 53 Mirror L Laser light

Claims (8)

Forming an embossed recess at a welding position of at least one of a first member made of a metal material and a second member made of the same or different metal material as the first member;
Disposing a filler material in at least one recess of the first member and the second member;
Before the step of arranging the filler material or after the step of arranging the filler material, a step of overlapping the first member and the second member and sandwiching the filler material to form a lap joint; ,
Irradiating the first member, the second member, and the filler material with a high energy beam from the first member side or the second member side with a recess where the filler material is disposed as an irradiation position , Melting the first member, the second member, and the filler material so that the concave portion becomes a molten metal, and welding the first member and the second member ;
The manufacturing method of the conjugate | zygote which has this.   The manufacturing method of the joined body of Claim 1 which has the process of shape | molding any one or both of a said 1st member and a said 2nd member in a predetermined shape.   The manufacturing method of the joined body of Claim 2 which forms the said recessed part in at least one among the said 1st member and the said 2nd member before the said process to shape | mold, or after the said process to shape | mold.   The method for manufacturing a joined body according to claim 2, wherein in the molding step, the recess is formed in at least one of the first member and the second member.   The method for manufacturing a joined body according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the high energy beam welding is electron beam welding or laser welding.   The method of manufacturing a joined body according to claim 5, wherein the high energy beam welding is laser welding and the laser is irradiated in a defocused state.   The method for manufacturing a joined body according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the high energy beam welding is laser welding and remote welding is performed.   The said high energy beam welding is a laser welding, The manufacturing method of the conjugate | zygote of any one of Claims 5-7 which irradiates a laser beam helically, spirally, circularly, or concentrically.

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