JP6409026B2 - Cyclone combustion equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cyclone combustion apparatus for introducing a combustible gasified product and combustion air into an internal space of a cylindrical combustion chamber from a tangential direction.

  As a conventional cyclone combustion apparatus, for example, a primary combustion zone and a secondary combustion zone are configured, and a means for cooling at least a part of the primary combustion zone and the secondary combustion zone is provided on the front wall of the combustion chamber. A primary orifice wall fixed to the combustion chamber side wall, the primary orifice wall having at least one combustion chamber side wall fixed and a primary orifice disposed between the primary combustion zone and the secondary combustion zone. A primary orifice wall having means for cooling the orifice wall; a secondary orifice wall having a secondary orifice fixed to the combustion chamber side wall at the discharge end of the secondary combustion zone; and fuel and primary combustion air Primary tangential injection means for injecting tangentially into the primary combustion zone, and for injecting secondary combustion air tangentially into the secondary combustion zone And a following tangential injection means, an apparatus for performing a cyclone combustion (see Patent Document 1) has been proposed.

  The above-described conventional apparatus aims to perform cyclone combustion with ultra-low pollution emission and high efficiency by injecting a fuel / primary combustion air mixture tangentially into the reduction primary combustion zone of the cyclone combustor. However, the target fuel is homogeneous and stable such as natural gas, and non-homogeneous fuel such as combustible gasified product generated from solid fuel is burned with higher combustion efficiency. It is not a premise.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-272818 (first page)

The problem to be solved with respect to the cyclone combustion apparatus is that, in the above-mentioned conventional apparatus, the target fuel is homogeneous and stable like natural gas, and like a combustible gasified product generated from solid fuel. It is difficult to burn non-homogeneous fuel with higher combustion efficiency.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a cyclone combustion apparatus that can burn non-homogeneous fuel such as combustible gasified product generated from solid fuel with higher combustion efficiency.

The present invention has the following configuration in order to achieve the above object.
According to one aspect of the cyclone combustion apparatus according to the present invention, a cylindrical main body wall portion installed in a standing state so as to form a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber, a combustible gasified product, and combustion air, A cyclone inlet for introducing from a tangential direction into an upper portion of a lower combustion space, which is a lower inner space partitioned by an intermediate partition wall of the cylindrical combustion chamber, and the lower combustion of the cylindrical combustion chamber A central cylinder arranged in a standing state so as to communicate between the space and the upper combustion space partitioned inward by the intermediate partition wall, and the combustion fluid combusted from the lower part of the upper combustion space is exhausted An exhaust port of a cylindrical combustion chamber.

  Further, according to one embodiment of the cyclone combustion apparatus according to the present invention, it extends upward from the bottom portion closing the lower end of the cylindrical combustion chamber at the center of the cylindrical combustion chamber so as to face the lower inside of the central cylinder. It is possible to provide a core rod-shaped air introduction pipe provided so that combustion air can be introduced.

  Moreover, according to one aspect of the cyclone combustion apparatus according to the present invention, the core rod-like air introduction pipe is provided with a number of air holes for discharging combustion air on a peripheral wall. .

  Further, according to one embodiment of the cyclone combustion apparatus according to the present invention, the rise of the combustion fluid is blocked between the top portion closing the upper end of the cylindrical combustion chamber and the upper end opening of the central cylinder. A restricting plate part for restricting to the air is provided, and an air inlet for introducing combustion air from the top part is provided.

  Moreover, according to one form of the cyclone combustion apparatus which concerns on this invention, the said combustible gasification thing can be produced | generated by burning solid fuel in the combustion chamber of the front | former stage.

  Moreover, according to one form of the cyclone combustion apparatus which concerns on this invention, the cylinder provided concentrically with the said cylindrical main body wall part and including this cylindrical main body wall part, and providing a heat exchange space And a warm air ventilation section for sending the air heated in the heat exchange space to the preceding combustion chamber.

  The cyclone combustion apparatus according to the present invention has a particularly advantageous effect that non-homogeneous fuel such as combustible gasified product generated from solid fuel can be combusted with higher combustion efficiency.

It is system explanatory drawing explaining the example of a combustion system containing the cyclone combustion apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a functional diagram explaining the example of the form of the cyclone combustion apparatus which concerns on this invention.

  Hereinafter, an example of a cyclone combustion apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings (FIGS. 1 and 2). This cyclone combustion apparatus introduces combustible gasification products and combustion air into the internal space of a cylindrical combustion chamber from the tangential direction.

  Reference numeral 11 denotes a cylindrical main body wall portion, which is provided so as to stand upright so as to form a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber 10. In addition, about the cylindrical main body wall part 11 of this form example, it is provided in the cylindrical shape of the same diameter about the upper and lower whole length, and has become the form with which the top part 16 and the bottom part were obstruct | occluded.

  Reference numeral 15 denotes a cyclone inlet, and the combustible gasified product and the combustion air are moved to the upper part of the lower combustion space 14 which is a lower internal space partitioned by the intermediate partition wall 13 of the cylindrical combustion chamber 10. It is provided so as to be introduced from the tangential direction (see FIG. 2).

  Reference numeral 20 denotes a central cylinder, which is arranged in a state of standing up in the center so as to communicate between the lower combustion space 14 of the cylindrical combustion chamber 10 and the upper combustion space 12 partitioned inward by the intermediate partition wall 13. Yes. The intermediate partition wall 13 of the present embodiment is configured by a concentric donut-shaped ring plate, and is provided in a state in which the central cylinder 20 is inserted and fixed in the central opening hole portion of the intermediate partition wall 13. . The center tube 20 has an effect of raising the combustion fluid upward and generating a strong air flow by the so-called rocket stove principle to improve the combustion efficiency.

  Reference numeral 18 denotes an exhaust port of the cylindrical combustion chamber, which is provided so as to exhaust the combustion fluid combusted from the lower part of the upper combustion space 12. Thus, according to the form in which the center tube 20 and the exhaust port 18 of the cylindrical combustion chamber are arranged, the combustion fluid that has risen to the upper combustion space 12 through the center tube 20 is the upper portion of the upper combustion space 12. Then, the flow is reversed and descends, and the turbulent flow causes a stirring state. This promotes combustion and has the effect of improving combustion efficiency.

  According to the cyclone combustion apparatus according to the present invention having the above-described configuration, the combustible gasification product and the combustion air are vigorously mixed by the vortex generated by the cyclone effect and the vortex generated by the rapid change in the flow direction. The combustible gasified product can be stably burned with high combustion efficiency. In other words, a non-homogeneous fuel such as a combustible gasified product generated from a solid fuel has a particularly advantageous effect that it can be burned with higher combustion efficiency. Therefore, generation of harmful gases such as flue gas can be prevented and extremely clean combustion can be realized.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the cylinder-shaped combustion chamber 10 is extended upward from the bottom 17 that closes the lower end of the cylinder-shaped combustion chamber 10 so as to face the lower inner side of the center tube 20 for fresh combustion. A core rod-shaped air introduction tube 30 is provided so that air can be introduced. According to this, the vortex generated by the cyclone effect is formed stably and in a balanced manner around the core rod-shaped air introduction tube 30, and higher efficiency combustion can be continued stably.

  Further, the core rod-shaped air introduction tube 30 of the present embodiment is provided with a number of air holes 31 for discharging fresh combustion air to the peripheral wall. According to this, the effect that the vortex generated by the cyclone effect is formed stably and in a balanced manner around the core rod-like air introduction pipe 30 can be further enhanced, and the combustion air can be effectively dispersed. Therefore, combustion with higher efficiency can be realized.

  Further, in the present embodiment, a restricting plate portion 40 that restricts the rising of the combustion fluid is provided between the top portion 16 that closes the upper end of the cylindrical combustion chamber 10 and the upper end opening 21 of the center tube 20. An air inlet 41 is provided for introducing combustion air from the top 16.

  According to the configuration of the present embodiment, the fresh combustion air introduced from the air introduction port 41 opened in the central portion of the top portion 16 is formed in a disk shape and horizontally arranged by the restriction plate portion 40. When heated, the flow is bent and flows downward from the periphery of the regulating plate portion 40, and flows into the upper combustion space 12 of the cylindrical combustion chamber 10 from the upper part toward the lower part. Since this fresh combustion air has a lower temperature than the combustion fluid, it promotes the downward flow and acts to suppress the rise of the combustion fluid. According to this, vigorous stirring is performed at a portion where the fresh combustion air and the combustion fluid merge, and combustion with higher efficiency can be generated.

  The combustible gasified product of this embodiment is generated by burning solid fuel in the preceding combustion chamber 50. The preceding combustion chamber 50 of the present embodiment is a dedicated machine (the main fire chamber (see FIG. 1)) that burns bio-coke (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “BK”). As an example of solid fuel, bio-coke is suitable as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and wood-based solid fuel having a lower energy density than bio-coke such as straw and wood pellets can be suitably used.

  Further, in this embodiment, the cylindrical outer wall 19 provided concentrically with the cylindrical main body wall portion 11 so as to enclose the cylindrical main body wall portion 11 and form the heat exchange space 52, and its heat An outside air introduction means 51 for introducing outside air into the exchange space 52 and a warm air vent 53 for sending the air warmed in the heat exchange space 52 to the preceding combustion chamber 50 are provided. According to this, since the freshly heated combustion air can be sent to the preceding combustion chamber 50, combustion in the preceding combustion chamber 50 can be favorably promoted.

Details of an example of the combustion state of combustible gasification based on solid fuel by the cyclone combustion apparatus of the present embodiment having the above-described configuration will be described below with reference to FIGS.
In the lower left of FIG. 1, in the main fire chamber (front combustion chamber 50), combustion air is supplied up to the third order, but bio coke containing a large amount of volatile parts (mainly combustible gas) is the main fire chamber. Even when flowing into the C1 (cyclone combustion device) as a high-temperature fluid gas from the (front-stage combustion chamber 50), it is likely to contain unburned substances. Therefore, when it flows into the cyclone combustion apparatus C1, it enters the turning field (a) and burns while rotating while being mixed with air supplied from V1 (first combustion air supply unit). Therefore, this turning field (a) becomes a combustion chamber. Thereby, quaternary combustion is performed.

  Further, when passing through (b) of the central cylinder 20 of C1, the second combustion air supply part V2 is provided and provided from the core rod-shaped air introduction pipe 30 rising from the bottom part 17 of the cyclone combustion apparatus C1. It is mixed with combustion air, and quintic combustion is enabled in part (b). The center tube 20 having (b) exerts a heat riser effect.

  Then, the combustion gas exiting the central cylinder (b) descends in the gap space C with the cylindrical main body wall 11. Since this descent is performed against the upward tendency, it becomes a turbulent flow. Combustion air supplied from the third combustion air supply unit V3 is mixed with the turbulent flow, and effective sixth combustion is performed and flows out to C2 (dust collector).

  Note that, in the main fire chamber (the preceding combustion chamber 50) of this embodiment, combustion air is supplied up to the third order. Since the combustion air can be sufficiently supplied in this way, even when the BK contains a silicic acid component, it is difficult for clinker to be generated in the fire bed, and the cyclone combustion apparatus C1 is suitably converted into a combustible gasified product. Can send. According to this, complete combustion can be promoted and emission of pollutants can be extremely reduced.

  Next, in the dust collector C2, the cyclone dust collector 70 provides a function with the center of gravity in the dust collection function as compared with the cyclone combustion device C1, but also has a fifth combustion air supply V5, and C2 It is mixed with combustion air from the air supply pipe 72 raised from the bottom, and final combustion is performed in the space (d) in the central cylinder 71 of C2. Since the temperature of the exhaust gas here is as low as around 300 ° C., combustion (oxidation) using Pt (platinum) which is an oxidation catalyst is executed in the catalyst unit 73. According to this, almost complete combustion is achieved, and in this embodiment, bio-coke can be made almost smokeless.

By the way, ordinary bio-coke is violently pyrolyzed in the range of 250 ° C to 400 ° C and generates a large amount of combustible gas. At the same time, these are a large amount of unburned substances (smoke, soot, tar, bad odor). And then leak.
On the other hand, in the BK exclusive firing machine (front combustion device 60) of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, when a large amount of combustible gas is generated by the device in the main fire chamber (front combustion chamber 50), as shown in FIG. However, it can provide sufficient combustion air that can be handled (from primary to tertiary), can suppress smoke generation, and at the same time, by adjusting the combustion temperature from 850 ° C to 1000 ° C, tar and dioxins can also be decomposed. , Almost smokeless combustion is possible.

Further, the present embodiment has a function capable of suppressing slagging and fouling derived from molten ash by adjusting the combustion temperature range.
The combustion temperature in the main fire chamber of this BK exclusive firing machine is adjusted to the range of 850 ° C to 1000 ° C, and maintains the combustion state of 1170 ° C or less where BK molten ash with a large amount of SiO ₂ component is generated, and generation of molten ash Can be suppressed. In the case of K _{2 O} component-rich BK, it holds the following combustion 850 ° C., can suppress the occurrence of molten ash.

  Further, the combustion fluid containing the molten ash that may be generated in a small amount is temporarily cooled by air by mixing the combustion air supplied by V1 and V2 and V3 of C1 with the high-temperature combustion gas fluid. Since it is sent out in the form of spherical molten ash while floating, it can be prevented that it condenses after adhering to the inner wall of the cylindrical cyclone, and slugging and fouling can be suppressed in a reduced manner.

Further, exhaust gas can be discharged into the house (indoor) by completely burning unburned gas with a Pt catalyst and collecting the unburned gas with a HEPA filter (dust removal filter 74). That is, as shown in FIG. 2, even for unburned substances and combustible gases that may be present slightly, the air supply pipe 72 that has V5 and rises from the bottom of C2 as described above. Combustion air provided and a combustion equipment portion using Pt as a catalyst enable combustion at a relatively low temperature, thereby allowing the space (d) portion to function as a final combustion chamber. Then, fine smoke particles are removed by a HEPA filter, and the discarded gas can be released as a colorless and odorless CO ₂ -containing gas into an agricultural house or the like. At this time, the amount of heat contained can also be used, and for example, it can be used for growing agricultural products. The blower 75 is connected to the exhaust side, and can suck and exhaust the exhaust smoothly.

  Further, in this embodiment, the entire upper and lower sides of the cylindrical main body wall portion 11 are formed in a cylindrical shape having the same diameter. However, the present invention is not limited to this, for example, in the same manner as a normal cyclone device. It is also possible to make the lower side of the lower combustion space 14 into a hopper shape. According to this, the eddy current by a cyclone effect can be stabilized, combustion efficiency can be improved and dust collection performance can be improved.

  As described above, the present invention has been described in various ways with preferred embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. That is.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Cylindrical combustion chamber 11 Cylindrical main body wall part 12 Upper combustion space 13 Middle partition 14 Lower combustion space 15 Cyclone introduction port 16 Top part 17 Bottom part 18 Exhaust port of a cylindrical combustion chamber 19 Cylindrical outer wall 20 Central cylinder 21 Upper end opening 30 core rod-shaped air introduction pipe 31 air hole 40 restricting plate part 41 air introduction port 50 preceding combustion chamber 51 outside air introduction means (V4)
52 Heat Exchange Space 53 Warm Air Ventilation Unit 60 Pre-stage Combustion Device 70 Cyclone Dust Collector 71 Center Tube 72 Air Supply Pipe 73 Catalyst Unit 74 Dust Filter 75 Blower C1 Cyclone Combustion Device C2 Dust Collection Device

Claims (6)

A cylindrical main body wall installed in a standing state so as to form a vertical cylindrical combustion chamber;
A cyclone inlet for introducing the combustible gasified product and the combustion air from the tangential direction into the upper part of the lower combustion space, which is the lower internal space partitioned by the intermediate partition wall of the cylindrical combustion chamber;
A central cylinder arranged in a state of standing up in the center so as to communicate between the lower combustion space of the cylindrical combustion chamber and the upper combustion space partitioned inward by the intermediate partition;
A cyclone combustion apparatus comprising: a cylindrical combustion chamber exhaust port for exhausting combustion fluid combusted from a lower portion of the upper combustion space.   A core rod shape that extends upward from the bottom that closes the lower end of the cylindrical combustion chamber toward the inside of the lower side of the central cylinder so that combustion air can be introduced at the center of the cylindrical combustion chamber The cyclone combustion apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an air introduction pipe.   The cyclone combustion apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the core rod-shaped air introduction pipe is provided with a plurality of air holes for discharging combustion air on a peripheral wall.   A restriction plate for restricting the combustion fluid from rising is provided between a top portion for closing the upper end of the cylindrical combustion chamber and an upper end opening of the center tube, and the restriction plate portion is provided for combustion from the top portion. The cyclone combustion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an air inlet for introducing air.   The cyclone combustion apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the combustible gasification product is generated by burning solid fuel in a preceding combustion chamber.   A cylindrical outer wall that is provided concentrically with the cylindrical main body wall and is provided so as to enclose the cylindrical main body wall to form a heat exchange space, and an outside air introducing means for introducing outside air into the heat exchange space The cyclone combustion apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising: a warm air ventilation section that sends air warmed in the heat exchange space to the preceding combustion chamber.