JP6417852B2 - Surplus power integration system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a surplus power integration system capable of causing each surplus power of a plurality of grid interconnection devices to flow backward to a distribution network.

  As an example of the invention that attempts to effectively use the power generated by the power generation device, the inventions described in Patent Documents 1 to 5 can be cited. The power and hot water supply and demand system using the cogeneration device described in Patent Document 1 connects the cogeneration device and the load device via a communication network, and performs information exchange regarding the power and hot water supply and demand. The invention described in Patent Document 1 adjusts the imbalance between the generated power and hot water generation amount of the cogeneration device and the power consumption and hot water usage amount of the load device, thereby effectively using energy and reducing the energy cost. We are trying to reduce it.

  A server for a distributed power generation management system described in Patent Literature 2 includes an information management unit and a storage unit. The information management unit is owned by at least one of the owner of the distributed generation facility, the power manager of the distributed generation facility, and the contractor acting on behalf of the payment operation related to the power of the owner of the distributed generation facility. From the information terminal, the power information of the distributed generation facility transmitted via the network is received. The storage unit accumulates the received power information and value information used for determining the power value. In addition, the information management unit uses self-consumed power out of the power generated by the distributed power generation facility using power information and value information including at least information on the total power generation amount and self-power consumption of the distributed power generation facility. Calculate the power value of power consumption. Thus, the invention described in Patent Document 2 attempts to appropriately evaluate the value of the generated power generated by the distributed power generation facility.

  The control device described in Patent Literature 3 includes an available function search unit and a notification unit. The usable function search unit calculates the surplus power value by subtracting the device group used power value, which is the power value used by multiple devices, from the generated power value, and can use the device that can be operated with the surplus power value. The information of is output. In addition, the notification unit notifies the information on the usable function output by the usable function search unit. Thus, the invention described in Patent Document 3 tries to notify the user of functions that can be used within the range of surplus power.

  The energy management device described in Patent Literature 4 includes a communication unit and a control unit. The communication unit acquires the generated power value of the distributed power source that supplies power that can be sold and the sold power value to the system. The control unit corrects the other power value based on one of the generated power value and the sold power value. Thus, the invention described in Patent Document 4 tries to present highly reliable power information.

  The distributed power supply system described in Patent Document 5 includes a control switching determination unit and a control switching execution unit. The control switching determination unit determines whether to switch from the reverse flow prohibition control to the reverse flow permission control based on information indicating that the reverse flow received from the power supply source via the communication device is allowed. The control switching execution unit executes the reverse flow permission control by switching from the reverse flow prohibition control to the reverse flow permission control when the control switching determination unit determines to switch. As a result, the invention described in Patent Document 5 is based on the assumption that the power supply source manages whether or not the reverse power flow is caused when a disaster or the like occurs and the reverse power flow occurs. It is trying to reverse the surplus power to the power system.

JP 2005-78977 A Japanese Patent No. 5379948 JP 2012-235570 A JP 2014-39362 A JP 2013-188087 A

  In the solar power generation device and the wind power generation device, it is permitted to make surplus power flow backward to the distribution line network. On the other hand, in power generation devices using fossil fuels such as fuel cell power generation devices and gas engine power generation devices, it is prohibited to reversely flow surplus power to the distribution network.

  However, even in a power generation device using fossil fuel, there is a possibility that surplus power is allowed to flow backward to the distribution network. At this time, if the surplus power from a plurality of power generation devices can be immediately reverse-flowed to the distribution network, the surplus power of each power generation device can be effectively utilized. In the invention described in Patent Document 5, the prohibition of reverse power flow is canceled individually between the power supply source and the consumer. In other words, in the invention described in Patent Document 5, the integrated device that integrates the surplus power of the plurality of power generation devices does not release the prohibition of reverse power flow on the grid interconnection device of each consumer.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a grid interconnection in which a plurality of grid interconnection devices including a power generation device that generates power using fossil fuel is connected via a distribution line network of a grid power supply. Surplus power that can switch drive control from reverse power flow prohibition control that prohibits reverse power flow to the power distribution network to reverse power flow permission control that permits reverse power to flow back to the power distribution network in the device group The issue is to provide an integrated system.

The surplus power integration system according to the present invention is provided between a power generation device that generates power using fossil fuel, and the power generation device and a distribution board of a system power supply, and outputs power output from the power generation device to the system. A dispersion comprising: a power converter that converts AC power equivalent to AC power of a power source and outputs the power to a load fed from the distribution board; and a control device that controls driving of the power generator and the power converter. A plurality of grid interconnection devices connected via a distribution network of the grid power supply and a grid interconnection device group of the grid power supply, and connected to each grid interconnection device of the grid interconnection device group in a communicable manner, An integrated device that integrates surplus power of the grid interconnection device, and each grid interconnection device calculates the surplus power by subtracting power consumption consumed by the load from output power of the power converter. and the surplus power calculation unit for, a wired or Communicating with the integrated system via a communication line of a line, a communication unit to be transmitted to the integrated device to generate excess power information including the surplus power calculated by the surplus power calculator, the surplus power From the reverse power flow prohibition control for prohibiting the reverse power flow to the distribution line network to the reverse power flow permission control for permitting the surplus power to flow backward to the distribution line network A drive control switching unit that switches control, and the integrated device is configured to control the surplus power of each grid interconnection device based on the surplus power information transmitted from the communication unit of each grid interconnection device. A power sale power calculation unit that calculates power sale power that is additional power and can be supplied from the plurality of grid interconnection devices; and the power sale power calculated by the power sale power calculation unit A bid unit to bid Sell, the surplus power when allowed to be backward flow to the power distribution grid, shifts to the backward flow approval controlled to release the backward flow prohibiting control of each of the grid interconnection device A reverse power flow permission unit that generates a reverse power flow prohibition release command, and the drive control switching unit of each grid interconnection device receives the reverse power flow prohibition cancel command generated by the reverse power flow permission unit as the communication unit. Is received, the drive control is switched from the reverse flow prohibition control to the reverse flow permission control.

According to the surplus power integration system according to the present invention, the drive control switching unit of each grid interconnection device reverses when the communication unit receives the reverse power flow prohibition release command generated by the reverse power flow permission unit of the integrated device. The drive control is switched from the power flow prohibition control to the reverse power flow permission control. Therefore, the surplus power integration system according to the present invention performs drive control of each grid interconnection device of the grid interconnection device group from reverse flow prohibition control to reverse power flow permission control in accordance with reception of the reverse flow prohibition release command from the integration device. It is possible to switch, and it is easy to switch drive control. Moreover, according to the surplus power integrated system which concerns on this invention, each grid connection apparatus is provided with the surplus power calculation part. The integrated device also includes a power sale power calculation unit and a bidding unit. Thereby, the surplus power integration system according to the present invention can collect surplus power of a plurality of grid interconnection devices constituting the grid interconnection device group, and sells bids based on the surplus power of one grid interconnection device. Compared to the case of doing so, it is possible to increase the amount of bids (amount of electricity sold). Therefore, when a bid part sells and bids in the electric power market, it is possible to ensure competitiveness against competitors who bid in the electric power market, and to sell and bid on more advantageous conditions.

1 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of a surplus power integration system 1. FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of a grid interconnection device 7. FIG. It is a block diagram which shows an example when a gas engine power generator is used as the power generator. 2 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of a DC / DC converter 41. FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of an inverter 42. FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of a control device 5, an additional device 6, and an integration device 8. FIG. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the control block of the surplus electric power integration system. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a control procedure of the grid interconnection device 7. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a control procedure of the integration device 8. 2 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of an exhaust heat recovery system 26. FIG.

Hereinafter, the surplus power integration system 1 of the present embodiment will be described.
<Configuration of surplus power integration system 1>
As shown in FIG. 1, the surplus power integration system 1 of the present embodiment includes a grid interconnection device group 7G and an integration device 8. In the grid interconnection device group 7 </ b> G, a plurality of grid interconnection devices 7 of distributed power sources are connected via a distribution network 3 </ b> N of the grid power supply 3. The integration device 8 is communicably connected to each grid interconnection device 7 of the grid interconnection device group 7G, and integrates surplus power of each grid interconnection device 7. As shown in FIG. 2, the grid interconnection device 7 includes a power generation device 2, a power converter 4, a control device 5, an additional device 6, and a disconnecting relay SW1. In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, transmission / reception of input / output signals (including drive signals) and communication signals are indicated by dashed arrows.

(Power generation device 2)
The power generation device 2 generates power using fossil fuel. As the power generation device 2, for example, a fuel cell power generation device or a gas engine power generation device can be used. FIG. 2 shows a configuration example of the power generation device 2 when a fuel cell power generation device is used as the power generation device 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the power generation device 2 includes a fuel cell module 21 including a fuel cell stack 21c, a reforming raw material pump 21f, a reforming water pump 21g, a cathode air blower 21h, and a heat exchanger 22. And a water tank 23. The fuel cell stack 21c generates power with fuel and oxidant gas and outputs DC power. In the present embodiment, a cogeneration system that uses exhaust heat generated by power generation of the fuel cell stack 21c is configured. The cogeneration system includes a grid interconnection device 7 that is a power generation unit and a hot water tank 24.

  The fuel cell module 21 includes an evaporation unit 21a, a reforming unit 21b, and a fuel cell stack 21c, which are housed in a sealed casing 21d. In the casing 21d, a combustion part 21e is formed between the evaporation part 21a and the reforming part 21b and the fuel cell stack 21c. The fuel cell module 21 can be supplied with a reforming raw material, reformed water, and cathode air (also referred to as an oxidant gas; in this embodiment, air is used). Specifically, the reforming material is supplied to the evaporation section 21a of the fuel cell module 21 by the reforming material pump 21f. The reformed water is supplied from the water tank 23 to the evaporation section 21a of the fuel cell module 21 by the reformed water pump 21g. Air (cathode air) is supplied to the fuel cell stack 21c of the fuel cell module 21 by the cathode air blower 21h.

  The heat exchanger 22 is supplied with the combustion exhaust gas exhausted from the fuel cell module 21 of the power generation device 2 and is also supplied with hot water from the hot water storage tank 24 to exchange heat between the combustion exhaust gas and the hot water. It is. The hot water tank 24 stores hot water, and the hot water circulates through the heat exchanger 22 and the hot water tank 24. An exhaust pipe 21 i from the fuel cell module 21 is connected (through) to the heat exchanger 22. Further, a condensed water supply pipe 23 a connected to the water tank 23 is connected to the heat exchanger 22.

  The combustion exhaust gas exhausted from the fuel cell module 21 is introduced into the heat exchanger 22 through the exhaust pipe 21i, exchanged with the hot water, condensed and cooled. The condensed combustion exhaust gas is discharged to the outside through the exhaust pipe 21i. Moreover, the condensed condensed water is supplied to the water tank 23 through the condensed water supply pipe 23a. Note that the water tank 23 can purify condensed water with ion exchange resin, for example. In this manner, the heat exchanger 22 and the hot water storage tank 24 constitute an exhaust heat recovery system 26. The exhaust heat recovery system 26 recovers and stores the exhaust heat of the fuel cell module 21 in hot water storage.

  The evaporator 21a is heated by the combustion gas of the fuel cell stack 21c. The evaporating unit 21a evaporates the supplied reforming water to generate water vapor, and preheats the supplied reforming raw material. The evaporating unit 21a mixes the generated water vapor and the preheated reforming raw material and supplies them to the reforming unit 21b. The reforming raw material is a fossil fuel. For example, a reforming gas fuel such as natural gas or LP gas can be used, and a reforming liquid fuel such as kerosene, gasoline, or methanol can also be used.

  The reforming unit 21b is heated by the above-described combustion gas and supplied with heat necessary for the steam reforming reaction. Thus, the reforming unit 21b generates a reformed gas that is a fuel from the steam supplied from the evaporation unit 21a and the mixed gas of the reforming raw material. The reforming section 21b is filled with a catalyst (for example, ruthenium (Ru) or nickel (Ni) -based catalyst), and the mixed gas reacts and is reformed by the catalyst to convert hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and the like. The contained gas is produced (so-called steam reforming reaction).

  These generated gases (so-called reformed gases) are supplied to the fuel cell stack 21c. The reformed gas contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, steam, unreformed natural gas (methane gas), and reformed water (steam) that has not been used for reforming. As described above, the reforming unit 21b generates reformed gas (fuel) from the reforming raw material (raw fuel) and reformed water and supplies the reformed gas (fuel) to the fuel cell stack 21c. The steam reforming reaction is an endothermic reaction.

  As the fuel cell stack 21c, various fuel cells (for example, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)) can be used. The fuel cell stack 21c includes a plurality of fuel cells not shown. Each of the plurality of fuel cells includes a fuel electrode, an air electrode (oxidant electrode), and an electrolyte, and the electrolyte is provided between the fuel electrode and the air electrode. That is, each of the plurality of fuel cells is stacked in the order of the fuel electrode, the electrolyte, and the air electrode. The aforementioned reformed gas, which is a fuel, is supplied to the fuel electrode. On the fuel electrode side of the fuel battery cell, a fuel flow path through which the reformed gas as the fuel flows is formed. An air flow path through which air (cathode air) flows is formed on the air electrode side of the fuel cell. Air (cathode air) is supplied to the air flow path by a cathode air blower 21h.

In each of the plurality of fuel cells, power generation is performed by the fuel supplied to the fuel electrode and the oxidant gas (air) supplied to the air electrode. Specifically, the reaction shown in the following chemical formula 1 and chemical formula 2 below occurs at the fuel electrode, and the reaction shown in chemical formula 3 below occurs at the air electrode. That is, the oxide ions (O ²⁻ ) generated at the air electrode permeate the electrolyte and react with hydrogen at the fuel electrode, thereby generating electric energy.
(Chemical formula 1)
H ₂ + O ²⁻ → H ₂ O + 2e ⁻
(Chemical formula 2)
CO + O ²⁻ → CO ₂ + 2e ⁻
(Chemical formula 3)
1 / 2O ₂ + 2e ⁻ → O ²⁻

  The reformed gas that has not been used for power generation is derived from the fuel flow path, and the oxidant gas (air) that has not been used for power generation is derived from the air flow path. The reformed gas and oxidant gas (air) that have not been used for power generation are combusted in the combustion section 21e. The evaporation part 21a and the reforming part 21b are heated by the combustion gas. The combustion gas heats the inside of the casing 21d to the operating temperature.

  On the other hand, when a gas engine power generator is used as the power generator 2, the power generator 2 includes a gas engine generator 25, a fuel pump 25c, a heat exchanger 22, and a water tank 23, as shown in FIG. ing. The gas engine generator 25 converts thermal energy generated by the combustion of fossil fuel and air into rotational energy (kinetic energy), converts the converted rotational energy (kinetic energy) into electrical energy, and outputs the electrical energy. Even when a gas engine power generator is used as the power generator 2, a cogeneration system can be configured. That is, the cogeneration system can include a hot water storage tank 24 similar to the case of the fuel cell power generator. The heat exchanger 22 and the water tank 23 are the same as in the case of the fuel cell power generation device, and redundant description is omitted. In FIG. 3, the exhaust pipe of the gas engine power generator is shown as an exhaust pipe 25d.

  The gas engine generator 25 includes a combustion unit 25a and a conversion unit 25b. As the combustion unit 25a, for example, an internal combustion engine such as a known gas turbine engine or reciprocating engine or an external combustion engine such as a steam turbine engine can be used. Fuel and air can be supplied to the combustion section 25a. As the fuel, for example, the above-described fossil fuel can be used in the fuel cell power generator, and the fuel is supplied to the combustion unit 25a by the fuel pump 25c. In the combustion unit 25a, fuel and air are combusted, and the generated thermal energy is converted into rotational energy (kinetic energy).

  For example, a known DC generator or AC generator can be used as the conversion unit 25b. In the conversion part 25b, the rotational energy (kinetic energy) output from the combustion part 25a is converted into electrical energy. When a DC generator is used as the conversion unit 25b, the conversion unit 25b outputs DC power, and when an AC generator is used as the conversion unit 25b, the conversion unit 25b outputs AC power. In addition, when using an alternating current generator as the conversion part 25b, it is good to provide rectifiers, such as a diode bridge. Thereby, the conversion part 25b of the electric power generating apparatus 2 can output direct-current power similarly to the case of a fuel cell electric power generating apparatus.

(System power supply 3)
The system power supply 3 is an AC system power supply and is a power supply supplied from a commercial distribution network 3N owned by an electric power company (for example, an electric power company). The system power supply 3 may be single phase or multiphase (for example, three phases). As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a distribution board 31 is provided in the distribution network 3 </ b> N of the system power supply 3. As shown in FIG. 2, an electric circuit L13 passing through the inverter 42, the distribution board 31, and the load 32 is formed, and an electric circuit L14 passing through the system power supply 3, the distribution network 3N, the distribution board 31, and the load 32 is formed. ing. The AC power of the inverter 42 or the system power supply 3 can be supplied to the load 32 by switching the electric circuit L13 and the electric circuit L14.

  The load 32 is a load that uses electricity as a drive source, and examples thereof include household electric appliances (electric appliances and the like) and industrial electric appliances (robots and the like). The load 32 may be one or plural. In FIGS. 1 and 2, the electric circuit L13 and the electric circuit L14 are each schematically shown by a single straight line. Actually, a plurality of electric circuits are provided, and each electric circuit is formed using, for example, a known electric power wire. The same applies to the electric circuit described later.

  A first power detector 3P1 is provided in the electric circuit L13 between the inverter 42 and the distribution board 31. The first power detector 3P1 detects the output power (AC power) of the power converter 4. Further, a second power detector 3P2 is provided in the electric circuit L13 or the electric circuit L14 between the distribution board 31 and the load 32. The second power detector 3P2 detects the power consumption consumed by the load 32.

  A third power detector 3P3 can be provided in the electric circuit L14 on the distribution network 3N side from the distribution board 31. The third power detector 3P3 can also detect the direction of current flowing from the distribution line network 3N toward the load 32 and the direction of current flowing from each grid interconnection device 7 toward the distribution line network 3N. Therefore, the third power detector 3P3 can detect the power (forward power during forward flow) supplied from the system power supply 3 to the load 32, and is reversely flowed from each grid interconnection device 7 to the distribution network 3N. Surplus power (reverse power flow power) can also be detected.

  A known power detector can be used as the first power detector 3P1, the second power detector 3P2, and the third power detector 3P3. Each grid interconnection device 7 can also be provided with various publicly known protective relays. Furthermore, the third power detector 3P3 can also detect the amount of power in the electric circuit L14. In this case, the third power detector 3P3 includes the amount of power supplied from the system power supply 3 to the load 32 (the amount of power during forward power flow) and the amount of surplus power that is reversely flowed from each grid interconnection device 7 to the distribution network 3N. (Electric energy during reverse power flow) can be detected. The forward flow power amount can be used when calculating the purchased power amount purchased from the power supply source of the system power supply 3. The amount of power during reverse power flow can be used when calculating the amount of power sold. In this specification, the control of the grid interconnection device 7 and the integrated device 8 is described for “power” such as surplus power, but the same applies to “power amount” such as surplus power.

(Power converter 4)
The power converter 4 converts the output power output from the power generator 2 into AC power equivalent to the AC power of the system power supply 3 and outputs the AC power to the load 32 fed from the distribution board 31. As shown in FIG. 2, the power converter 4 is provided between the power generation device 2 and the distribution board 31 of the system power supply 3, and includes a DC / DC converter 41 and an inverter 42. The power generation device 2 (the fuel cell stack 21c shown in FIG. 2 or the conversion unit 25b shown in FIG. 3) and the DC / DC converter 41 are electrically connected by an electric circuit L11, and the DC / DC converter 41 and the inverter are connected. 42 is electrically connected by an electric circuit L12.

(DC / DC converter 41)
The DC / DC converter 41 boosts the output power (DC power) output from the power generator 2 and outputs the boosted power to the inverter 42. As shown in FIG. 4, the DC / DC converter 41 includes input terminals 41a and 41b and output terminals 41c and 41d. An electric circuit L411 is formed between the input terminal 41a and the output terminal 41c, and an electric circuit L412 is formed between the input terminal 41b and the output terminal 41d. The DC power output from the power generator 2 is applied to the input side terminals 41a and 41b via the electric circuit L11. The DC power boosted by the DC / DC converter 41 is output from the output side terminals 41c and 41d. The input side terminal 41a and the output side terminal 41c are positive electrodes, and the input side terminal 41b and the output side terminal 41d are negative electrodes.

  The DC / DC converter 41 includes a reactor 41e, a diode 41f, a switching element 41g, and a capacitor 41h. As these elements, known power devices can be used. For example, a known field effect transistor (FET), an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), or the like can be used as the switching element 41g, and a known electrolytic capacitor is used as the capacitor 41h. Can do.

  In the electric circuit L411, a reactor 41e and a diode 41f are provided in order from the input side terminal 41a side. In addition, a connection point 41i is provided in the electric circuit L411 between the reactor 41e and the diode 41f, and the drain 41g1 of the switching element 41g is connected to the connection point 41i. The source 41g2 of the switching element 41g is connected to a connection point 41j provided in the electric circuit L412, and an electric circuit L413 is formed between the connection point 41i and the connection point 41j. Note that the gate 41g3 of the switching element 41g is connected to a control device 5 to be described later via a drive circuit (driver circuit or the like) (not shown).

  In addition, a connection point 41k is provided in the electric circuit L411 between the diode 41f and the output side terminal 41c, and one end side (positive electrode side terminal) of the capacitor 41h is connected to the connection point 41k. The other end side (negative electrode side terminal) of the capacitor 41h is connected to a connection point 41l provided in the electric circuit L412. Note that the DC / DC converter 41 is not limited to the above-described configuration, as long as it can boost DC power output from the power generation device 2.

  The DC / DC converter 41 can be provided with various detectors such as a known voltage detector and current detector. For example, a voltage detector that measures the output voltage of the DC / DC converter 41 (DC voltage between the output side terminals 41c and 41d) can be provided. For example, the voltage detector divides the output voltage of the DC / DC converter 41 by a resistor having a known resistance value, and the output voltage (DC voltage) of the DC / DC converter 41 based on the divided voltage value. Can be calculated.

  The control device 5 can determine the duty ratio of the pulse signal based on the output voltage (DC voltage) of the DC / DC converter 41. The control device 5 gives a pulse signal based on the duty ratio to the gate 41g3 of the switching element 41g via a drive circuit (driver circuit or the like). When the voltage applied to the gate 41g3 of the switching element 41g is at a high level, the drain 41g1 and the source 41g2 of the switching element 41g are in a conductive state, and electromagnetic energy is stored in the reactor 41e.

  When the voltage applied to the gate 41g3 of the switching element 41g is at a low level, the drain 41g1 and the source 41g2 of the switching element 41g are disconnected and the electromagnetic energy stored in the reactor 41e is transferred to the capacitor 41h. When charged, the output voltage (DC voltage) of the DC / DC converter 41 rises. In this way, the control device 5 can control the output voltage (DC voltage) of the DC / DC converter 41 to a desired voltage value. That is, the control device 5 can variably control the output voltage (DC voltage) of the DC / DC converter 41 by, for example, a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) method.

(Inverter 42)
The inverter 42 converts the DC power boosted by the DC / DC converter 41 into AC power equivalent to the AC power of the system power supply 3 and outputs the AC power to the load 32. As shown in FIG. 5, the inverter 42 includes input side terminals 42a and 42b and output side terminals 42c and 42d. The DC voltage output from the DC / DC converter 41 is applied to the input side terminals 42a and 42b via the electric circuit L12, converted into AC power by the inverter 42, and AC power is output from the output side terminals 42c and 42d. Is done.

  The inverter 42 includes a first switching element 42e to a fourth switching element 42h, and the first switching element 42e to the fourth switching element 42h are bridge-connected. As the first switching element 42e to the fourth switching element 42h, similarly to the switching element 41g of the DC / DC converter 41, a known field effect transistor (FET), insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), or the like can be used. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, each of these switching elements is provided with a free-wheeling diode. As the free wheel diode, a body diode (parasitic diode) of a switching element can be used. In addition, the free-wheeling diodes can be provided separately and can be connected in parallel to the switching elements.

  The gates 42e3 to 42h3 of the first switching element 42e to the fourth switching element 42h are connected to the control device 5 via a drive circuit (driver circuit or the like) not shown, and the first switching element 42e to the fourth switching element 42h. The switching element 42h is controlled to open and close based on a drive signal output from the control device 5. For example, when a high level is applied to the gate 42e3 of the first switching element 42e, the drain 42e1 and the source 42e2 of the first switching element 42e become conductive. Further, when a high level is applied to the gate 42h3 of the fourth switching element 42h, the drain 42h1 and the source 42h2 of the fourth switching element 42h are brought into conduction.

  At this time, a low level is applied to the gate 42f3 of the second switching element 42f, and the drain 42f1 and the source 42f2 of the second switching element 42f are disconnected from each other. Further, a low level is applied to the gate 42g3 of the third switching element 42g, so that the drain 42g1 and the source 42g2 of the third switching element 42g are disconnected. In this case, the direct current output from the DC / DC converter 41 includes the input side terminal 42a of the inverter 42, the first switching element 42e, the output side terminal 42c of the inverter 42, the electric circuit L13, the load 32, the electric circuit L13, and the inverter 42. The output flows in the order of the output side terminal 42d, the fourth switching element 42h, and the input side terminal 42b of the inverter 42. The state of the first switching element 42e to the fourth switching element 42h is the first state.

  Next, a low level is applied to the gate 42e3 of the first switching element 42e, and the drain 42e1 and the source 42e2 of the first switching element 42e are disconnected from each other. Further, a low level is applied to the gate 42h3 of the fourth switching element 42h, and the drain 42h1 and the source 42h2 of the fourth switching element 42h are disconnected from each other.

  At this time, a high level is applied to the gate 42f3 of the second switching element 42f, and the drain 42f1 and the source 42f2 of the second switching element 42f become conductive. Further, a high level is applied to the gate 42g3 of the third switching element 42g, and the drain 42g1 and the source 42g2 of the third switching element 42g are brought into conduction. In this case, the direct current output from the DC / DC converter 41 is supplied to the input terminal 42a of the inverter 42, the third switching element 42g, the output terminal 42d of the inverter 42, the electric circuit L13, the load 32, the electric circuit L13, and the inverter 42. The output side terminal 42c, the second switching element 42f, and the input side terminal 42b of the inverter 42 flow in this order. The state of the first switching element 42e to the fourth switching element 42h is the second state.

  The direction of current between the inverter 42 and the load 32 in the second state is opposite to that in the first state. In this way, the inverter 42 sequentially repeats the first state and the second state, thereby converting the DC power input from the input side terminals 42a and 42b of the inverter 42 into AC power, and the output side terminal of the inverter 42. AC power can be output from 42c and 42d. The control device 5 can perform various opening / closing controls. For example, the control device 5 varies the duty ratio by a pulse width modulation (PWM) method, and the conduction time and cutoff of the first switching element 42e to the fourth switching element 42h based on the varied duty ratio. Time can be controlled.

(Control device 5)
The control device 5 performs drive control of the power generation device 2 and the power converter 4. As shown in FIG. 6, the control device 5 includes a known central processing unit 50a, a storage device 50b, an input / output interface 50c, and a communication interface 50d, which are connected via a bus 50e. The control device 5 can perform various arithmetic processes using these, and can exchange input / output signals (including drive signals) and communication signals with external devices. Note that the additional device 6 and the integration device 8 to be described later include the same devices as the control device 5, and thus the devices of the control device 5, the additional device 6, and the integration device 8 are shown together in FIG. 6.

  The central processing unit 50a is a central processing unit (CPU) and can perform various arithmetic processes. The storage device 50b includes a first storage device 50b1 and a second storage device 50b2. The first storage device 50b1 is a volatile storage device (RAM: Random Access Memory) that can be read and written, and the second storage device 50b2 is a read-only nonvolatile storage device (ROM: Read Only Memory). is there. The input / output interface 50c exchanges input / output signals (including drive signals) with external devices. The communication interface 50d exchanges communication signals with external devices.

  For example, the central processing unit 50a reads the drive control program for the DC / DC converter 41 stored in the second storage device 50b2 to the first storage device 50b1, and executes the drive control program. The central processing unit 50a generates a drive signal for the DC / DC converter 41 based on the drive control program. The generated drive signal is applied to the gate 41g3 of the switching element 41g of the DC / DC converter 41 via the input / output interface 50c and the drive circuit (driver circuit or the like). In this way, the DC / DC converter 41 is driven and controlled by the control device 5. The same applies to the inverter 42.

  In this embodiment, the control device 5 includes, in addition to the power converter 4, the power generation device 2 (the reforming material pump 21f, the reforming water pump 21g and the cathode air blower 21h, or the fuel pump 25c). Drive control can be performed. Further, the detection values of the first power detector 3P1 and the second power detector 3P2 are input to the control device 5, and the detection values of a plurality of temperature detectors 24a described later provided in the hot water tank 24 are input. The Further, the control device 5 outputs a control signal (open / close signal) to the disconnecting relay SW1 described later. In addition, the control device 5 can communicate with the additional device 6. Note that the detection value of the third power detector 3P3 can also be input to the control device 5.

(Additional device 6)
The additional device 6 controls the drive control of the power generation device 2 and the power converter 4 from the reverse power flow prohibition control to the reverse power flow permission control when the integrated device 8 permits the reverse power flow to the distribution network 3N. Switch to. As shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, the additional device 6 is provided separately from the control device 5, but the additional device 6 can also be provided in the control device 5. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the addition device 6 includes a known central processing unit 60a, a storage device 60b (first storage device 60b1 and second storage device 60b2), and a communication interface 60d, like the control device 5. These are connected via a bus 60e. The additional device 6 can perform various arithmetic processes using these, and can exchange communication signals with external devices including the control device 5 and the integration device 8. Details of the additional device 6 will be described later.

(System interconnection device 7 and system interconnection device group 7G)
The grid interconnection device 7 interconnects or disconnects the power generation device 2 and the grid power supply 3. As shown in FIG. 2, the grid interconnection device 7 includes a disconnecting relay SW1 on the electric circuit L13. The disconnection relay SW1 is a normally open type switch that links or disconnects the power generation device 2 and the system power supply 3, and the disconnection relay SW1 is controlled to be opened and closed by the control device 5, whereby the load 32 is connected. The power supply is controlled.

  Specifically, until the power generation device 2 starts power generation, the disconnecting relay SW1 is in an open state, and the AC power of the system power supply 3 is supplied to the load 32. When the power generator 2 starts power generation and AC power equivalent to the AC power of the system power supply 3 can be output from the power converter 4, the control device 5 switches the disconnect relay SW1 to the closed state. As a result, the power generation device 2 and the system power supply 3 are interconnected, and the output power of the power converter 4 can be supplied to the load 32.

  When the power consumption consumed by the load 32 is larger than the power generation amount of the power generation device 2, the shortage of power is supplied from the system power supply 3 to the load 32. Further, when the power generation amount of the power generation device 2 is larger than the power consumption consumed by the load 32 and the surplus power is allowed to flow backward to the distribution network 3N, the surplus power of the grid interconnection device 7 is , Supplied to the distribution network 3N of the system power supply 3. Further, for example, when detecting an abnormality in the voltage or frequency output from the power converter 4, the control device 5 switches the disconnect relay SW <b> 1 to an open state. Thereby, the power generator 2 and the system power supply 3 are disconnected.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in the present embodiment, a plurality of grid interconnection devices 7 of distributed power sources are connected via a distribution network 3N of the grid power supply 3, and a grid interconnection device group 7G is configured. . The scale of the grid interconnection device group 7G is not limited. The grid interconnection device group 7G can be composed of, for example, a plurality of grid interconnection devices 7 in one distribution network 3N. In addition, the grid interconnection device group 7G can be configured on a municipal scale, for example.

(Integrated device 8)
The integration device 8 is communicably connected to each grid interconnection device 7 of the grid interconnection device group 7G, and integrates surplus power of each grid interconnection device 7. As shown in FIG. 6, the integration device 8 includes a known central processing unit 80a, a storage device 80b (first storage device 80b1 and second storage device 80b2), and a communication interface 80d, like the control device 5. These are connected via a bus 80e. The integrated device 8 can perform various arithmetic processes using these, and can exchange communication signals with each grid interconnection device 7 and a power market 9 described later.

  Communication between each grid interconnection device 7 and the integration device 8 can be performed via a known wired or wireless communication line. For example, a dedicated line or a public line can be used as the communication line, and a wired or wireless local area network (LAN) is configured between the integrated device 8 and each grid interconnection device 7. can do. Further, the communication between the integrated device 8 and each grid interconnection device 7 can also use power line communication (PLC) using the distribution network 3N of the system power supply 3. The same applies to the communication between the integrated device 8 and the power market 9.

<Control of surplus power integration system 1>
In the surplus power integrated system 1 of the present embodiment, each grid interconnection device 7 switches the drive control from the reverse power flow prohibition control to the reverse power flow permission control when receiving the reverse power flow prohibition release command from the integrated device 8. Hereinafter, the control of the surplus power integration system 1 will be described in detail.

(Control of the control device 5)
As illustrated in FIG. 7, the control device 5 includes a control device communication unit 51 and a drive control unit 52 when viewed as a control block. The control device communication unit 51 transmits and receives various control information and various operation information to and from the communication unit 71 of the additional device 6. The control device communication unit 51 can communicate with the communication unit 71 of the additional device 6 via the communication interfaces 50d and 60d shown in FIG. Communication between the control device communication unit 51 of the control device 5 and the communication unit 71 of the additional device 6 is not limited. In the present embodiment, a wired or wireless local area network (LAN) is configured between the control device communication unit 51 of the control device 5 and the communication unit 71 of the additional device 6. Communication is possible between the device communication unit 51 and the communication unit 71 of the additional device 6.

  The drive control unit 52 performs drive control of the power generation device 2 and the power converter 4. The drive control unit 52 can perform various drive controls. In the present embodiment, the drive control unit 52 performs reverse power flow prohibition control or reverse power flow permission control. The reverse flow prohibition control is a control for prohibiting the surplus power of the grid interconnection device 7 from flowing backward to the distribution network 3N, and includes, for example, load following control. The load following control refers to control for causing the power generation amount of the power generation device 2 (output power of the power converter 4) to follow the power consumption consumed by the load 32. In the load following control, the drive control unit 52 controls the power generation amount of the power generation device 2 (output power of the power converter 4) based on the detection values of the first power detector 3P1 and the second power detector 3P2.

  Specifically, the drive control unit 52 calculates the power generation amount of the power generation device 2 (output power of the power converter 4) based on the detection value of the first power detector 3P1, and the second power detector 3P2 Based on the detected value, the power consumption consumed by the load 32 is calculated. The drive control unit 52 generates the power generation amount of the power generation device 2 (of the power converter 4 so that the power generation amount of the power generation device 2 (output power of the power converter 4) matches the power consumption consumed by the load 32. Output power). Moreover, the drive control part 52 is based on the detected value of the 3rd power detector 3P3, when it is detected that the surplus electric power of the grid connection apparatus 7 flowed backward to the distribution line network 3N, or grid connection When the surplus power of the device 7 is predicted to flow backward to the distribution network 3N, the power generation amount of the power generation device 2 (output power of the power converter 4) may be reduced.

  When a fuel cell power generation device is used as the power generation device 2, the drive control unit 52 controls the supply amount of the reforming material supplied to the evaporation unit 21a by controlling the discharge amount of the reforming material pump 21f. Further, the drive control unit 52 controls the supply amount of the reforming water supplied to the evaporation unit 21a by controlling the discharge amount of the reforming water pump 21g. Further, the drive control unit 52 controls the amount of air (cathode air) supplied to the fuel cell stack 21c by controlling the amount of air blown from the cathode air blower 21h. On the other hand, when a gas engine power generator is used as the power generator 2, the drive control unit 52 controls the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion unit 25a by controlling the discharge amount of the fuel pump 25c. In this way, the drive control unit 52 can control the power generation amount of the power generation device 2.

  The reverse power flow permission control is a control that permits the surplus power of the grid interconnection device 7 to flow backward to the distribution line network 3N, and includes, for example, maximum rated operation control. In the maximum rated operation control, the grid interconnection device 7 is driven and controlled at the maximum rated operation. In the maximum rated operation control, the drive control unit 52 causes the power generation device 2 to generate the maximum power generation amount that can be generated by the power generation device 2. The drive control unit 52 can control the power generation device 2 in the same manner as in the case of reverse power flow prohibition control. In this case, the drive control unit 52 can cause the power generation device 2 to generate a power generation amount that is greater than or equal to the power consumption consumed by the load 32, and can cause surplus power to flow backward to the distribution line network 3N. Note that the reverse power flow permission control is not limited to the maximum rated operation control as long as the power generation device 2 can generate a power generation amount equal to or greater than the power consumption consumed by the load 32.

  The drive control unit 52 can control the duty ratio of the pulse signal applied to the gate 41g3 of the switching element 41g of the DC / DC converter 41 in both cases of the reverse flow prohibition control and the reverse flow permission control. . As a result, the drive control unit 52 can control the output voltage (DC voltage) of the DC / DC converter 41. Moreover, the drive control part 52 can control the duty ratio of the pulse signal given to each of the gates 42e3 to 42h3 of the first switching element 42e to the fourth switching element 42h of the inverter 42. As a result, the drive control unit 52 can control the voltage and frequency of the AC power output from the inverter 42. In this way, the drive control unit 52 can convert the output power output from the power generation device 2 into AC power equivalent to the AC power of the system power supply 3 and output it to the load 32.

(Control of grid interconnection device 7 and integration device 8)
When viewed as a control block, the grid interconnection device 7 includes a communication unit 71, a drive control switching unit 72, a surplus power calculation unit 73, and an exhaust heat recovery amount detection unit 74. In the present embodiment, the communication unit 71, the drive control switching unit 72, the surplus power calculation unit 73, and the exhaust heat recovery amount detection unit 74 are provided in the additional device 6. The communication unit 71, the drive control switching unit 72, the surplus power calculation unit 73, and the exhaust heat recovery amount detection unit 74 can be provided in the control device 5. The communication unit 71 and the drive control switching unit 72 may be provided in the additional device 6, and the surplus power calculation unit 73 and the exhaust heat recovery amount detection unit 74 may be provided in the control device 5.

  In all the grid interconnection devices 7 constituting the grid interconnection device group 7G, the arrangement of the communication unit 71, the drive control switching unit 72, the surplus power calculation unit 73, and the exhaust heat recovery amount detection unit 74 may be the same. . In addition, the arrangement of some of the grid interconnection devices 7 among the plurality of grid interconnection devices 7 constituting the grid interconnection device group 7G may be different from that of the other grid interconnection devices 7. Furthermore, at least one of the plurality of grid interconnection devices 7 constituting the grid interconnection device group 7G includes the communication unit 71 and the drive control switching unit 72 separately from the control device 5, and the control unit 5 is preferably connected to be communicable. In this case, the surplus power integration system 1 can perform reverse power flow permission control via the additional device 6 even for the existing grid interconnection device 7 that cannot perform reverse power flow permission control.

  Each grid interconnection device 7 can execute reverse power flow permission control by executing a control program according to the flowchart shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, the control program is stored in the second storage device 60b2 of the additional device 6, and is read into the first storage device 60b1 when the additional device 6 is activated. The control program is repeatedly executed every predetermined time.

  As shown in FIG. 7, when the integrated device 8 is regarded as a control block, the integrated device communication unit 81, the reverse power flow permission unit 82, the power sale power calculation unit 83, the bid unit 84, the distribution unit 85, and the drive control optimization unit 86 and a reverse power flow prohibition portion 87 are provided. The integrated device 8 can perform integrated control of surplus power of each grid interconnection device 7 by executing a control program according to the flowchart shown in FIG. The control program is stored in the second storage device 80b2 of the integration device 8, and is read out to the first storage device 80b1 when the integration device 8 is activated. The control program is repeatedly executed every predetermined time. Hereinafter, the control of the grid interconnection device 7 and the integration device 8 will be described with reference to the control block shown in FIG. 7 and the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.

  The communication unit 71 of each grid interconnection device 7 communicates with the integrated device 8 via a wired or wireless communication line. The communication unit 71 transmits and receives various control information and various operation information to and from the integrated device communication unit 81 of the integrated device 8. Specifically, the communication unit 71 communicates with the integrated device communication unit 81 of the integrated device 8 via the communication interfaces 60d and 80d illustrated in FIG. As the communication line, the communication line already described in the configuration of the integrated device 8 can be used.

  The reverse power flow permission unit 82 of the integrated device 8 cancels the reverse power flow prohibition control and shifts to the reverse power flow permission control when allowing the surplus power of each grid interconnection device 7 to flow back to the distribution network 3N. The reverse power flow prohibition release command is generated (step S201 in FIG. 9). The generated reverse power flow prohibition release command is transmitted to the communication unit 71 of each grid interconnection device 7 via the integrated device communication unit 81 (step S202).

  The drive control switching unit 72 of each grid interconnection device 7 changes the reverse power flow prohibition control to the reverse power flow permission control when the communication unit 71 receives the reverse power flow prohibition release command generated by the reverse power flow permission unit 82. 2 and drive control of the power converter 4 are switched. Specifically, the drive control switching unit 72 of each grid interconnection device 7 determines whether or not the communication unit 71 has received the reverse flow prohibition release command generated by the reverse flow permission unit 82 (FIG. 8). Step S101). When the reverse power flow prohibition release command is received (Yes in step S101), the control of the grid interconnection device 7 proceeds to step S102. When the reverse power flow prohibition release command is not received (No in step S101), the control is temporarily terminated.

  When the communication unit 71 receives the reverse power flow prohibition release command generated by the reverse power flow permission unit 82, the drive control switching unit 72 of each grid interconnection device 7 drives the power generation device 2 and the power converter 4. Is preferably rewritten from a drive control program that performs reverse flow prohibition control to a drive control program that performs reverse flow permission control (step S102). For example, when the control device communication unit 51 of the control device 5 receives an instruction to rewrite the drive control program from the drive control switching unit 72 via the communication unit 71, the control device communication unit 51 executes a drive control program for performing reverse power flow permission control from the additional device 6. Receive. And the control apparatus 5 rewrites the drive control program which performs reverse power flow prohibition control memorize | stored in the 2nd memory | storage device 50b2 with the drive control program which performs reverse power flow permission control. As a result, the drive control unit 52 can execute drive control based on reverse flow permission control. In the case of No in step S101, the drive control unit 52 continues the reverse power flow prohibition control.

  According to the surplus power integration system 1 of the present embodiment, when the communication unit 71 receives the reverse power flow prohibition release command generated by the reverse power flow permission unit 82, the drive control switching unit 72 of each grid interconnection device 7 Then, the drive control program for the power generator 2 and the power converter 4 is rewritten from a drive control program for performing reverse flow prohibition control to a drive control program for performing reverse flow permission control. Thereby, the drive control switching unit 72 also switches the reverse power flow prohibition control to the reverse power flow permission control for the grid interconnection device 7 including the control device 5 in which the drive control program for performing the reverse power flow permission control is not stored. The drive control can be switched easily and reliably.

  Note that the second storage device 50b2 of the control device 5 of each grid interconnection device 7 can select one of a drive control program for performing reverse power flow prohibition control and a drive control program for performing reverse power flow permission control. A drive control program can also be stored. Then, when the communication unit 71 receives the reverse power flow prohibition release command, the drive control switching unit 72 reads the drive control program for performing the reverse power flow permission control to the first storage device 50b1. The unit 51 is instructed. On the other hand, when the communication unit 71 has not received the reverse power flow prohibition release command, the drive control switching unit 72 controls the control device 5 to read out the drive control program for performing the reverse power flow prohibition control to the first storage device 50b1. Instructs the device communication unit 51. In this way, the drive control switching unit 72 of each grid interconnection device 7 can also switch between the two drive control programs depending on whether or not a reverse power flow prohibition release command has been received.

  According to the surplus power integration system 1 of the present embodiment, the drive control switching unit 72 of each grid interconnection device 7 causes the communication unit 71 to receive the reverse power flow prohibition release command generated by the reverse power flow permission unit 82 of the integrated device 8. When received, the drive control is switched from the reverse power flow prohibition control to the reverse power flow permission control. Therefore, the surplus power integration system 1 according to the present embodiment is configured so that each grid interconnection device 7 of the grid interconnection device group 7G from the reverse flow prohibition control to the reverse flow permission control according to the reception of the reverse flow prohibition release command from the integration device 8. The drive control can be switched, and the drive control can be easily switched.

  Next, the exhaust heat recovery amount detection unit 74 of each grid interconnection device 7 detects the exhaust heat recovery amount indicating the hot water storage amount or the hot water storage power (step S103). As shown in FIG. 10, a hot water circulation line 27 for circulating hot water is provided between the heat exchanger 22 and the hot water tank 24. In the hot water storage line 27, a radiator 27a, a hot water circulation pump 27b, a heat exchanger 22, and a water intake port 27c are arranged in this order from the downstream side to the upstream side. In the exhaust heat recovery system 26, the hot water is circulated through the hot water circulation line 27 by the hot water circulation pump 27 b, and the exhaust heat of the power generator 2 is recovered and stored in the hot water.

  In the hot water storage tank 24, a plurality of temperature detectors 24 a are provided in the depth direction of the hot water storage tank 24. The plurality of temperature detectors 24 a can detect temperatures corresponding to the water level of the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 24. The exhaust heat recovery amount detection unit 74 can detect an exhaust heat recovery amount indicating the amount of stored hot water or stored hot power in the hot water storage tank 24 based on the detection values of the plurality of temperature detectors 24a. The amount of stored hot water refers to the amount of heat recovered from the exhaust heat of the power generation device 2 via the heat exchanger 22 and stored in the stored hot water. Hot water storage power refers to the amount of heat stored in hot water converted to electric power.

  Specifically, the amount of stored hot water can be calculated by multiplying the amount of stored hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 24 and the amount of temperature change of the stored hot water. The amount of stored hot water can be preset according to the hot water storage tank 24, and the amount of temperature change of the stored hot water can be calculated from the detected values of the plurality of temperature detectors 24a. Since 1 kWh corresponds to 860 kcal, the exhaust heat recovery amount detection unit 74 can also convert the amount of stored hot water into electric power. It is also possible to provide a hot water storage detector that detects the amount of hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 24 and detect the amount of hot water stored in the hot water from the detection value of the hot water storage detector.

  The exhaust heat recovery amount detection unit 74 determines whether or not the exhaust heat recovery amount has reached the target exhaust heat recovery amount (step S104). The exhaust heat recovery amount detection unit 74 can determine that the exhaust heat recovery amount has reached the target exhaust heat recovery amount when the detection values of the plurality of temperature detectors 24a have reached the target hot water storage temperature. . The target hot water storage temperature is a set temperature of hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 24, and can also be set to a temperature range (target hot water temperature range) in consideration of the temperature change of the stored hot water.

  When the exhaust heat recovery amount reaches the target exhaust heat recovery amount (Yes in step S104), the control of the grid interconnection device 7 proceeds to step S105. When the exhaust heat recovery amount has not reached the target exhaust heat recovery amount (No in step S104), the control of the grid interconnection device 7 proceeds to step S106. In step S105, the operation state of the grid interconnection device 7 is set to an operation state instructed by a drive control optimization unit 86 described later. On the other hand, in step S106, the operation state of the grid interconnection device 7 is set to the above-described maximum rated operation. After step S105 or step S106 is executed, the control of the grid interconnection device 7 proceeds to step S107.

  The surplus power calculation unit 73 detects the output power of the power converter 4 and detects the power consumption consumed by the load 32 (step S107). Then, it is preferable that the surplus power calculation unit 73 calculates surplus power by subtracting the power consumption consumed by the load 32 from the output power of the power converter 4 (step S108). As described above, the output power of the power converter 4 is detected by the first power detector 3P1. Further, the power consumption consumed by the load 32 is detected by the second power detector 3P2. That is, the surplus power calculation unit 73 can calculate the surplus power of each grid interconnection device 7 by subtracting the detection value of the second power detector 3P2 from the detection value of the first power detector 3P1.

  The communication unit 71 of each grid interconnection device 7 generates surplus power information including the surplus power calculated by the surplus power calculation unit 73 (step S109). The surplus power information is obtained by allowing surplus power calculated by the surplus power calculating unit 73 to be transmitted to the integrated device 8, and in addition to operation information such as surplus power, a transmission destination address (address of the integrated device 8). ), Transmission source address (address of each grid interconnection device 7), error correction information, and the like.

  Further, the communication unit 71 of each grid interconnection device 7 generates exhaust heat recovery information including the exhaust heat recovery amount detected by the exhaust heat recovery amount detection unit 74 (step S109). The exhaust heat recovery information is obtained by transmitting the exhaust heat recovery amount detected by the exhaust heat recovery amount detection unit 74 to the integrated device 8. In addition to the operation information such as the exhaust heat recovery amount, surplus power Information similar to information can be included. The communication unit 71 of each grid interconnection device 7 transmits surplus power information and exhaust heat recovery information to the integrated device 8 (step S110). And control of the grid connection apparatus 7 is once complete | finished.

  It is preferable that the sold power calculation unit 83 of the integrated device 8 calculates the sold power based on the surplus power information transmitted from the communication unit 71 of each grid interconnection device 7. The sold power is the added power of the surplus power of each grid interconnection device 7 and can be supplied from a plurality of grid interconnection devices 7. Specifically, the sold power calculating unit 83 determines whether or not surplus power information and exhaust heat recovery information have been received from all the grid interconnection devices 7 (step S203).

  When surplus power information and exhaust heat recovery information are received from all the grid interconnection devices 7 (Yes in step S203), the control of the integrated device 8 proceeds to step S204. Then, based on the surplus power information of each grid interconnection device 7, the power sale power calculation unit 83 adds the surplus power of each grid interconnection device 7 to calculate the power sale power (step S204). When the surplus power information and the exhaust heat recovery information are not received from all the grid interconnection devices 7 (No in Step S203), the control of the integrated device 8 returns to Step S203. In this case, the sold power calculation unit 83 waits until it receives surplus power information and exhaust heat recovery information from all the grid interconnection devices 7.

  Next, it is preferable that the bidding unit 84 sells and sells the power sale power calculated by the power sale power calculation unit 83 in the power market 9 (step S205). Although the electric power market 9 is not limited, For example, a well-known wholesale electric power exchange etc. are mentioned. Wholesale power exchanges are trading markets such as spot market, pre-time market, forward market, and distributed / green power market. Note that the types of transactions in the electric power market 9 are not limited to these.

  The bidding unit 84 can consider the market trend of the electric power market 9 when bidding. The market trend of the electric power market 9 includes, for example, the electric power demand, the bid amount and the bid price, and the power sale amount supplied from other than the grid interconnection device group 7G integrated by the integration device 8. For example, the bidding unit 84 can consider market trends according to the region, time, and time zone in which the electric power market 9 sells and bids. For example, in the summer afternoon time zone, there is a greater demand for power than other seasons and time zones, and power selling prices tend to rise. On the other hand, in the midnight time zone, the power demand is less than in other time zones, and the power selling price tends to be low.

  The bidding unit 84 can determine the bid amount and the bid price based on the market trend of the electric power market 9. The bidding unit 84 can also sell and bid the surplus power of one grid interconnection device 7 constituting the grid interconnection device group 7G in the power market 9, and a plurality of grid interconnections constituting the grid interconnection device group 7G. The surplus power of the device 7 can be sold and bid at the power market 9 in a lump. The bidding unit 84 can also sell and bid the surplus power of all the grid interconnection devices 7 constituting the grid interconnection device group 7G in the power market 9 in a lump.

  According to the surplus power integration system 1 of the present embodiment, each grid interconnection device 7 calculates surplus power by subtracting the power consumed by the load 32 from the output power of the power converter 4 to calculate surplus power. It has. Further, the integrated device 8 is calculated by the sold power calculation unit 83 that calculates the sold power based on the surplus power information transmitted from the communication unit 71 of each grid interconnection device 7 and the sold power calculation unit 83. A bidding section 84 for selling and bidding the electric power sold in the electric power market 9. As a result, the surplus power integration system 1 of the present embodiment can combine the surplus power of the plurality of grid interconnection devices 7 constituting the grid interconnection device group 7G, and the surplus power of one grid interconnection device 7 can be combined. The amount of bids (power sales amount) can be increased compared to the case of selling on the basis of sales. Therefore, the bidding unit 84 can ensure competitiveness against competitors who bid on the electric power market 9 when selling on the electric power market 9, and can sell on an even more advantageous condition.

  The distribution unit 85 distributes the power sale profit obtained by the successful bid in proportion to the surplus power supplied to each supplier of the sold power when the sold power is awarded in the power market 9. Is preferred. Specifically, the distribution unit 85 determines whether or not the electric power sold by the bidding unit 84 has been sold and bid (Step S206). When a successful bid is made (Yes in step S206), the control of the integrating device 8 proceeds to step S207. Then, the distribution unit 85 calculates the individual power sale profit for each supplier of the power sale power (step S207). The individual power sale profit refers to the power sale profit in accordance with the supply amount of surplus power distributed to each supplier of the sold power.

  If no successful bid is made (No in step S206), the control of the integrating device 8 proceeds to step S208. Then, the bidding unit 84 determines whether or not to continue bidding (step S208). When the bidding is continued (Yes in step S208), the control of the integrating device 8 returns to step S205. In this case, the bid unit 84 changes the bid conditions such as the bid amount and the bid price, and again sells the bid (step S205). On the other hand, if the bidding is not continued (No in step S208), the control of the integrating device 8 proceeds to step S209. In this case, since no successful bid is made, there is no individual power selling profit.

  According to the surplus power integration system 1 of the present embodiment, the integration device 8 allows the power sale unit obtained by a successful bid to each supplier of the power sale power when the power sale power is awarded in the power market 9. A distribution unit 85 that distributes the profit in proportion to the supplied surplus power is provided. Therefore, the surplus power integration system 1 of this embodiment can distribute the power sale profit obtained by the successful bid according to the supply amount of surplus power supplied from each grid interconnection device 7.

  The distribution unit 85 can also distribute the power sale profit obtained by the successful bid based on an element other than the supplied surplus power or by adding an element other than the supplied surplus power. For example, the distribution unit 85 can distribute the power sale profit obtained by the successful bid based on the investment contributed in the construction of the surplus power integration system 1 or in consideration of the investment.

  Next, the drive control optimization unit 86 has the highest operating efficiency of each grid interconnection device 7 based on the surplus power information and the exhaust heat recovery information transmitted from the communication unit 71 of each grid interconnection device 7. It is preferable to determine the operation state of each grid interconnection device 7 and to instruct the operation status to each grid interconnection device 7 (step S209). The drive control optimizing unit 86 instructs the drive control unit 52 of the control device 5 of each grid interconnection device 7 through the integrated device communication unit 81 and the control device communication unit 51 about the operation state.

  For example, it is preferable that the drive control optimizing unit 86 calculates the surplus power generation cost and the power sale profit when the surplus power is generated and sold for each grid interconnection device 7. The surplus power generation cost is the cost of fossil fuel to be input to the power generation device 2 and is a variable cost necessary for generating surplus power. In this case, the power sale profit is the individual power sale profit. Then, the drive control optimizing unit 86 determines the amount of surplus power generated by each grid interconnection device 7 for which the surplus power generation cost is lower than the power sale profit, and It is good to indicate the generation amount.

  According to the surplus power integration system 1 of the present embodiment, the drive control optimization unit 86 calculates the surplus power generation cost and the power sale profit when the surplus power is generated and sold for each grid interconnection device 7. To do. Then, the drive control optimizing unit 86 determines the amount of surplus power generated by each grid interconnection device 7 for which the surplus power generation cost is lower than the power sale profit, and Specify the amount to be generated. Thereby, the drive control optimizing unit 86 can determine the operation state of each grid interconnection device 7 in consideration of the cost-effectiveness of surplus power generation cost to be input and the obtained power sale profit. Therefore, the power generation device 2 of each grid interconnection device 7 can generate surplus power from which a power sale profit can be obtained, and each grid interconnection device 7 can improve the operation efficiency.

  Further, as described above, the control device 5 of each grid interconnection device 7 determines the amount of exhaust heat recovered detected by the exhaust heat recovery amount detection unit 74 when the reverse power flow prohibition control is shifted to the reverse power flow permission control. Until the target exhaust heat recovery amount is reached, the grid interconnection device 7 is operated at the maximum rated operation, and after the exhaust heat recovery amount reaches the target exhaust heat recovery amount, the drive control optimization unit 86 has instructed. It is preferable to drive in the driving state.

  According to the surplus power integration system 1 of the present embodiment, the control device 5 of each grid interconnection device 7 is detected by the exhaust heat recovery amount detection unit 74 when the reverse power flow prohibition control is shifted to the reverse power flow permission control. Until the exhaust heat recovery amount reaches the target exhaust heat recovery amount, the grid interconnection device 7 is operated at the maximum rated operation. Therefore, when the exhaust heat recovery system 26 of each grid interconnection device 7 shifts to the reverse power flow permission control, the exhaust heat recovery amount recovered in the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 24 is preferentially used as the target exhaust heat recovery amount. Can be reached. Therefore, the surplus power integration system 1 of the present embodiment can improve the efficiency of the exhaust heat recovery system 26, and can improve the efficiency of the cogeneration system. Therefore, each grid connection apparatus 7 can improve operational efficiency.

  In addition, according to the surplus power integration system 1 of the present embodiment, the control device 5 of each grid interconnection device 7 uses the drive control optimization unit 86 after the exhaust heat recovery amount reaches the target exhaust heat recovery amount. Drive in the instructed operating state. Thereby, the integrated apparatus 8 can make the driving | running state of each grid connection apparatus 7 an optimal state, and can improve the operating efficiency of each grid connection apparatus 7. FIG. In addition, the driving | running state which the drive control optimization part 86 instruct | indicates with respect to each grid connection apparatus 7 is not limited. For example, the operating state of each grid interconnection device 7 can be determined in consideration of the cost effectiveness of each grid interconnection device 7 described above.

  Further, the drive control optimization unit 86 can determine the operating state of each grid interconnection device 7 in consideration of the exhaust heat recovery time of the exhaust heat recovery system 26. When the power generation amount of the power generation device 2 increases, the amount of exhaust heat of the power generation device 2 also increases, and the amount of exhaust heat recovery recovered by the exhaust heat recovery system 26 also increases. Moreover, if the flow rate of the hot water circulating through the hot water circulation line 27 increases, the time until the exhaust heat recovery system 26 recovers the target exhaust heat recovery amount can be shortened. Therefore, the drive control optimizing unit 86 generates the power generation amount of the power generator 2 that can minimize the time until the exhaust heat recovery system 26 recovers the target exhaust heat recovery amount, and the flow rate of the hot water circulating in the hot water circulation line 27. Is preferably indicated. The control for maximizing the power generation amount of the power generator 2 is the above-described maximum rated operation control, and is controlled by the drive control unit 52. The drive control unit 52 can control the discharge amount of the hot water circulating pump 27 b and can control the flow rate of the hot water circulating through the hot water circulating line 27. Therefore, the drive control optimizing unit 86 sends the power generation amount of the power generation device 2 and hot water storage to the drive control unit 52 of each grid interconnection device 7 via the integrated device communication unit 81 and the control device communication unit 51. The flow rate should be indicated.

  According to the surplus power integration system 1 of the present embodiment, the drive control optimization unit 86 includes the power generation amount of the power generation device 2 that can minimize the time until the exhaust heat recovery system 26 recovers the target exhaust heat recovery amount, and The flow rate of the hot water circulating through the hot water circulation line 27 is indicated. As a result, the exhaust heat recovery system 26 of each grid interconnection device 7 can minimize the time until the target exhaust heat recovery amount is recovered. Therefore, the surplus power integration system 1 of the present embodiment can improve the efficiency of the exhaust heat recovery system 26, and can improve the efficiency of the cogeneration system. Therefore, each grid connection apparatus 7 can improve operational efficiency.

  The drive control optimizing unit 86 releases part of the exhaust heat recovered by the exhaust heat recovery system 26 after the exhaust heat recovery amount of each grid interconnection device 7 reaches the target exhaust heat recovery amount. You can also. For example, the drive control optimizing unit 86 calculates the amount of heat released from the stored hot water from the amount of stored hot water discharged from the exhaust heat recovery system 26 and the temperature of the stored stored hot water. The drive control optimizing unit 86 calculates an exhaust heat release cost which is a cost required when generating a heat amount corresponding to the heat release amount using a hot water heater or the like. Then, the drive control optimizing unit 86 generates the surplus power generation cost, the power sale profit when surplus power is generated and sold, and the exhaust heat release cost released by the exhaust heat recovery system 26. 7 is calculated.

  The drive control optimization unit 86 compares the power generation profit with the power generation cost at the time of exhaust heat release obtained by adding the surplus power generation cost and the exhaust heat release cost. The drive control optimizing unit 86 can release a part of the exhaust heat recovered by the exhaust heat recovery system 26 when the power generation cost at the time of exhaust heat release is smaller than the profit of power sale. The drive control optimizing unit 86 can also reduce the amount of surplus power generated when the power generation cost during exhaust heat release is larger than the power sale profit. As shown in FIG. 10, the drive control part 52 of each grid connection apparatus 7 can discharge | store hot water from the water intake 27c, for example. Moreover, the drive control part 52 of each grid connection apparatus 7 can also discharge the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 24. Furthermore, the drive control part 52 of each grid connection apparatus 7 can also cool the hot water circulating through the hot water circulation line 27 using the radiator 27a of the hot water circulation line 27, for example. The drive control optimizing unit 86 instructs the amount of heat that the exhaust heat recovery system 26 can release to the drive control unit 52 of each grid interconnection device 7 via the integrated device communication unit 81 and the control device communication unit 51. To do.

  According to the surplus power integration system 1 of the present embodiment, the drive control optimizing unit 86 compares the power generation profit with the waste heat release power generation cost obtained by adding the surplus power generation cost and the waste heat release cost to the power sale profit. When the heat generation cost at the time of exhaust heat release is smaller than the profit of selling electricity, a part of the exhaust heat recovered by the exhaust heat recovery system 26 can be released. Further, the drive control optimizing unit 86 can reduce the generation amount of surplus power when the power generation cost at the time of exhaust heat release is larger than the power sale profit. Thus, the drive control optimizing unit 86 can determine the operating state of each grid interconnection device 7 by comparing and considering the power generation cost at the time of exhaust heat release and the power sale profit. The device 7 can improve the operation efficiency.

  When the operation state of each grid interconnection device 7 is determined, the integrated device communication unit 81 generates operation state instruction information including the operation state instructed by the drive control optimization unit 86. The operation state instruction information is obtained by transmitting the operation state instructed by the drive control optimizing unit 86 to each grid interconnection device 7. In addition to the instructed operation state, the transmission destination address (each The address of the grid interconnection device 7), the transmission source address (the address of the integration device 8), error correction information, and the like can be included. Further, the integrated device communication unit 81 generates individual power sale profit information including the individual power sale profit. The individual power sale profit information is obtained by transmitting the individual power sale profit calculated by the distribution unit 85 to each grid interconnection device 7, and is similar to the operation state instruction information in addition to the individual power sale profit. Information can be included.

  The integrated device communication unit 81 transmits the operation state instruction information and the individual power sale profit information to the communication unit 71 of each grid interconnection device 7 (step S210). The drive control unit 52 of each grid interconnection device 7 performs drive control of the power generation device 2 and the power converter 4 based on the operation state instruction information received by the communication unit 71, and determines the operation state of the grid interconnection device 7. Control. Further, each grid interconnection device 7 can know the individual power sale profit based on the individual power sale profit information received by the communication unit 71. Note that the execution order of the control of the grid interconnection device 7 and the integration device 8 is not limited to the order shown in the flowchart. For example, the determination of the operating state of each grid interconnection device 7 in step S209 can be executed before step S204.

  According to the surplus power integration system 1 of this embodiment, the integration device 8 is based on the surplus power information and the exhaust heat recovery information transmitted from the communication unit 71 of each grid interconnection device 7. A drive control optimizing unit 86 is provided that determines the operating state of each grid interconnection device 7 that provides the highest operating efficiency, and instructs each grid interconnection device 7 about the operation state. As a result, the drive control optimizing unit 86 can determine the optimal operating state of each grid interconnection device 7 based on the surplus power and the amount of exhaust heat recovery of each grid interconnection device 7. The system device 7 can improve the operation efficiency.

  The drive control switching unit 72 can also switch the drive control of the power generator 2 and the power converter 4 from the reverse flow permission control to the reverse flow prohibition control. Specifically, the integrated device 8 cancels the reverse flow permission control and shifts to the reverse flow prohibition control when prohibiting the surplus power of each grid interconnection device 7 from flowing backward to the distribution network 3N. A reverse flow prohibition unit 87 that generates a reverse flow permission release command is provided. The drive control switching unit 72 of each grid interconnection device 7 performs drive control from the reverse power flow permission control to the reverse power flow prohibition control when the communication unit 71 receives the reverse power flow permission release command generated by the reverse power flow prohibition unit 87. Switch. Thereby, the integrated apparatus 8 can suppress that the surplus electric power supplied to the distribution network 3N becomes excessive and the electric power system becomes unstable, for example.

  Further, the drive control switching unit 72 of each grid interconnection device 7 drives the power generator 2 and the power converter 4 when the communication unit 71 receives the reverse power flow permission release command generated by the reverse power flow prohibition unit 87. The control program can be rewritten from a drive control program that performs reverse flow permission control to a drive control program that performs reverse flow prohibition control. The transition from the reverse power flow permission control to the reverse power flow permission control can be performed in the same manner as the transition from the reverse power flow permission control to the reverse power flow permission control.

<Others>
The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above and shown in the drawings, and can be implemented with appropriate modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.

1: Surplus power integration system,
2: power generator, 22: heat exchanger, 24: hot water tank,
3: System power supply, 3N: Distribution network, 31: Distribution board, 32: Load,
4: power converter, 5: control device, 6: additional device,
7: Grid interconnection device, 7G: Grid interconnection device group,
71: Communication unit, 72: Drive control switching unit, 73: Surplus power calculation unit,
74: Waste heat recovery amount detection unit,
8: Integrated device, 82: Reverse power flow permission unit, 83: Electric power sales power calculation unit, 84: Bid unit,
85: Distribution unit, 86: Drive control optimization unit,
9: Electricity market.

Claims (7)

A power generation device that generates power using fossil fuel;
Provided between the power generation device and the distribution board of the system power supply, and converts the output power output from the power generation apparatus into AC power equivalent to the AC power of the system power supply and is fed from the distribution board A power converter that outputs to the load;
A control device for controlling driving of the power generation device and the power converter;
A grid interconnection device group in which a plurality of grid interconnection devices of a distributed power source are connected via a distribution network of the grid power supply,
An integrated device that is communicably connected to each grid interconnection device of the grid interconnection device group and integrates surplus power of each grid interconnection device;
With
Each of the grid interconnection devices calculates surplus power by subtracting power consumed by the load from output power of the power converter;
A communication unit that communicates with the integrated device via a wired or wireless communication line, generates surplus power information including the surplus power calculated by the surplus power calculating unit, and transmits the surplus power information to the integrated device ;
The power generation device and the power converter from a reverse power flow prohibition control for prohibiting reverse power flow to the distribution line network to a reverse power flow permission control for permitting reverse flow of the surplus power to the distribution line network A drive control switching unit for switching the drive control of
With
The integrated device is an added power of the surplus power of each grid interconnection device based on the surplus power information transmitted from the communication unit of each grid interconnection device, and the plurality of grid interconnection devices A sold power calculation unit that calculates the sold power that can be supplied from
A bidding unit for selling and bidding the power sale power calculated by the power sale power calculation unit in a power market;
Generate a reverse power flow prohibition release command to release the reverse power flow prohibition control and shift to the reverse power flow permission control when permitting the surplus power of each grid interconnection device to flow back to the distribution network A reverse power flow permitting section ,
With
The drive control switching unit of each grid interconnection device, when the communication unit receives the reverse power flow prohibition release command generated by the reverse power flow permission unit, from the reverse power flow prohibition control to the reverse power flow permission control A surplus power integrated system that switches the drive control to.   The at least one of the plurality of grid interconnection devices includes the communication unit and the drive control switching unit that are provided separately from the control device, and are communicably connected to the control device. The surplus power integration system according to 1.   When the communication unit receives the reverse power flow prohibition release command generated by the reverse power flow permission unit, the drive control switching unit of each grid interconnection device drives the power generation device and the power converter. The surplus power integration system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a program is rewritten from a drive control program that performs the reverse power flow prohibition control to a drive control program that performs the reverse power flow permission control. The integrated device is configured such that when the sold power is awarded in the electricity market, the power sale profit obtained by the successful bid is proportional to the surplus power supplied to each supplier of the sold power. The surplus power integration system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a distribution unit that distributes the power. Each of the grid interconnection devices includes a hot water storage tank for storing hot water,
A heat exchanger that is supplied with combustion exhaust gas exhausted from the power generation device and is supplied with the hot water from the hot water storage tank, and exchanges heat between the combustion exhaust gas and the hot water storage;
With
Each of the grid interconnection devices detects the amount of stored hot water, which is the amount of heat collected through the heat exchanger and stored in the stored hot water, or the amount of exhaust heat that indicates the amount of exhaust heat that indicates the amount of stored hot water converted into electric power. A heat recovery amount detector
The communication unit of each grid interconnection device generates exhaust heat recovery information including the exhaust heat recovery amount detected by the exhaust heat recovery amount detection unit, and adds the exhaust heat recovery information to the surplus power information. Sending information to the integrated device;
The integrated device, based on the surplus power information and the exhaust heat recovery information transmitted from the communication unit of each grid interconnection device, each grid interconnection having the highest operating efficiency of each grid interconnection device. The surplus power integration system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a drive control optimization unit that determines an operation state of a system device and instructs each of the grid interconnection devices of the operation state . The drive control optimizing unit generates a surplus power that is a cost of the fossil fuel to be input to the power generation device and is a variable cost necessary to generate the surplus power, and generates and sells the surplus power. And calculate the power sales profit for each grid interconnection device,
The drive control optimizing unit determines the generation amount of the surplus power of each grid interconnection device for which the surplus power generation cost is lower than the power sale profit, and for each grid interconnection device The surplus power integration system according to claim 5 , wherein the generated amount is instructed . When the control device of each grid interconnection device shifts from the reverse power flow prohibition control to the reverse power flow permission control, the exhaust heat recovery amount detected by the exhaust heat recovery amount detection unit is the target exhaust heat recovery The system interconnection device is operated at the maximum rated operation until the amount reaches, and after the exhaust heat recovery amount reaches the target exhaust heat recovery amount, the operation instructed by the drive control optimization unit The surplus power integration system according to claim 5 or 6 to be operated in a state .

Images